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Edition 07.18

Technical Information · GB

Actuators IC 40 

•  For complex applications with programmable functions for 

flexible adjustment to the process, with statistics and fault history 
to support service personnel

•  Position indicator that can be read externally
•  Spacious connection chamber for ease of installation
•  Actuators can be delivered ready installed on butterfly valves 

BVG, BVGF, BVA, BVAF, BVH, BVHS or linear flow control VFC

Содержание KromSchroder IC 40

Страница 1: ... flexible adjustment to the process with statistics and fault history to support service personnel Position indicator that can be read externally Spacious connection chamber for ease of installation Actuators can be delivered ready installed on butterfly valves BVG BVGF BVA BVAF BVH BVHS or linear flow control VFC ...

Страница 2: ...pen position 25 3 5 9 2 point operation with switchover of the running times 26 3 5 10 3 point step operation with running time fractions 27 3 5 11 3 stage operation with two digital inputs 29 3 5 12 3 point step operation with low position 30 3 6 Analogue operating modes 21 27 31 3 6 1 2 point operation 31 3 6 2 2 point operation with switchover of the adjustment angle for the open position 33 3 ...

Страница 3: ...Feedback signalling 61 6 2 Feedback potentiometer 62 6 3 Installation 62 6 4 Commissioning 63 7 Accessories 64 7 1 Heat deflectors 64 7 2 Single application attachment set 64 7 3 BCSoft 65 7 3 1 Opto adapter PCO 200 65 7 4 Cable gland with pressure equalization element 65 8 Technical data 66 8 1 Running times and torques 67 8 2 Dimensions 68 8 2 1 IC 40 68 9 Maintenance cycles 69 10 Glossary 70 10...

Страница 4: ...be used in automa tion processes The IC 40 can be used on continuously controlled burners and on stage controlled burners Settings on the actuator IC 40 can be made using a PC with the programming software BCSoft All the relevant settings for the process are made using the software via an optical interface Various operating modes which may be modified are stored in the unit In addition the control...

Страница 5: ...IC 40 Edition 07 18 5 Application Roller hearth kiln in the ceramics industry Forging furnace ...

Страница 6: ...infinitely adjusted between 5 and 25 seconds 1 1 2 Staged control with three burner capacity levels IC 40 BVA BVA VAG VAS 1 M PLC For processes that require a homogeneous tempera ture distribution in the furnace and three burner capac ity levels The actuator IC 40 is controlled by a program mable logic controller and works in High Medium Low or High Medium Low Off intermittent mode This al lows th...

Страница 7: ...ate positions depend ing on the capacity demand of the burner When the three point step signal is disconnected the butterfly valve stops at its current position If both inputs on the IC 40 DI 1 and DI 2 are activated after the burner has been shut down the butterfly valve closes further than the low fire rate position see Op erating mode 12 3 point step operation with low posi tion DI 1 DI 2 IC 40...

Страница 8: ...must have reached the ignition position on the instant of ignition The burner starts To activate the high fire rate DI 2 is actuated via the air valve output on terminal 26 of the BCU The butterfly valve moves cyclically between the high fire rate position and the low fire rate position see Operating mode 11 2 stage operation with two digital inputs DI 1 V1 DI 2 air valve IC 4 position Valve posit...

Страница 9: ...CU activates DI 2 via the air valve output This enables the analogue input IN on the actuator IC 40 Depending on the capacity demand of the temperature controller the butterfly valve BVA moves steplessly to the position between the low fire rate and the high fire rate as specified by the analogue input IN see Operat ing mode 27 2 stage operation with two digital inputs and variable adjustment angl...

Страница 10: ...A 4 20 mA VAG VAS 1 VAS PLC M For processes that require a homogeneous tempera ture distribution and high temperature accuracy in the furnace If only a low heat output is required for example to maintain the temperature in the furnace the burner can continue to be operated in intermittent mode The ad justment angle of the valve is reduced via the analogue input 4 20 mA of the actuator and the burn...

Страница 11: ...al Standards Institute Canadian Standards Association ANSI UL 429 and CSA C22 2 Class number C322102 Class number C322182 www csagroup org Directive on the restriction of the use of hazardous substances RoHS in China Scan of the Disclosure Table China RoHS2 see certifi cates at www docuthek com UL listed Underwriters Laboratories UL 60730 1 Automatic Electrical Controls for Household and Similar U...

Страница 12: ...pening angle Further visualiza tion and operation are performed on a PC using the BCSoft software BCSoft The sequence of opening and closing is programmed using the BCSoft software and can be adapted indi vidually to any application All settings for the actuator IC 40 are made using BCSoft Commissioning and calibration of the closed position are performed conveniently using the software BCSoft off...

Страница 13: ...gned at the works as universal inputs If a voltage of 24 V DC or 100 230 V AC is applied to the input this is recog nized as On signal positive logic It is not necessary to set or readjust the voltage magnitude or voltage type In the analogue operating modes an additional input IN is assigned for the actuator If an actuator IC 40 A with 4 20 mA analogue input is connected option further operating ...

Страница 14: ... changes 16 2 the maximum running time is reduced from 25 5 s percentage wise The IC 40 corrects the time to the maximum possible value After they have been entered the valid parameters are automatically read out and displayed in BCSoft We recommend switching to Manual mode when com missioning in order to establish the right positions and running times for the application see page 51 Manual mode O...

Страница 15: ...the actua tor moves to high position within running time t1 When the signal at digital input DI 1 drops the actuator moves back to low position within running time t2 DI 1 Position Off low closed On high If the signal at digital input DI 1 is deactivated before high position is reached the actuator moves directly to low position within the percentage time of t2 The actuator operates in high low hi...

Страница 16: ... position within running time t3 As the voltage at digital input DI 1 drops the actuator closes to low position within running time t4 DI 1 Position Off low closed On high If the signal at digital input DI 1 is deactivated before high position is reached the actuator moves directly to low position within the percentage time of t4 The actuator operates in high middle low high mid dle closed intermi...

Страница 17: ...in addition digital input DI 1 is activated the actuator approaches high position within running time t2 When the signal at DI 1 drops the actuator moves back to middle position within running time t3 and closes the control element to low position within running time t4 if the signal is also disconnected from DI 2 The actuator operates in high middle low high mid dle closed intermittent mode DI 1 ...

Страница 18: ...wise the actuator closes within the successive run ning times t3 and t4 if signal DI 1 drops The middle position serves as an interpolation point and can be freely programmed Owing to the two successive running times the open ing characteristic of the butterfly valve can be changed For example the characteristic of the air circuit can be adapted to that of the gas circuit Running times up to 51 s ...

Страница 19: ...ing mode 3 with dif ferent priority of the digital inputs Digital input DI 2 has priority over DI 1 This means that a signal at DI 1 has no effect unless a signal is also ap plied to DI 2 DI 1 DI 2 Position Off Off low closed On Off low closed DI 2 has priority Off On middle On On high Possible parameter set for this operating mode P 68022 see page 45 Parameter sets Operating mode 4 ...

Страница 20: ...a 3 point step signal The setting function is limited by the low and high positions low position may also be 0 closed position The opening speed is preset via the time t1 for the entire low to high setting travel Accordingly the closing speed is set with t2 for the entire high to low setting travel Possible parameter sets for this operating mode P68012 P68013 P68014 see page 45 Parameter sets DI 1...

Страница 21: ...e On On high Each signal change results in a new position setpoint for the actuator If the signals overlap see t2 the actu ator moves towards high If the signals do not overlap see t5 the actuator moves towards closed Various modes of operation can be implemented with this operating mode Control via one digital input DI 2 with no signal The actuator operates in low closed intermittent mode via dig...

Страница 22: ...nal in high closed intermittent mode with three successive running times up to 76 5 s 3 x 25 5 s With three successive running times via interpolation points it is possible to change the opening character istic of the butterfly valve For example the character istic of the air circuit can be adapted to that of the gas circuit Control via two digital inputs If all possible combinations of the two in...

Страница 23: ...ween high low high closed and middle low middle closed during ongoing operation The adjustment angle for the open position is then ap proached with signal at DI 1 and switched over via DI 2 The actuator now operates in middle low middle closed intermittent mode via digital input DI 1 The heat output can now be reduced and it is never theless possible to continue operation in intermittent mode so a...

Страница 24: ...ened in accordance with the reduced position Alternative function 2 stage operation with constant speed DI 1 DI 2 Position Off Off low closed On Off high Off On low closed DI 1 has priority On On middle For as long as a signal is applied to DI 1 DI 2 switches to and fro between high and middle position In this case it may be practical to invert the logic of digital in put DI 2 see page 48 Switchin...

Страница 25: ...dle low middle closed mode via DI 2 A signal at DI 1 priority always leads to approaching high position which can be used to purge the furnace or kiln for instance DI 1 DI 2 Position Off Off low closed On Off high Off On middle On On high DI 1 has priority Alternative function 2 stage operation with constant speed For as long as a signal is applied to DI 2 DI 1 switches to and fro between high and...

Страница 26: ...actuator is in low position low position may also be 0 closed posi tion DI 1 Position Off low closed On high The running times are switched over via DI 2 DI 2 Opening time Closing time Off t1 t2 On t3 t4 Switchover of the running times may also occur during movement of the actuator This function can also be used for fast movement to the pre purge position for instance with correspondingly slow run...

Страница 27: ...digital inputs or both digital inputs are active simultaneously the actuator stops in its position The actuator can be stopped in any position The actuator operates in continuous mode and is con trolled via a 3 point step signal The setting function is limited by the low and high positions low position may also be 0 closed posi tion DI 1 DI 2 Reaction Off Off Idle Stop On Off Open to high position...

Страница 28: ...e position is used as an interpolation point This can be defined individually Owing to the two successive running times the open ing characteristic of the butterfly valve can be changed For example the characteristic of the air circuit can be adapted to that of the gas circuit Running times up to 51 s 2 x 25 5 s are possible in this operating mode Possible parameter sets for this operating mode P6...

Страница 29: ...ly valve moves to low position ignition position and low fire rate position If a signal is applied to DI 2 DI 1 with no signal the butterfly valve moves to high position for pre purge If a signal is applied to DI 1 and DI 2 the butterfly valve moves to middle position high fire rate DI 1 V1 DI 2 air valve IC 40 Position Valve position Off Off closed Closed On Off low Ignition position low fire rat...

Страница 30: ...hree point step signal is applied to the inputs DI 1 and DI 2 with no signal the actuator stops and the butterfly valve remains in its current position If a three point step signal is applied to inputs DI 1 and DI 2 the actuator moves from the low fire rate position to low position DI 1 DI 2 IC 40 position Valve position Off Off Idle Stop Idle On Off Open to high position Open to high fire rate Of...

Страница 31: ...or moves back to low position The actuator operates in analogue low analogue closed intermittent mode whereby the analogue signal determines the adjustment angle for the open posi tion setpoint The adjustment angle for the open position which can be varied via the analogue signal is set in BCSoft Example 4 mA for 60 opening and 20 mA for 100 opening If no analogue value is preset the actuator re m...

Страница 32: ... speeds here Consequently the high position may also be lower than the analogue position The magnitude of the cur rent signal is crucial as regards the analogue position Example for double running time T The high position is set to 50 T t1 100 high T 25 5 s 100 50 T 51 s Possible parameter set for this operating mode P68026 see page 45 Parameter sets Note The running time can be prolonged up to ma...

Страница 33: ...ed inter mittent mode via digital input DI 1 Digital input DI 1 functions as a pulse input Signal at DI 2 Intermittent mode can switch in ongoing operation between high low high closed and analogue low analogue closed The adjustment angle for the open position is then approached with signal at DI 1 and switched over via DI 2 The actuator now operates in analogue low analogue closed intermittent mo...

Страница 34: ... Off low closed On Off high Off On low closed On On analogue The opening speed is preset via the time t1 for the entire low to high setting travel Accordingly the closing speed is set with t2 for the en tire high to low setting travel The speeds are retained in both intermittent modes The running times are changed accordingly if the ana logue position current signal is moved The analogue position ...

Страница 35: ...high position This application can be used for purging a furnace or kiln for instance The adjustment angle for the open position which can be varied via the analogue signal is set in BCSoft Example 4 mA for 60 opening and 20 mA for 100 opening Depending on the adjustment angle for the open po sition the heat output can be reduced and a uniform temperature distribution in the furnace or kiln can be...

Страница 36: ...signal the actuator is in low position low position may also be 0 closed posi tion The adjustment angle for the open position which can be varied via the analogue signal is set in BCSoft Example 4 mA for 60 opening and 20 mA for 100 opening Depending on the adjustment angle for the open po sition the heat output can be reduced and a uniform temperature distribution in the furnace or kiln can be ac...

Страница 37: ... operation The high position can be selected correspondingly lower in order to obtain longer running times 25 5 s The high position does not limit the adjustment angle for the open position but only defines the speeds Consequently the high position may also be lower than the analogue position The magnitude of the cur rent signal is crucial as regards the analogue position Possible parameter set fo...

Страница 38: ... is ap proached with signal at DI 1 DI 2 with no signal The actuator operates in analogue chart 1 low ana logue chart 1 closed intermittent mode via digital in put DI 1 Signal at DI 2 The actuator operates in analogue chart 2 low ana logue chart 2 closed intermittent mode via digital input DI 1 This function allows the actuator to switch over its in termittent mode in ongoing operation The adjustm...

Страница 39: ...n analogue chart 2 The opening speed is preset via the time t1 for the entire low to high setting travel Accordingly the closing speed is set with t2 for the en tire high to low setting travel The speeds are retained in both intermittent modes The high position can be selected correspondingly lower in order to obtain longer running times 25 5 s The high position does not limit the adjustment angle...

Страница 40: ... low closed On Off analogue chart 1 Off On high On On analogue chart 2 A change in the circuit combination directly triggers ap proach to the new position High position may also be lower than the analogue chart positions in this case The opening speed is pre set via the running time t1 for the entire low to high setting travel Accordingly the closing speed is set with t2 for the entire high to low...

Страница 41: ...put DI 2 DI 1 and DI 2 simultaneously with ON or OFF signal The actuator operates in analogue chart 2 low ana logue chart 2 closed intermittent mode If all possible combinations of the two inputs are used for instance by a PLC control system this allows high analogue chart 1 analogue chart 2 low closed inter mittent mode to be implemented Continuous operation The actuator may also operate in conti...

Страница 42: ... 2 DI 1 with no signal the butterfly valve moves to high position for pre purge high fire rate If a signal is applied to DI 1 and DI 2 the butterfly valve can be moved steplessly via the analogue input The possible adjustment range is between 0 and 100 The adjustment angle for the open position which can be varied via the analogue signal is set in BCSoft Example 4 mA for 60 opening and 20 mA for 1...

Страница 43: ... the electri cal power supply or in the event of a device defect The penetration of air may also lead to damage to the ma terial in the furnace or kiln in extreme cases besides changing the furnace or kiln atmosphere In order to maximize the service life of the parts subject to wear in the actuator and in the butterfly valve the emergency closing function should be used only for the intended closi...

Страница 44: ...are saved in the BCSoft soft ware to assist programming Selecting a parameter set preselects the corresponding operating mode and as signs practical values to all parameters which can be set Each parameter can be tailored to the individual requirements of the installation ...

Страница 45: ...tion with one or two digital inputs running time 51 s P68016 3 2 stage operation with one or two digital inputs running time 30 s P68017 1 2 point operation running time 15 s P68018 1 2 point operation running time 7 5 s P68019 1 2 point operation running time 4 5 s P68020 10 3 point step operation with running time fractions running time 15 s P68021 2 2 point operation with flame proving period r...

Страница 46: ...itchover of the adjustment angle for the open position running time 7 5 s P68028 23 2 point operation with input dependent adjustment angle for the open position running time 7 5 s P68029 24 2 point operation with switchover of the running times running time 4 5 s 15 s P68030 25 2 point operation with characteristic curve switchover I running time 7 5 s P68031 26 2 point operation with characteris...

Страница 47: ...ory default parameters are data saved permanently in the unit This includes motor data and calibration data In addition information on which parameter set was preset in the condition as delivered is also saved in the factory default parameters see page 45 Parameter sets ...

Страница 48: ... is connected option The switch on and switch off threshold of the analogue in put is defined at approx 3 mA The assignment of current value to position can be free ly defined via 5 pairs of values interpolation points Each of the interpolation points at 4 8 12 16 and 20 mA can be assigned a position which the actuator ap proaches when the corresponding current signal is applied The position is in...

Страница 49: ... valve BV Consequently the hysteresis may be increased to up to 0 2 mA The resolution in this case is reduced down to 1 of the actuator accordingly The maximum resolu tion is always set in each case as the basic setting Priority and running time in operating modes 1 10 In operating modes 1 to 10 the actuator is positioned 0 100 by both digital inputs DI 1 and DI 2 Alterna tively on the IC 40A A th...

Страница 50: ...ge can also be set individually via one minimum value and one maximum value These set tings are independent of the selected low position mid dle position or high position A feedback signal can also be used as a fault signal In BCSoft it is possible to select what status is to lead to setting of the output relay energized Device defective An internal error such as a fault in the memory chip leads t...

Страница 51: ...ating positions for the process such as the low fire rate low position the ignition middle position and the high fire rate high position For this purpose the actuator can be moved to any po sition regardless of the input signal The position can be entered or changed directly in BCSoft The resolu tion is defined in ranges fine medium coarse whereby fine allows any step of the step motor 0 05 After ...

Страница 52: ... Besides the total counters there are customer counters for recording information over a specific period 3 11 2 Measured values The minimum and maximum internal housing tempera tures are saved in statistics In addition the current in ternal temperature is displayed Here as well there is a customer memory for viewing a period 3 11 3 Resetting statistics All signals and customer data can be reset Th...

Страница 53: ...Edition 07 18 53 Function 3 12 Connection diagram For detailed information on the electrical connections see page see page 60 Project planning information or on the technical da ta see page 66 Technical data ...

Страница 54: ... Cause According to operating state Flashing light 1 1 Warning Internal temperature 90 C High ambient temperature According to operating state Flashing light 2 4 Warning Drift 5 Mechanical valve offset Valve moving against its stop According to operating state Flashing light 3 7 Warning Drift 10 Mechanical valve offset Valve moving against its stop According to operating state Flashing light 4 8 W...

Страница 55: ...ight 5 Fault Internal fault e g EEPROM reading or writing error Flashing light 2 Permanent light 11 Fault Zero position check reference switch does not close Valve blocked Internal error Actuator offset Valve not closed BVHS Flashing light 3 Permanent light 12 Fault Zero position check reference switch does not open Valve blocked Internal error Actuator offset Flashing light 6 Permanent light 30 F...

Страница 56: ...d max position Faults and warnings Reference switch drift 5 1 Reference switch drift 10 1 Reference switch does not open1 Reference switch does not close1 Internal temperature 90 C Analogue input IN 4 mA Service note Faults are always signalled warnings are signalled depending on the selection in BCSoft see Inputs Outputs 54 Warnings and faults Fault Only faults are displayed Manual mode Device is...

Страница 57: ...2 Torque 2 5 Nm Torque 2 5 Nm2 2 3 Torque 3 0 Nm Torque 3 0 Nm2 3 Three point step control Three point step control3 D R Two point step control Two point step control3 D E Continuous control 4 20 mA analogue input A G Additional switches with gold contacts 1 1000 Ω feedback potentiometer 1000 Ω feedback potentiometer R10 Example GT 31 07T2E Example IC 40A2A with parameterset P680133 standard avail...

Страница 58: ...ing slow closing L Slow opening quick closing Running time 4 5 76 5 s 90 1 N Quick opening quick closing T Mains voltage 220 240 V AC Mains voltage2 100 230 V AC 10 A M 110 V AC 100 230 V AC 10 A K 24 V DC Two point control Two point control1 3 Terminal connection box IP 54 IP 65 6 Standard plug Example M 6RT3 Example IC 40SA with parameter set P680191 standard available 1 Various parameter sets c...

Страница 59: ...5 s 2 Only in conjunction with butterfly valve BVHS If none this specification is omitted 3 C 40 2 5 Nm IC 40 S 3 0 Nm 4 If none this specification is omitted standard available Example IC 40A2D 5 2Type code Code Description IC 40 Actuator S Emergency closing function A Mains voltage 100 230 V AC 50 60 Hz 2 3 Torque 2 5 Nm 3 Nm A D 4 20 mA analogue input Digital inputs R10 Feedback potentiometer ...

Страница 60: ...ignal lines Do not connect power supply and digital inputs to dif ferent phases of a three phase current system 6 1 2 Digital inputs The digital inputs require a current of approx 5 mA at 24 V DC or approx 3 mA at 230 V AC To avoid interfer ence it may be necessary to increase the output cur rent by using an additional load resistor on the signal sensor Load resistors may not be fitted inside the ...

Страница 61: ...e for air may be series connection of a pressure switch signal with the feedback signal of the IC 40 In this application the pressure switch monitors the maximum permitted air pressure so as to restrict the maximum permitted start fuel flow rate using the air gas ratio control GIK Example 2 VAS 1 VAS N One other option of fail safe limitation of the start fuel flow rate is utilization of a bypass ...

Страница 62: ...etrofitted with a potentiometer The actuator is available with fitted potentio meter 6 3 Installation The IC 40 must not be installed in a public place It must be accessible to authorized personnel only Unauthor ized personnel could make changes which could cause the system to become unsafe or dangerous Installation position vertical or horizontal not upside down If the actuator is used with hot a...

Страница 63: ... 6 4 Commissioning When mains power is connected the actuator IC 40 conducts a zero position check To do this the actuator opens the control element to approx 25 Then the ac tuator moves to the position specified by the operating mode and input signals ...

Страница 64: ... temperatures of up to 450 C Order No 74921670 If you are using an insulated pipeline ensure that there is sufficient installation space to access the heat de flectors and the screw connectors near the valve 7 2 Single application attachment set Ø 8 Ø 17 Ø 130 Ø 90 ø 4H12 7 16 25 20 Ø 5 5 0 4 kg Order No 74921671 This attachment set is required if the actuator is mount ed onto control elements oth...

Страница 65: ...pto adapter PCO 200 BCSoft CD ROM included Order No 74960625 7 4 Cable gland with pressure equalization element To avoid the formation of condensation the cable gland with pressure equalization element can be used instead of the standard M20 cable gland The diaphragm in the gland is designed to ventilate the device without allow ing water to enter 1 x cable gland Order No 74924686 ...

Страница 66: ...l inputs 24 V DC or 100 230 V AC each Current requirement of digital inputs 24 V DC approx 5 mA eff 230 V AC approx 3 mA eff 1 analogue input optional 4 20 mA load impedance switchable from 50 Ω to 250 Ω Potentiometer optional 1 kΩ 20 see page 62 Feedback potentiometer Linearity tolerance 2 max capacity 0 25 W con ductive plastic element Tap wiper at high resistance 2 digital outputs Signalling co...

Страница 67: ...ogrammed between the limits of 4 5 76 5 s The following specifications on the designed lifetime of the actuator relate to typical applications with BVA BVAF BVG BVGF BVH BVHS and VFC Mechanical switching cycles 0 90 0 0 100 0 IC 40 with VFC 5 million cycles IC 40 with BVA BVG 5 million cycles IC 40 with BVAF BVGF 5 million cycles IC 40 with BVH BVHx 3 million cycles Typical number of operating cyc...

Страница 68: ...32 5 2 2 kg 4 4 lbs 103 4 1 6 5 0 3 8 0 3 19 4 0 8 ø 8 ø 0 3 2 55 0 1 Other dimensions of IC 40 with butterfly valves BV see www docuthek com Butterfly valves BVG BVA BVH Technical Information Dimensions of IC 40 with VFC see www docuthek com Linear flow controls VFC Technical Information ...

Страница 69: ...nd requires little ser vicing We recommend a function check once a year If the Service note option has been activated in BCSoft the warning limits are preset as follows and can be adapted if necessary 3 million cycles 0 90 0 0 100 0 3 million relay switching operations 5 million changes of direction ...

Страница 70: ...ions Position is the angle 0 90 or 0 100 which the actuator approaches There are 4 positions depending on the set operating mode Closed 0 0 Low low fire rate Middle intermediate High open 10 3 Adjustment angle for the open position The adjustment angle for the open position indicates the approached position of the actuator and thus deter mines the maximum quantity in intermittent mode ...

Страница 71: ...e Safety interlocks limits Start up signal DI High temperature mode Ignition transformer Gas valve Air valve P Purge A Ext air valve control Flame signal Operating signal 1 2 Pilot and main burner Fault signal Reset tS Closing time Air pressure switch ...

Страница 72: ...o get to know the product To choose a product Planning To look for information My scope of functions Technical department Sales No answer Remarks Elster GmbH Postfach 2809 49018 Osnabrück Strotheweg 1 49504 Lotte Büren Germany Tel 49 541 1214 0 Fax 49 541 1214 370 hts lotte honeywell com www kromschroeder com Contact The current addresses of our international agents are available on the Internet w...

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