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付

付録

接地抵抗

接地電極と大地との間の抵抗のことを一般的に接地抵抗と呼んでい

ます。正確には、接地導体の抵抗、接地導体と大地との間の接触抵

抗、および大地の抵抗の総和です。

接地抵抗は、通常の抵抗器とは異なり、次のような特殊性がありま

す。

•

分極作用

大地は電解質のような性質をもっているため、分極作用があり、

直流電流を流すとその電流と反対向きの起電力が発生して正確に

測定ができません。そのため、接地抵抗の測定には、一般的に数

十

〜

1 kHz

の矩形波や正弦波が用いられます。

•

特殊な形態

接地抵抗は、接地電極と大地との間の抵抗です。大地から取り出

して測定することができません。

大地の抵抗率は比較的大きいため、測定するための電流が流れる

電極付近では電圧降下を生じます。このため、接地電極の抵抗値

を正確に測定するためには、各電極（

電極、

S(P)

電極、

H(C)

電極）を

10 m

程度離す必要があります。

•

外乱要素の存在

接地抵抗の測定には、地電圧や補助接地電極の影響などの外乱要

素が存在します。

接地電極に接続された機器からの漏洩電流による地電圧は、接地

抵抗計が検出したい信号に重畳し、測定値に影響を与えます。ま

た、補助接地電極の接地抵抗が大きいと、測定電流が小さくなり、

地電圧などのノイズの影響を受けやすくなります。

本器は、これらの外乱の影響を受けにくい方式を採用しており、

悪条件下でも正確に測定できます。

付録

索引

Содержание FT3151

Страница 1: ......

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...i 1 1 2 4 8 1 11 1 1 11 1 2 11 1 3 13 1 4 16 1 5 Z5022 17 2 19 2 1 21 2 2 3 23 24 3 26 26 27 28 29 2 3 2 30 32 2 33 33 34 FT3151A980 01...

Страница 4: ...ii 34 34 2 4 35 2 5 36 38 3 41 3 1 41 3 2 42 3 3 43 4 45 4 1 45 45 45 4 2 46 4 3 48 4 4 48 4 5 49 1 1 1 2 2 3 4...

Страница 5: ...1 HIOKI FT3151 FT3151 1 L9840 1 2 1 6 mm 270 mm 235 mm SUS304 L9841 1 4 m L9842 11 1 10 m...

Страница 6: ...2 L9842 22 1 20 m C0106 1 1 3 LR6 6 L9787 1 2 m CAT L9840 2 1 6 mm 270 mm 235 mm SUS304 L9841 4 m L9842 11 10 m L9842 22 20 m...

Страница 7: ...3 L9843 51 50 m L9843 52 50 m L9844 3 1 2 m 9050 2 1 300 mm 300 mm C0106 Z5022...

Страница 8: ...4 IEC 61010...

Страница 9: ...5...

Страница 10: ...6 DC AC EU WEEE EU f s rdg dgt f s rdg dgt 1...

Страница 11: ...7 IEC61010 CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT 300 V CAT CAT CAT T CAT II CAT IV CAT III...

Страница 12: ...8 2...

Страница 13: ...9 3 1 p 41 IH...

Страница 14: ...10 L9787 L9840 p 7...

Страница 15: ...11 1 1 1 1 2 1 EN 61557 JIS C 1304 2002 IEC 61010 2 115 10 100 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 16: ...12 7 MEASURE 8...

Страница 17: ...13 1 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 14 13 12 15 p 23 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 18: ...14 1 MEASURE 2 3 Poles 2 3 4 Hz 575 Hz 600 Hz 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ADJUST 12 E 13 S P 14 H C 15...

Страница 19: ...15 17 18 16 16 M3X6 17 18 E P C JIS C 1304 2012 3 E S H E S P H C JIS C 1304 IEC 61557 5 E E E P S S P C H H C 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 20: ...16 1 4 C0106...

Страница 21: ...17 Z5022 1 5 Z5022 Z5022 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 22: ...18 Z5022...

Страница 23: ...19 2 p 8 2 L9841 L9842 11 L9842 22 L9843 51 L9843 52 50 V 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 24: ...20 L9787 L9844...

Страница 25: ...21 2 1 p 26 p 33 ADJUST MEASURE 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 26: ...22 1 3 Poles 3 2 Poles 2 2 3 MEASURE 0 0...

Страница 27: ...23 3 2 2 3 50 V 3 2 3 p 25 2 E H C S P H C S P 20 A 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 28: ...24 3 CAT 300 V rms 0...

Страница 29: ...25 3 1 5 3 10 m 10 m S P H C E 2 1 E 2 2 3 4 E S P 5 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 30: ...26 3 E S H 5 m 10 cm 3 Poles 3 Hz 575 Hz 600 Hz 575 600 MEASURE 4 2 p 46...

Страница 31: ...27 3 V MEASURE MEASURE 10 V 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 32: ...28 3 1 H C H MEASURE S H CHECK 2 S P S MEASURE S H CHECK...

Страница 33: ...29 3 1 10 100 MEASURE 100 Poles 2 p 43 17 8 f s 17 8 f s 1 1 78 1 1 78 0 1 78 0 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 34: ...30 2 2 3 2 85 V 50 V E E 300 V...

Страница 35: ...31 2 L9787 L9841 L9842 11 L9842 22 L9843 51 L9843 52 2 2 TT D 100 Rx Ro B 10 3 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 36: ...32 2 2 V E E H C E E S P H C Ro 5 m E 2 A 1 5 m...

Страница 37: ...33 2 2 Poles 2 Hz 575 Hz 600 Hz 575 600 MEASURE 4 2 p 46 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 38: ...34 2 V MEASURE H S MEASURE 10 100 MEASURE...

Страница 39: ...35 2 4 1 2 3 H S 4 9050 9050 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 40: ...36 2 5 3 2 10 k A 1 H S 7 k...

Страница 41: ...37 a E H C l m E S P x m E b S P E H C E H C Rx Rc a Rx E S P H C S P E H C b S P S P H C E H C S P H C 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 42: ...38 S P E H C E H C 5 m E H C 29 S P 5 m 5 m 29 S P H C E 9050...

Страница 43: ...39 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7...

Страница 44: ...40 10 V 10 V 5 V Hz 575 600...

Страница 45: ...m 2 EN61557 5 0 40 80 rh 10 50 80 rh IP40 EN60529 3 LR6 DC 1 5 V 6 2 5 VA 6 0 V 10 0 V 0 5 V 164W 119H 88D mm 760 g EN 61557 1 EN61557 5 EN 61010 EN 61010 EN 61010 EMC EN 61326 JIS C 1304 2002 p 1 p...

Страница 46: ...42 3 2 0 1150 0 V 30 V 1 AC 50 V rms AC 15 mA rms 2 AC 3 mA rms 575 Hz 600 Hz 10 3 2 3 S P E 2 H C E AC 300 V 2500 V AC 250 V 1 E S P E H C 1100 30 30 3 575 Hz 100 1 10 AC 85 V...

Страница 47: ...000 0 11 5 0 115 0 1150 10 100 1000 A 0 25 2 5 f s 2 5 2 5 f s 25 2 5 f s 2 100 1000 E1 90 1 0 E2 DC 6 V 10 V 0 5 E3 0 C 40 C 1 0 VE E4 50 Hz 60 Hz 0 V VE 5 V 1 0 5 V VE 10 V 2 0 DC 16 2 3 Hz 400 Hz 0...

Страница 48: ...44 E5 0 100 RA 5 k S H 1 0 RA E6 E7 E8 400 A m 50 Hz 60 Hz 0 5 B 17 8 f s V 30 V 0 V 30 V 3 0 f s 1 0 0 C 40 C...

Страница 49: ...45 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 5 6 7...

Страница 50: ...46 4 2 3 LR6 6...

Страница 51: ...47 4 A B 1 2 3 A 4 6 5 B 6 1 2 3 5 6 7...

Страница 52: ...48 4 3 4 4 4 5 p 49...

Страница 53: ...49 4 4 5 MEASURE MEASURE 0 S H E H S 0 1 2 3 5 6 7...

Страница 54: ...50 2 2 2 1 2 10 0...

Страница 55: ...1 1 Hz 1 kHz E S P H C 10 m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 56: ...2 2 1 3 I Rc Rx C T E S P Ex E S Rs Es Ex IRx Es IRs n n C T Ex Es Rx Rs n Rs 1 n Rx S P H C Rp Rc Rx Rs S E 3...

Страница 57: ...3 2 2 2 Ro Rx 3 Rx Ro Rs n Ro Rx S P H C Ro Rx Rs S E 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 58: ...4 3 A 1 10 B 2 1 C 3 10 2 D 3 100 2 1 150 35000 V 150 V 1 2 35000 V 300 1 35000 V 600 2 0 5 500...

Страница 59: ...16 09 JA...

Страница 60: ......

Страница 61: ...FT3151 Instruction Manual ANALOG EARTH TESTER Aug 2017 Revised edition 1 FT3151A980 01 EN...

Страница 62: ......

Страница 63: ...21 2 1 Inspection Before Use 23 2 2 Measuring Earth Resistance Precisely Precise Measurement 3 Pole Measurement Method 25 Connecting measurement cables 26 Settings for 3 pole measurement 29 Battery ch...

Страница 64: ...iary earthing rods 42 3 Specifications 45 3 1 General Specifications 45 3 2 Basic Specifications 46 3 3 Measuring Range and Tolerances 48 4 Maintenance and Service 51 4 1 Repair Check Up Cleaning 51 C...

Страница 65: ...nel buttons and connectors If damage is evident or if it fails to operate according to the specifications contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller Check the package contents as follows FT...

Страница 66: ...utor or reseller when ordering L9787 Test Lead for simplified measurement method indoor use only red and black 1 2 m each Not classified in accordance with the measurement category L9840 Auxiliary Ear...

Страница 67: ...rement method yellow 50 m equipped with flat cable winder L9843 52 Measurement Cable for precise measurement method red 50 m equipped with flat cable winder L9844 Measurement Cable for earthing termin...

Страница 68: ...ly read the following safety notes DANGER Mishandling during use could result in injury or death as well as damage to the instrument Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in...

Страница 69: ...esult in minor or moderate injury to the operator or damage to the instrument or malfunction IMPORTANT Indicates information related to the operation of the instrument or maintenance tasks with which...

Страница 70: ...tronic Equipment Directive WEEE Directive in EU member states Indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EU Directive Accuracy We define measurement tolerances in terms of f s f...

Страница 71: ...measurement environment Doing so could result in a serious accident This instrument conforms to the safety requirements for CAT II 300 V measuring instruments CAT II When directly measuring the electr...

Страница 72: ...8 Safety Notes T Outlet CAT II Internal Wiring Distribution Panel Service Entrance Service Drop CAT IV Power Meter CAT III Fixed Installation...

Страница 73: ...ument under such conditions could result in an electric shock Replace the test leads and cables with those specified by our company WARNING Do not short circuit between two lines to be measured with t...

Страница 74: ...o corrosive or combustible gases Exposed to a strong electromagnetic field or electrostatic charge Near induction heating systems such as high frequency induction heating systems and IH cooking equipm...

Страница 75: ...od are sharp Be careful to avoid injury Precautions during measurement WARNING Use only the specified measurement cables or test leads Using a non specified cable may prevent safe measurement If the i...

Страница 76: ...during shipment CAUTION During shipment of the instrument handle it carefully so that it is not damaged due to a vibration or shock To avoid damage to the instrument be sure to remove the accessories...

Страница 77: ...esistance measurement ranges are extended to 115 of each of the measurement ranges This is useful especially for evaluation of resistances of approximately 10 and 100 that are important for earthing e...

Страница 78: ...rcuit is protected and the improper connection is warned by sounding the buzzer 7 Semi dust proof construction The moving parts such as MEASURE button switches resistance dial etc are dust proofed sim...

Страница 79: ...mes and Functions 1 3 Parts Names and Functions Front 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 14 13 12 15 p 25 Do not press the button of the instrument with a sharp object Doing so may damage the button 1 2 3 4 5 6...

Страница 80: ...the operator to read the measured resistance value 6 Galvanometer Displays the value of current that flows through the galvanometer during earth resistance measurement 7 Battery effective range Allows...

Страница 81: ...f instructions and the instrument s specifications Back 16 17 18 16 Battery cover screw Binding head screw M3 6 17 Battery cover Remove this cover for replacing the batteries 18 Serial number label Do...

Страница 82: ...ying Case as shown in the figure below Measurement cable black Model FT3151 Winders Auxiliary earthing rod Instruction manual Store the winder in the carrying case with the knob folded Do not store co...

Страница 83: ...del Z5022 Shoulder Strap 1 5 Attaching Model Z5022 Shoulder Strap The optional Z5022 Shoulder Strap is useful for taking the instrument out of the carrying case and for carrying the instrument 1 2 3 4...

Страница 84: ...20 Attaching Model Z5022 Shoulder Strap...

Страница 85: ...rument to the primary side of a breaker Doing so can cause a short circuit which allows large current to flow causing a serious accident Connect the test lead to the instrument first and then to the a...

Страница 86: ...bles and test leads Connect measurement cords or test leads to the terminals securely If a terminal is loose the contact resistance will increase resulting in overheating equipment burnout or a fire W...

Страница 87: ...ent for repair Is there any foreign material sand etc inside the measurement terminals Remove all foreign materials if any If it cannot be removed the instrument needs to be repaired Does the needle o...

Страница 88: ...rt circuit their tips 3 Press MEASURE button to check that the measured value is approximately 0 If the measured value is not approximately 0 The measurement cables or test leads have not been fully i...

Страница 89: ...foreign material remains inside It may cause failure There are two types of measurement method for earth resistance precision measurement method 3 pole method and simplified measurement method 2 pole...

Страница 90: ...ate measurement cannot be carried out because it is significantly affected by noise In general measurement of large scale earthing electrode requires a large measurement current of approximately 20 A...

Страница 91: ...t their base The tips of the auxiliary earthing rods are sharp Be careful to avoid injury To ensure safe operation use only the accessory cables The cables are hardened in freezing temperatures Do not...

Страница 92: ...ation while pulling out the measurement cables 3 At the location where the measurement cable yellow has been fully pulled out insert the auxiliary earthing rod into the ground and connect the measurem...

Страница 93: ...Set the Poles selector to 3 Setting the measurement frequency Select the measurement frequency between 575 Hz and 600 Hz by switching the Hz selector Usually set the frequency to 575 If the needle of...

Страница 94: ...ASURE button is pressed no earth voltage can be measured Although the needle of the galvanometer may move or go off scale high this is not a defect If the earth voltage is 10 V or more measure the the...

Страница 95: ...the auxiliary earth resistance If the needle remains in the vicinity of the zero point auxiliary earth resistance poses no problem 1 Checking earthing condition of auxiliary earthing rod H C Set the r...

Страница 96: ...he Poles selector 2 will cause an incorrect measured value As shown in 3 3 Measuring Range and Tolerances p 48 each influence creates error The total value of intrinsic uncertainty and influence quant...

Страница 97: ...the input a warning tone beep will sound In this case immediately disconnect the leads and check the outlet again This instrument can output a voltage of approximately 50 V Dry the instrument before...

Страница 98: ...earth system called TT method If auxiliary earthing rods cannot be inserted the earth resistance is obtained with use of an existing low earthing resistor as an auxiliary electrode In this method the...

Страница 99: ...surement object E and then connect terminal H C to the grounded side of a commercial power supply Measurement terminal Measuring cable Object to be connected E Black Measurement object E S P Not conne...

Страница 100: ...g measurement set the frequency to 600 Switching the measurement frequency enables the instrument to be less affected by a harmonic earth voltage Battery check Set the range selector to the mark press...

Страница 101: ...esistance check is not required When the range selector is set to H or S and the MEASURE button is pressed the needle of the galvanometer may move or go off scale high however this is not a defect The...

Страница 102: ...he ground and pour a sufficient amount of water on it Take some time until the water penetrate the ground sufficiently 2 Connect the measurement cables as shown in the illustration using the clip to c...

Страница 103: ...e earth net and pour water over it Before measurement allow some time for the water to well soak into the concrete As an alternative to the earth net a metal plate or aluminum foil may be used However...

Страница 104: ...een band of the scale the auxiliary earth resistance is within 7 k If check results are unsatisfactory Drive the auxiliary earthing rods deeply into the ground and water the entire area with a suffici...

Страница 105: ...he auxiliary earthing rods S P and H C at a sufficiently large distance from the earthing body E To determine the proper distance perform measurement at several points bringing the auxiliary earthing...

Страница 106: ...xiliary earthing rod H C This will help to reduce measurement errors 5 m 5 m 29 S P H C E How to insert pull out the auxiliary earthing rods How to insert the auxiliary earthing rods The accessory aux...

Страница 107: ...a hard metal bar etc other than the auxiliary earthing rod through the loop part of the auxiliary earthing rod and pull the auxiliary earthing rod while turning it Pulling the auxiliary earthing rod...

Страница 108: ...oltage levels below 10 V For this reason if an earth voltage of more than about 5 V is detected another electrical equipment should be turned off or the equipment should be disconnected to eliminate t...

Страница 109: ...1557 5 Operating temperature and humidity 0 C to 40 C 32 F to 104 F 80 RH or less no condensation Storage temperature and humidity 10 C to 50 C 14 F to 122 F 80 RH or less no condensation Dust proofne...

Страница 110: ...stance 0 to 1150 Earth voltage 0 V to 30 V Output voltage AC without DC component overlapped less than or equal to 1 of AC RMS component Open circuit voltage Less than 50 V AC rms Measurement current...

Страница 111: ...d terminals E and H C Operable number of times 1100 times Measurement condition 30 second measurement 30 second pause cycle 3 pole method 575Hz earth resistance of the auxiliary earthing rod is 100 me...

Страница 112: ...ss Earth resistance Range selector 1 10 100 Measurement range 10 100 1000 Display range 0 to 11 5 0 to 115 0 to 1150 Fiducial value 10 100 1000 Tolerance intrinsic uncertainty A 0 25 2 5 f s 2 5 2 5 f...

Страница 113: ...frequency of 400 Hz Tolerance 5 0 Effect of auxiliary earth resistance E5 Exceeding 0 to 100 RA but less than or equal to 5 k By S H check Tolerance 1 0 RA Total earth resistance value between main gr...

Страница 114: ...50 Measuring Range and Tolerances Earth voltage Range selector V Measurement range 30 V Measuring range 0 V to 30 V Tolerance 3 0 f s Effect of temperature Tolerance 1 0 0 C to 40 C...

Страница 115: ...o ensure that the instrument provides correct measurement results of the specified accuracy Calibrations The calibration period varies depending on the status of the instrument or installation environ...

Страница 116: ...es To prevent instrument damage or an electric shock use only the screws for securing the battery cover in place that shipped with the product If you have lost any screws or find that any screws are d...

Страница 117: ...ifferent types of batteries Be careful to observe the battery polarity during installation Do not use batteries after their recommended expiry date Do not leave depleted batteries inside the instrumen...

Страница 118: ...move the cover of the battery compartment sliding it in direction A as shown in the illustration 4 Replace all of the six batteries with fresh ones 5 Reattach the cover of the battery compartment slid...

Страница 119: ...is suspected check 4 5 Before Returning for Repair p 56 before contacting your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller When transporting the instrument be sure to observe the following precautions T...

Страница 120: ...asurement range Check the earthing condition of the earth electrode The needle of the galvanometer goes off scale to the left The measurement leads may be broken or the ground line may not be connecte...

Страница 121: ...by a power company The result measured with the 2 pole measurement method is larger than the expected resistance value As for the 2 pole measurement method of the FT3151 the accuracy of the 1 range is...

Страница 122: ...58 Before Returning for Repair...

Страница 123: ...ctromotive force occurs in the opposite direction to the current interfering with correct measurement Thus a rectangular wave or a sine wave with a frequency of between several tens heltzes and 1 kHz...

Страница 124: ...t that has been connected to the earthing electrode superimposes over the signal to be detected by the earth tester affecting measured values In addition if the earth resistance of the auxiliary earth...

Страница 125: ...s E and S P is given by Ex the resistance between the measurement terminal E and the slider S of the variable resistor by Rs and the voltage drop at the variable resistor by Es if the galvanometer is...

Страница 126: ...he 3 pole method applies Rx Ro Rs n Thus the earth resistance can be found by adding the earth resistance of the existing earthing body Ro to the earth resistance of the measurement object Rx In addit...

Страница 127: ...16 01 EN...

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