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4
SYNCHRONISATION OF CURRENT SIGNALS
To ensure accuracy of the calculation of the differential current, the locally derived current values and the values
derived from inputs at remote terminals must be aligned to a common time reference before the differential
calculations are made. This process is called ‘Time Alignment’ or ‘Synchronisation’
Synchronism could be achieved by using accurate time signals from sources such as atomic clocks or the Global
Positioning Satellite (GPS) system. This product can synchronise using a GPS input, and this is recommended for
schemes using communications that may be subject to switching. For many applications, however, this is not
necessary, and the product can self-synchronise using a technique known as “ping-pong”.
Note:
GE Multi-ended line differential relays support only ping-pong synchronisation.
4.1
TIME ALIGNMENT USING PING-PONG TECHNIQUE
The following figure demonstrates the ping-pong technique for a two-terminal protection scheme. the two
terminals are referred to as “End A” and “End B”.
E02606
sampling instants of relay A
sampling instants of relay B
Propagation delay time from relay A to B
Propagation delay time from relay B to A
time between the arrival of message tA1
at relay B and despatch of message tB3
arrival time of message tA1 at relay B
the measured sampling time of tB3 by relay A
Measure sampling time
tB3* = (tA - tp2)
Propagation delay time
tp1 = tp2 = 1/2 (tA* - tA1 - td)
Digital communications link
Current vec
tors
Current vectors
tA1, tA2
tB1, tB2
tp1
tp2
tA*
tB*
tB3*
td
End A
End B
A
B
tp2
tp1
td
tA1
tA2
tA3
tB3*
tA*
tA4
tA5
tB1
tB2
tB3
tB4
tB5
tB*
tA1
tA1
td
tB3
X
X
Protected line
Figure 36: Ping-pong measurement for alignment of current signals
Chapter 6 - Current Differential Protection
P54A/B/C/E
106
P54xMED-TM-EN-1
Содержание P4A
Страница 2: ......
Страница 20: ...Contents P54A B C E xviii P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 27: ...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...
Страница 28: ...Chapter 1 Introduction P54A B C E 2 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 38: ...Chapter 1 Introduction P54A B C E 12 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 39: ...CHAPTER 2 SAFETY INFORMATION ...
Страница 40: ...Chapter 2 Safety Information P54A B C E 14 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 52: ...Chapter 2 Safety Information P54A B C E 26 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 53: ...CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE DESIGN ...
Страница 54: ...Chapter 3 Hardware Design P54A B C E 28 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 86: ...Chapter 3 Hardware Design P54A B C E 60 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 87: ...CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESIGN ...
Страница 88: ...Chapter 4 Software Design P54A B C E 62 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 99: ...CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION ...
Страница 100: ...Chapter 5 Configuration P54A B C E 74 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 120: ...Chapter 5 Configuration P54A B C E 94 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 121: ...CHAPTER 6 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ...
Страница 122: ...Chapter 6 Current Differential Protection P54A B C E 96 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 149: ...CHAPTER 7 AUTORECLOSE ...
Страница 150: ...Chapter 7 Autoreclose P54A B C E 124 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 207: ...CHAPTER 8 CB FAIL PROTECTION ...
Страница 208: ...Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection P54A B C E 182 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 219: ...CHAPTER 9 CURRENT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...
Страница 220: ...Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions P54A B C E 194 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 244: ...Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions P54A B C E 218 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 247: ...CHAPTER 10 VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...
Страница 248: ...Chapter 10 Voltage Protection Functions P54A B C E 222 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 261: ...CHAPTER 11 FREQUENCY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...
Страница 262: ...Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions P54A B C E 236 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 268: ...Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions P54A B C E 242 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 269: ...CHAPTER 12 MONITORING AND CONTROL ...
Страница 270: ...Chapter 12 Monitoring and Control P54A B C E 244 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 300: ...Chapter 12 Monitoring and Control P54A B C E 274 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 301: ...CHAPTER 13 SUPERVISION ...
Страница 302: ...Chapter 13 Supervision P54A B C E 276 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 312: ...Chapter 13 Supervision P54A B C E 286 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 323: ...CHAPTER 14 DIGITAL I O AND PSL CONFIGURATION ...
Страница 324: ...Chapter 14 Digital I O and PSL Configuration P54A B C E 298 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 336: ...Chapter 14 Digital I O and PSL Configuration P54A B C E 310 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 337: ...CHAPTER 15 FIBRE TELEPROTECTION ...
Страница 338: ...Chapter 15 Fibre Teleprotection P54A B C E 312 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 354: ...Chapter 15 Fibre Teleprotection P54A B C E 328 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 355: ...CHAPTER 16 ELECTRICAL TELEPROTECTION ...
Страница 356: ...Chapter 16 Electrical Teleprotection P54A B C E 330 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 366: ...Chapter 16 Electrical Teleprotection P54A B C E 340 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 367: ...CHAPTER 17 COMMUNICATIONS ...
Страница 368: ...Chapter 17 Communications P54A B C E 342 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 439: ...CHAPTER 18 CYBER SECURITY ...
Страница 440: ...Chapter 18 Cyber Security P54A B C E 414 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 457: ...CHAPTER 19 INSTALLATION ...
Страница 458: ...Chapter 19 Installation P54A B C E 432 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 469: ...5 2 CASE DIMENSIONS 60TE E01409 Figure 197 60TE case dimensions P54A B C E Chapter 19 Installation P54xMED TM EN 1 443 ...
Страница 471: ...CHAPTER 20 COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS ...
Страница 472: ...Chapter 20 Commissioning Instructions P54A B C E 446 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 513: ...CHAPTER 21 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ...
Страница 514: ...Chapter 21 Maintenance and Troubleshooting P54A B C E 488 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 530: ...Chapter 21 Maintenance and Troubleshooting P54A B C E 504 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 531: ...CHAPTER 22 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...
Страница 532: ...Chapter 22 Technical Specifications P54A B C E 506 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 558: ...Chapter 22 Technical Specifications P54A B C E 532 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 559: ...APPENDIX A ORDERING OPTIONS ...
Страница 560: ...Appendix A Ordering Options P54A B C E P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 565: ...APPENDIX B SETTINGS AND SIGNALS ...
Страница 566: ...Appendix B Settings and Signals P54A B C E P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 790: ...Appendix B Settings and Signals P54A B C E B224 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 835: ...APPENDIX C WIRING DIAGRAMS ...
Страница 836: ...Appendix C Wiring Diagrams P54A B C E P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Страница 849: ......