4 General principles
16
Fig. 4.2: Sound path of the signal in the flow direction
Fig. 4.3: Sound path of the signal against the flow direction
Fig. 4.4: Transit time difference
∆
t
transducer (emitter)
flow direction
of the fluid
sound path without flow
sound path with flow
pipe wall
α
β
γ
c
α
c
α
c
γ
c
β
transducer (receiver)
distance reduction
in the transducer
flow direction
of the fluid
sound path without flow
sound path with flow
α
β
γ
c
α
c
α
c
γ
c
β
distance increase
in the transducer
pipe wall
transducer (receiver)
transducer (emitter)
∆
t
signal in the
flow direction
signal against
the flow direction
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