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FEASA LED ANALYSER
FUNCTIONAL VERSION

User Manual for Feasa Functional Models

Feasa Enterprises Ltd,

Holland Road,

National Technology Park,

Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.

www.feasa.ie

Email:

[email protected]

Rev. 8.7 Functional Version

Date: September 2020

Содержание 10-F

Страница 1: ...IONAL VERSION User Manual for Feasa Functional Models Feasa Enterprises Ltd Holland Road National Technology Park Castletroy Limerick Ireland www feasa ie Email sales feasa ie Rev 8 7 Functional Versi...

Страница 2: ...s The Feasa 20 FB is a High Brightness 20 channel unit which will test up to 20 LED s while the Feasa 3 FB is a 3 channel High Brightness unit testing up to 3 LED s The Feasa 20 LT is a Life Tester 2...

Страница 3: ...getHSI Get Hue Saturation and Intensity 26 getxy Return the xy Chromaticity values 27 getxyi Return the xy Chromaticity Relative Intensity values 28 getCIEXYZ Return the CIE 1931 XYZ Colour values 29...

Страница 4: ...4 getWAVELENGTHOFFSET Get the Dominant Wavelength Offset 65 set putABSINTMULT Set the Absolute Intensity Multiplier Factor 66 getABSINTMULT Get the Absolute Intensity Correction Factor of the Led unde...

Страница 5: ...quenceThreshold Get the Intensity Threshold 101 GetSequenceStartDelay Get the delay before the CS command 102 Daisy Chain Mode 103 Daisy Chain USB Wiring Method 103 Daisy Chain Serial RS232 Wiring Met...

Страница 6: ...ained to interpret the data from an RGB Led These outputs will require the use of the Feasa Led Spectrometer Emitted Light from the LEDs is guided through these Fiber Optic Light Guides to the Analyse...

Страница 7: ...information on the Led Analyser Please refrain from using Set commands in your high volume production programs as this constant writing to the Flash will eventually corrupt the Led Analyser Use the P...

Страница 8: ...of Saturation is NOT part of the International System of Units and is not an absolute or traceable unit of colour measurement It is part of the Hue Saturation and Relative intensity HSI system of des...

Страница 9: ...13 240 238 99 Yellow 76 171 8 95 96 Orange 224 28 2 7 99 White 71 72 112 See Page 13 21 Figure 2 The RGB or Hue values are used to identify different Colour LEDs Every LED tested by the LED Analyser...

Страница 10: ...ipped from the factory in Logarithmic mode See set putlog and set putlin commands to determine how to set the mode of the analyser Use the getintensitymode command to determine which intensity measure...

Страница 11: ...FEASA LED ANALYSER FUNCTIONAL VERSION Figure 3b Intensity for the LED Analyser in LINEAR Mode Back to Index 11...

Страница 12: ...ic with the answer 1 The Analyser can be set in this mode by using the command setphotopic1 The photopic mode can be set for a radiometric response by sending the command setphotopic2 This corrects th...

Страница 13: ...e LED s vary significantly with values of 30 being typical Remember the Saturation value is an indication of how white the LED is The correct values must be determined experimentally with the particul...

Страница 14: ...ing White LED s The Saturation is a value between 0 and 100 A pure white will have a value close to 0 while a pure colour will have a value close to 100 The Pass Fail limits for intensity are chosen f...

Страница 15: ...pin connector with the Serial and Power cables supplied and the USB connector is the mini usb again the cable is supplied with the unit Please refer to the Fixturing Guidelines Manual for connector p...

Страница 16: ...e Analyser The Green LED should turn on to indicate the Analyser is ready for use The default serial communications settings are 57 600 Baud 8 Data bits 1 Stop bit and No Parity The baud rate can be c...

Страница 17: ...the External Trigger Mode section of this manual for the programming details The layout of the Trigger Connector is shown above The trigger is activated on the Trigger Pin This pin has an internal pu...

Страница 18: ...am The Feasa LED Analyser USER Program is a graphical tool that can be used to send commands and receive results from the Analyser It allows one LED to be tested at a time This Program also allows a T...

Страница 19: ...internal memory of the LED Analyser The data is stored until the power is removed or another capture command is issued When completed the Analyser will transmit the character OK on the receive line to...

Страница 20: ...r This command instructs the LED Analyser to read and store the Colour and Intensity of all the LED s positioned under the fibers using a fixed range The range setting must be specified The data is st...

Страница 21: ...rrect settings required to execute the test This command uses the auto ranging feature and a pre set averaging factor to capture the LED data This command is useful if it is required to test very dim...

Страница 22: ...he results A larger Averaging factor will lead to more stable results but increased Test Times The averaging factor is a number in the range 1 15 If this number is omitted from the command the default...

Страница 23: ...set the required range for each declared individual fiber The getrange will return the range the user has enables for this fiber Example The DUT has 5 leds with 5 very different intensity values You...

Страница 24: ...n An over range condition will occur when too much light from the LED reaches the sensor for the range selected by the switch This will be indicated by 999 99 999 99999 for HSI 255 255 255 99999 for R...

Страница 25: ...nd instructs the LED Analyser to return RGB and Intensity data for fiber 01 20 in format rrr ggg bbb iiiii where rrr ggg and bbb are the red green and blue components of the Colour The iiiii value ind...

Страница 26: ...LED Analyser to return the Hue Saturation and Intensity data for fiber 01 20 in format hhh hh sss iiiii where hhh hh represents the Hue Colour sss represents the Saturation whiteness and iiiii repres...

Страница 27: ...his command is used for testing White LED s This command should be preceded by a capture command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of the LED Analyser The data for each LED can be read...

Страница 28: ...e LED under the Fiber number This command is used for testing White LED s This command should be preceded by a capture command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of the LED Analyser The...

Страница 29: ...ric Quantity is Luminous intensity in cd or the Luminance Head LUxx was used then the Photometric Quantity is Luminance in cd m 2 This can also be referred to as the Absolute Intensity The command get...

Страница 30: ...u v values are derived from the xy Chromaticity co ordinates including any xy offsets that may be applied This command should be preceded by a capture command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the...

Страница 31: ...LED under the Fiber number This command should be preceded by the capture C command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of the LED Analyser The C1 C5 commands are available but are not a...

Страница 32: ...Wavelength for the LED under the Fiber number This command should be preceded by the capture C command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of the LED Analyser The C1 C5 commands are avail...

Страница 33: ...d is used to get the value of the Dominant Wavelength for the LED under the Fiber number This command should be preceded by the capture C command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of th...

Страница 34: ...ature CCT for the LED under the Fiber number This command should be preceded by the capture command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of the LED Analyser The data for each LED can be re...

Страница 35: ...value for the LED under the Fiber number This command should be preceded by a capture command to ensure valid LED data is stored in the memory of the LED Analyser The data for each LED can be read ou...

Страница 36: ...under test at Fiber This command should only be used in conjunction with the Feasa LED Spectrometer Absolute Intensity values must first be measured with the Spectrometer The LED Analyser must then be...

Страница 37: ...ight Description This command is used to get the level of Intensity in percentage terms for each range for the LED under the Fiber number This command should be preceded by a capture command to ensure...

Страница 38: ...e default value is 01 Description This command is used to get the exposure factor value for all Fibers The default value set at the factory are 01 The values can be adjusted by the SetFactor command E...

Страница 39: ...o interrogate the digit displayed on the first 7 Segment Display send the command get7seg1 to the LED Analyser The LED Analyser will return the digit displayed The LED Analyser will return the charact...

Страница 40: ...ode OFF or type getautopwm and the Analyser will report 0 Set a fiber over a Led to test and do an Auto Capture C If its a non pwm Led the Analyser will report useable data for HSI RGB or XY as reques...

Страница 41: ...y in Logarithmic Mode However it is possible to change the mode to Linear by using the commands set putlin To reset the analyser back to log mode use the command set putlog Refer to pages 10 11 of thi...

Страница 42: ...s shipped from the factory in photopic mode 1 This corrects the Absolute Intensity to reproduce the photometric response for lm mcd This can be verified by typing the command getphotopic with the answ...

Страница 43: ...21600 for USB Port Description This command will get the baud rate of the Serial and USB Port s that the Analyser is communication through The default Port settings of the Analyser are 57 600 8 Data b...

Страница 44: ...n Transmit Receive getHW Feasa XX YY Where XX YY is an alphanumeric value Description This command will return the hardware version the Analyser Example The PC transmits gethw to the LED Analyser an i...

Страница 45: ...Selected calibration set 00 user calibration date dd mm yyyy Factory calibration date dd mm yyyy Description This command will return a summary of the Led Analyser details Example The PC transmits ge...

Страница 46: ...ption This command will return the Serial Number of the Analyser This is a unique number and is useful if multiple LED Analysers are used in a System The Controlling Software can query each LED Analys...

Страница 47: ...smit Receive getVersion xxxx Where xxxx is an alphanumeric value Always 4 characters Description This command will return the Version Number of the firmware in the Analyser Example The PC transmits ge...

Страница 48: ...aving EOT character enabled can be extremely useful in multi line commands since this allows to differentiate between the end of a line and the end of a transmission The EOT command is disabled by def...

Страница 49: ...nd only to store relevant information on the Led Analyser Please refrain from using Set commands in your high volume production programs as this constant writing to the Flash will eventually corrupt t...

Страница 50: ...ntensity readings For Example Capture Range Factor 01 Intensity Factor 05 Intensity Factor 10 Intensity Factor 15 Intensity C3 High 22ms 23K 110ms 50K 220ms 64K 330ms 72K Try using the lowest capture...

Страница 51: ...rithmic mode All Analysers shipped from the factory are set in Log mode Please refer to the Intensity Section of this document page 8 Intensity The set command is stored permanently in memory and can...

Страница 52: ...ar mode All Analysers shipped from the factory are set in Log mode Please refer to the Intensity Section of this document page 8 Intensity The set command is stored permanently in memory and can only...

Страница 53: ...r will not respond Please disconnect and reconnect the Analyser to return the Analyser to the default 57600 bps A correct baud rate selected will remain stored in memory even after power off The comma...

Страница 54: ...t your fiber over a Led and do an Auto Capture C If its a standard Led the Analyser will report useable data for HSI RGB or XY as requested However if the LED is actually a PWM Led the Analyser will d...

Страница 55: ...Absolute Intensity to reproduce the photometric response for lm mcd This can be verified by typing the command getphotopic with the answer 1 The photopic mode can be set to a radiometric response by...

Страница 56: ...or offsets as necessary for your other version of the board and proceed to test your version 02 of the board The user calibration date for each set can be saved also Before doing the Calibration we re...

Страница 57: ...xoffset 0 setyoffset 0 7 Absolute Intensity Reading for Fiber getabsint Absolute Intensity Correction Factor setabsintmult 1 00000e 00 set the multiplier to 1 capture auto manual pwm getabsint get the...

Страница 58: ...ome of the Fibers to give the same Intensity when testing similar LED s The Factory default setting is 100 and the value for each Fiber can be adjusted from 050 200 These set values are stored permane...

Страница 59: ...represents the Intensity gain value Default 100 Description This command is used to get the Intensity gain value for each Fiber The default values set at the factory are 100 i e 100 of nominal The val...

Страница 60: ...on volatile memory and will remain at the programmed setting until changed by a new Setxoffset command This put command is used to set an offset to the displayed x Chromaticity value The limit of the...

Страница 61: ...on volatile memory and will remain at the programmed setting until changed by a new Setyoffset command This put command is used to set an offset to the displayed y Chromaticity value The limit of the...

Страница 62: ...ffset Description This command is used to return the x Chromaticity offset for the LED under the Fiber number The value of this offset must be set by the setxoffset command The default value is 0 000...

Страница 63: ...ffset Description This command is used to return the y Chromaticity offset for the LED under the Fiber number The value of this offset must be set by the setyoffset command The default value is 0 000...

Страница 64: ...main at the programmed setting until changed by a new setwavelengthoffset command This put command is used to set an offset to the wavelength value The limit of the offset is 99 This command is useful...

Страница 65: ...command is used to get the value of the Dominant Wavelength Offset set for Fiber number The range of value that can be programmed is 99 however setting a value of greater than 10 would probably indic...

Страница 66: ...s a number in the range 01 20 m mmmmme mm represents the Absolute Intensity Multiplier Factor Description The command setabsintmult m mmmmme mm directs the LED Analyser to set the Absolute Intensity M...

Страница 67: ...r in the range 01 20 e represents the Absolute Intensity Correction Factor Description This command will allow the user to interrogate the Led Analyser to return the absolute Intensity Correction Fact...

Страница 68: ...BRATION stores the Calibration sets both on RAM and on EEPROM stays after power cycle but limits the number of set command operations to 100K The command PUTCALIBRATION only stores them on RAM and the...

Страница 69: ...le of storing fifty one 51 separate user Calibration sets on the board The command SETCALIBRATION stores the Calibration sets both on RAM and on EEPROM stays after power cycle but limits the number of...

Страница 70: ...mand resetusercal resets the selected Calibration set to factory default The command resets Absolute intensity factors to 0 Relative intensity gains to 100 xy and dominant wavelength offsets to 0 User...

Страница 71: ...n a specific calibration set Description This command will reset the RGB calibration values of the RGB calibration mode to 0 for a particular fiber or for all fibers in a Calibration set The Led analy...

Страница 72: ...mand is used in conjunction with the user calibration set mode These dates are stored permanently in memory and can only be changed by using the setcalibrationdate command again The command getcalibra...

Страница 73: ...e actual USER Calibration Date in the format dd mm yyyy This is the date set by the user for a specific cal version Example Connect the Analyser to the Terminal Window and using the getcalibrationdate...

Страница 74: ...board The user calibration date for each set can be saved also Feasa provide a program called UserCal on the CD to accomplish this process Before doing the RGB calibration we recommend you select the...

Страница 75: ...ee details below Where is as follows 00 Disable Trigger 01 Capture1 or C1 Range Low 02 Capture2 or C2 Range Medium 03 Capture3 or C3 Range High 04 Capture4 or C4 Range Super 05 Capture5 or C5 Range Ul...

Страница 76: ...on the number of fibers used during the test If all 20 fibers of a 20 Channel Analyser are used the maximum number of captures that can be stored is 3500 If a single fiber is used then the number of c...

Страница 77: ...ve putsequencecapture100 100ms Capture Time depends on the Led Intensity putsequencewait100 100ms Wait time between captures putsequencenumber0050 50 The number of captures or samples to store 4 Perfo...

Страница 78: ...lected up to 9999 captures can be stored in memory If putsequencemode0 is selected the number of captures is limited to 3500 putsequencemode commands are stored in RAM memory while setsequencemode com...

Страница 79: ...pture putsequencewait and putsequencenumber should be issued before this command The Analyser can store up to 9999 captures in memory when this mode is selected putsequencechannel commands are stored...

Страница 80: ...ired to determine the correct Capture Time because it depends on the brightness level of the LED s being tested If the Capture Time is too short the Analyser may indicate an under range condition and...

Страница 81: ...lliseconds This Wait time is set for all Fiber Channels enabled by the setSequencemode or putSequencemode command PutSequencewait PutSequencewait commands are stored in RAM memory while SetSequencewai...

Страница 82: ...r of samples that can be stored is 3500 If the setsequencemode or putsequencemode is set to 1 then the number of stored samples increases to 9999 PutSequencenumber PutSequencenumber commands are store...

Страница 83: ...in an automotive Indicator The timing sequence can be read out using the command getsequencetimes PutSequencethreshold commands are stored in RAM memory while SetSequencethreshold commands are stored...

Страница 84: ...the external trigger mode PutSequencestartdelay commands are stored in RAM memory while SetSequenceStartDelay commands are stored in Flash memory Example The PC transmits setsequencestartdelay100 or p...

Страница 85: ...ntensity results of each capture up to the number of captures specified by the setsequencenumber or putsequencenumber command The execution time for this command will depend on the time set for each c...

Страница 86: ...be stored This feature allows the Analyser to identify patterns by comparing them against patterns stored in memory The setsequencemode setsequencechannel setsequencenumber sequencecapture sequencenum...

Страница 87: ...ed by a number in the range 00 20 Up to 21 patterns can be stored This feature allows the Analyser to identify patterns by comparing them against patterns stored in memory The setsequencemode setseque...

Страница 88: ...00 20 all represents the all sequence patterns stores in the Analyser max 21 patterns Description This command resets the sequence pattern number The pattern is identified by a number in the range 00...

Страница 89: ...tern stored previously Description The pattern is identified by a number in the range 00 20 Up to 21 patterns can be stored This feature allows the user to recall a stored pattern from memory If you h...

Страница 90: ...r than the threshold value are converted to binary 1 s while Intensities less than the threshold are converted to binary 0 s The threshold value is set by the command putsequencethreshold or setsequen...

Страница 91: ...Description This command returns three time intervals for Fiber The times are in milliseconds and represent the time the LED is off at the beginning the on time and the off time at the end of the seq...

Страница 92: ...Fiber The times are in milliseconds and represent the time the LED is off at the beginning the on time and the off time at the end of the sequence A valid capturesequence command must be issued before...

Страница 93: ...in the range 01 20 fff f Hz represents the Frequency in Hertz Xxx x represents the Duty Cycle in Percentage Description This command reports the Frequency in Hertz and the Duty Cycle in of the Led un...

Страница 94: ...range i e the LED is off and 99999 will represent over range or the LED is too bright xxxxx ms Represents the time in ms after the sequence capture has started when the maximum or minimum intensity me...

Страница 95: ...uty Cycle in Percentage y yyyyyy represents the Flicker Index fff f Hz represents the Flicker Frequency in Hertz Description This command reports the Flicker Duty Cycle Flicker Index and Frequency of...

Страница 96: ...r Fibers Transmit Receive getsequencemode 0 or 1 Where represents the sequence mode and is a number in the range 0 1 To determine which sequence mode is set use the command getsequencemode It will ret...

Страница 97: ...de Fiber No Transmit Receive getsequencechannel 01 to 20 Where 01 20 represents the Fiber Number and is in the range 01 20 To determine which Fiber Number is set use the command getsequencechannel It...

Страница 98: ...eive getsequencecapture xx ms or xxx ms Where represents the capture time in milliseconds 01 99 represents the capture time in milliseconds 001 999 To determine which Capture Time is set use the comma...

Страница 99: ...encewait xx ms or xxx ms Where xx represents the wait time in milliseconds 00 99 xxx represents the wait time in milliseconds 000 999 To determine what Wait Time between Sequence Captures is set to us...

Страница 100: ...er of Captures Transmit Receive getsequencenumber xxxx Where xxxx represents the number of captures stored To determine the number of Sequence Captures stored use the command getsequencenumber It will...

Страница 101: ...ansmit Receive getsequencethreshold xxxxx Where xxxxx represents the Intensity threshold To determine the minimum Intensity level acceptable as a PASS use the command getsequencethreshold It will retu...

Страница 102: ...eceive getsequencestartdelay xxx Where xxx represents the delay in milliseconds To determine the delay in milliseconds before the sequence capture is initiated use the command getsequencestartdelay It...

Страница 103: ...lify the wiring The 1st Led analyser in the chain is connected to the computer using the USB cable supplied The remaining LED Analysers are interconnected in a Daisy Chain Bus using the cables provide...

Страница 104: ...computer using the Serial cable supplied The remaining LED Analysers are interconnected in a Daisy Chain Bus using the cables provided The Daisy Chain OUT connector on Led Analyser No1 is connected t...

Страница 105: ...rry out this The LED Analyser connected to the computer receives a command and this command is received by all the other LED Analysers through the Daisy Chain Bus All Analysers in the chain are active...

Страница 106: ...is command should be issued at the start of a sequence It is the responsibility of the Controlling Computer to issue commands and monitor the responses If an Analyser does not respond within 500mSec t...

Страница 107: ...BusFree command All the Capture Set Get etc commands can now be used with the active Analyser in the chain It is the responsibility of the Controlling Computer to issue commands and monitor the respon...

Страница 108: ...e a capture sequence using the Automatic Range Mode To specify a Range manually see the command BusC on the next page After the capture cycle use the command BusGet to activate a specific LED Analyser...

Страница 109: ...ranges lead to faster test times because the exposure time is shorter This command should be preceded by a BusFree command This command instructs all LED Analyser s in the Daisy Chain to capture and s...

Страница 110: ...the results A larger Averaging factor will lead to more stable results but increased Test Times The averaging factor is a number in the range 1 15 If this number is omitted from the command the defau...

Страница 111: ...If reply is 1 Then Capture is complete If reply is 0 No Capture No reply Led Analyser is busy Timeout 10mS Description This command is used to verify that after a busc global capture each Analyser in...

Страница 112: ...in the chain The Power Connector is used to supply 5V DC to each Analyser in the chain Allow 220mA 5V for each Analyser and ensure the wiring is adequate to supply the current without incurring large...

Страница 113: ...Figure 11 Figure 11 shows the layout of the Connectors viewed from the edge of the board The GND line of D_OUT is connected with the GND line of D_IN the RX_out of D_OUT is connected to RX_in of D_IN...

Страница 114: ...ct Daisy_Out of s nF461 to Daisy_In of s nF201 Connect Daisy_Out of s nF201 to Daisy_In of s nF006 5 Next locate the 2 pin Power cable supplied to s n F461 s n F201 and s n F006 Analysers It is necess...

Страница 115: ...3 s n F201 send the following busfree OK Response from the Analyser busgetF201 OK Response from the Analyser 12 It is possible to instruct all Analysers in the chain to capture LED data simultaneousl...

Страница 116: ...etserial Confirm s n of the Analyser F304 gethsi01 Get the Data for Fiber 1 000 51 100 36491 gethsi02 gethsi20 120 51 100 66542 Data for Fiber 20 busfree OK busceF461 1 busgetF461 Connect to the next...

Страница 117: ...FEASA LED ANALYSER FUNCTIONAL VERSION 117 Begin OK Serial Number First Serial BUSFREE BUSC OK BUSCE Answer Serial Number Next serial End Serial End NO YES 1 NO NO YES YES...

Страница 118: ...components of the light in decimal format in the range 000 to 255 The iiiii value indicates the intensity value of the light in the range 00000 to 99 999 4 Alternatively the Led Analyser may also be q...

Страница 119: ...ised to 100 at 100 modulation When the modulation has been reduced to 50 i e the LED is off 50 of the time the relative Intensity drops to approximately 80 At 20 modulation the LED is off 80 to the ti...

Страница 120: ...data for all fibers The LED Analyser will respond with the Characters OK indicating that the command has been completed 3 To read back the RGB and Intensity of the LED under fiber xx send the command...

Страница 121: ...d on the first 7 Segment Display send the command get7seg1 to the LED Analyser The LED Analyser will return the digit displayed The LED Analyser will return the character X when the displayed value is...

Страница 122: ...hromaticity and Intensity values getCCT Get Colour Temperature for LED getWI Get Wavelength Intensity for LED getWSI Get Wavelength Saturation Intensity for LED getUV Get the u v Chromaticity values g...

Страница 123: ...o PWM Capture mode getautopwm Verify if the Analyser is in Auto capture or Autopwm capture mode setabsintmulti m mmmmme mm Set the Absolute Intensity Correction Factor of the Led under test getabsintm...

Страница 124: ...PASS in CS mode getSequence Get the Intensity Value in 1 s or 0 s based on threshold set by user setsequencestartdelay Set a delay time in mSec before executing a CS getsequencestartdelay Get the del...

Страница 125: ...ollowing Software and Documentation packages are available on this CD The contents of the CD can be installed automatically to a designated Windows Folder FEASA LED Analyser The following folders can...

Страница 126: ...FEASA LED ANALYSER FUNCTIONAL VERSION User Software Back to Index 126...

Страница 127: ...FEASA LED ANALYSER FUNCTIONAL VERSION Test Software Back to Index 127...

Страница 128: ...FEASA LED ANALYSER FUNCTIONAL VERSION User Calibration Back to Index 128...

Страница 129: ...FEASA LED ANALYSER FUNCTIONAL VERSION Programming Back to Index 129...

Страница 130: ...ns 145mm x 54mm x 39 mm L x W x H Dimensions 104mm x 54mm x 39 mm L x W x H does NOT include Fiber bend Radius Plastic Fiber Length 0 6m Plastic Fiber Diameter 1 0mm Fiber Core Diameter 0 5mm Fiber Be...

Страница 131: ...lue 450nm 5nm Yellow 590nm 2nm These accuracy s are based on the Led Analyser being calibrated at a point in time against known set values Capture Test Times Auto Range 350ms Range 1 Low Intensity 650...

Страница 132: ...e purchase price upon prompt return of the product to Feasa 4 Feasa products may contain re manufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use 5 The warrant...

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