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Analyzing the Results Manually

168

FTB-700 Series

Getting Attenuation (Two-Point and Least-Square Approximation)

Getting Attenuation (Two-Point and 

Least-Square Approximation)

A two-point attenuation measurement gives the reduction in Rayleigh 
backscatter level as a function of distance (always expressed in dB/km to 
follow the standards of the fiber-optic industry) between two selected 
points. Only those two points are used to perform the calculation and there 
is no averaging.

The least-square approximation (LSA) method measures the attenuation 
(loss over distance) between two points by fitting a straight line in the 
backscatter data between markers

A

 and

B

. The LSA attenuation 

corresponds to the difference in power (

Δ

dB) over the distance between 

two points.

The LSA method, when compared to the two-point method, gives an 
average measurement and is more reliable when there is a high level of 
noise. However, it should not be used if an event such as an echo appears 
between the two markers.

Содержание FTV-700 series

Страница 1: ...User Guide OTDR for FTB 1 FTB 700 Series...

Страница 2: ...other rights of third parties that may result from its use No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO EXFO s Commerce And Government Entities CAGE code under th...

Страница 3: ...Timer 16 4 Preparing Your OTDR for a Test 17 Installing the EXFO Universal Interface EUI 17 Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers 18 Naming Trace Files Automatically 20 Enabling or Disabling the Fir...

Страница 4: ...or Disabling the Confirmation of Fault Finder File Name 76 Enabling or Disabling the Storage Feature 78 Enabling or Disabling the First Connector Check for Fault Finder 79 Enabling or Disabling the T...

Страница 5: ...ng the Attenuation of Fiber Sections 142 Setting the Analysis Detection Thresholds 144 Analyzing or Reanalyzing a Trace 147 Analyzing the Fiber on a Specific Fiber Span 149 Enabling or Disabling the D...

Страница 6: ...gnment of Unidirectional Traces 213 Using Zoom Controls 217 Using Markers to Edit Events 221 Inserting Events 223 Modifying Events 227 Deleting Events 231 Changing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections 23...

Страница 7: ...Centers Worldwide 286 A Technical Specifications 287 B Description of Event Types 289 Span Start 290 Span End 290 Short Fibers 290 Continuous Fiber 291 End of Analysis 292 Non Reflective Event 293 Ref...

Страница 8: ...ance verification tests are systematically performed on most EXFO equipment Information Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European Union The EN61326 standard prescribes...

Страница 9: ...or Measurement Control and Laboratory Use Part 1 General Requirements EN 61326 1 2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use EMC Requirements Part 1 General requirements EN 60...

Страница 10: ......

Страница 11: ...s The optical time domain reflectometer OTDR provides an inside view of the fiber and can calculate fiber length attenuation breaks total return loss and splice connector and total losses OTDR port si...

Страница 12: ...OTDR Offers impressive dynamic range with short dead zones Performs quick acquisitions with low noise levels to enable accurate low loss splice location Acquires OTDR traces made of up to 256 000 poin...

Страница 13: ...n testing a large number of fibers Reference trace documentation is also automatically copied to new acquisitions Fault Finder Rapidly locates fiber ends and displays the length of the fiber under tes...

Страница 14: ...hat came with your product on a computer to view and analyze traces without having to use an FTB 1 and an OTDR You can also access more features such as customized printout batch printing conversion o...

Страница 15: ...faults An OTDR then detects and analyzes the backscattered signals The signal strength is measured for specific intervals of time and is used to characterize events The OTDR calculates distances as f...

Страница 16: ...transmitter is called backscattering Fresnel reflections occur when the light traveling down the fiber encounters abrupt changes in material density that may occur at connections or breaks where an a...

Страница 17: ...unless you understand and meet the required conditions CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury Do not proceed unless you underst...

Страница 18: ......

Страница 19: ...it may be hazardous if you use optics within a diverging or collimated beam Do not view directly with optical instruments WARNING Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active Nev...

Страница 20: ......

Страница 21: ...a flat surface such as a table 3 Place the module on the platform making sure that the bumpers and the shorter sides of the module are flush with those of the platform If necessary slightly move the...

Страница 22: ...ving Test Modules 4 Using a flat screwdriver turn the screws 4 clockwise until they are tightened This will secure the module into its seated position When you turn on the unit the startup sequence wi...

Страница 23: ...Exit Mini ToolBox and turn off your unit 2 Position the unit so that its front panel rests on a flat surface such as a table 3 Using a flat screwdriver turn the screws 4 counterclockwise until they ar...

Страница 24: ...Series Inserting and Removing Test Modules 4 Hold the module by its sides NOT by the connectors and pull it up CAUTION Pulling a module by its connectors could seriously damage both the module and con...

Страница 25: ...ured and controlled from their dedicated applications in Mini ToolBox To start a module application From Mini ToolBox at the bottom of the window press the button corresponding to the desired applicat...

Страница 26: ...screen resolution the appearance of your OTDR application may vary slightly from the illustrations presented in this user guide Timer Once the acquisition has begun a timer is displayed on the right...

Страница 27: ...type connectors To install an EUI connector adapter onto the EUI baseplate 1 Hold the EUI connector adapter so the dust cap opens downwards 2 Close the dust cap in order to hold the connector adapter...

Страница 28: ...follows 2a Gently wipe the fiber end with a lint free swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol 2b Use compressed air to dry completely 2c Visually inspect the fiber end to ensure its cleanliness IMPORTANT To...

Страница 29: ...ure that it is fully fitted into the port s corresponding notch 4 Push the connector in so that the fiber optic cable is firmly in place thus ensuring adequate contact If your connector features a scr...

Страница 30: ...e will remain available for the next trace you acquire This function is particularly useful when working in Template mode or when testing multiple fiber cables If you deactivate the automatic file nam...

Страница 31: ...te one file per wavelength for example TRACE001_1310 sor and TRACE001_1550 sor if you included both 1310 nm and 1550 nm in your test The native format contains all wavelengths in a single file To conf...

Страница 32: ...Press the button appearing next to the Fiber ID box to change the contents of the fiber identification 6 Change the criteria as needed then press OK to confirm your new settings and return to the Def...

Страница 33: ...n change the order of apparition with the up and down arrow buttons 9 Press OK to confirm your new settings This preview is updated automatically as you make your selections Items that can be included...

Страница 34: ...ed to verify that the fibers are properly connected to the OTDR It verifies the injection level and displays a message when an unusually high loss occurs at the first connection which could indicate t...

Страница 35: ...550 nm The unit will identify a macrobend when comparing two loss values if Of the two loss values the greater loss occurred at the greater wavelength AND The difference between the two loss values ex...

Страница 36: ...e Only the combinations of wavelengths your module can support will be available For more significant results EXFO recommends to always select the combination of wavelengths including the smallest pos...

Страница 37: ...d to modify other parameters go to Advanced mode see Testing Fibers in Advanced Mode on page 31 and Preparing Your OTDR for a Test on page 17 In Auto mode the application will automatically evaluate t...

Страница 38: ...is displayed and events appear in the events table The application will also display status messages if you have selected to display pass fail messages see Setting Pass Fail Thresholds on page 47 You...

Страница 39: ...TDR supports singlemode singlemode live or multimode wavelengths under Wavelengths from the list select the desired fiber type for live fiber testing select SM Live for C fiber select 50 m and for D f...

Страница 40: ...the button bar The application will use a file name based on the autonaming parameters you defined see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and a...

Страница 41: ...ntly connected to the unit The pulse width will be determined using a factory defined signal to noise ratio SNR requirement specified where the End of Fiber EoF event has been detected The EoF event d...

Страница 42: ...e the acquisition is complete or interrupted the analysis starts for acquisitions of 5 seconds or more After analysis the trace is displayed Events appear both in the events table and in the linear vi...

Страница 43: ...page 36 4 If you want to set your own IOR group index RBS coefficient or helix factor see Setting the IOR RBS Coefficient and Helix Factor on page 37 5 Go to the OTDR tab 6 If you want to test in hig...

Страница 44: ...sition Time on page 39 10 Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is enabled a message will appear if there is a problem with the injection level see Enabling or Disabling...

Страница 45: ...you save a file From this dialog box you can change the location the file name and the file format 11a If necessary change the folder to which the file will be saved by pressing the Location button 1...

Страница 46: ...nge acquisition time for the OTDR to average acquisitions over a set time period The application uses this value to determine the best settings for the test Note In Template mode the acquisition time...

Страница 47: ...on determines a default value for each wavelength You can set the IOR value for each available wavelength You should verify this information before each test The Rayleigh backscatter RBS coefficient r...

Страница 48: ...s OR Enter your own values in the boxes for each available wavelength Note You cannot define a different helix factor for each wavelength This value takes into account the difference between the lengt...

Страница 49: ...e of the predefined values You can customize the available distance range values see Customizing the Acquisition Distance Range Values on page 92 If you select Auto the application will evaluate the f...

Страница 50: ...sition Time Values on page 94 In addition to the displayed values the following time modes are available Real used to immediately view changes in the fiber under test In this mode the SNR of the trace...

Страница 51: ...ction marker will go to that value immediately If you want the application to provide automatic acquisition values move at least one dial to the Auto position The other dials are automatically set acc...

Страница 52: ...sition Time To use the same pulse and acquisition time for all wavelengths 1 From the button bar press OTDR Setup then go to the Acquisition tab 2 Select the Apply settings to all wavelengths box The...

Страница 53: ...ure you should use a longer averaging time to maintain a signal to noise ratio SNR that will be equivalent to the one you would have got with the standard resolution Note You can use high resolution w...

Страница 54: ...etup 2 Go to the Acquisition tab 3 Select the High resolution acquisition box Note If your OTDR supports singlemode singlemode live or multimode wavelengths the high resolution feature will be activat...

Страница 55: ...ch trace immediately after the acquisition or perform the analysis whenever it suits you best When the analysis process is disabled the Event table of a newly acquired trace will be empty You can also...

Страница 56: ...bar press OTDR Setup 2 Go to the Analysis tab 3 If you want the OTDR to automatically analyze an acquired trace select the Automatically analyze data after acquisition box If you clear the check box...

Страница 57: ...velength By default the application provides threshold values for the following wavelengths 1310 nm 1383 nm 1390 nm 1410 nm 1490 nm 1550 nm 1625 nm and 1650 nm However if you work with files containin...

Страница 58: ...n analyzing or reanalyzing a trace when you open a trace file Values that are greater than the predefined thresholds are displayed in white on a red background in the events table The Pass Fail thresh...

Страница 59: ...to set thresholds 3 Select the boxes corresponding to the thresholds that you want to use and enter the desired values in the appropriate fields Note If you no longer want the application to take int...

Страница 60: ...other wavelengths proceed as follows 5a Press the Copy to Other Wavelengths button 5b Select the boxes corresponding to the wavelengths for which you want to use the same thresholds Note You can use...

Страница 61: ...ory Settings button 3 When the application prompts you confirm the modification with Yes All threshold values of all wavelengths are returned to their default values except for thresholds that are ass...

Страница 62: ...available events is set to 10 and therefore does not necessarily reflect the actual number of events displayed When you set a distance value for the span start or end the application searches for a ne...

Страница 63: ...Go to the Position box and enter the desired value using the distance units displayed to the right of the field Under Span end indicate whether the span end position is from the fiber span start or f...

Страница 64: ......

Страница 65: ...te mode concept is to acquire a reference trace template add information and comments on the current job then save the trace For a more accurate reference trace you can update it with new events that...

Страница 66: ...ictions of Template Mode To speed up trace acquisition in Template mode certain restrictions apply The parameters used to acquire the reference trace are automatically applied when acquiring subsequen...

Страница 67: ...at least two events span start and span end and a fiber section Acquisition mode Reference trace must not be acquired in Real mode see Setting Distance Range Pulse Width and Acquisition Time on page 3...

Страница 68: ...dvanced test mode If you want to test using high resolution you will have to select this feature before acquiring the reference trace For more information see Testing Fibers in Auto Mode on page 27 or...

Страница 69: ...d see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and at the top of the linear view table Note The application will only display the Save File dialog box...

Страница 70: ...ports ensure that you connect the fiber to the appropriate port singlemode singlemode live or multimode depending on the wavelength you intend to use 2 When the application prompts you select the tra...

Страница 71: ...3b Select the Create Ref Template tab If necessary select Create reference trace to update your reference trace for the next acquisitions This mode will use the first 15 traces or less if you stop the...

Страница 72: ...tup to return to the main window 3e If you selected Create reference trace at step 4b update your reference trace as follows 3f Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is e...

Страница 73: ...vents detected for each wavelength 4a Press OK to close the dialog box Note You can only add events to the reference trace during reference update Note If you chose the Keep all events feature for the...

Страница 74: ...se they exist on the reference trace Question marks identify events found on the main trace that do not exist on the reference trace Numbers will be assigned to new events when the trace is analyzed A...

Страница 75: ...s you defined see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and at the top of the linear view table Note The application will only display the Save Fil...

Страница 76: ...d according to the option you selected at step 3c Perform acquisitions in Template mode as follows 6a Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is enabled a message will appe...

Страница 77: ...naming parameters you defined see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and at the top of the linear view table Note The application will only disp...

Страница 78: ...ee Opening Trace Files on page 155 Note The following procedure will be useful if you did not select a reference trace file when the Open Reference Trace File dialog box appeared during the activation...

Страница 79: ...re traces in Fault finder mode 1 Clean the connectors properly see Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers on page 18 2 Connect a fiber to the OTDR port If your unit is equipped with two OTDR ports ens...

Страница 80: ...rom the Port list specify to which port you connected your fiber 4 Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is enabled a message will appear if there is a problem with the i...

Страница 81: ...e application will only display the Save File dialog box if you have activated the feature to always be prompted when you save a file and if you did not disable the storage features From the Save File...

Страница 82: ...l be incremented or decremented according to your selection as follows After saving a result the unit prepares the next file name by incrementing or decrementing the suffix Note If you choose not to s...

Страница 83: ...on 3 From the Autonaming Setup dialog box set the parameters If you want the variable part to increase each time a file is saved select Increment If you want it to decrease select Decrement 4 Press OK...

Страница 84: ...e format for Fault Finder and one default file format for the other OTDR modes By default traces are saved in native trc format but you can configure your unit to save them in Bellcore sor format You...

Страница 85: ...File Format for the Fault Finder Traces To select the default file format 1 From the button bar press Quick Save 2 From the Save File dialog box select the desired format 3 Press OK to save your file...

Страница 86: ...application prompts you to confirm the file name Note The file name confirmation parameter used in Fault Finder mode is independent from the one used in the other OTDR modes Auto Advanced and Templat...

Страница 87: ...ou want to confirm file name each time you press Quick Save select the Always show confirmation window on save check box OR If you never want to be prompted clear the check box Note You can also disab...

Страница 88: ...rform quick tests without having to save the results you may prefer to hide the Quick Save button To enable or disable the storage feature 1 From the button bar press Setup then go to the General tab...

Страница 89: ...the OTDR It verifies the injection level and displays a message when a unusually high loss occurs at the first connection which could indicate that no fiber is connected to the OTDR port By default t...

Страница 90: ...er To enable or disable the first connector check 1 From the button bar press Setup then select the General tab 2 To enable the first connector check select the First connector check check box OR To d...

Страница 91: ...le it if you prefer using an external keyboard Note Hiding or displaying the touchscreen keyboard in Fault Finder mode has no effect on the way the touchscreen keyboard will be used in the other OTDR...

Страница 92: ...an display or hide the grid appearing on the graph s background By default the grid is displayed the file name in the trace display The file name appears at the top of the trace display By default the...

Страница 93: ...play parameters 1 From the button bar press the Setup button then select the General tab 2 Select the check boxes corresponding to the item you want to display on the graph OR To hide them clear the c...

Страница 94: ...ting the Distance Units You can select the distance units that will be used in the application The default distance units are the kilometers Note The distance units used in Fault Finder mode are indep...

Страница 95: ...your display 1 From the button bar select Setup 2 From the Setup window select the General tab 3 From the Distance units list select the item corresponding to the desired units 4 Press Exit Setup You...

Страница 96: ......

Страница 97: ...he unit will create one file per wavelength for example TRACE001_1310 sor and TRACE001_1550 sor if you included both 1310 nm and 1550 nm in your test The native format contains all wavelengths in a si...

Страница 98: ...he new format The next files will be saved in the new format Enabling or Disabling File Name Confirmation By default each time you save a file the application prompts you to confirm the file name The...

Страница 99: ...o confirm file name each time you press Quick Save select the Always show confirmation window on save check box OR If you never want to be prompted clear the check box Note You can also disable the co...

Страница 100: ...e units are the kilometers Note If you select Kilometers km or Kilofeet kft m and ft may appear instead to display more precise measurements Note The distance units used in Auto Advanced and Template...

Страница 101: ...From the button bar press OTDR Setup 2 From the OTDR Setup window select the General tab 3 From the Distance units list select the item corresponding to the desired distance units 4 Press Exit OTDR S...

Страница 102: ...ote This function is available in Advanced mode only You can customize the values associated with the Distance dial Once the customization is complete you are ready to set the distance range value for...

Страница 103: ...the Custom Acquisition Parameters button 3 If your OTDR supports singlemode or filtered wavelengths specify the desired fiber type 4 From the Distance list select the value you want to modify the valu...

Страница 104: ...d with the Time dial The acquisition time values represent the time during which the OTDR will average acquisitions Note The Auto and Real values cannot be modified You can customize the acquisition t...

Страница 105: ...TDR Setup then the Acquisition tab 2 Press the Custom Acquisition Parameters button 3 From the Time list select the value you want to modify the value will become highlighted then press the Edit butto...

Страница 106: ...e it if you prefer using an external keyboard Note Hiding or displaying the touchscreen keyboard in Auto Advanced and Template modes has no effect on the way the touchscreen keyboard will be used in t...

Страница 107: ...end detection linear view Note You cannot hide the optional features if you purchased the software package To display or hide the optional features 1 From the button bar press OTDR Setup 2 In the Gene...

Страница 108: ......

Страница 109: ...reanalyze existing traces For information on the various file formats you can open with the application see Opening Trace Files on page 155 There are many ways to view the results Graph view Linear vi...

Страница 110: ...displayed trace Some items in the trace display are always visible while others will appear only if you choose to display them The contents of the graph area changes according to the selected tab The...

Страница 111: ...can view all of the traces in turn in both the Trace Info pane and the trace display with the navigation buttons For more information see Displaying or Hiding a Trace on page 124 Each wavelength is d...

Страница 112: ...resents a fiber section Bubbles and lines will be displayed in colors green for pass red for fail grey or black for events and fiber sections appearing outside the current fiber span Otherwise all eve...

Страница 113: ...pan start The linear view cannot be displayed when the events table is empty Traces must have been analyzed before you can see them in the linear view If you configured the application to show the mac...

Страница 114: ...case Continuous fiber will be displayed instead When you select an element in the summary table element is highlighted if you double tap or press Enter on the unit s keypad the application automatica...

Страница 115: ...will appear at the bottom of the summary table If no macrobends were detected the application displays No macrobend has been detected instead of the information on the macrobends If the traces that ha...

Страница 116: ...r view optional are displayed You can view information about all detected events on a trace and fiber sections by scrolling through the events table In graph view when you select an event in the event...

Страница 117: ...ll display a tooltip identifying the item for example Non reflective fault In the case of a merged event you will also see details about the sub events The tooltip displays any comment that you have i...

Страница 118: ...distance units you selected are not the kilometers This follows the standards of the fiber optic industry that provides the attenuation values in dB per kilometers Cumul Cumulative loss from the trac...

Страница 119: ...locate an event in the events table 1 Ensure that the button is selected in the zoom button bar 2 Select the event on the trace The list scrolls automatically to the event you selected Graph Event no...

Страница 120: ...rkers section You can drag them directly from the trace display You can also move the markers using the left right arrows Selecting marker A or B will move the a A or B b pair For more information on...

Страница 121: ...le below gives an overview of the information that is available in each case As soon as a trace is displayed new acquisition or existing file zoom controls are available see Using Zoom Controls on pag...

Страница 122: ...itions are complete the application will automatically switch to the defined default view see Selecting the Default View on page 113 If you prefer that the graph remains in full screen after the acqui...

Страница 123: ...nced Template a particular view can be displayed View OTDR modes for which view is available Remarks Graph Auto Advanced Template Default view For more information see Graph View on page 100 Linear Au...

Страница 124: ...tup to return to main window The application will automatically switch to the selected view when you perform the next acquisitions Summary table Auto Advanced This table gives for each wavelength the...

Страница 125: ...you work in full screen mode see Displaying the Graph in Full Screen on page 111 if you want to view the event table without having to go back in normal view mode To display the event table after acq...

Страница 126: ...window select the General tab 3 Under Application options select Zoom in automatically on defined fiber span to automatically zoom on the fiber span in the trace display when a trace is opened or sele...

Страница 127: ...onding buttons or let the application automatically adjust the zoom on the currently selected event from the events table only available when the events window is displayed You can quickly zoom in on...

Страница 128: ...mode the zoom factor and marker positions correspond to those of the reference trace If you want the application to automatically zoom on the defined fiber span see Automatically Zooming in on the Fi...

Страница 129: ...e you want to zoom on the graph with the stylus or your finger The application automatically adjusts the zoom by a factor 2 around the point that was pressed To revert to the complete graph view Press...

Страница 130: ...lay the graph with a black invert color feature or a white background By default the background is white Note The application always generates graphs with a white background in the reports the zoom wi...

Страница 131: ...From the button bar press the OTDR Setup button then select the General tab 2 Select the boxes corresponding to the item you want to display on the graph OR To hide them clear the boxes 3 Press Exit...

Страница 132: ...lay Launch level In the events table the Launch Level event is represented by the icon In the Att column the injection level value for that event is identified by the symbol You can hide the injection...

Страница 133: ...Event Table To customize the events table appearance 1 From the OTDR Setup window select the Event Table tab 2 Select the boxes corresponding to the item you want to display or include in the table OR...

Страница 134: ...well as multiwavelength traces You can select the fibers and the wavelengths for multiwavelength files that will be available when using the navigation button You can also specify which trace will be...

Страница 135: ...trace cannot be displayed with the navigation button In multiwavelength trace files you can show or hide traces independently 3 From the list of traces select the row corresponding to the trace you w...

Страница 136: ...can clear that trace and start over To clear traces from the display 1 From the button bar press Storage 2 From the Storage dialog box press Clear Main or Clear Reference If you had already acquired o...

Страница 137: ...ble in Advanced mode You can modify the index of refraction IOR also known as group index Rayleigh backscatter RBS coefficient and helix factor for the displayed trace Modifications you make are only...

Страница 138: ...width used to perform the acquisition Time Duration either in minutes or seconds of the acquisition Span length Measured length of the total fiber span between span start and span end Span loss Total...

Страница 139: ...ex If you modify this parameter the distance measurements for the trace will be adjusted You can enter an IOR value directly or let the application calculate it with the distance between span start an...

Страница 140: ...race Info tab 2 Press the Fiber Settings button 3 Enter the desired values for the current trace in the appropriate boxes OR If you want to revert a particular item to its default value press the Defa...

Страница 141: ...ion calculate the IOR value as a function of the distance between span start and span end press Set IOR by Distance then enter the distance value 4 If you want to save the modified IOR RBS and helix F...

Страница 142: ...end of analysis launch level merged events span start span end In the case of a reflective event you can also specify whether the event corresponds to an echo a possible echo or no echo Note If you wa...

Страница 143: ...markers you can define a new location for the selected event You can reposition all markers directly by dragging them or by pressing where you want to relocate them on the graph Selecting marker A or...

Страница 144: ...e Using Markers on page 161 4 Position marker B after the end of the event where the trace returns to a regular loss inside the fiber and submarker b to the right of marker B as far as possible from m...

Страница 145: ...p down arrows of the Echo status list Note Select if you want to indicate that the event is not an echo 6 Press OK to accept the modifications you have made or Cancel to return to the events table wit...

Страница 146: ...t detect it because it is hidden in the noise or because the splice loss is lower than the minimum detection threshold see Setting Pass Fail Thresholds on page 47 You can add this event to the events...

Страница 147: ...es where the event will be inserted Use the marker arrows to move marker A on the trace display 3 Once you have determined the location under Event use the up down arrows next to the box to select the...

Страница 148: ...ction launch level end of fiber span start span end Note The End of fiber event indicates the span end that was set for the first analysis of the trace not the span end assigned to another event or di...

Страница 149: ...Traces and Events OTDR 139 Deleting Events To delete an event 1 Select the event you want to delete 2 Press Delete 3 When the application prompts you press Yes to confirm the deletion or No to keep t...

Страница 150: ...event indicates that a comment has been added This way you can locate rapidly the events you have customized To insert a comment 1 Select the event on which you want to insert a comment 2 From the Eve...

Страница 151: ...nd Events OTDR 141 Managing Comments To delete a comment 1 Select the event on which you want to delete a comment 2 From the Events tab press Edit Comments 3 From the Edit Comments dialog box delete t...

Страница 152: ...uation value of fiber sections Note If you want to modify events see Modifying Events on page 132 To modify the attenuation of a fiber section 1 From the event table select the fiber section 2 Press t...

Страница 153: ...markers serve only to set the new attenuation value Their actual locations will not be modified Fiber section loss and attenuation are displayed respectively in the Loss LSA and Att LSA boxes 4 Press...

Страница 154: ...e events into loss events or detect reflective events that could be harmful to network and other fiber optic equipment End of fiber threshold To stop the analysis as soon as an important event loss oc...

Страница 155: ...ith the threshold set to 0 05 dB two events are displayed at distances corresponding to the location of the first and second splices Threshold at 0 1 dB Only the first splice is displayed as the thres...

Страница 156: ...et the parameters Enter the desired values in the appropriate boxes OR Select the default settings by pressing Default 4 Press Exit OTDR Setup The analysis detection thresholds you have just set are a...

Страница 157: ...r Disabling Analysis After Acquisition on page 45 reanalyze a trace acquired with a previous version of the software re create the events table if it was modified perform a Pass Fail test if enabled f...

Страница 158: ...em for setting the span start and end markers on the trace On the first analysis this dialog box is not displayed and the default span start and end are applied See Setting a Default Span Start and Sp...

Страница 159: ...he first analysis or reanalysis performed upon trace acquisition To set a fiber span 1 From the main window go to the Events tab 2 Define the span event location by moving marker A along the trace usi...

Страница 160: ...he span end at this point Note The detection of reflective ends of fiber is only performed when you test at singlemode wavelengths Once you have selected the option the detection will be performed aut...

Страница 161: ...e reflective fault located in the noisy area a a The cumulative loss value will remain the same for all elements appearing after the event on which the span end was set according to the conventional a...

Страница 162: ...to the Event Table tab IMPORTANT The analysis will stop as soon as the loss of an event crosses the end of fiber EoF threshold The application will mark the event as an end of fiber event In this cas...

Страница 163: ...or Disabling the Detection of Reflective Ends of Fiber 3 If you want to enable the option under End of Fiber parameters select the Reflective end of fiber detection box OR If you prefer to disable the...

Страница 164: ...in trace you may want to interchange main and reference traces When you swap traces the application will provide a new set of events corresponding to the new main trace To swap traces 1 From the butto...

Страница 165: ...les simultaneously each containing several traces In Automatic mode you can open a trace file for viewing only Consequently you cannot select a trace as main or reference trace Note You cannot open bi...

Страница 166: ...will automatically zoom in on the event that was selected for the second trace Markers that are displayed correspond to those of the selected event Trace that has been saved with a manual zoom Applic...

Страница 167: ...er settings of the reference file to all traces main and reference For detailed information on compatibility between EXFO s file formats and software versions see OTDR Trace File Compatibility on page...

Страница 168: ...r the selected trace will be used as the main or the reference trace You can select another file from the list and set the trace as the main or reference trace according to your needs 5 Press OK You r...

Страница 169: ...by using the same measurement methods as the analysis that is the four point event loss and the A B LSA attenuation Note This function is not available in Auto mode because you do not have access to t...

Страница 170: ...select the attenuation and loss values that will be displayed 1 From the button bar press OTDR Setup then go to the General tab 2 Press the Measurement Method button 3 Select which values you want to...

Страница 171: ...eft arrow buttons to move the marker along the trace You can also move it with the left right arrows from the keypad Note You can also select the marker directly on the trace display and drag it to th...

Страница 172: ...able You can retrieve the position of an event as well as the distance between events manually You can also display various relative power readings Distances and relative powers correspond to the X ax...

Страница 173: ...ion in Rayleigh backscatter RBS caused by this event Event loss can result from both reflective and non reflective events Two loss calculations are provided simultaneously the four point event loss an...

Страница 174: ...line to the backscatter data within the two regions defined by markers a A and b B that is over the regions to the left and to the right of the event bordered by markers A and B respectively The two...

Страница 175: ...reduction in power dB over the distance between the two markers as calculated from the slope of the fitted line Although this method works fairly well for splice loss it is clearly not appropriate fo...

Страница 176: ...Results section press Loss Markers a A B and b appear on the graph 3 Zoom in and position marker A at the end of the linear area preceding the event to be measured For more information see Using Zoom...

Страница 177: ...e end of the linear area following the event to be measured must not include any significant events Note The loss values that are displayed depend on which calculation methods are selected see Selecti...

Страница 178: ...nly those two points are used to perform the calculation and there is no averaging The least square approximation LSA method measures the attenuation loss over distance between two points by fitting a...

Страница 179: ...n see Using Markers on page 161 4 Zoom in on the trace and fine tune the marker positioning if necessary For more information see Using Zoom Controls on page 117 Note There should not be any events be...

Страница 180: ...Refl button Markers a A and B appear on the graph 3 Zoom in and position marker A on the linear area preceding the event to be measured For more information see Using Zoom Controls on page 117 and Us...

Страница 181: ...the total fiber span depending on the option you have selected in the Setup window Optical return loss ORL refers to the total effect of multiple reflections and scattering events within a fiber optic...

Страница 182: ......

Страница 183: ...lete trace files you must use the File Manager utility Saving a Trace in a Different Format With the OTDR application you can save traces in native trc and Bellcore sor formats By default the applicat...

Страница 184: ...tibility OTDR Trace File Compatibility The table presented hereafter shows the compatibility between the format of a specific trace and the software that you may use to open that trace Symbols used in...

Страница 185: ...or earlier Convb b Should be reanalyzed to view the events table X X X Conva Conva Conva ToolBox 6 7 to 6 20 Convc c Data should be saved in FTB 300 ftb300 format and reanalyzed to view the events tab...

Страница 186: ...g Moving Renaming or Deleting Trace Files Copying Moving Renaming or Deleting Trace Files If you want to copy move rename or delete trace files you will have to process the files manually via File Man...

Страница 187: ...you access the report to add information to a newly acquired trace the template is automatically recalled eliminating repetitive documentation operations Note The information must be entered before a...

Страница 188: ...s been acquired or reopened press Identification 2 Enter the desired information Note The information in the Date Time Unit and Serial no boxes is provided by the application and cannot be edited 3 Pr...

Страница 189: ...format By default only the information related to the active trace is generated in a report but you can also generate all the traces the current file contains available in Advanced and Auto modes onl...

Страница 190: ...other table which contains the macrobend thresholds Note This table is global to the fiber and will be generated if the application has detected macrobends at any wavelength For example even if you ch...

Страница 191: ...the information of the current trace will be displayed By default this item is selected X X X Comments By default this item is selected X X X Link measurement Span loss Span length Average loss Averag...

Страница 192: ...to display fail or warning results from the OTDR setup and include the Event table item in your report X X X Graph You can select the Zoom item if you want the traces to be generated with the zoom fa...

Страница 193: ...select the report characteristics including whether you want to include the graphs or not Select the Include all traces item to generate a report for all traces wavelengths from the current file avail...

Страница 194: ...og box select a folder or create one to save your file 6 If desired modify the file name 7 Press Save to confirm You will automatically return to the main window IMPORTANT If you specify the name of a...

Страница 195: ...CAUTION Never connect a live fiber to the OTDR port without a proper setup Any incoming optical power ranging from 65 dBm to 40 dBm will affect the OTDR acquisition The way the acquisition will be aff...

Страница 196: ...end of the fiber under test to the OTDR port If your unit is equipped with two OTDR ports ensure that you connect the fiber to the appropriate port singlemode singlemode live or multimode depending on...

Страница 197: ...then will be off for the next second then be sent again for 1 second and so on If you want the OTDR to emit light in a flashing pattern select 1 kHz Blink or 2 kHz Blink 6 Under Source press Turn ON Y...

Страница 198: ......

Страница 199: ...ional analysis on two unidirectional OTDR traces For the application to be able to match events the two OTDR traces must have been acquired in opposite directions and on the same fiber span The applic...

Страница 200: ...ral sections with different types of fibers or fibers from different manufacturers Gainers and exaggerated losses result from the joining of two fibers of different mode field diameters MFD The mode f...

Страница 201: ...Starting and Exiting the Bidirectional Analysis Application The bidirectional analysis application is available from your unit To start the Bidirectional Analysis application 1 From Mini ToolBox go to...

Страница 202: ...holds and to configure options related to spans To switch from one wavelength to another available only when A B and B A traces contain multiple wavelengths To view the table of events corresponding t...

Страница 203: ...in the OTDR application before opening them with the bidirectional analysis application You can open unidirectional trace files to combine them into a bidirectional measurement file It is possible to...

Страница 204: ...generate the bidirectional measurement You can open traces of Telcordia Bellcore non EXFO version 200 format but you cannot reanalyze them However they can be used to generate the bidirectional measu...

Страница 205: ...an end of the B A trace is aligned with the span start of the A B trace If the application cannot match the traces perfectly error or warning messages will appear A message will be displayed if there...

Страница 206: ...trace file The next time you create a bidirectional measurement the application will suggest this path by default 2c Press the Browse button on the right of the B A file path box 2d Select the second...

Страница 207: ...a of the unidirectional traces and the bidirectional measurement one wavelength per bidirectional file Note The application will keep in memory the path to your bidirectional measurement file The next...

Страница 208: ...directional Measurement You can view in turn the bidirectional measurement as well as the unidirectional trace files When you create a bidirectional measurement using multiwavelength files you can als...

Страница 209: ...ion Optional OTDR 199 Displaying Traces and Bidirectional Measurement To switch from one wavelength to another From the main window use the buttons To switch from one wavelength to another available o...

Страница 210: ...ional OTDR application You can view the corresponding graphs see Graph View on page 201 and tables of events see Events Tab on page 204 as well as obtain more information about the status of the bidir...

Страница 211: ...nly if you choose to display them The contents of the graph area changes according to the selected direction and wavelength You can change trace display parameters such as the grid and zoom window dis...

Страница 212: ...ne result exceeds the thresholds and the span loss values A global status for the bidirectional measurement is also available The span length distance between span start and span end is also displayed...

Страница 213: ...ion for which the status is fail the Trace Info tab The application highlights the row corresponding to the first element span loss span length or span ORL for which the status is fail You can press t...

Страница 214: ...n will automatically select the event or fiber section corresponding to the point you press on the graph The events table lists all the events detected on the fiber An event can be defined as the poin...

Страница 215: ...stance between the OTDR and the measured event or between the event and the beginning of the fiber span OR Length of a fiber section distance between two events Attenuation loss distance of individual...

Страница 216: ...o tab If you want to modify events or fiber sections see Modifying Events on page 227 Inserting Events on page 223 and Changing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections on page 233 Event type detected see De...

Страница 217: ...TDR 207 Viewing Results To quickly locate an event in the events table 1 Ensure that the button is selected in the zoom button bar 2 Select the event on the trace The list scrolls automatically to the...

Страница 218: ...es see Displaying Traces and Bidirectional Measurement on page 198 However you can only modify the analysis settings for the current A B and B A traces not for the bidirectional measurement see Modify...

Страница 219: ...span end Span loss Total measured loss of the fiber calculated either between the span start and the span end or on the total fiber span depending on the settings you have chosen in the setup window A...

Страница 220: ...s whether or not the acquisitions were performed using the high resolution feature IOR Index of refraction of the displayed trace Backscatter Rayleigh backscatter coefficient of the displayed trace He...

Страница 221: ...fiber unless you have saved them see Saving the Span Start and Span End Information on page 242 The table below shows what happens when you start the analysis depending on the direction that is curre...

Страница 222: ...s and regenerate bidirectional measurement 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select the desired option depending on which trace you want to reanalyze 3 If you are working wi...

Страница 223: ...start and or span end of one or both of the unidirectional traces Keep in mind that when you modify the B A trace the trace is presented in the opposite direction of the A B trace and so are the even...

Страница 224: ...to be located in the noise peak detected at the end of the fiber span The end of fiber will be moved accordingly However if you move the span end back within the original fiber span the end of fiber...

Страница 225: ...e of the following methods Drag marker A to the desired span event location Use the left right arrows from the keypad to move marker A Enter a distance value in the Position box and press Use the sing...

Страница 226: ...ce the span start becomes event 1 and its distance reference becomes 0 For the A B trace the span end becomes the last event and its distance reference becomes 0 Only events between the span start and...

Страница 227: ...ts table You can also return to the original graph value Note You cannot move the markers with the button In the case of a multiwavelength file when you zoom in or out on the graph the application wil...

Страница 228: ...at 1625 nm Only the selected events of the bidirectional measurement will be saved along with the bidirectional file When you open an existing bidirectional file the application restores the zoom con...

Страница 229: ...Press and hold this button to select the zooming direction in the menu Then define the zoom area with the stylus or your finger a rectangle with dotted lines will appear to help you define the area O...

Страница 230: ...ent 1 From the main window select the Graph tab 2 Select the Events tab 3 Under Direction select the desired option 4 From the events table select the desired event 5 Press to automatically adjust the...

Страница 231: ...ogether To move a marker 1 If you intend to move the markers directly from the graph ensure that the button is selected in the zoom button bar 2 From the Edit tab press the buttons corresponding to th...

Страница 232: ...a distance value in the Position box and press Note Keep in mind that when you work with the B A trace the trace is presented in the opposite direction of the A B trace and so are the markers For exam...

Страница 233: ...e You can insert events in the events table manually This could be useful for example if you know that there is a splice at a given location but the analysis does not detect it because it is hidden in...

Страница 234: ...700 Series Inserting Events To insert an event 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 If desired you can select an item from the events table that is...

Страница 235: ...lable to help you place the event but only marker A identifies where the event will be inserted Define the new event location by using one of the following methods Enter a distance value in the Positi...

Страница 236: ...lculated automatically based on the position of the markers Reflectance values are only displayed for reflective event types reflective echo and possible echo 7 Press Insert to create the event or Can...

Страница 237: ...can change the position as well as the loss and reflectance reflective events only of almost any existing event except launch event You can modify the loss and reflectance values but not its position...

Страница 238: ...ying Events To modify an event 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 Select the event you want to modify 4 Press the Modify button Note If the Modify...

Страница 239: ...to modify another event instead press Cancel then change your selection Four markers are available to help you place the event but only marker A identifies where the event will be moved Define the new...

Страница 240: ...n the position of the markers Reflectance values are only displayed for reflective event types reflective echo and possible echo 7 Press Modify to accept the modifications you have made or Cancel to r...

Страница 241: ...regenerates the bidirectional measurement automatically to take into account the modifications you have made Almost any element can be deleted from the events table except end of analysis fiber sectio...

Страница 242: ...1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 Select the event you want to delete 4 Press Delete Note If the Delete button is not available that means you can...

Страница 243: ...ot those of the bidirectional measurement The application regenerates the bidirectional measurement automatically to take into account the modifications you have made You can change the attenuation va...

Страница 244: ...ing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections To modify the attenuation of a fiber section 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 Select the fiber section that...

Страница 245: ...to Edit Events on page 221 Note The markers serve only to set the new attenuation value Their actual locations will not be modified Fiber section loss and attenuation are displayed 6 Press Modify to...

Страница 246: ...e wavelengths The default distance units are the kilometers Note If you select Kilometers km or Kilofeet kft m and ft may appear instead to display more precise measurements Note The attenuation of fi...

Страница 247: ...yed the graph background You can display the graph with a black invert color feature or a white background By default the background is white Trace display mode You can choose the way the application...

Страница 248: ...onding to the item you want to display on the graph OR To hide them clear the boxes 3 Press Apply to confirm the changes then OK to return to the main window The changes are applied automatically To r...

Страница 249: ...in the displayed values If you activated the pass fail test see Setting Pass Fail Thresholds on page 243 span start and span end events will be taken into account when determining the status pass fai...

Страница 250: ...t You can display or hide the comments relative to a specific event Such comments would be displayed in a tooltip along with the details of the event type see Events Tab on page 204 A red triangle app...

Страница 251: ...tab 2 Select the boxes corresponding to the item you want to display or include in the table OR To hide them clear the boxes 3 Press Apply to confirm the changes then OK to return to the main window T...

Страница 252: ...e current span start and span end to a unidirectional trace when your reanalyze this trace To save the span start and or span end information or to deactivate the feature 1 From the Main Menu select S...

Страница 253: ...s will be applied to the results of the A B or B A traces as well as the bidirectional measurement with the corresponding wavelength By default the application provides threshold values for the follow...

Страница 254: ...il Values that are greater than the predefined fail thresholds are displayed in white on a red background in the events table The Pass Fail threshold LED located on the front of the unit will also ind...

Страница 255: ...ab 2 From the Wavelength list select the wavelength for which you want to set thresholds 3 Select the boxes corresponding to the thresholds that you want to use and enter the desired values in the app...

Страница 256: ...r several other wavelengths proceed as follows 4a Press the Copy to Other Wavelengths button 4b Select the boxes corresponding to the wavelengths for which you want to use the same thresholds Note You...

Страница 257: ...e Revert to Factory Settings button 3 When the application prompts you confirm the modification with Yes All threshold values of all wavelengths are returned to their default values except for thresho...

Страница 258: ...eters can be changed The fiber settings IOR Index of refraction of the displayed trace also known as group index If you modify this parameter the distance measurements for the trace will be adjusted Y...

Страница 259: ...ovides the default minimum and maximum threshold values Note The event detection thresholds are not available when you work with a trace in Telcordia Bellcore non EXFO version 200 format These detecti...

Страница 260: ...factory settings The fiber settings will be reset according to the current trace and the event detection thresholds will return to fixed default values To modify the trace analysis settings of the se...

Страница 261: ...efer to let the application calculate the IOR value as function of the distance between span start and span end select Fixed length instead then enter the distance value 5 Press Apply to confirm the c...

Страница 262: ...lect either A B or B A 3 Press the Trace Analysis Settings button 4 Press the Revert to Default Settings button 5 When the application prompts you select Yes to complete the operation 6 Press Apply to...

Страница 263: ...their complete data you can export them from the bidirectional file see Exporting Unidirectional Traces from Bidirectional Files on page 255 You will then be able to use them from the OTDR applicatio...

Страница 264: ...ional files 1 From the Main Menu select File Save 2 From the Save As dialog box select a folder or create one to save your file 3 If desired modify the file name 4 Press Save to confirm IMPORTANT If y...

Страница 265: ...measurement The files that you export are in native trc format that can be opened with the OTDR application Note Traces in Telcordia Bellcore EXFO version 200 format will also be exported to a native...

Страница 266: ...ge 193 OR Open an already existing file see Opening Existing Bidirectional Measurement Files on page 197 2 From the Main Menu select Export 3 Select either Export A B or Export B A 4 From the Save As...

Страница 267: ...page 259 The information you enter is saved along with the bidirectional file only The original A B or B A files will not be modified The information that you enter is specific to each wavelength and...

Страница 268: ...ly to confirm your changes then OK to return to the main window The information entered is saved and can be viewed or changed at any time using the same process To clear all the information from the T...

Страница 269: ...each of the events having a fail status with their wavelength Fail values are displayed in red results which comprise test parameters for A B and B A traces bidirectional summary results for events h...

Страница 270: ...193 OR Open an already existing file see Opening Existing Bidirectional Measurement Files on page 197 2 From the Main Menu select Export Report 3 From the Save As dialog box select a folder or create...

Страница 271: ...nit 1 Exit the OTDR Bidirectional application 2 From Mini ToolBox open File Manager 3 Go to the folder in which you have saved your report 4 Select the report you want to view and press image du bouto...

Страница 272: ......

Страница 273: ...n a clean and dry area Keep the unit out of direct sunlight Avoid high humidity or significant temperature fluctuations Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations If any liquids are spilled on or into th...

Страница 274: ...errule 2 Moisten a 2 5 mm cleaning tip with one drop of isopropyl alcohol alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly 3 Slowly insert the cleaning tip into the EUI adapter until it comes out on the ot...

Страница 275: ...onnector and ferrule are perfectly dry 6d Verify connector surface with a portable fiber optic microscope for example EXFO s FOMS or fiber inspection probe for example EXFO s FIP 7 Put the EUI back on...

Страница 276: ...at least 2 km of fiber to the OTDR output port 2 Set the distance range at 2 5 km and acquisition time at 180 seconds 3 Measure the deviation between a 10 ns pulse and a 30 ns pulse for each laser Th...

Страница 277: ...n the pulse width to the shortest value available and the acquisition time to 15 seconds 3 Evaluate the launch level at 0 km by extrapolating the linear region of the curve The launch level should be...

Страница 278: ...he fiber settings are accurate IOR Helix factor and RBS 2 Set the distance range to less than 2 km the pulse width to 10 ns and the acquisition time to 30 s 3 Take a distance measurement positioning m...

Страница 279: ...uncertainty as shown below Use A and B markers in the Measure pane This is the attenuation dead zone If the results exceed the maximum permitted specification refer to the calibration certificate that...

Страница 280: ...fiber length from that setup In all cases the fiber should have several sections longer than 2 km with no loss greater than 8 dB and with an average attenuation not exceeding 1 dB km Ensure the OTDR...

Страница 281: ...ive to the noise amplitude which is 5 2 dB If the result falls below the minimum permitted specification refer to the calibration certificate that came with your product you will observe a degradation...

Страница 282: ...flective events with a nominal loss of 0 5 dB should be present Join a series of fiber reels between the OTDR and the variable attenuator for a length of approximately 20 km Join another series of ree...

Страница 283: ...n reflective event method represents the amount of attenuation dB between the launch level and a 0 5 dB splice which can be detected and measured to an accuracy of 0 1 dB You can measure it by simply...

Страница 284: ...rval unless this has been previously agreed upon with the customer Validity of specifications depends on operating conditions For example the calibration validity period can be longer or shorter depen...

Страница 285: ...opean Union member state with legislation regarding Directive 2002 96 EC Except for reasons of safety or environmental benefit equipment manufactured by EXFO under its brand name is generally designed...

Страница 286: ......

Страница 287: ...ber under test is shorter than the maximum length the OTDR can measure In multimode fiber testing launch level remains out of the launch window light green rectangle even after cleaning and verifying...

Страница 288: ...e about live fiber error should not appear and the OTDR trace should look normal If you still see the message about live fiber error even if no fiber is connected to the OTDR contact EXFO Never connec...

Страница 289: ...not appear and the OTDR trace should look normal If you still see the message about live fiber error even if no fiber is connected to the OTDR contact EXFO Singlemode live fiber testing requires that...

Страница 290: ...technical support visit the EXFO Web site at www exfo com To accelerate the process please have information such as the name and the serial number see the product identification label as well as a de...

Страница 291: ...unit Transportation damage can occur from improper handling The following steps are recommended to minimize the possibility of damage Pack the unit in its original packing material when shipping Avoi...

Страница 292: ......

Страница 293: ...warranty period and found to meet all published specifications EXFO will charge standard calibration fees THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING BUT...

Страница 294: ...of its products at any time without incurring obligation to make any changes whatsoever on units purchased Accessories including but not limited to fuses pilot lamps batteries and universal interface...

Страница 295: ...tions under which it was observed 5 Return the equipment prepaid to the address given to you by support personnel Be sure to write the RMA number on the shipping slip EXFO will refuse and return any p...

Страница 296: ...Canada Tel 1 418 683 5498 Fax 1 418 683 9224 quebec service exfo com EXFO Europe Service Center Omega Enterprise Park Electron Way Chandlers Ford Hampshire S053 4SE ENGLAND Tel 44 2380 246810 Fax 44 2...

Страница 297: ...resolution m Multimode 0 04 to 2 5 Singlemode 0 04 to 5 Multimode 0 04 to 2 5 Singlemode 0 04 to 5 Sampling points Up to 128 000 Up to 256 000 Distance uncertainty m g 0 75 0 0025 x distance sampling...

Страница 298: ...i 2 5 2 5 Visual fault locator optional c Laser 650 nm 10 nm CW Pout in 62 5 125 m 1 5 dBm 1 4 mW n a j Reflectance dB c 2 2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Module FTB 7300E FTB 730 Size H x W x D 97 mm x 25...

Страница 299: ...nt has its own symbol Each type of event is represented by a graph of a fiber trace which illustrates the power reflected back toward the source as a function of distance An arrow points to the locati...

Страница 300: ...of the events table at a specific event along the trace Span End The Span End of a trace is the event that marks the end of the fiber span By default the Span End is placed on the last event of a tes...

Страница 301: ...n the fiber length The fiber end was not detected because the analysis process ended before reaching the end of the fiber The acquisition distance range should therefore be increased to a value greate...

Страница 302: ...to get to the end of the fiber The analysis ended before reaching the end of the fiber because the signal to noise ratio was too low The pulse width should therefore be increased so the signal reaches...

Страница 303: ...often caused by splices macrobends or microbends in the fiber A loss value is specified for non reflective events There is no reflectance specified for this type of event If you set thresholds the ap...

Страница 304: ...quality fusion splices or cracks Normally loss and reflectance values are specified for reflective events When the reflective spike reaches the maximum level its top may be clipped due to the saturati...

Страница 305: ...aving different fiber backscatter characteristics backscatter and backscatter capture coefficients A loss value is specified for positive events The loss specified does not indicate the true loss of t...

Страница 306: ...s plotted using least square approximation to fit all trace points in the linear area between the first and second detected events The straight line is projected toward the Y axis dB until it crosses...

Страница 307: ...e equals the total fiber length Detected events are distinct even if they cover more than one point on the trace A loss value is specified for fiber section events No reflectance is specified for this...

Страница 308: ...ubevents composing it Reflective events may indicate the presence of connectors mechanical splices or poor quality fusion splices or cracks Non reflective events may indicate the presence of splices s...

Страница 309: ...ugh least square approximation trace points in the linear area following the second event If there were more than two merged events this line would be plotted in the linear area following the last mer...

Страница 310: ...false negative results When evaluating event status against thresholds we are faced with two possible conditions All event types are tested reflective non reflective Only some event types are selecte...

Страница 311: ...han the sum of the number of sub events of a type multiplied by the threshold value for this event type then the event status is Fail If the event loss is in between since it is not possible to know e...

Страница 312: ...the global event loss is less than or equal to the smallest threshold value a value that is tested of course we are sure that the merged event status is Pass Otherwise we cannot know so the status of...

Страница 313: ...at status it cannot be set back to Pass or Unknown Whenever an event status is Fail so is the trace status If an event status is Pass the trace status can change from Unknown to Pass If an event statu...

Страница 314: ...rd the end connector It is then reflected back to the OTDR The application interprets this new reflection as an echo because of its characteristics reflectance and particular position with respect to...

Страница 315: ...ain into the fiber It then reaches the third connector a second time and is reflected once more to the OTDR The application would therefore detect a reflective event located at twice the distance of t...

Страница 316: ......

Страница 317: ...sis after acquisition analyzing traces 150 application main window 192 application starting 15 Att column in events table 108 205 206 attenuation fiber section 47 243 fiber section threshold 47 243 LS...

Страница 318: ...e acquisition 178 decrementation file name 20 72 default trace name 20 72 definition of the OTDR 1 deleting events 138 231 delimiting fiber span 122 239 description of event types 289 detecting module...

Страница 319: ...l interface see EUI F Fault finder mode acquiring traces 69 Fault Finder testing 69 fault notification for events 244 fiber attenuation 108 205 206 identifying by name 20 72 177 identifying visually 1...

Страница 320: ...r fiber span 128 average splice 128 209 connector 47 243 connector threshold 47 243 cumulative for fiber span 128 209 in events table 108 206 measurement 163 measurement positioning markers 167 modifi...

Страница 321: ...04 105 202 pass fail message display 49 pass fail test disabling 48 244 enabling 48 244 when to perform 48 photodetector 5 Pos in event table 205 206 position event 205 206 precision trace 43 product...

Страница 322: ...see also laser source function overview 185 span length threshold 47 243 loss threshold 47 243 span end description 290 effect of setting on events table 52 149 216 setting in memory 242 span positio...

Страница 323: ...29 acquisition in Fault finder mode 69 acquisition in Template mode 60 analysis 147 211 analysis detection thresholds 144 249 autonaming 20 72 changing default name 20 72 color in trace display 101 co...

Страница 324: ...of event 107 205 206 U unchangeable events 132 227 undeletable events 138 231 unit recalibration 274 UPC connectors detecting 150 updating span position 149 213 V view graph 201 linear 102 summary 104...

Страница 325: ...363 2006 X Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials used for this part is above the limit requirement in SJ T11363 2006 SJ T11363 2006 Pa...

Страница 326: ...MARKING REQUIREMENTS Product Environmental protection use period years Logo This Exfo product EXFO 10 Batterya a a If applicable 5...

Страница 327: ...1 Chin Swee Road 03 29 Manhattan House SINGAPORE 169876 Tel 65 6333 8241 Fax 65 6333 8242 EXFO CHINA Room 2711 Trade Center No 4028 Jintian Road Futian District Beijing Global Trade Center Tower C Roo...

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