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Functional description
Document No. 8000060-1
3
2 FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION
2.1 Measurement principle
2.1.1 NIBP
NIBP (Non-Invasive Blood Pressure) is an indirect method for measuring blood pressure.
The NIBP measurement is performed according to the oscillometric measuring principle. The cuff is
inflated with a pressure slightly higher than the presumed systolic pressure, and deflated at a
speed based on the patient's pulse, collecting data from the oscillations caused by the pulsating
artery. Based on these oscillations, values for systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures are
calculated.
The following parts are necessary for the NIBP measurement
•
NIBP unit
•
Twin hose (Adult or Infant model)
•
Blood pressure cuffs (different sizes)
2.1.2 ECG
Electrocardiography analyzes the electrical activity of the heart by measuring the electrical
potential produced with electrodes placed on the surface of the body.
ECG reflects
•
Electrical activity of the heart
•
Normal/abnormal function of the heart
•
Effects of anaesthesia on heart function
•
Effects of surgery on heart function
See the User's Reference Manual for electrodes’ positions and other information.
2.1.3 Pulse oximetry
A pulse oximeter measures the light absorption of blood at two wavelengths, one in the near
infrared (about 900 nm) and the other in the red region (about 660 nm) of light spectrum. These
wavelengths are emitted by LEDs in the SpO2 sensor, the light is transmitted through peripheral
tissue and is finally detected by a PIN-diode opposite to LEDs in the sensor. Pulse oximeter derives
the oxygen saturation (SpO2
)
using empirically determined relationship between the relative
absorption at the two wavelengths and the arterial oxygen saturation SaO2.
In order to measure the arterial saturation accurately, pulse oximeters use the component of light
absorption giving variations synchronous with heart beat as primary information on the arterial
saturation.
A general limitation of the above pulse oximetry principle is that due to only two wavelengths used
only two hemoglobin species can be discriminated by the measurement.
The modern pulse oximeters are empirically calibrated either against fractional saturation
SaO2frac,
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