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MX-3 Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge 

 

27

 

APPENDIX C 

Sound Velocities of some Common Materials 

M a t e r i a l

s o u n d   v e l o c i t y

i n / u s

m / s

A l u m i n u m

0 . 2 5 0

6 3 5 0

B i s m u t h

0 . 0 8 6

2 1 8 4

B r a s s

0 . 1 7 3

4 3 9 4

C a d m i u m

0 . 1 0 9

2 7 6 9

C a s t   I r o n

0 . 1 8 0 ( a p p r x )

4 5 7 2

C o n s t a n t a n

0 . 2 0 6

5 2 3 2

C o p p e r

0 . 1 8 4

4 6 7 4

E p o x y   r e s i n

0 . 1 0 0 ( a p p r x )

2 5 4 0

G e r m a n   s i l v e r

0 . 1 8 7

4 7 5 0

G l a s s ,   c r o w n

0 . 2 2 3

5 6 6 4

G l a s s , f l i n t

0 . 1 6 8

4 2 6 7

G o l d

0 . 1 2 8

3 2 5 1

I c e

0 . 1 5 7

3 9 8 8

I r o n

0 . 2 3 2

5 8 9 3

L e a d

0 . 0 8 5

2 1 5 9

M a g n e s i u m

0 . 2 2 8

5 7 9 1

M e r c u r y

0 . 0 5 7

1 4 4 8

N i c k e l

0 . 2 2 2

5 6 3 9

N y l o n

0 . 1 0 2 ( a p p r x )

2 5 9 1

P a r a f f i n

0 . 0 8 7

2 2 1 0

P l a t i n u m

0 . 1 5 6

3 9 6 2

P l e x i g l a s s

0 . 1 0 6

2 6 9 2

P o l y s t y r e n e

0 . 0 9 2

2 3 3 7

P o r c e l a i n

0 . 2 3 0 ( a p p r x )

5 8 4 2

P V C

0 . 0 9 4

2 3 8 8

Q u a r t z   g l a s s

0 . 2 2 2

5 6 3 9

R u b b e r ,   v u l c a n i z e d

0 . 0 9 1

2 3 1 1

S i l v e r

0 . 1 4 2

3 6 0 7

S t e e l ,   c o m m o n

0 . 2 3 3

5 9 1 8

S t e e l ,   s t a i n l e s s

0 . 2 2 3

5 6 6 4

S t e l l i t e

0 . 2 7 5 ( a p p r x )

6 9 8 5

T e f l o n

0 . 0 5 6

1 4 2 2

T i n

0 . 1 3 1

3 3 2 7

T i t a n i u m

0 . 2 4 0

6 0 9 6

T u n g s t e n

0 . 2 1 0

5 3 3 4

Z i n c

0 . 1 6 6

4 2 1 6

W a t e r

0 . 0 5 8

1 4 7 3

Содержание MX-3

Страница 1: ...OPERATION MANUAL DAKOTA ULTRASONICS MODEL MX 3 ULTRASONIC THICKNESS GAUGE P N P 112 0002 Rev 1 90 January 2008...

Страница 2: ...onics Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this publication Dakota Ultrasonics assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting...

Страница 3: ...OUND VELOCITIES OF COMMON MATERIALS WARRANTY INFORMATION 1 3 3 6 8 9 11 12 13 17 18 21 23 27 29 DISCLAIMER Inherent in ultrasonic thickness measurement is the possibility that the instrument will use...

Страница 4: ...Dakota Ultrasonics blank page...

Страница 5: ...This manual is presented in three sections The first section covers operation of the MX 3 and explains the keypad controls and display The second section provides guidelines in selecting a transducer...

Страница 6: ...Dakota Ultrasonics 2 blank page...

Страница 7: ...rm a brief display test by illuminating all of the segments in the display After one second the gauge will display the internal software version number After displaying the version number the display...

Страница 8: ...3 s calibration mode This mode is used to adjust the sound velocity value that the MX 3 will use when calculating thickness The gauge will either calculate the sound velocity from a sample of the mat...

Страница 9: ...he DOWN arrow key has two functions When the MX 3 is in the CAL mode this key is used to decrease numeric values on the display An auto repeat function is built in so that when the key is held down nu...

Страница 10: ...red until a new measurement is made Additionally when the battery voltage is low the entire display will begin to flash When this occurs the batteries should be replaced These eight vertical bars form...

Страница 11: ...in millimeters If the displayed thickness exceeds 199 99 millimeters the decimal point will shift automatically to the right allowing values up to 1999 9 millimeters to be displayed When the IN symbo...

Страница 12: ...e MX 3 The transducer must be used correctly in order for the MX 3 to produce accurate reliable measurements Below is a short description of the transducer followed by instructions for its use This is...

Страница 13: ...d commonly called couplant This fluid serves to couple or transmit the ultrasonic sound waves from the transducer into the material and back again Before attempting to make a measurement a small amoun...

Страница 14: ...r is in contact with the material being measured the MX 3 will perform four measurements every second updating its display as it does so When the transducer is removed from the surface the display wil...

Страница 15: ...gouging which will inhibit proper transducer coupling Extremely rough surfaces such as the pebble like finish of some cast irons will prove most difficult to measure These kinds of surfaces act on the...

Страница 16: ...sducer into the MX 3 Make sure that the connectors are fully engaged Check that the wearface of the transducer is clean and free of any debris 3 On the top of the MX 3 above the display is the metal p...

Страница 17: ...on In order for the MX 3 to make accurate measurements it must be set to the correct sound velocity for the material being measured Different types of material have different inherent sound velocities...

Страница 18: ...and the Stability Indicator should have nearly all its bars on 5 Having achieved a stable reading remove the transducer If the displayed thickness changes from the value shown while the transducer wa...

Страница 19: ...he material to be measured 4 Press the CAL key once more to exit the calibration mode The MX 3 is now ready to perform measurements NOTE At any time during the calibration procedure IN MM IN s or M s...

Страница 20: ...ckness value and the Stability Indicator should have nearly all its bars on 5 Having achieved a stable reading remove the transducer If the displayed thickness changes from the value shown while the t...

Страница 21: ...nd While the transducer is in contact with the material being measured the MX 3 is keeping track of the lowest measurement it finds The transducer may be scrubbed across a surface and any brief interr...

Страница 22: ...ergy into the material being measured such that a strong stable echo is received by the MX 3 Several factors affect the strength of ultrasound as it travels These are outlined below Initial Signal Str...

Страница 23: ...en job Some transducers may simply be too large to be used in tightly confined areas Also the surface area available for contacting with the transducer may be limited requiring the use of a transducer...

Страница 24: ...various characteristics It may be necessary to experiment with a variety of transducers in order to find one that works well for a given job Dakota Ultrasonics can provide assistance in choosing a tr...

Страница 25: ...sistant to water and petroleum products Power Source Two AA size 1 5 volt alkaline or 1 2 volt NiCad cells 200 hours typical operating time on alkaline 120 hours on NiCad Display Liquid Crystal Displa...

Страница 26: ...Dakota Ultrasonics 22 blank page...

Страница 27: ...the long axis of the pipe For smaller pipe diameters two measurements should be performed one with the wearface gap perpendicular another with the gap parallel to the long axis of the pipe The smaller...

Страница 28: ...probe be left in contact with the surface for as short a time as needed to acquire a stable measurement While the transducer is in contact with a hot surface it will begin to heat up itself and throu...

Страница 29: ...air gaps or pockets will cause an early reflection of the ultrasound beam This effect will be noticed as a sudden decrease in thickness in an otherwise regular surface While this may impede accurate...

Страница 30: ...Dakota Ultrasonics 26 blank page...

Страница 31: ...l d 0 128 3 2 5 1 Ice 0 157 3 9 8 8 Iron 0 232 5 8 9 3 L e a d 0 085 2 1 5 9 M a g n e s i u m 0 228 5 7 9 1 Mercury 0 057 1 4 4 8 N i c k e l 0 222 5 6 3 9 Nylon 0 102 apprx 2 5 9 1 Paraffin 0 087 2...

Страница 32: ...Dakota Ultrasonics 28 blank page...

Страница 33: ...s or implied with respect to this product Dakota Ultrasonics specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose Some states or provinces do not allow...

Страница 34: ...Dakota Ultrasonics 30 blank page...

Страница 35: ...ity Materials to Avoid none known Hazardous Polymerization will not occur Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts none known SECTION 6 HEALTH HAZARD AND FIRST AID DATA Routes of Entry 1 Skin not likely...

Страница 36: ......

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