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Compaq TCP/IP Services for
OpenVMS

SNMP Programming and
Reference

Order Number: AA–R04BC–TE

January 2001

Revision/Update Information:

This manual supersedes the DIGITAL

TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS eSNMP
Programming and Reference, Version
5.0.

Software Version:

Compaq TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
Version 5.1

Operating Systems:

OpenVMS Alpha Versions 7.1, 7.2-1
OpenVMS VAX Versions 7.1, 7.2

Compaq Computer Corporation
Houston, Texas

Содержание Compaq TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS

Страница 1: ...Update Information This manual supersedes the DIGITAL TCP IP Services for OpenVMS eSNMP Programming and Reference Version 5 0 Software Version Compaq TCP IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5 1 Operating...

Страница 2: ...uter Software Computer Software Documentation and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U S Government under vendor s standard commercial license Compaq shall not be liable for techn...

Страница 3: ...of MIB II 2 5 2 2 1 MIB II Implemented Groups 2 6 2 2 2 Restrictions to MIB II Implementation 2 6 3 Creating a Subagent Using the eSNMP API 3 1 Creating a MIB Specification 3 1 3 2 The Structure of Ma...

Страница 4: ...n SNMP Trap Service 4 12 4 2 2 3 Trap Receiver Examples 4 13 5 eSNMP API Routines 5 1 Interface Routines 5 1 esnmp_init 5 2 esnmp_register 5 3 esnmp_unregister 5 6 esnmp_register2 5 7 esnmp_unregister...

Страница 5: ...2 Modifying the Subagent Timeout 6 1 6 3 Log Files 6 2 Index Figures 1 1 SNMP Architecture 1 2 1 2 eSNMP Data Flow 1 3 3 1 MIB II in SMI Tree Structure 3 3 Tables 1 TCP IP Services Documentation viii...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...ut installing configuring and starting this product Intended Audience This manual is for experienced OpenVMS and UNIX system managers and assumes a working knowledge of TCP IP networking TCP IP termin...

Страница 8: ...TCP IP Services layered application product DIGITAL TCP IP Services for OpenVMS User s Guide This manual describes how to use the applications available with TCP IP Services such as remote file opera...

Страница 9: ...ction of the different IPv6 addresses and how to configure TCP IP Services to access the 6bone network For additional information about Compaq OpenVMS products and services access the Compaq website a...

Страница 10: ...icate that you must enclose choices in parentheses if you specify more than one In command format descriptions brackets indicate optional choices You can choose one or more items or no items Do not ty...

Страница 11: ...g elements keywords the names of independently compiled external functions and files syntax summaries and references to variables or identifiers introduced in an example A hyphen at the end of a comma...

Страница 12: ......

Страница 13: ...ng interface API tools used to build additional subagents startup and shutdown procedures and text based configuration files This chapter provides an overview of the Compaq implementation of eSNMP Top...

Страница 14: ...ese MIBs are described in Chapter 2 The SNMP ASN 1 library used by the master agent to interpret ASN 1 messages The eSNMP API the application programming interface that provides routines for programmi...

Страница 15: ...e The process of communication for a request is illustrated with dashed lines and includes the following steps 1 The network management station NMS sometimes called the client originates SNMP requests...

Страница 16: ...master agent using the port that was assigned when the subagent registered the MIB When they are idle subagents periodically send a message to port 705 to ensure that the master agent is still runnin...

Страница 17: ...mand procedure that stops the master agent and subagents TCPIP SNMP_SYSHUTDOWN COM SYS STARTUP Command procedure initiated by TCPIP SNMP_ SHUTDOWN COM Provided for site specific customization such as...

Страница 18: ...C and H Source code for chess example Contains detailed documentation that explains how the code functions TCPIP CHESS_SUBAGENT EXE Functioning chess example image TCPIP ESNMP OLB Object library file...

Страница 19: ...owing utilities TCPIP SNMP_REQUEST EXE a MIB browser that allows you to retrieve and update objects from the MIBs TCPIP SNMP_TRPSND EXE a trap sender that generates traps messages that require no resp...

Страница 20: ...o be recompiled The circumstances under which recoding or recompiling are required are described in Section 1 7 1 1 7 1 Using Existing SNMP Version 1 MIB Modules Existing SNMP Version 1 MIB subagent e...

Страница 21: ...I without the need to relink Some images linked against the current version of TCP IP Services may run under Versions 4 1 and 4 2 but this backward compatibility is not supported and may not work in f...

Страница 22: ......

Страница 23: ...ides a general RFC description and a specific OpenVMS description for each implemented object Table 2 1 Host Resources MIB Objects Object Name RFC Description OpenVMS Description hrSystemUptime The am...

Страница 24: ...The total number of blocks on a device displayed by the SHOW DEVICE FULL command hrStorageUsed The allocated amount of storage in this entry in hrStorageAllocationUnits The total number of used blocks...

Страница 25: ...locks displayed by the SHOW DEVICE FULL command hrSWRunIndex A unique value for each software product running on the host Process ID hrSWRunPath A description of the location where this software was l...

Страница 26: ...rminal device begins with _FT Data items in the hrDeviceTable group have the following restrictions hrDeviceID is always null OID 0 0 hrDeviceErrors is coded as follows Code Condition warning 3 Error...

Страница 27: ...tead hexadecimal value 00 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 January 1 0000 applies hrProcessorFrwID OID prefix 1 3 6 1 2 1 25 3 3 1 1 is not implemented on OpenVMS VAX On this type of system it returns standard nu...

Страница 28: ...ansmission group 2 2 2 Restrictions to MIB II Implementation SNMP requests are not implemented for the following MIB II objects ipRouteMetric1 ipRouteMetric5 tcpMaxConn SNMP set requests are not imple...

Страница 29: ...refix 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 9 1 2 that may show different sysORUpTime 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 9 1 4 The snmp_request program translates the value received in hundredths of a second to the following dropping any fractio...

Страница 30: ......

Страница 31: ...at the network manager needs to examine and manipulate Each resource that a MIB manages is represented by an object After gathering the data the developer uses Abstract Syntax Notation 1 ASN 1 to spec...

Страница 32: ...d the OID naming structure used in SNMP If not refer to RFC 1902 Structure of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Version 2 The information in SNMP is s...

Страница 33: ...mation Figure 3 1 MIB II in SMI Tree Structure VM 0721A AI iso 1 org 3 dod 6 internet 1 directory 1 mgmt 2 mib2 1 system 1 interfaces 2 at 3 ip 4 icmp 5 tcp 6 udp 7 egp 8 transmission 10 snmp 11 exper...

Страница 34: ...eByWhite 1 3 6 1 4 1 36 2 15 2 99 5 1 2 moveByBlack 1 3 6 1 4 1 36 2 15 2 99 5 1 3 moveStatus 1 3 6 1 4 1 36 2 15 2 99 5 1 4 chessTraps 1 3 6 1 4 1 36 2 15 2 99 6 moveTrap 1 3 6 1 4 1 36 2 15 2 99 6 1...

Страница 35: ...l Organization for Standardization ISO Instead of creating ASN 1 files yourself you can create MY files from existing ASCII files for example from RFCs by using the MIB converter facility provided wit...

Страница 36: ...s example files using the PRINT_TREE qualifier MIBCOMP RFC1442 MY CHESS_MIB MY chess PRINT_TREE Processing RFC1442 MY Processing CHESS_MIB MY Dump of objects in lexical order This file created by prog...

Страница 37: ...ed on OpenVMS for compatibility with UNIX developed procedures For information about using these utilities refer to the Compaq Tru64 UNIX Network Programmer s Guide 3 3 2 2 Object Tables The MIBCOMP c...

Страница 38: ...Enumeration Definitions Section The third section of the subtree_TBL H file contains enumeration definitions for those integer MIB variables that are defined with enumerated values as follows define D...

Страница 39: ...lized in the subtree_TBL C module You must write method routines for each prototype that is defined as follows extern int mib group get METHOD method extern int mib group set METHOD method For example...

Страница 40: ...access object tables or MIB variables directly It only maintains a registry of subtrees When a request for a particular MIB variable arrives it is processed as shown in the following steps where the M...

Страница 41: ...ointer to the array of objects in the object table It is indexed by the I_xxxx definitions found in the subtree_TBL H file object_oid objects The index of the last object in the object_TBL file This i...

Страница 42: ...IBRARY TCPIP LIB OLB LIBRARY Alternatively you can link your subagent with the eSNMP API shareable image TCPIP ESNMP_SHR EXE The resulting executable image is smaller and can be run without relinking...

Страница 43: ...Include symbols for the detached processes that are running custom images Use the same process names specified in TCPIP EXTENSION_MIB_ RUN COM Modify the IF and THEN statements to include the new symb...

Страница 44: ......

Страница 45: ...request PDUs to an agent and displays the agent s response To run the MIB browser follow these steps 1 Define a foreign command for the program snmp_request SYS SYSTEM TCPIP SNMP_REQUEST Alternativel...

Страница 46: ...cribed in Section 4 1 3 value The value to which to set the contents of the OID This parameter is used for set requests For Set requests you can specify more than one group of the following variable n...

Страница 47: ...ion or SNMP version and command combination Specify a positive integer for the value max_ignores If you specify a negative value it will be converted to an unsigned positive integer If you specify 0 n...

Страница 48: ...of mib view These examples assume that OID 1 3 6 1 6 3 1 1 6 1 0 is the last OID supported on the target host The target host is running an SNMP Version 2 agent The statement end of mib view refers t...

Страница 49: ...P version to use for sending the PDU The versions are 2c or 1 default Not case sensitive You can specify the flag without a space v2c and v1 If request_type is getbulk the version defaults to SNMP Ver...

Страница 50: ...d address 0 0 0 0 The address_list community is type Read and Write with write access for the host on which the snmp_request program is running The location has been specified as shown in the followin...

Страница 51: ...on 255 300 OpenVMS V7 1 Digital TCP IP Services for OpenVMS 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 3 6 1 4 1 36 2 15 13 7 1 1 3 6 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 LO IP Interface LO0 OpenVMS Adapter none Loopback...

Страница 52: ...ies the correct type for the variable and all the conditions for enabling Set requests are met on the server snmp_request marley dec com address_list _ set 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 4 0 D Richard Blaine 1 3 6 1 2...

Страница 53: ...1 Entering Commands for the Trap Sender Program The trap sender program lets you send SNMP Version 1 and SNMP Version 2 trap messages You should use this program only when you want to test the client...

Страница 54: ...thenticationFailure 5 egpNeighborLoss 6 enterpriseSpecific For SNMP Version 2 when the v2c flag is specified this parameter must contain a valid OID or 0 as the value of snmpTrapOID specific trap For...

Страница 55: ...psnd command The remainder is the display received when running the trap receiver program snmp_traprcv without flags included 1 The following example generates a trap that originated on the localhost...

Страница 56: ...formatted dump of the received packet p port Specifies the port number on the local host on which to listen for trap messages The default is 162 tcp Listens on the TCP port instead of the UDP default...

Страница 57: ...rivilege snmp_traprcv No snmp trap service entry using default port 162 bind permission denied 2 The example supplied from a nonprivileged account requests trap information in hexadecimal dump format...

Страница 58: ......

Страница 59: ...ommunication with the master agent esnmp_register Requests local registration of a MIB subtree esnmp_unregister Cancels local registration of a MIB subtree esnmp_register2 Requests cluster registratio...

Страница 60: ...e must be registered again You should attempt to create a unique subagent identifier perhaps using the program name argv 0 and additional descriptive text The master agent does not open communications...

Страница 61: ...0 If the value is 0 the default timeout is 3 seconds Compaq recommends that you use the default For information about modifying the default subagent timeout value refer to Section 6 2 priority The reg...

Страница 62: ...subtree OID 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1 These MIBs are registered at priority 1 Any subagent that registers at a higher priority greater than 1 overrides these registrations A request for IpRouteIfIndex OID 1...

Страница 63: ...esnmp_register status esnmp_register ipRouteEntry_subtree RESPONSE_TIMEOUT REGISTRATION_PRIORITY if status ESNMP_LIB_OK printf Could not queue the ipRouteEntry n printf subtree for registration n eSNM...

Страница 64: ...btree anymore You can later reregister a MIB subtree if needed by calling the esnmp_register routine Return Values SNMP_LIB_OK The esnmp_unregister routine has completed successfully ESNMP_LIB_BAD_REG...

Страница 65: ...emitted by the MIBCOMP command priority The registration priority The entry with the largest number has the highest priority The range is 1 to 255 The subagent that has registered a MIB subtree with...

Страница 66: ...STATE_ PENDING The registration is currently held locally while waiting for connection to the master agent ESNMP_REG_STATE_SENT The registration was sent to the master agent ESNMP_REG_STATE_DONE The r...

Страница 67: ...t can also register MIB subtrees that overlap the OID range of MIB subtrees that it previously registered or the OID ranges of MIB subtrees registered by other subagents For example consider the two s...

Страница 68: ...tatic ESNMP_REG esnmp_reg_for_ip2egp retain this structure for a subsequent call to esnmp_unregister2 initialize the ESNMP_REG structure memset esnmp_reg_for_ip2egp 0 sizeof ESNMP_REG esnmp_reg_for_ip...

Страница 69: ...a MIB subtree if needed by calling the esnmp_register2 routine Return Values ESNMP_LIB_OK The routine completed successfully ESNMP_LIB_BAD_REG The MIB subtree was not registered ESNMP_LIB_LOST_ CONNE...

Страница 70: ...ments agent_cap_id A pointer to an object identifier that represents an authoritative agent capabilities identifier This value is used for the sysORID object in the sysORTable for the managed node age...

Страница 71: ...inter to an object identifier that represents an authoritative agent capabilities identifier This value is used for the sysORID object in the sysORTable for the managed node Description This routine i...

Страница 72: ...iate method routines are called as defined by the developer of the subagent Return Values ESNMP_LIB_OK The esnmp_poll routine completed successfully ESNMP_LIB_BAD_REG The master agent failed in a prev...

Страница 73: ...nded to cause the master agent to reply immediately The response should be processed by calling the esnmp_poll routine If a response is not received within the timeout period the application code shou...

Страница 74: ...er agent is not running traps are queued and sent when communication is possible The trap message is actually sent to the master agent after it responds to the esnmp_init routine This occurs with ever...

Страница 75: ...escription Subagents must call this routine when terminating so that the master agent can update its MIB registry quickly and so that resources used by eSNMP on behalf of the subagent can be released...

Страница 76: ...nto eSNMP TimeTicks The function returns the value that sysUpTime held when the passed timestamp was now This routine can be used as a TimeTicks data type the time since the eSNMP master agent started...

Страница 77: ...e s method routine is then called Therefore a method routine is called to service a single MIB variable Since a single method routine can handle a number of MIB variables the same method routine may b...

Страница 78: ...a repeating VARBIND This number increments from 1 to max_repetitions and is 0 zero for nonrepeating VARBIND structures max_repetitions The maximum number of repetitions to perform Used for GetBulk onl...

Страница 79: ...n is useful for this Description These types of routines call whatever routine is specified for Get operations in the object table identified by the registered subtree This function is pointed to by s...

Страница 80: ...at contains the MIB variable s supplied data value and name OID The instance information has already been extracted from the OID and placed in the method row instance field object A pointer to the obj...

Страница 81: ...ine builds this array by subtracting the object OID from the requested variable binding OID instance_len The size of the method row instance field context A pointer to be used privately by the method...

Страница 82: ...ocessing _set Routines This following is the sequence of operations performed for _set routines 1 Every variable binding is parsed and its object is located in the object table A METHOD structure is c...

Страница 83: ...erform the Set request during the COMMIT phase The method row context field is private to the method routine libesnmp does not use it A typical use is to store the address of an emitted structure that...

Страница 84: ...that might have been allocated and stored in method row context and method row save fields and so on The function return status value is ignored for the CLEANUP phase 5 2 2 Method Routine Applications...

Страница 85: ...Section 5 2 3 for information on data value representation Return the correct status value as follows ESNMP_MTHD_noError The routine completed successfully or no errors were found ESNMP_MTHD_noSuchIns...

Страница 86: ...ct the instance elements from an incoming OID on a request Use the instance2oid function to combine the instance elements with the MIB variable s base OID to set the VARBIND structure s name field whe...

Страница 87: ...NMP_TYPE_TimeTicks varbind value ul field The 32 bit timeticks type values are stored in the VARBIND structure as an unsigned integer Use the o_integer function to insert an unsigned value into the VA...

Страница 88: ...OID s prefix clone_oid Makes a copy of an OID free_oid Frees a buffer clone_buf Duplicates a buffer mem2oct Converts a string to an oct structure cmp_oct Compares two octets clone_oct Makes a copy of...

Страница 89: ...he real type as defined in the object structure must be one of the following otherwise an error is returned ESNMP_TYPE_Integer32 32 bit integer ESNMP_TYPE_Counter32 32 bit counter unsigned ESNMP_TYPE_...

Страница 90: ...NetToMediaEntry_type definition VARBIND vb method varbind OBJECT object method object ipNetToMediaEntry_type data assume buffer and structure member assignments occur here switch arg case I_atIfIndex...

Страница 91: ...RBIND structure value The value to be inserted into the VARBIND structure The real type as defined in the object structure must be one of the following otherwise an error is returned ESNMP_TYPE_OCTET_...

Страница 92: ...ointer to the OBJECT structure for the MIB variable associated with the OID in the VARBIND structure oid The value to be inserted into the VARBIND structure as data For more information about OID leng...

Страница 93: ...he MIB variable associated with the OID in the VARBIND structure ptr The pointer to the buffer containing data to be inserted into the VARBIND structure as data len The length of the data in buffer po...

Страница 94: ...efinition VARBIND vb method varbind OBJECT object method object ipNetToMediaEntry_type data assume buffer and structure member assignments occur here switch arg case I_atPhysAddress return o_string vb...

Страница 95: ...inter to the OBJECT structure for the MIB variable associated with the OID in the VARBIND structure value The 8 byte value to be inserted into the VARBIND structure passed as an array of two integers...

Страница 96: ...r 3 s A null string or empty string returns an OID structure that has one element of zero Description The routine dynamically allocates the buffer and inserts its pointer into the OID structure passed...

Страница 97: ...ption An OID can have up to 128 elements A full sized OID can require a large buffer Return Values The return value points to its first argument Example include esnmp h define SOMETHING_BIG 1024 OID a...

Страница 98: ...to construct the new OID len The number of elements in the instance array Description The instance array may be created by oid2instance or constructed from key values as a result of a GetNext command...

Страница 99: ...in unsigned int instance 6 Construct the outgoing OID in a GETNEXT Instance is N 1 A A A A where A s are IP address instance 0 data ipNetToMediaIfIndex instance 1 1 for i 0 i 4 i instance i 2 unsigned...

Страница 100: ...ements in the instance array Description The instance values are the elements of an OID beyond those that identify the MIB variable These elements identify a specific instance of a MIB value If there...

Страница 101: ...unsigned int instance 6 in a GET operation Expected Instance is N 1 A A A A where A s are IP address instLength oid2instance incoming object instance 6 if instLength 6 return ESNMP_MTHD_noSuchInstanc...

Страница 102: ...results in an ipaddr value of zero For an exact match such as Get there must be exactly four elements ipAddr A pointer indicating where to return the IP address value This routine is in network byte...

Страница 103: ...ddress instLength oid2instance incoming object instance 6 if instLength 6 inst2ip instance 2 4 ip_addr TRUE 0 iface int instance 0 else return ESNMP_MTHD_noSuchInstance 2 The following example shows a...

Страница 104: ...the key Convert the A A A A portion by calling the inst2ip routine passing it length 1 for the length and the carry returned from the conversion of the B B B B portion The most significant element n i...

Страница 105: ...element by element comparison from the most significant element element 0 to the least significant element If all other elements are equal the OID with the least number of elements is considered less...

Страница 106: ...If all elements of the prefix OID match exactly with corresponding elements of the OID q structure it is considered an even match if the OID q structure contains additional elements The OID q structu...

Страница 107: ...OID structure that is to receive the new OID values and call this routine Any previous value in the new OID structure is freed using the free_oid routine and the new values are dynamically allocated...

Страница 108: ...lements buffer attached to the structure Format void free_oid oid oid Description This routine frees the buffer pointed to by the OID elements field and zeros the field and the NELEM structure Example...

Страница 109: ...e is always allocated at the end and is filled with zeros If the length is less than zero the duplicate buffer length is set to zero A buffer pointer is always returned unless there is a malloc error...

Страница 110: ...locates the buffer and inserts its pointer into the oct structure The caller must explicitly free this buffer This routine does not allocate an oct structure and does not free data previously pointed...

Страница 111: ...f all bytes are equal the lengths are compared An octet with a null pointer is considered the same as a zero length octet Return Values 1 The string pointed to by the first oct is less than the second...

Страница 112: ...r copies the data and updates the oct structure with the buffer s address and length The caller must free this buffer The previous value of the buffer on the new oct structure is freed prior to the ne...

Страница 113: ...amically allocated buffer to which the oct structure points and zeros the pointer and length on the oct structure If the oct structure is already null this routine does nothing If the buffer attached...

Страница 114: ...structure points Format void free_varbind_data varbind vb Description This routine performs a free_oid vb name operation If indicated by the vb type field it then frees the vb value data using either...

Страница 115: ...et cannot be handled also implies ERROR This is the default TRACE Used when tracing all packets also implies ERROR and WARNING null This parameter is not used by OpenVMS It is supplied for compatibili...

Страница 116: ...rt WARNING Used when a packet cannot be handled this also implies ERROR TRACE Used when tracing all packets this also implies ERROR and WARNING Format int is_debug_level int type Return Values TRUE Th...

Страница 117: ...ions without the ESNMP_LOG macro For example define ESNMP_LOG level x if is_debug_level level esnmp_log level esnmp_logs x __LINE__ __FILE__ Where x is a text string for example a printf statement lev...

Страница 118: ...routine you must set the debug level to TRACE Output is sent to the specified file Format _ _print_varbind VARBIND vb int indent Arguments vb The pointer to the VARBIND structure to be displayed If th...

Страница 119: ...on 6 1 Format set_select_limit char progname Arguments progname The subagent name This argument is valid with DPI versions only With AgentX the argument is NULL because subagents do not get names Retu...

Страница 120: ...outine should be called from the main during program initialization It needs to be called only once Format _ _set_progname char prog Arguments prog The program name as taken from argv 0 or some other...

Страница 121: ...e from the second application of the set This routine should be called only after the _ _set_progname routine has been called You can use this to restore the most recent program name only Format _ _re...

Страница 122: ...o extract only the file name and file extension Format _ _parse_progname file specification Arguments file specification The full file specification for the subagent Example include esnmp h static cha...

Страница 123: ...n sockets that are used by the subagent for communicating with the master agent Format esnmp_cleanup Example include esnmp h int rc ESNMP_LIB_OK rc esnmp_cleanup Return Values ESNMP_LIB_NOTOK There wa...

Страница 124: ......

Страница 125: ...IMIT to modify the number of times a 1 error value can be returned from a select call The valid TCPIP SNMP_SELECT_ERROR_LIMIT values range from 1 to less than 232 01 default 100 When defining the erro...

Страница 126: ...ent TCPIP OS_MIBS LOG for the MIB II TCPIP HR_MIB LOG for the Host Resources MIB Output redirected from SYS ERROR is logged to the following files TCPIP ESNMP ERR for the master agent TCPIP OS_MIBS ER...

Страница 127: ...ERROR For the master agent and standard subagents the logging level is WARNING Log files for these processes include messages for WARNING and ERROR events The chess example does not have a default log...

Страница 128: ......

Страница 129: ...ne 5 3 esnmp_sysuptime interface routine 5 18 esnmp_term interface routine 5 17 esnmp_trap interface routine 5 16 esnmp_uncapabilities interface routine 5 13 esnmp_unregister2 interface routine 5 11 e...

Страница 130: ...P __parse_progname support routine 5 64 __print_varbind support routine 5 60 Problems See Troubleshooting features R __restore_progname support routine 5 63 RFCs 1155 2 7 3 1 3 2 4 6 1213 2 5 1514 2...

Страница 131: ...g 4 9 Troubleshooting features 6 1 U UNIX utilities 3 7 W Writing subagents compiling 3 5 creating source files 3 5 including in startup and shutdown 3 12 linking and building 3 11 object tables 3 7 u...

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