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R
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol that associates a network adapter address (MAC address)
with an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Raster
Raster graphics describes an image as a pattern of dots, compared to vector graphics which represents an
image as a geometrical formula. Each row of color dots in the mosaic of color dots constitutes one raster
graphic. In a printer, a raster graphic is used as the master image from which a page is printed, because the
image can be transferred to paper by printing one raster at a time.
Raw
This is a print application used with Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003. It can print at higher speeds than LPD.
RIP (Raster Image Processor)
The hardware and/or software functions of a printer that convert vector graphic descriptions from a computer
into raster graphic images that can be printed.
S
Scope ID
The Scope ID is a character string value that is appended to the NetBIOS name, and is used for all NetBIOS
over TCP/IP communications. It provides a way for a computer to communicate only with others sharing the
same Scope ID.
SMB
Server Message Block. A protocol that provides file and printer sharing over a network for Windows
computers.
Source Routing
Normally, a host has no control over the route taken by a packet it sends. Source routing is a technique
whereby the sender of a packet can specify the route that a packet should take through the network to its
destination.
Spooling
Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line. Spooling means putting jobs in a buffer, which is a special area
in memory or on a disk. Because devices access data at different rates, the buffer provides a waiting station
where the data can wait until the device for which it is meant is ready to access it.
Subnet Mask
SUBNETwork mask. The method used to determine which subgroup, or subnet, an IP address belongs to on
TCP/IP networks, all devices whose IP addresses have the same prefix would belong to the same subnet.
Dividing a network into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons.
Switching hub
A network connection box to which a number of computers can be connected. The switching hub forwards a
data packet from the network to the appropriate computer according to the packet’s address. Conventional
hubs simply send every packet to every connected computer. Since a switching hub forwards packets only to
their intended recipients, it provides greater efficiency.
T
TCP/IP
Acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The protocol used to connect to the Internet
and to wide-area networks.