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CSAT3B Three-Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 

Schotanus, P., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. and de Bruin, H. A. R.:  1983, 

“Temperature Measurement with a Sonic Anemometer and its Application to 

Heat and Moisture Fluxes”, 

Boundary-Layer Meteorol.

, 

26

, 81-93. 

Burns, S. P., Horst, T. W., Jacobsen, L., Blanken P. D. and Monson, R. K.:  

2012, “Using sonic anemometer temperature to measure sensible heat flux in 

strong winds”, 

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

, 

5

, 2095-2111. 

Kaimal, J. C. and Finnigan J. J.:  1994, “Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows”, 

Oxford University Press

. 

 

 

 

62 

Содержание CSAT3B

Страница 1: ...INSTRUCTION MANUAL CSAT3B Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 2 15 C o p y r i g h t 2 0 1 5 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c I n c...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...ucts to CSI CSI will return such Products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America To all other locations CSI will return such Products best way CIP port of entry per...

Страница 4: ...g container Campbell Scientific s shipping address is CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC RMA _____ 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 1784 For all returns the customer must fill out a Statement of Product Clea...

Страница 5: ...ore beginning work Wear a hardhat and eye protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...3 Resource DVD 10 5 2 2 Optional Components 10 5 2 2 1 Sonic Carrying Case 10 5 2 3 Common Accessories 11 5 2 3 1 Power and Communications Cables 11 5 2 3 2 FW05 Thermocouple 13 5 2 3 3 FWC L Cable 13...

Страница 8: ...mendations 50 8 3 Synchronization with other sensors 50 8 4 Datalogger Programming using SDM or CPI 51 8 4 1 CRBasic Instructions 52 8 4 1 1 CSAT3B 52 8 4 1 2 CSAT3BMonitor 52 8 4 2 Diagnostic Word 53...

Страница 9: ...ections with SDM communications 16 5 11 HUB CPI for multiple CSAT3B connections to CPI communications 17 5 12 CAT6 Ethernet cable 17 6 1 Dimensions of CSAT3B 21 7 1 Connecting CSAT3B using Device Conf...

Страница 10: ...th positive is subtracted from 360 0 degrees to find true north A 2 A 3 A declination angle west of true north negative is subtracted from 0 360 degrees to find true north A 2 A 4 NOAA magnetic declin...

Страница 11: ...e CSAT3B head should be handled by holding the block at the back of the sensor Handling it by the arms or transducers could cause geometric deformation which degrades the measurements The transducer f...

Страница 12: ...a CSAT3B and is not intended as a replacement for the more detailed information on installation found in Section 7 Installation 4 1 Hardware Connections 1 Mount a 3 33 cm 1 31 in outer diameter pipe o...

Страница 13: ...GURE 4 3 5 Earth chassis ground the other end of the wire to the CSAT3B mounting structure or to a grounding rod For more details on grounding see the grounding section of the CR3000 datalogger manual...

Страница 14: ...munications If using SDM communications connect a CSAT3BCBL1 L L denotes the cable length in feet cable to the connector on the back of the CSAT3B block labeled Power SDM as shown in FIGURE 4 4 CPI Co...

Страница 15: ...wire leads on the end of the CSAT3BCBL1 L cable to the datalogger SDM and power ports according to TABLE 4 1 Refer to FIGURE 4 6 which shows these connections to a CR1000 datalogger TABLE 4 1 Wiring...

Страница 16: ...With CPI communications connect the red and black wires on the end of the CSAT3BCBL2 L PT to the 12 V and ground terminals of a datalogger or to a 9 5 to 32 Vdc power supply Connect the RJ 45 connecto...

Страница 17: ...on 8 4 Datalogger Programming using SDM or CPI for more information on datalogger instructions and programming 4 Verify that measurements are being made by ensuring the green Status light FIGURE 4 8 o...

Страница 18: ...measuring sonic temperature and wind speed in three dimensions It is often used for studies of turbulence and flux measurement where turbulent fluctuations of wind speed and sonic temperature must be...

Страница 19: ...ines the signal sensitivity of version 3 with the rain performance of version 4 Includes options to filter high frequencies for applications requiring analysis of non aliased spectra 5 2 Sensor Compon...

Страница 20: ...source DVD contains files for all product manuals and other product literature for Campbell Scientific products FIGURE 5 2 Campbell Scientific resource DVD 5 2 2 Optional Components 5 2 2 1 Sonic Carr...

Страница 21: ...have pigtail wires for wiring to a power source datalogger terminals or a wiring bus The other end has an M16 connector for connecting to the corresponding port at the back of the CSAT3B block The MC...

Страница 22: ...r to the sensor A second cable to transmit the communications is also required for example CSAT3BCBL3 CPI RS 485 cable for CPI or RS 485 or the 30179 USB data cable For installations with long cable l...

Страница 23: ...e used with the CSAT3B FIGURE 5 6 FW05 thermocouple 5 2 3 3 FWC L Cable The FWC L is a cable with connector that mates with the connector on a FW05 FW1 or FW3 fine wire thermocouple The other end of t...

Страница 24: ...CSAT3B are used when combining multiple CSAT3B units into a network of sensors the data from which are collected by a single datalogger Networks of CSAT3Bs using SDM or CPI communications may be confi...

Страница 25: ...B block to two CSAT3BCBL3 cables The splitter is IP68 rated It is used for daisy chaining multiple CSAT3Bs in series that use CPI or RS 485 communications A splitter is required for each CSAT3B in the...

Страница 26: ...4 SDM Cable CABLE5CBL L The SDM cable CABLE5CBL L is a 22 AWG five conductor cable with a Santoprene jacket and an aluminum Mylar shield By default the conductors are stripped and tinned The CABLE5CB...

Страница 27: ...2 CAT6 Ethernet cable 6 Specifications The CSAT3B measures wind speed and the speed of sound along the three non orthogonal sonic axes The wind speeds are then transformed into the orthogonal wind com...

Страница 28: ...munications Connections for a list of all default settings 6 1 Measurements Operating Temperature Standard 30 to 50 C Wind Accuracy 40 to 50 C wind speed 30 m s 1 azimuth angles between 170 C Offset E...

Страница 29: ...t max 250 kbps 853 m 2800 ft max 50 kbps Address Range 1 120 Bus Clocks per Sample 300 RS 485 Used for anemometer configuration or PC based data acquisition Baud Rate 9 6 kbps to 115 2 kbps Cable Leng...

Страница 30: ...n Support Arm Diameter 1 59 cm 0 63 in Cardboard Box with Foam 73 7 x 45 7 x 25 4 cm 29 x 18 x 10 in Carrying Case with Foam 79 5 x 51 8 x 31 cm 31 3 x 20 4 x 12 2 in Weight Anemometer Head 1 45 kg 3...

Страница 31: ...bout the desired sensor settings orienting mounting and leveling the CSAT3B which is covered in the following sections 7 1 Settings Prior to installation the CSAT3B s settings should be verified This...

Страница 32: ...ort and baud rate refer to the left side of FIGURE 7 1 5 If this is the first time this PC has connected to a CSAT3B and depending on the PC settings the USB driver may need to be manually installed T...

Страница 33: ...Relative Humidity Relative humidity inside CSAT3B block Change desiccant if greater than 50 see Section 9 3 Desiccant Inclinometer Pitch Pitch angle of CSAT3B head see Section 7 3 Mounting Inclinomet...

Страница 34: ...l be applied and the output mode see section 8 2 for more details on operating mode Filter Bandwidth 5 Hz 10 Hz 20 Hz 25 Hz The cut off frequency of the low pass filter Instrument ID Anemometer Serial...

Страница 35: ...ng wind to minimize interference from support structures such as the tower or tripod Typically the anemometer should be mounted level to the ground as described in Section 7 4 Leveling 7 3 Mounting Th...

Страница 36: ...n the boom adapter with a 3 16 in hex socket head wrench Refer to FIGURE 7 4 4 Attach the CSAT3B to the leveling mount by inserting the bolt on the mount into the threaded hole on the bottom of the CS...

Страница 37: ...reater accuracy in inclination of the CSAT3B or if an application requires a measurement that shows if and when the inclination of the CSAT3B changes over time for example a sagging crossarm or tower...

Страница 38: ...grated inclinometer can be viewed by connecting the USB data cable pn 30179 to the CSAT3B and a PC computer running Campbell Scientific s Device Configuration Utility It can also be output using the C...

Страница 39: ...437in pn 3514 that was provided with the white thermocouple cover pn 10080 Insert the male connector of the FW05 into the female connector of the FWC L Finally attach the thermocouple cover to the ane...

Страница 40: ...nt the analyzer or its intake downwind of the sonic sampling volume 7 6 Wiring On the back of the CSAT3B block there is a copper grounding lug refer to FIGURE 4 3 Use a standard flat head screwdriver...

Страница 41: ...cable types Only the 5 m 16 ft USB cable for initial configuration of the sensor is included Other cables must be ordered separately TABLE 7 2 Summary of Communications Options for the CSAT3B SDM USB...

Страница 42: ...more details refer to a datalogger user manual 7 7 1 SDM Communications If data collection from the anemometer is to be accomplished using a datalogger with SDM communications connect a CSAT3BCBL1 to...

Страница 43: ...CSAT3B Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 7 8 SDM Power connections FIGURE 7 9 Wiring to power and SDM ports on CR1000 datalogger 33...

Страница 44: ...to the Power SDM port of the second CSAT3B Connect another CSAT3BCBL1 to the splitter and down to the next CSAT3B Continue the daisy chain until the last CSAT3B The final CSAT3BCBL1 should have pigta...

Страница 45: ...CSAT3B Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 7 10 SDM daisy chain CSAT3B sensor arms and grounding cables not shown 35...

Страница 46: ...ed for power but the SDM wires will not be used The CSAT3BCSBL1 also has lighter gauge power wires which increases voltage loss over long cable length so it should only be used for shorter cable lengt...

Страница 47: ...CSAT3B Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 7 12 Power and CPI cable connections FIGURE 7 13 CPI connection to a CR6 datalogger 37...

Страница 48: ...tail wire ends to connect to the 12 V and G ports of a datalogger or to a 12 to 32 Vdc power supply The final CSAT3BCBL3 should have an RJ 45 connector that plugs into the CPI port of the datalogger R...

Страница 49: ...CSAT3B Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 7 14 CPI daisy chain CSAT3B sensor arms and grounding cables not shown 39...

Страница 50: ...pology CSAT3B sensor arms and grounding cables not shown 7 7 3 RS 485 Communications If data collection from the anemometer is to be accomplished by a PC using RS 485 first connect the CSAT3B as descr...

Страница 51: ...port until tight A CSAT3BCBL1 may also be used for power but the SDM wires will not be used The CSAT3BCSBL1 also has lighter gauge power wires which increases voltage losses over long cable length so...

Страница 52: ...wer but the SDM wires will not be used The CSAT3BCSBL1 also has lighter gauge power wires which increases voltage losses over long cable length so it should only be used for shorter cable lengths Conn...

Страница 53: ...uple to a differential voltage channel on a datalogger TABLE 7 4 FW05 FWC L Fine Wire Thermocouple Description Color Signal high Purple Signal low Red 8 Operation 8 1 Theory of Operation The CSAT3B us...

Страница 54: ...ed of Sound The speed of sound is found by combining the out and back time of flight measurements see Equation B 5 in Appendix B CSAT3B Measurement Theory While the parallel component of the wind alon...

Страница 55: ...r Unprompted output to PC Mode 4 Self triggered Filtered Unprompted output to PC The mode is selected using the Device Configuration Utility under the Measurement Settings tab see Section 7 1 Settings...

Страница 56: ...iggered at a rate of 100 Hz This results in an oversampled measurement regime where the 100 Hz samples may be optionally processed through a filter before being downsampled or decimated and output If...

Страница 57: ...ments a 50 Hz effective bandwidth This minimizes the possibility of underestimating high frequency signal variations and covariations This approach however aliases high frequency information to lower...

Страница 58: ...datalogger This filtered data is delayed by a certain time interval given in TABLE 8 2 and should be taken into account when aligning with other fast response sensors There are additional synchronicit...

Страница 59: ...should be disregarded The following block of code is an example implementation of Campbell Scientific s signature algorithm in the programming language C To generate the signature of an output array o...

Страница 60: ...2 is recommended in which the measurements are self triggered a filter is applied with a bandwidth that is half the datalogger scan rate and the data are collected with the datalogger 8 3 Synchroniza...

Страница 61: ...logger scans 8 100ms scan 800 ms TABLE 8 4 also indicates the preferred settings for flux measurements and spectral analysis As discussed previously for spectral analysis the bandwidth should be selec...

Страница 62: ...ters per second m s 1 2 uy y axis wind speed in meters per second m s 1 3 uz z axis wind speed in meters per second m s 1 4 Ts Sonic Temperature in degrees Celsius C 5 Diagnostic word Bus This paramet...

Страница 63: ...n on the ultrasonic signals after receiving the acquire signals command the NaN it sends to the datalogger for the science data can be filtered out of the statistics based on the diagnostic word See t...

Страница 64: ...he datalogger and check the datalogger program for the expected trigger rate 7 0x0080 128 Internal Humidity Warning The relative humidity inside the CSAT3B block is greater than 80 Change the internal...

Страница 65: ...he wicking properties of the sonic wicks may not be adequate In these circumstances the CSAT3B may report diagnostic error conditions or erroneous data until the water droplets evaporate or are manual...

Страница 66: ...mperature decreases the capacity of air to hold water also decreases and the relative humidity will increase even if no additional water has been introduced into the closed system As the relative humi...

Страница 67: ...ould be discarded and replaced with a new one When replacing the brass screw cap ensure the cap is tightened until the head of the screw is flush with the housing and the o ring cannot be seen FIGURE...

Страница 68: ...alance it on the transducers as this will affect its measurements 2 Cover the CSAT3B head with a medium 13 gallon kitchen waste bin liner Close the opening of the liner by folding taping or tying to p...

Страница 69: ...Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 9 3 CSAT3B real time data with 1 sec update and ux and uy wind component graphed FIGURE 9 4 CSAT3B real time data with 1 sec update and uz wind component grap...

Страница 70: ...ight obstruct the sonic signal Check for signs that the geometry of the arms has changed in any way possibly from an impact from another object 2 Check all wiring connections between the CSAT3B and da...

Страница 71: ...her for calibration or repair please follow the detailed instructions provided in the Assistance section at the beginning of this manual which gives instructions for generating an RMA number If additi...

Страница 72: ...nd its Application to Heat and Moisture Fluxes Boundary Layer Meteorol 26 81 93 Burns S P Horst T W Jacobsen L Blanken P D and Monson R K 2012 Using sonic anemometer temperature to measure sensible he...

Страница 73: ...he number of degrees between True North and Magnetic North Magnetic declination for a specific site can be obtained from a USGS map local airport or through a NOAA web calculator Appendix A 2 Online M...

Страница 74: ...a negative number is subtracted from a positive number the resulting arithmetic operation is addition For example the declination for Longmont CO 10 June 2006 is 9 67 the angle is East of True North...

Страница 75: ...by NOAA s Geophysical Data Center is available at the following URL www ngdc noaa gov geomag web declination After the web page loads enter the zip code country and city or latitude and longitude of...

Страница 76: ...results The declination for Salt Lake City UT is 11 7 4 November 2014 As shown in FIGURE A 5 the declination for Utah is positive east of north so true north for this site is 360 11 7 or 348 3 The an...

Страница 77: ...axis d distance between the transducers c speed of sound The wind speed ua along any axis can be found by inverting the above relationships then subtracting Eq B 2 from B 1 and solving for ua u d t t...

Страница 78: ...e to that at constant volume P pressure air density Rd gas constant for dry air Tv virtual temperature T air temperature q specific humidity defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the tota...

Страница 79: ...B 9 B 2 References Kaimal J C and Businger J A 1963 A Continuous Wave Sonic Anemometer Thermometer J Applied Meteorol 2 156 164 Kaimal J C and Gaynor J E 1991 Another Look at Sonic Thermometry Bounda...

Страница 80: ...Appendix B CSAT3B Measurement Theory B 4...

Страница 81: ...als 5 Diag Alias CSATMonitorVals 1 BoardTemp Alias CSATMonitorVals 2 BoardHumidity Alias CSATMonitorVals 3 InclinePitch Alias CSATMonitorVals 4 InclineRoll Define Data Tables DataTable SonicData 1 1 S...

Страница 82: ...rdTemp Alias CSATMonitorVals 2 BoardHumidity Alias CSATMonitorVals 3 InclinePitch Alias CSATMonitorVals 4 InclineRoll Define Data Tables DataTable SonicData 1 1 Sample 5 CSATVals 1 IEEE4 EndTable Data...

Страница 83: ...Const STATS_INTERVAL 1 Period of 30 min for online statistics Const CPI_RATE 125 Set CPI Rate to 250 ksps Const N_STATS 1 Increment size in the totalization functions Const CSAT_AZIMUTH 0 Unique value...

Страница 84: ...rr Trigger Error Flag Wind directions and speed Public wind_out 8 Alias wind_out 1 wind_spd in compass coord system same as CSAT3B Alias wind_out 2 result_wind_speed in compass coord system same as CS...

Страница 85: ...p OR NOT disable_stats 2 FieldNames Flag_LowAmp_Tot Totalize 1 N_STATS IEEE4 NOT Flag_HighAmp OR NOT disable_stats 2 FieldNames Flag_HighAmp_Tot Totalize 1 N_STATS IEEE4 NOT Flag_Tracking OR NOT disab...

Страница 86: ..._integer AND h00000100 Turn on this intermediate processing disable flag when any warning flag is set or the data returned is NaN disable_stats 1 diag_integer AND hffffffff OR diag NaN Turn on this in...

Страница 87: ......

Страница 88: ...m br Campbell Scientific Canada Corp CSC 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton AB T5L 4X4 CANADA www campbellsci ca dataloggers campbellsci ca Campbell Scientific Centro Caribe S A CSCC 300 N Cementerio Edific...

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