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I N   T H I S   C H A P T E R

Using VBA to Create Pivot
Tables

11

Introducing VBA

Version 5 of Excel introduced a powerful new
macro language called Visual Basic for Applications
(VBA). Every copy of Excel shipped since 1993 has
had a copy of the powerful VBA language hiding
behind the worksheets. VBA allows you to perform
steps that you normally perform in Excel, but to
perform them very very quickly and flawlessly. I’ve
seen a VBA program take a process that would take
days each month and turn it into a single button
click and a minute of processing time.

Don’t be intimidated by VBA. The VBA macro
recorder tool will get you 90% of the way to a use-
ful macro and I will get you the rest of the way
there using examples in this chapter.

Every example in this chapter is available for down-
load from http://www.mrexcel.com/
pivot2007data.html/.

Enabling VBA in Your Copy of Excel

By default, VBA is disabled in Office 2007. Before
you can start using VBA, you need to enable
macros in the Trust Center. From the Office icon
menu, choose Excel Options, Trust Center, Trust
Center Settings, Macro Settings.

Choose one of the options below.

Disable all macros with notification—this set-
ting is equivalent to medium macro security in
Excel 2003. When you open a workbook that
contains macros, a message will appear alerting
that there are macros in the workbook. If you
expect macros to be in the workbook, you sim-
ply click Options, Enable to allow the macros
to run. This is the safest setting, as it forces
you to explicitly enable macros in each work-
book.

Introducing VBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Learning Tricks of the Trade  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Understanding Versions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Building a Pivot Table in Excel VBA  . . . . . . . .239

Creating a Report Showing Revenue 
by Product  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246

Handling Additional Annoyances When 
Creating Your Final Report  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

Addressing Issues with Two or More 
Data Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

Summarizing Date Fields with Grouping  . . .263

Using Advanced Pivot Table Techniques  . . . .267

Controlling the Sort Order Manually . . . . . . .276

Using Sum, Average, Count, Min, Max,
and More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

Creating Report Percentages  . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

Using New Pivot Table Features in 
Excel 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Next Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289

12_0789736012_CH11.qxd  12/11/06  6:26 PM  Page 231

Содержание VBA

Страница 1: ... need to enable macros in the Trust Center From the Office icon menu choose Excel Options Trust Center Trust Center Settings Macro Settings Choose one of the options below Disable all macros with notification this set ting is equivalent to medium macro security in Excel 2003 When you open a workbook that contains macros a message will appear alerting that there are macros in the workbook If you ex...

Страница 2: ...ions Popular Then choose Show Developer Tab in the Ribbon As shown in Figure 11 1 the Code group on the Developer tab of the Ribbon offers icons for accessing the Visual Basic Editor Macros dialog box macro recording tools and Macro Security setting Visual Basic Editor From Excel press Alt F11 or choose Developer Code Visual Basic to open the Visual Basic Editor as shown in Figure 11 2 The three m...

Страница 3: ...l Basic is a powerful development environment Although this chapter cannot offer a complete course on VBA if you are new to VBA you should take advantage of these impor tant tools As you begin to type code Excel may offer a drop down with valid choices This fea ture known as AutoComplete allows you to type code faster and eliminate typing mis takes For assistance on any keyword put the cursor in t...

Страница 4: ... would be a lot better if Excel could record selecting cells using the End key This is one of the shortcomings of the macro recorder In reality Excel pros use the macro recorder to record code but then expect to have to clean up the recorded code Understanding Object Oriented Code VBA is an object oriented language Most lines of VBA code follow the Noun Verb syntax However in VBA it is called Obje...

Страница 5: ... the last row with data The equivalent of doing this in VBA is to use the following code Range A1048576 End xlUp Select You don t need to select this cell you just need to find the row number that contains the last row The following code locates this row and saves the row number to a variable named FinalRow FinalRow Range A1048576 End xlUp Row There is nothing magic about the variable name FinalRo...

Страница 6: ... information about a cell or about any object A statement to create a typical variable such as x Range A1 assigns the current value of A1 to the variable x However you can use the Set keyword to create an object variable Set x Range A1 You ve now created a super variable that contains all the properties of the cell Instead of having a variable with only one value you have a variable in which you c...

Страница 7: ...s that are new in Excel 2007 If you record a macro that uses these methods you cannot share the macro with someone using Excel 2003 or earlier Table 11 1 Methods New in Excel 2007 Method Description ClearAllFilters Clears all filters in the pivot table ClearTable Removes all fields from the pivot table but keeps the pivot table intact ConvertToFormulas Converts a pivot table to cube formulas This ...

Страница 8: ...ToolTips FieldListSortAscending Controls the sort order of fields in the PivotTable Field List When this property is True the fields are sorted in alphabetical order When it is set to False the fields are presented in the same sequence as the data source columns InGridDropZones Controls whether you can drag and drop fields onto the grid Changing the pivot table layout also changes this property Ch...

Страница 9: ...ptimize performance for fields with many items and allows you to avoid using custom list based sorting TableStyle2 Specifies the pivot table style currently applied to the pivot table Note that previous versions of Excel offered a weak AutoFormat option That feature s settings were held in the TableStyle property so Microsoft had to use TableStyle2 as the property name for the new pivot table styl...

Страница 10: ...ing this line of code you have a strange looking blank pivot table like the one shown in Figure 11 3 You now have to use code to drop fields onto the table If you choose the Defer Layout Update setting in the user interface to build the pivot table Excel does not recalculate the pivot table after you drop each field onto the table By default in VBA Excel calculates the pivot table as you execute e...

Страница 11: ...report with revenue it assumes you want to sum the rev enue But there is a problem Say that one of the revenue cells is blank When you build the pivot table even though 99 9 of fields are numeric Excel assumes you have alphanumeric data and offers to count this field This is annoying It seems to be an anomaly that on one hand you are expected to make sure that 100 of your cells have numeric data b...

Страница 12: ...a medium table style Format the pivot table PT ShowTableStyleRowStripes True PT TableStyle2 PivotStyleMedium10 At this point you have a complete pivot table like the one shown in Figure 11 4 Chapter 11 UsingVBA to Create PivotTables 242 11 Figure 11 4 Fewer than 50 lines of code create this pivot table in less than a sec ond Listing 11 1 shows the complete code used to generate the pivot table Lis...

Страница 13: ...on xlSum Position 1 End With Calc the pivot table PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True Format the pivot table PT ShowTableStyleRowStripes True PT TableStyle2 PivotStyleMedium10 End Sub Learning Why You Cannot Move or Change Part of a Pivot Report Although pivot tables are incredible they have annoying limitations You cannot move or change just part of a pivot table For example try to run a m...

Страница 14: ...ur pivot table you might need to use an offset of two or more rows to get rid of extrane ous information at the top of the pivot table The code copies PT TableRange2 and uses PasteSpecial on a cell five rows below the cur rent pivot table At that point in the code your worksheet appears as shown in Figure 11 6 The table in R2 is a live pivot table and the table in R10 is just the copied results Ch...

Страница 15: ...votTable TableDestination WSD _ Cells 2 FinalCol 2 TableName PivotTable1 Turn off updating while building the table PT ManualUpdate True Set up the row fields PT AddFields RowFields Business Segment ColumnFields Region Set up the data fields With PT PivotFields Revenue Orientation xlDataField Function xlSum Position 1 End With With PT ColumnGrand False RowGrand False NullString 0 End With Calc the...

Страница 16: ...cross the columns A sample report is shown in Figure 11 7 Chapter 11 UsingVBA to Create PivotTables 246 11 Figure 11 7 A typical request is to take transactional data and produce a summary by product for product line managers You can use a pivot table to get 90 of this report and then a little formatting to finish it Listing 11 2 Continued The key to producing this data quickly is to use a pivot t...

Страница 17: ...el experts rely on being able to ride the range using the End and arrow keys Blank cells ruin this ability The title is boring Most people would agree that Sum of Revenue is an annoying title Some captions are extraneous Invoice Date floating in cell T2 of Figure 11 8 really does not belong in a report The default alphabetical sort order is rarely useful Product line managers are going to want the...

Страница 18: ... zero in the empty cells N O T E Because of the page break problem you may find it is easier to do away with the pivot table s subtotal rows and have the Subtotal method add subtotal rows with page breaks You need a way to turn off the pivot table subtotal rows offered for Product in Figure 11 8 These rows show up automatically whenever you have two or more row fields If you had four row fields yo...

Страница 19: ...To set up a format in tenths of millions that uses the 0 0 MM format you would use this line of code PT PivotFields Sum of Revenue NumberFormat 0 0 M Here the format is quotation mark pound comma pound pound zero period zero comma comma quotation mark quotation mark M quotation mark quotation mark quo tation mark The three quotation marks at the end are correct You use two quotation marks to simul...

Страница 20: ...dditional Annoyances When Creating Your Final Report You ve reached the end of the adjustments that you can make to the pivot table To achieve the final report you have to make the remaining adjustments after converting the pivot table to regular data Figure 11 9 shows the pivot table with all the adjustments described in the preceding sec tions and with PT TableRange2 selected Chapter 11 UsingVBA...

Страница 21: ...ats to copy the data to the report sheet 11 In Excel 2000 and earlier xlPasteValuesAndNumberFormats was not available You had to use Paste Special twice once as xlPasteValues and once as xlPasteFormats C A U T I O N In the current example the TableRange2 property includes only one row to eliminate row 2 as shown in Figure 11 9 If you had a more complex pivot table with several column fields and or...

Страница 22: ...nterface you would type an equal sign press the up arrow key and then press Ctrl Enter 4 Reselect all the cells in column A that make up the report This step is necessary because the Paste Special step cannot work with noncontiguous selections 5 Copy the formulas in column A and convert them to values by choosing Home Clipboard Paste Paste Values Fixing the Outline view in VBA requires fewer steps...

Страница 23: ...e that you would always have three years and a total the code to add subto tals for each Line of Business group would be the following Add Subtotals by Product Be sure to add a page break at each change in product Selection Subtotal GroupBy 1 Function xlSum TotalList Array 3 4 5 6 _ PageBreaks True 11 Figure 11 10 Use automatic subtotals because doing so enables you to add a page break after each ...

Страница 24: ...fore Cells GrandRow 1 Putting It All Together Listing 11 3 produces the product line manager reports in a few seconds Listing 11 3 Code That Produces the Product Line Report in Figure 11 11 Sub ProductLineReport Product and Market as Row Years as Column Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim PTCache As PivotCache Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Dim TotColumns Set WSD Worksheets Piv...

Страница 25: ... End With Calc the pivot table PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True Group by Year WSD Activate Cells 3 FinalCol 4 Group Start True End True _ Periods Array False False False False False False True Replace blanks with zero PT NullString 0 Remove subtotals by product PT PivotFields Product Subtotals 1 True PT PivotFields Product Subtotals 1 False PT ColumnGrand False Sort descending by revenue...

Страница 26: ...ontalAlignment xlRight Range A3 B3 HorizontalAlignment xlLeft Repeat rows 1 3 at the top of each page WSR PageSetup PrintTitleRows 1 3 Add subtotals FinalCol Cells 3 Columns Count End xlToLeft Column ReDim Preserve TotColumns 1 To FinalCol 2 For i 3 To FinalCol TotColumns i 2 i Next i Selection Subtotal GroupBy 1 Function xlSum _ TotalList TotColumns Replace True _ PageBreaks True SummaryBelowData...

Страница 27: ...t with the data field as the inner most column field It is often preferable to have the data field as the outermost row field When a pivot table is going to have more than one data field you have a virtual field named Σ Values in the drop zones of the PivotTable Field List In VBA this equivalent virtual field is named Data Where you place the data field in the AddFields method determines which vie...

Страница 28: ...le report has multiple data fields as the innermost column field Figure 11 13 By moving the data field to the first row field you can obtain this view of the multiple data fields Calculated Data Fields Pivot tables offer two types of formulas The most useful type defines a formula for a calcu lated field This adds a new field to the pivot table Calculations for calculated fields are ...

Страница 29: ... as Avg Price Note that this name must be different from the name for the calculated field Listing 11 4 produces the report shown in Figure 11 14 Listing 11 4 Code That Calculates an Average Price Field as a Second Data Field Sub TwoDataFields Listing 11 4 Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim PTCache As PivotCache Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Set WSD Worksheets PivotTable Dim ...

Страница 30: ...eld Function xlSum Position 3 NumberFormat 0 00 Name Avg Price End With Ensure that we get zeros instead of blanks in the data area PT NullString 0 Calc the pivot table PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True WSD Activate Range R1 Select End Sub Calculated Items Say that in your company one manager is responsible for Landscaping Grounds Care and Green Plants and Foliage Care The idea behind a c...

Страница 31: ...t continues Listing 11 5 Code That Adds a New Item Along the Product Dimension Sub CalcItemsProblem Listing 11 5 Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim PTCache As PivotCache Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Set WSD Worksheets PivotTable Dim WSR As Worksheet Delete any prior pivot tables For Each PT In WSD PivotTables PT TableRange2 Clear Next PT WSD Range R1 AZ1 EntireColumn Clear ...

Страница 32: ...long the product dimension PT PivotFields Product CalculatedItems _ Add Plants Group _ Landscaping Grounds Care Green Plants and Foliage Care Resequence so that the report Landscaping First PT PivotFields Product _ PivotItems Landscaping Grounds Care Position 1 PT PivotFields Product _ PivotItems Green Plants and Foliage Care Position 2 PT PivotFields Product _ PivotItems Plants Group Position 3 S...

Страница 33: ...only plausible method for dealing with this sit uation is to attempt to hide the products that make up the Plants Group With PT PivotFields Product PivotItems Landscaping Grounds Care Visible False PivotItems Green Plants and Foliage Care Visible False End With The results are shown in Figure 11 16 Figure 11 15 Unless you love restating numbers to the Securities and Exchange Commission avoid using...

Страница 34: ...arter and month Listing 11 6 Code That Uses the Group Feature to Roll Daily Dates Up to Monthly Dates Sub ReportByMonth Listing 11 6 Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim PTCache As PivotCache Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Set WSD Worksheets PivotTable Dim WSR As Worksheet Delete any prior pivot tables For Each PT In WSD PivotTables PT TableRange2 Clear Next PT WSD Range R1 AZ1 ...

Страница 35: ...lUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True WSD Activate Range R1 Select End Sub Group by Week You probably noticed that Excel allows you to group by day month quarter and year There is no standard grouping for week You can however define a group that bunches groups of seven days By default Excel starts the week based on the first date found in the data This means that the default week would run from Thurs...

Страница 36: ... Cells 1 Columns Count _ End xlToLeft Column Set PRange WSD Cells 1 1 Resize FinalRow FinalCol Set PTCache ActiveWorkbook PivotCaches Add SourceType _ xlDatabase SourceData PRange Address Create the Pivot Table from the Pivot Cache Set PT PTCache CreatePivotTable TableDestination WSD _ Cells 2 FinalCol 2 TableName PivotTable1 Turn off updating while building the table PT ManualUpdate True Set up t...

Страница 37: ...advanced tech niques available with pivot tables The following sections discuss such techniques Using AutoShow to Produce Executive Overviews If you are designing an executive dashboard utility you might want to spotlight the top five markets As with the AutoSort option you could be a pivot table pro and never have stumbled across the AutoShow feature in Excel This setting lets you select either t...

Страница 38: ...Count 1 End xlUp Row FinalCol WSD Cells 1 Columns Count _ End xlToLeft Column Set PRange WSD Cells 1 1 Resize FinalRow FinalCol Set PTCache ActiveWorkbook PivotCaches Add SourceType _ xlDatabase SourceData PRange Address Create the Pivot Table from the Pivot Cache Set PT PTCache CreatePivotTable TableDestination WSD _ Cells 2 FinalCol 2 TableName PivotTable1 Turn off updating while building the ta...

Страница 39: ...ble data to row 3 of the report sheet Use offset to eliminate the title row of the pivot table PT TableRange2 Offset 1 0 Copy WSR A3 PasteSpecial Paste xlPasteValuesAndNumberFormats LastRow WSR Cells 65536 1 End xlUp Row WSR Cells LastRow 1 Value Top 5 Total Go back to the pivot table to get totals without the AutoShow PT PivotFields Market Orientation xlHidden PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdat...

Страница 40: ...l the records that make up that cell PT TableRange2 Offset 2 1 Resize 1 1 ShowDetail True Listing 11 9 produces a pivot table with the total revenue for the top three stores and ShowDetail for each of those stores This is an alternative method to using the Advanced Filter report The results of this macro are three new sheets Figure 11 20 shows the first sheet created Chapter 11 UsingVBA to Create ...

Страница 41: ...lds Customer ColumnFields Data Set up the data fields With PT PivotFields Revenue Orientation xlDataField Function xlSum Position 1 NumberFormat 0 Name Total Revenue End With Sort Stores descending by sum of revenue PT PivotFields Customer AutoSort Order xlDescending _ Field Total Revenue Show only the top 3 stores PT PivotFields Customer AutoShow Type xlAutomatic Range xlTop _ Count 3 Field Total...

Страница 42: ...perty and display the results of the user form Another interesting use is to loop through all PivotItems and display them one at a time in the page field You can quickly produce top 10 reports for each region using this method To determine how many regions are available in the data use PT PivotFields Region PivotItems Count Either of these loops would work For i 1 To PT PivotFields Region PivotIte...

Страница 43: ... Creates a New Workbook per Region Sub Top5ByRegionReport Listing 11 10 Produce a report of top 5 customers for each region Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim WSR As Worksheet Dim WBN As Workbook Dim PTCache As PivotCache Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Set WSD Worksheets PivotTable Delete any prior pivot tables For Each PT In WSD PivotTables PT TableRange2 Clear Next PT WSD Ra...

Страница 44: ...ring 0 Calc the pivot table PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True Ctr 0 Loop through each region For Each PivItem In PT PivotFields Region PivotItems Ctr Ctr 1 PT PivotFields Region CurrentPage PivItem Name PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True Create a new blank workbook with one worksheet Set WBN Workbooks Add xlWBATWorksheet Set WSR WBN Worksheets 1 WSR Name PivItem Name Set up Title ...

Страница 45: ... store is PT PivotFields Store PivotItems Minneapolis Visible False You need to be very careful never to set all items to False otherwise the macro ends with an error This tends to happen more than you would expect An application may first show products A and B and then on the next loop show products C and D If you attempt to make A and B not visible before making C and D visible no products will ...

Страница 46: ... PivotItem This is somewhat dangerous because you don t know whether the underlying fields will have data for South on any given day Be sure to set error checking to resume in case South doesn t exist today On Error Resume Next PT PivotFields Region PivotItems South Position 1 On Error GoTo 0 Using Sum Average Count Min Max and More So far every example in this chapter has involved summing data It...

Страница 47: ...the total a percentage of the row a percentage of the column or as the percent difference from the previous or next item All these settings are controlled through the Calculation property of the page field The valid properties for Calculation are xlPercentOf xlPercentOfColumn xlPercentOfRow xlPercentOfTotal xlRunningTotal xlPercentDifferenceFrom xlDifferenceFrom xlIndex and xlNoAdditionalCalculati...

Страница 48: ...to low and to see their sizes in relation to each other Percentage of a Specific Item You can use the xlPercentDifferenceFrom setting to express revenues as a percentage of the California market sales Show revenue as a percentage of California With PT PivotFields Revenue Orientation xlDataField Function xlSum Caption of California Calculation xlPercentDifferenceFrom BaseField Market BaseItem Calif...

Страница 49: ...tures are available in the user interface nor in VBA Similarly if you use any of these features the code runs only in Excel 2007 There is no hope of going backward to share the code with someone using Excel 2003 Using the New Filters In previous versions of Excel the filtering feature allowed you to choose one or more pivot items from a drop down list The only conceptual filter was the top 10 Auto...

Страница 50: ...r exam ple to find all the branches where the total revenue is over 100 000 you would use this code PT PivotFields Branch PivotFilters Add _ Type xlValueIsGreaterThan _ DataField PT PivotFields Sum of Revenue _ Value1 100000 Other value filters might allow you to specify that you want branches where the revenue is between 50 000 and 100 000 In this case you would specify one limit as Value1 and th...

Страница 51: ... dates in May xlAllDatesInPeriodJune Filters for all dates in June xlAllDatesInPeriodJuly Filters for all dates in July xlAllDatesInPeriodAugust Filters for all dates in August xlAllDatesInPeriodSeptember Filters for all dates in September xlAllDatesInPeriodOctober Filters for all dates in October xlAllDatesInPeriodNovember Filters for all dates in November xlAllDatesInPeriodDecember Filters for a...

Страница 52: ...rs for all captions that are greater than the specified value xlCaptionIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo Filters for all captions that are greater than or match the specified value xlCaptionIsLessThan Filters for all captions that are less than the specified value xlCaptionIsLessThanOrEqualTo Filters for all captions that are less than or match the specified value xlCaptionIsNotBetween Filters for all captio...

Страница 53: ...ious day xlNotSpecificDate Filters for all dates that do not match a specified date xlSpecificDate Filters for all dates that match a specified date xlTopCount Filters for the specified number of values from the top of a list xlTopPercent Filters for the specified percentage of values from a list xlTopSum Sums the values from the top of the list xlValueDoesNotEqual Filters for all values that do n...

Страница 54: ...as four check boxes that modify the styles in the PivotTable Styles Gallery Chapter 11 UsingVBA to Create PivotTables 284 11 Figure 11 24 The four check boxes and gallery of styles offer many variations for for matting the pivot table Table 11 3 Continued Filter Type Description The following four lines of code are equivalent to turning on all four settings in the PivotTable Style Options group PT...

Страница 55: ...ated in the same Excel session For this reason you should always explicitly choose the layout that you want Use the RowAxisLayout method valid values are xlTabularRow xlOutlineRow or xlCompactRow 11 Previous versions of Excel offered an AutoFormat feature for pivot tables This feature was annoying because it actually changed the layout of your pivot table That obsolete command used the TableStyle ...

Страница 56: ...total rows from the visualization If you have 30 branches that average 50 000 in revenue each the total for the 30 branches is 1 5 million If you include the total in the data visualization the total gets the largest bar and all the branch records have tiny bars In the Excel user interface you always want to use the Add Rule or Edit Rule choice to choose the option All Cells Showing Sum of Revenue...

Страница 57: ...e building the table PT ManualUpdate True Set up the row column fields PT AddFields RowFields Branch _ ColumnFields Data Set up the data fields With PT PivotFields Revenue Orientation xlDataField Function xlSum Position 1 End With Calc the pivot table PT ManualUpdate False PT ManualUpdate True Apply a Databar PT TableRange2 Cells 3 2 Select Selection FormatConditions AddDatabar Selection FormatCon...

Страница 58: ...ableWizard method to create the table Sub PivotExcel97Compatible Pivot Table Code for Excel 97 Users Dim WSD As Worksheet Dim PT As PivotTable Dim PRange As Range Dim FinalRow As Long Set WSD Worksheets PivotTable Delete any prior pivot tables For Each PT In WSD PivotTables PT TableRange2 Clear Next PT Define input area FinalRow WSD Cells Rows Count 1 End xlUp Row FinalCol WSD Cells 1 Columns Coun...

Страница 59: ...289 Next Steps Next Steps In the next chapter you learn a myriad of techniques for handling common questions and issues with pivot tables 11 ...

Страница 60: ......

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