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A Background to Return Loss Measurement

Getting Started with Return Loss

Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition

If we substitute equation 3 into equations 2 and 4, this gives us the

following two equations:

If we subtract

para

from equations 5 and 6, this gives us the following

equations:

If we divide equation 8 by equation 7, this gives us the following

equations:

Thus we can use the equation below to calculate return loss:

The return loss of the reference reflection is given by:

Calculating the Front Panel Delta

The Front Panel Delta is the change in loss variation that is caused by

replacing the reference cable, as used in

“Reflectance Calibration” on

page 26

, with the measurement patchcord, as used in

“How to

Measure Return Loss” on page 31

. This is caused by differences in

reflections from the front panel connector and also differences in the

backscatter level of the fibers.

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Содержание 81610A

Страница 1: ... underutilized and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade ins Custom engineering so your equipment works exactly as you specify Critical and expedited services Leasing Rentals Demos In stock Ready to ship TAR certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100 satisfaction All trademarks brand names and brands appearing herein are the property of their respective ...

Страница 2: ...S S1 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module User s Guide ...

Страница 3: ...or products returned to Agilent from another country Agilent warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument Agilent does not warrant that the operation of the instrument software or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty ...

Страница 4: ...es a hazard It calls attention to a procedure practice or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or loss of life Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Safety Symbols The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect ...

Страница 5: ...wave Measurement System and Agilent 8166A B Lightwave Multichannel System Operating Environment The safety information in the Agilent 8163A B Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 8164A B Lightwave Measurement System and Agilent 8166A B Lightwave Multichannel System User s Guide summarizes the operating ranges for Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Modules In order for these modules to meet specifi...

Страница 6: ... 1 Return Loss Modules Laser Safety Information Agilent 81611A Agilent 81612A Agilent 81613A Agilent 81614A Laser type FP Laser InGaAsP FP Laser InGaAsP FP Laser InGaAsP FP Laser InGaAsP Wavelength 15nm 1310 nm 1550 nm 1550 1625 nm 1310 1550 nm Max CW output power 1 8mW 1 8mW 1 8mW 1 8mW Beam waist diameter 9 µm 9 µm 9 µm 9 µm Numerical aperture 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Laser Class according to IEC 60825 1...

Страница 7: ... eyesight Do not enable the laser source when there is no fiber attached to the optical output connector The laser is enabled by pressing the gray button close to the optical output connector on the front panel of the module The laser is on when the green LED on the front panel of the instrument is lit The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye hazard The laser module has a...

Страница 8: ...orting information of a non operational nature this contains information concerning accessories specifications and performance tests Accessories on page 45 Specifications on page 49 Performance Tests on page 59 Conventions used in this manual Hardkeys are indicated by italics for example Config or Channel Softkeys are indicated by normal text enclosed in square brackets for example Menu or Details...

Страница 9: ...Safety Considerations The Structure of this Manual 8 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 10: ...rn Loss 16 What is Insertion Loss 17 How to Choose a Light Source 18 Calibration Measurements 19 Making a Return Loss Measurement 19 Setup 20 Calibrating the Return Loss Module 21 Calibration using the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector 23 Reflectance Calibration 23 Termination Calibration 25 Calibration using the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable 26 Reflectance Calibration 26 Front Panel Delta Cal...

Страница 11: ...Panel Delta 41 Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT 43 Accessories 45 Modules and Options 47 Specifications 49 Definition of Terms 51 Return Loss 51 Return loss of the reference cable 51 Dynamic Range 51 External Input Power Range 52 External Input Damage Power 52 Center Wavelength 52 Wavelength Range 52 Relative Uncertainty 52 Total Uncertainty 53 Plug Play 53 Return Loss Module Specificatio...

Страница 12: ... 93 Soft tissues 94 Pipe cleaner 94 Compressed air 94 Additional Cleaning Equipment 95 Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X 95 Ultrasonic bath 95 Warm water and liquid soap 96 Premoistened cleaning wipes 96 Polymer film 96 Infrared Sensor Card 96 Preserving Connectors 97 Cleaning Instrument Housings 97 Which Cleaning Procedure should I use 98 How to clean connectors 98 How to...

Страница 13: ...th a recessed lens interface 104 How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure 105 How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings 106 Additional Cleaning Information 107 How to clean bare fiber ends 107 How to clean large area lenses and mirrors 107 Other Cleaning Hints 109 ...

Страница 14: ...Getting Started with Return Loss Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 11 Getting Started with Return Loss ...

Страница 15: ...module Here you will find an introduction to the features of the module its front panel and connectors a brief explanation of the terms Return Loss and Insertion Loss a description of how to use the module to measure Return Loss and Insertion Loss a brief discussion of the theoretical background to Return Loss measurements using Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules ...

Страница 16: ...lent 81610A Return Loss Module includes a power sensor monitor diode and two couplers in one module Figure 1 The Agilent 81610A Return Loss module The Agilent 81610A series Return Loss module does not include an internal laser source It is used in conjunction with an appropriate external source to perform return loss measurements on both WDM components and broadband devices Agilent 81611A and Agil...

Страница 17: ...source in one module They are for use in the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter the Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System and the Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System for making return loss measurements Figure 3 The Contents of the Agilent 81613A and Agilent 81614A Return Loss modules All Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules include a monitor diode to compensate for power variation...

Страница 18: ...cribed in your mainframe s User s Guide Optical Output Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules are equipped with angled 8 contact optical input and output connectors Figure 5 Angled Contact Connector Symbols Figure 5 shows the symbol for angled contact connectors This symbol is colored green CAUTION In order to obtain reliable return loss values connectors must be in good condition Damage to conn...

Страница 19: ...f the system The reflection factor for a component is a measure of how much light the component reflects It is a ratio of the power reflected by the device to the power incident on the device More normally we talk about the return loss of a component The return loss has units of dB Return loss is given by Return loss can be measured in several ways A typical setup using the Agilent 81610A Return L...

Страница 20: ...bout the Insertion Loss of a component The insertion loss has units of dB Insertion Loss is given by Insertion Loss can be measured in several ways A typical setup using the Agilent 81610A Return Loss module where the DUT is a connector pair is described in Figure 7 Figure 7 Measuring the Power transmitted through the Device Under Test You can use Eil to calculate the insertion loss see Calculatin...

Страница 21: ...er Source modules Refer to the Accessories section of your mainframe s User s Guide for a list of the modules that can be installed Refer to the note below that explains use with highly coherent light sources Tunable Lasers when you want to measure Return Loss over a wavelength range Refer to the Accessories section of your mainframe s User s Guide for a list of the modules that can be installed R...

Страница 22: ...nd HMS 10 Agilent HRL and Diamond HMS 10 Agilent connectors throughout Patchcord on RL module Output It is recommended that you attach a patchcord with a high return loss connector to the Return Loss module output CAUTION Agilent Technologies supplies patchcords with a Diamond HMS 10 Agilent HRL high return loss connector on one end These patchcords are necessary so that the connector at the outpu...

Страница 23: ...s only Figure 9 Return Loss Measurement Setup Internal Source used If an external source is used connect the external source to the Return Loss module Input NOTE If you are using a Fabry Perot source you must fix its output cable to ensure minimum cable movement Attach the high return loss connector of the patchcord to the Return Loss module Output Remove electrical offsets 2 Make sure that the so...

Страница 24: ...e the speed at which the instrument can complete a measurement Figure 10 Agilent 8161x Details Screen Set Wavelength 4 Move to λ then set this parameter to Extern 5 Enable the source Calibrating the Return Loss Module Whenever a Return Loss module is in the mainframe a return loss value is displayed The calibration values used are either the most recently measured where these are available or fact...

Страница 25: ...he Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector on page 23 The Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable also allows you to make a Reflectance Calibration Use the measurement patchcord to make a Termination Calibration To measure insertion loss and the front panel delta of the system see Calculating the Front Panel Delta on page 41 you must also measure the insertion loss of the Reference Cable and measurement patch...

Страница 26: ...ation External Source or Figure 12 if you are using an internal source Agilent 81611A 2A 3A 4A Return Loss modules only Figure 12 Reflection Calibration Internal Source TIP For best results and higher repeatability fix the cable 2 Attach a component with a known return loss to the end of the patchcord TIP The Agilent 81000BR Back Reflector is such a component offering a return loss of 0 18 0 1 dB ...

Страница 27: ...eference reflection you are using For example if you are using the Agilent 81000BR reference reflector set RLref to 0 18 dB Figure 13 Measuring the Reflection Reference 6 Press Menu Move to Reflectance calibration and press Enter The instrument measures the power reflected by the back reflector The RL value changes to the same value as entered for RLref Tip An alternative step 6 is to select the R...

Страница 28: ...re using a Fabry Perot source you must fix its output cable to ensure minimum cable movement 2 Terminate the cable so that there are no reflections coming from the end TIP You can do this by wrapping the fiber five times around the shaft of a screwdriver or some similar object with a diameter of between 5mm and 7mm 3 Press Menu to access the menu 4 Move to Terminated calibration and press Enter Th...

Страница 29: ...dule against a component of known return loss 1 Attach the source to the Return Loss module s input as shown in Figure 16 Attach the high return loss connector of the reference cable to the output Figure 16 Measuring the Return Loss of the Reference Cable External source or Figure 17 if you are using an internal source Agilent 81611A 2A 3A 4A Return Loss modules only Figure 17 Measuring the Return...

Страница 30: ...on For higher accuracy we recommend that you also calibrate for Front Panel Delta This is the difference between the insertion loss of the reference cable and the insertion loss of the patchcord used for return loss measurement Measuring the Power Transmitted through the Reference Cable First measure the power tramsmitted through the Reference Cable 1 Making sure all the connectors are clean set u...

Страница 31: ...gh the reference cable EMeas as the reference value Ref 3 Press Close to exit from the menu Measuring the Power Transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord Next measure the power tramsmitted through the measurement patch cord 1 Making sure all the connectors are clean set up the instrument as shown in Figure 20 Figure 20 Measuring the Power Transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord Sensor 81...

Страница 32: ...f the measurement system Press Close to exit from the menu 3 Move to the Return Loss module channel Press Menu move to FPDelta press OK Enter the power value in dB P displayed by the power sensor as the front panel delta then press OK Press Close to exit from the menu Termination Calibration using the Measurement Patchcord Use this procedure to calibrate the Return Loss module against a terminated...

Страница 33: ...arameter Internal Source 2 Terminate the measurement patchcord so that there are no reflections coming from the end TIP You can do this by wrapping the fiber five times around the shaft of a screwdriver or some similar object with a diameter of between 5mm and 7mm 3 Move to Terminated calibration and press Enter The instrument measures the power reflected by the component and sets the Para values ...

Страница 34: ... the Return Loss of the DUT in this example a Connector Pair TIP Terminate your system close to the DUT to make sure that you are only measuring reflections from the DUT How to Measure Return Loss and Insertion Loss The return loss module together with an additional power head allow you to perform combined return loss and insertion loss measurements The figure below shows the standard measurement ...

Страница 35: ...s used are either the most recently measured where these are available or factory default values If you are unsure of the calibration values you are using or if you have changed your measurement setup make the appropriate calibration measurements again 1 Press Menu Move to the Show calibration menu item The Calibration parameters screen for the Return Loss Diode appears as displayed in Figure 26 T...

Страница 36: ...de 2 Press Next The Calibration parameters screen for the Monitor Diode appears as displayed in Figure 27 This screen shows current value for the following quantities Para the parasitic power value measured by the Return Loss module s monitor diode in dBm This value is determined by the termination calibration or you can use the default setting held in the factory calibration Ref the power measure...

Страница 37: ...rn loss Module s internal monitor diode in dBm Figure 27 The Calibration Parameters Screens Monitor Diode 3 Press Next The Calibration parameters screen for User Data appears as displayed in Figure 28 This screen shows current value for the following quantities FPDelta the loss correction in dB due to differences in loss between the reference cable and the measurement patchcord ...

Страница 38: ... Loss Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 35 RLref the value of the return loss of the reference relector used If you are using a reference cable this value will be around 14 6 dB Figure 28 The Calibration Parameters Screens User Data ...

Страница 39: ... 29 Measuring the Power from a Component with a Known Reflection Factor This measured power from the reflection reference is called PRef The following two components are recommended for use as a reflection reference the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable or the Agilent 81000BR Back Reflector NOTE Note you can only measure the Front Panel Delta if you use a Reflection Reference Cable The reflection fa...

Страница 40: ...Front Panel Delta on page 41 Figure 30 Measuring the Power transmitted through the Reflection Reference Measuring the Power when there are No Reflections Next terminate the mesurement patchcord so that there are no reflections from the end All the power measured by the sensor now is due to the non ideal nature of the measurement system This is our termination parameter Figure 31 Measuring the Powe...

Страница 41: ...anel Delta on page 41 and to calculate the insertion loss see Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT on page 43 Figure 32 Measuring the Power transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord Measuring the Reflections from the DUT Now detach the measurement patchcord from the Power Meter and attach it to the DUT The DUT should be terminated Figure 33 Measuring the Reflections from the Device Under ...

Страница 42: ... to calculate the insertion loss see Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT on page 43 Calculating the Return Loss of the DUT The system may be represented by the general diagram shown below The reflected power measured by the instrument P from the component with the known reflection factor is given by the sum of the part of the power reflected by the component which is transmitted through the ...

Страница 43: ...ering factor accounts for the directivity of the second coupler backscatter in the fiber and reflections of connectors The calibration procedure helps you to eliminate the affect of these on return loss measurements For Making a Return Loss Measurement on page 19 the reflection factor of the component is known Here we refer to the reflection factor as RRef This gives the following equation For Mea...

Страница 44: ...ing the Front Panel Delta The Front Panel Delta is the change in loss variation that is caused by replacing the reference cable as used in Reflectance Calibration on page 26 with the measurement patchcord as used in How to Measure Return Loss on page 31 This is caused by differences in reflections from the front panel connector and also differences in the backscatter level of the fibers 35HI F1 05...

Страница 45: ...er E is directly proportional Psrc That is The constant a is a multiplier giving the proportion of power that the light source emits that is measured by the power meter The constants aRef and aMeas apply to the setups described in Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Reflection Reference on page 37 and in Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement Patchcord on page 38 respectiv...

Страница 46: ... the Insertion Loss of the DUT Insertion Loss is explained in What is Insertion Loss on page 17 To measure the insertion loss you must measure the power transmitted through the measurement cable see Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement Patchcord on page 38 and the power transmitted through the DUT see Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the DUT on page 39 The equation below ...

Страница 47: ...Getting Started with Return Loss A Background to Return Loss Measurement 44 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 48: ...Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 45 Accessories ...

Страница 49: ...Return Loss Module Fifth Edition Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules are available in various configurations for the best possible match to the most common applications This chapter provides information on the available options and accessories ...

Страница 50: ... to 81113EC 81113PC Reference Cable 81610CC DIN to FC PC patchcord DIN to 81113SC External Laser Source input patchcord DIN to 81113EC 81113PC patchcord DIN to 81113SC or or 2XWSXW 5HWXUQ RVV 0RGXOH ZLWKRXW LQWHUQDO VRXUFH 5HWXUQ RVV 0RGXOH QP QP QP QP 5HWXUQ RVV 0RGXOH QJOHG FRQWDFW LQWHUIDFHV RQQHFWRU QWHUIDFHV IRU DQJOHG FRQWDFWV RQQHFWRU QWHUIDFHV IRU DQJOHG FRQWDFWV QSXW RQQHFWRU QWHUIDFHV 3 ...

Страница 51: ...Accessories Modules and Options 48 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 52: ...Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 49 Specifications ...

Страница 53: ... of Agilent Technologies s commitment to continually increasing customer satisfaction through improved quality control Specifications describe the modules warranted performance Supplementary performance characteristics describe the modules non warranted typical performance Because of the modular nature of the instrument these performance specifications apply to these modules rather than the mainfr...

Страница 54: ...symbol RL expressed in dB Return loss of the reference cable The return loss of the reference cable is defined as the return loss caused by the reflection from the surface of its straight end reference surface Conditions The reference surface shall never be brought into physical contact with anything to avoid mechanical damage no physical connection Temperature and wavelength ranges as specified N...

Страница 55: ...cified temperature as specified Wavelength Range The range of external input wavelengths for which the specified uncertainties apply Relative Uncertainty The maximum difference between a change of measured return loss and the correspondent change of actual return loss Symbol Rrel expressed in dB where Rx is the actual return loss R0 is an arbitary return loss reference and apostrophe indicates mea...

Страница 56: ...ior to measurement constant ambient temperature measurement at wavelengths for which the calibration was carried out and constant source polarization state Other conditions as specified NOTE Wavelength dependent measurements of the actual return loss can be performed by fully calibrating at each needed wavelength and using the corresponding calibration settings for each measurement Plug Play The o...

Страница 57: ...Specifications Definition of Terms 54 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 58: ...adband source with Agilent FP sources RL 55 dB 0 25 dB typ 0 5 dB RL 60 dB 0 3 dB typ 1 0 dB RL 65 dB 0 65 dB typ 2 0 dB RL 70 dB 1 7 dB Total uncertainty add 0 2 dB add typ 0 2 dB Dimensions H x W x D 75mm x 32mm x335mm 2 8 x 1 3 x 13 2 Weight 0 6 kg Recalibration period 2 years Operating temperature 10 C to 40 C Humidy Non condensing Warm up time 3 20 minutes 1 Insertion Loss is in the range of ...

Страница 59: ... Return Loss Modules the cable requires conector interface 81000SI DIN47256 Table 4 Reference Cable Specifications 81610CC Reference Cable Return Loss as printed on cable Return loss uncertainty 0 2 dB 1 Wavelengths 1310 and 1550 nm 20 nm 1 Clean reference reflector in perfect optical condition Do not use with contact type connectors ...

Страница 60: ...1610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 57 Return Loss Module Specifications with Internal Source NOTE For use with external sources the specifications of the Agilent 81610A Return Loss Module apply All modules require angled contact 8 at input and output connectors ...

Страница 61: ...B 1 9 dB typ 0 8 dB 4 RL 75 dB typ 2 0 dB 4 Total uncertainty add 0 2 dB add typ 0 2 dB Dimensions H x W x D 75 mm x 32 mm x 335 mm 2 8 x 1 3 x 13 2 Weight 1 kg Recalibration period 2 years Operating temperature 10 to 40ºC Humidy Non condensing Warm up time 5 20 minutes 1 At 25ºC constant temperature coherence control on warm up time after laser turn on 5 min 2 Averaging Time 1 s calibration prior...

Страница 62: ...Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 59 Performance Tests ...

Страница 63: ...ch the Agilent 81610A Return Loss module and the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable are tested are given in Specifications on page 49 The Return Loss of Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable is printed on the cable All tests can be performed without access to the interior of the instrument Where not otherwise specified the performance tests refer to tests carried out with Diamond HMS 10 connectors ...

Страница 64: ...ve Models Multimeter Mainframe Agilent 8163A x x x Agilent 8164A Multimeter Mainframe Agilent 8163A x Agilent 8164A ASE Source Agilent 83438A x Power Meter Standard Agilent 81634A x x x Agilent 81633A Optical Attenuator 8156A 201 x Optical Attenuator 8156A 101 x Special Optical Attenua tor 8156A Special x Polarization Controller 11896A 020 021 x x Dual Laser Source 81654A x Reference Cable 81610CC...

Страница 65: ...ies Test Failure If the Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss module fails any performance test return the instrument to the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Service Office for repair The 81610CC Reference Cable may be recalibrated using the procedure given in Calibrating the 81610CC Reference Cable on page 73 a repair is not possible Instrument Specification Specifications are the performa...

Страница 66: ...ule Fifth Edition 63 Any changes in the specifications due to manufacturing changes design or traceability to the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST are covered in a manual change supplement or revised manual Such specifications supercede any that were previously published ...

Страница 67: ...st Figure 37 Relative Uncertainty of Return Loss Calibration Setup The maximum range of the Return Loss meter is significantly affected by all parasitic reflections and backscatter returned to the optical output of the Return Loss meter To minimize these effects it is essential to use clean connectors and to minimize the fiber lengths and the number of optical connections used in the measurement s...

Страница 68: ...calibrate the Return Loss module at reference condition 8 At the Power meter press Disp Ref The Power meter should now read 0 0 dB 9 Setup the equipment as shown in Figure 38 Use an optical attenuator with angled connectors and connect the angled connector of the 81610CC Reference Cable to the output of the attenuator The optical cable from the laser source and the optical cables to and from the 8...

Страница 69: ... Make sure you enter the sign of this value correctly 11 At the optical attenuator a Set Attenuation to 60 0 dB b Set Wavelength to the wavelength of the ASE source c Enable the attenuator 12 At the Return Loss meter press TermCal to calibrate the Return Loss module at termination condition 13 At the optical attenuator set the Attenuation to 0 0 dB The measured Return Loss should now be identical ...

Страница 70: ... dB Actual Attenuation dB Subtract Result dB Effective Attenuation dB RLref dB RL AA EA 2AA RLref RL EA RLref 14 8 0 00 0 0 14 81 0 0 20 0 2 55 5 1 0 1 25 0 5 10 10 2 0 0 30 0 7 60 15 2 0 0 35 0 10 10 20 2 0 0 40 0 12 55 25 1 0 1 45 0 15 10 30 2 0 0 50 0 17 55 35 1 0 1 52 5 18 55 37 7 0 0 55 0 20 05 40 1 0 1 57 5 21 25 42 5 0 2 60 0 22 50 45 0 0 2 62 5 23 70 47 4 0 3 65 0 24 90 49 8 0 4 ...

Страница 71: ...tainty of Return Loss Calibration Setup NOTE To ensure traceability use the 81610CC Reference Cable for calibration measurements Do not use the 81610CC Reference Cable for measurements on a Device Under Test Instead use a measurement patchcord CAUTION It is important to maintain the quality of the straight connector end of the 81610CC Reference Cable Never add another connector to the straight end...

Страница 72: ...read 0 0dB 9 Setup the equipment as shown in figure D 4 Use an special pigtailed optical attenuator w an angled input and straight output connector and connect the angled connector to the output of the 81611 14A return loss module The output fiber of the optical attenuator is connected to the input of the powermeter All optical cables used in this setup should be fixed Figure 40 Relative Uncertain...

Страница 73: ...tenuation setting until the Return Loss reading matches the next value in the Test Record Note the value on the power meter in the Test Record as Actual Powermeter Reading 17 Repeat step 15 and 16 each value in the test record 18 Now determine once the maximum polarization uncertainty for this setup Connect the equipment as shown in figure D 5 Figure 41 Relative Uncertainty of Polarization 19 Adju...

Страница 74: ... Wait 50 seconds g Note the DP reading on the return loss module as the PDL value into the test record 22 For each Return Loss reading calculate the result by a Calculating the Effective Attenuation by multiplying the Actual Powermeter Reading APR by 2 b Calculate the total attenuation by totaling the effective attenuations up to the current reading c To calculate the relative uncertainty of retur...

Страница 75: ...L 14 8 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 38 0 5 20 0 2 55 5 10 5 10 0 09 0 38 0 5 25 0 2 55 5 10 10 20 0 01 0 38 0 5 30 0 2 50 5 10 15 20 0 01 0 38 0 5 35 0 2 50 5 00 20 20 0 01 0 38 0 5 40 0 2 45 4 90 25 10 0 09 0 38 0 5 45 0 2 55 5 10 30 20 0 01 0 38 0 5 50 0 2 45 4 90 35 10 14 81 0 09 0 38 0 12 0 5 52 5 1 30 2 60 37 70 0 01 0 38 0 5 55 0 1 20 2 40 40 10 0 09 0 38 0 5 57 5 1 20 2 40 42 50 0 19 0 48 0 6 60 0...

Страница 76: ...eference Cable Figure 42 81610CC Reference Cable Initial Setup 3 At the Laser Source module a Enable the Laser Source b Set the wavelength λ to 1310 nm c Press Mod Src and select Coherence Ctrl to modulate the source using coherence control NOTE Allow the Laser Source to stabilize for at least 20 minutes 4 At the Attenuator set the Wavelength to the wavelength of the Laser source 5 At the Power Se...

Страница 77: ...oving the cable as little as possible disconnect the 81610CC Reference Cable from the Power Sensor module and connect it to the output of the Return Loss module as shown in Figure 43 Figure 43 81610CC Reference Cable Setting the Calibration Reference 10 At the Return Loss module press RefCal 11 Disconnect the 81610CC Reference Cable from the Attenuator and connect the straight end to the Power Sen...

Страница 78: ...Return Loss Diode note the values of Ref and Meas 14 Calculate the Return Loss RL for this wavelengh RL _________nm Ref Meas 15 Repeat steps 1 to 14 for the upper wavelength that is 1550 nm NOTE If the return loss of the 81610CC Reference Cable differs from the value printed on the cable use the newly measured return loss value as the Reference Reflectance for the wavelength at which it was measur...

Страница 79: ...Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions 76 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 80: ..._____ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________...

Страница 81: ...6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 11 ____________________________ ____________ _________...

Страница 82: ...module Report No ________ Date ________________ Test Number Test Description Min Spec Result dB Max Spec Measurement Uncertainty I Relative Uncertainty of RL dB RL AA EA 2AA RLref RL EA RLref 15 0 0 25 0 25 20 0 0 25 0 25 25 0 0 25 0 25 30 0 0 25 0 25 35 0 0 25 0 25 40 0 0 25 0 25 45 0 0 25 0 25 50 0 0 25 0 25 52 5 0 25 0 25 55 0 0 25 0 25 57 5 0 50 0 50 60 0 0 50 0 50 62 5 1 00 1 00 65 0 1 00 1 0...

Страница 83: ...Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions 80 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 84: ..._____ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________...

Страница 85: ...___________ 6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 11 ____________________________ __________...

Страница 86: ...61_A Return Loss module Report No ________ Date ________________ Test Number Test Description Result dB Revised Spec PDL dB Spec Measure ment Uncertainty I Relative Uncertainty of RL dB RL APR EA 2APR ΣΕΑι i n RLref RL ΣΕΑι RLref RL EA RLref 15 0 0 5 20 0 0 5 25 0 0 5 30 0 0 5 35 0 0 5 40 0 0 5 45 0 0 5 50 0 0 5 52 5 0 5 55 0 0 5 57 5 0 6 60 0 0 6 62 5 0 8 65 0 0 8 67 5 1 9 70 0 1 9 ...

Страница 87: ...Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions 84 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 88: ...___________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________...

Страница 89: ..._________ ___________ 6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________ 11 ____________________________ ...

Страница 90: ...th Edition 87 Calibration of 81610CC Reference Cable Page 3 of 3 Model 81610CC Reference Cable Report No ________ Date ________________ Test Number Test Description Min Spec Result dB Max Spec Measurement Uncertainty II Reference Reflectance Wavelength Ref Meas Ref Meas 1310 nm 0 20 dB 1550 nm 0 20 dB ...

Страница 91: ...Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions 88 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 92: ...Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition 89 Cleaning Information ...

Страница 93: ...nectors and dry connections Clean the connectors interfaces and bushings carefully after use If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device Agilent Technologies assume no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements Cleaning Instructions for this Instrument This Cleaning Informati...

Страница 94: ...e is operational The laser radiation is not visible to the human eye but it can seriously damage your eyesight To prevent electrical shock disconnect the instrument from the mains before cleaning Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts Do not attempt to clean internally Do not install parts or perform any unauthorized modification to optical devices Ref...

Страница 95: ...uggest ways to help you clean your various optical devices and thus significantly improve the accuracy and repeatability of your lightwave measurements What do I need for proper cleaning Some Standard Cleaning Equipment is necessary for cleaning your instrument For certain cleaning procedures you may also require certain Additional Cleaning Equipment Standard Cleaning Equipment Before you can star...

Страница 96: ...d using denatured alcohol containing additives Instead apply alcohol used for medical purposes Never drink this alcohol as it may seriously damage to your health Do not use any other solvents as some may damage plastic materials and claddings Acetone for example will dissolve the epoxy used with fiber optic connectors To avoid damage only use isopropyl alcohol Cotton swabs We recommend that you us...

Страница 97: ...ome in various shapes and sizes The most suitable one to select for cleaning purposes has soft bristles which will not produces scratches There are many different kinds of pipe cleaner available from tobacco nists The best way to use a pipe cleaner is to push it in and out of the device opening for example when cleaning an interface While you are cleaning you should slowly rotate the pipe cleaner ...

Страница 98: ...th a magnification range about 50X up to 300X A microscope can be found in most photography stores or can be obtained through or specialist mail order companies Special fiber scopes are available from suppliers of splicing equipment Ideally the light source on your microscope should be very flexible This will allow you to examine your device closely and from different angles A microscope helps you...

Страница 99: ...h them If you are not sure how sensitive your device is to cleaning please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor Premoistened cleaning wipes Use pre moistened cleaning wipes as described in each individual cleaning procedure Cleaning wipes may be used in every instance where a moistened soft tissue or cotton swab is applied Polymer film Polymer film is available from laboratory suppli...

Страница 100: ...fiber surface When you have finished cleaning put the dust cap back on or close the shutter cap if the equipment is not going to be used immediately Always keep the caps on the equipment when it is not in use All of Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments and accessories are shipped with either laser shutter caps or dust caps If you need additional or replacement dust caps contact your nearest ...

Страница 101: ...u are unsure of how sensitive your device is to cleaning please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor How to clean connectors Cleaning connectors is difficult as the core diameter of a single mode fiber is only about 9 µm This generally means you cannot see streaks or scratches on the surface To be certain of the condition of the surface of your connector and to check it after cleanin...

Страница 102: ...an the connector by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement 3 Take a new dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol dissolved sediment and dust by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air An Alternative Procedure A better more gentle but more expensive cleaning procedure is to use an ultrasonic b...

Страница 103: ...ining lint with compressed air How to clean connector interfaces CAUTION Be careful when using pipe cleaners as the core and the bristles of the pipe cleaner are hard and can damage the interface Do not use pipe cleaners on optical head adapters as the hard core of normal pipe cleaners can damage the bottom of an adapter Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions 1 Clean the...

Страница 104: ...n cleaning a bare fiber adapter as solvents can Damage the foam inside some adapters Deposit dissolved dirt in the groove which can then dirty the surface of an inserted fiber Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the adapter 1 Clean the adapter b...

Страница 105: ...sed air Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the lens 1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol 2 Clean the lens by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement 3 Using a new dry cotton swab remove the alcohol any dissolved sediment and dust 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air How to clean instruments with a...

Страница 106: ...it is easy to scratch optical components and cause them to become misaligned How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate Some instruments for example the optical heads from Agilent Technologies have an optical glass plate to protect the sensor Clean this glass plate in the same way as optical lenses see How to clean lenses on page 102 How to clean instruments with a physical contact inter...

Страница 107: ...born Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the interface 1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol 2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement 3 Take a new dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol dissolved sediment and dust by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement 4 Blow away any remaining lint w...

Страница 108: ...interface 1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol 2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement 3 Take a new dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol dissolved sediment and dust by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air How to clean optical devices which are sens...

Страница 109: ...ure How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings This kind of device is extremely fragile A misalignment of the grating leads to inaccurate measurements Never touch the surface of the metal filter or attenuator grating Be very careful when using or cleaning these devices Do not use cotton swabs or soft tissues as there is the danger that you cannot remove the lint and that the device will be ...

Страница 110: ...der to protect the surface from dirt How to clean large area lenses and mirrors Some mirrors as those from a monochromator are very soft and sensitive Therefore never touch them and do not use cleaning tools such as compressed air or polymer film Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents grease liquid and mechanical abrasion Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these co...

Страница 111: ...le liquid soap on the surface and gently spread the liquid over the whole area 3 Wash off the emulsion with water being careful to remove it all as any remaining streaks can impair measurement accuracy 4 Take a new dry soft tissue and remove the water by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement 5 Blow away remaining lint with compressed air Alternative Procedure A To clean l...

Страница 112: ...herwise the fiber end will rub up against something which could scratch it and leave deposits Lens cleaning papers Some special lens cleaning papers are not suitable for cleaning optical devices like connectors interfaces lenses mirrors and so on To be absolutely certain that a cleaning paper is applicable please ask the salesperson or the manufacturer Immersion oil and other index matching compou...

Страница 113: ...Cleaning Information Other Cleaning Hints 110 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

Страница 114: ...put Power Range 52 Relative Uncertainty 52 Return Loss 51 Total Uncertainty 53 Wavelength Range 52 I Initial Safety Information 5 Insertion Loss 17 O Optical Output 15 P Performance Tests 60 Agilent 81610A 77 81 85 Dynamic Range 64 Relative Uncertainty 64 Required Equipment 61 Test Failure 62 R Recommended Connector Interfaces 47 Return Loss 11 Getting Started 13 Light Source 18 ...

Страница 115: ...Cleaning Information Other Cleaning Hints 112 Agilent 81610A 11A 12A 13A 14A Return Loss Module Fifth Edition ...

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Страница 117: ... Agilent Technologies GmbH 2000 2002 Printed in Germany February 20 2002 81610 90A15 81610 90A15 www agilent com ...

Страница 118: ...quipment Have surplus equipment taking up shelf space We ll give it a new home Learn more Visit us at artisantg com for more info on price quotes drivers technical specifications manuals and documentation Artisan Scientific Corporation dba Artisan Technology Group is not an affiliate representative or authorized distributor for any manufacturer listed herein We re here to make your life easier How...

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