WinGD X62DF-S2.0 Installation Manual Download

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Marine Installation Manual

X62DF-S2.0

Issue

2022-03

Summary of Contents for X62DF-S2.0

Page 1: ...Marine Installation Manual X62DF S2 0 Issue 2022 03...

Page 2: ...copyright holder Winterthur Gas Diesel Ltd makes no representation warranty express or implied in this publication and assumes no re sponsibility for the correctness errors or omissions of informatio...

Page 3: ...enting Ventilation of double wall fuel gas piping Rules for the installation of the ventilation fan have been refined and updated 4 9 4 The iCER drainage system Restructured to include the iCER diesel...

Page 4: ...1 13 1 3 2 The Flex system 1 13 iCER diesel Tier III mode 1 14 1 3 3 Operation in a mixed fuel mode 1 14 Combustion stability mode 1 14 Fuel sharing mode 1 15 1 3 4 Changeover between operating modes...

Page 5: ...ts 3 10 3 5 3 Engine installation and fixation 3 11 3 6 Assembly 3 14 3 6 1 Assembly of subassemblies 3 14 3 6 2 Installation of a complete engine 3 15 3 6 3 Installation of an engine from assembled s...

Page 6: ...e and treatment of lubricating oil 4 32 4 4 7 Drain tank 4 33 4 5 Fuel gas system 4 38 4 5 1 Safety considerations 4 38 4 5 2 Operating principles 4 39 The lean burn concept 4 39 4 5 3 Gas specificati...

Page 7: ...mulation 4 89 Solution 2 A manually bottom drained sludge oil trap 4 91 Solution 3 An automatically bottom drained sludge oil trap 4 93 4 9 2 Draining of exhaust uptakes 4 95 4 9 3 Air vents 4 95 4 9...

Page 8: ...13 5 7 1 Data collection 5 13 5 7 2 Engine diagnostic module 5 14 5 7 3 The WiDE installation process 5 15 6 Engine Dynamics 6 1 6 1 External mass forces and moments 6 2 6 1 1 Balancing of mass force...

Page 9: ...7 2 7 1 2 Regulation and calculation criteria for SOx emissions 7 3 7 1 3 Regulation and calculation criteria for CO2 emissions 7 4 7 1 4 PM emissions 7 5 7 1 5 iCER diesel Tier III mode 7 5 7 2 Engin...

Page 10: ...w engine foundation layouts 3 11 3 4 Recommended quantities of fire extinguishing medium 3 22 4 1 Common and independent systems in twin engine installations 4 2 4 2 Recommended specifications for raw...

Page 11: ...luence of options on engineering 4 116 5 1 Suppliers of remote control systems 5 4 5 2 Recommended manoeuvring steps and warm up times for FPP 5 9 5 3 Recommended manoeuvring steps and warm up times f...

Page 12: ...15 1 11 Fuel sharing mode energy amount of different ratios of fuel 1 16 1 12 Fuel transfers and gas trips 1 17 2 1 Rating field for the X62DF S2 0 2 1 2 2 Propeller curves and operational points 2 4...

Page 13: ...water circuit 4 9 4 8 LT cooling water circuit Single set point temperature 4 11 4 9 LT cooling water circuit Dual set point temperatures 4 11 4 10 Separate SAC and LT cooling circuits 4 12 4 11 HT co...

Page 14: ...essel 4 45 4 30 Pressurised Type C tank solution with NBOG handling by the gensets 4 47 4 31 Pressurised Type C tank solution with NBOG handling by the gensets and the main engine 4 48 4 32 Non pressu...

Page 15: ...iCER drainage system for installations with gas and diesel Tier III mode operation 4 98 4 59 The iCER drainage system with two separate water treatment units for installations with gas and diesel Tier...

Page 16: ...s and moments 6 2 6 2 Major components and details of the iELBA 6 3 6 3 Locating an electrically driven compensator 6 4 6 4 Forces through the engine 6 6 6 5 Lateral vibration X type and H type 6 7 6...

Page 17: ...omparison between X DF2 0 X DF and diesel engines 7 1 7 2 Speed dependent maximum allowable average of NOx emissions 7 2 7 3 Sulphur limits introduced by IMO according to MARPOL Annex VI 7 3 7 4 Sound...

Page 18: ...abling them to optimise plant components and machinery space and to carry out instal lation design work The MIM is not to be considered as a specification The build specification is subject to the law...

Page 19: ...mation which is considered important or they draw the reader s attention to special facts Example Weblinks Weblinks are written in blue italics They are preceded by the following symbols and refer to...

Page 20: ...Alignment 9710 Engine Seating Foundation 9710 01 Tool Engine Alignment 9715 Engine Stays 9721 Cooling Water Systems 9722 Lubricating Oil Systems 9723 Fuel Oil System 9724 Leakage Collection Washing S...

Page 21: ...power requirement for ancillary systems and output data suitable for estimating the size of ancillary equipment Furthermore the GTD can generate data such as the available components and options for s...

Page 22: ...er also highlights the suitability of the engine 1 1 Engine capability and features This engine type is designed to run on fuel gas or on liquid fuel The fuel gas is evaporated Liquefied Natural Gas L...

Page 23: ...ith the ISO 8217 2017 specification The HFO can have a maximum viscosity of 700cSt The MDO comprises either DMB or DFB while the MGO comprises either DMA DFA DMZ or DFZ according to the category defin...

Page 24: ...e Integrated Cylinder lubricant Auto Transfer iCAT unit is available as an option for auto mated adaptability to a change in Base Number BN of the cylinder lubricating oil This applies to engines that...

Page 25: ...ble iCER technology improves the engine performance while reducing the Greenhouse Gas GHG emissions Optionally an additional economiser see Figure 4 6 4 8 can be installed to uti lise the thermal ener...

Page 26: ...iled engine data see Table 1 4 1 6 Figure 1 1 Power speed range of the WinGD X DF engines SM 0800 60 50 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 70 80 90 100 12...

Page 27: ...rgy Consumption BSEC kJ kWh 100 power gas mode All cyl 6 982 6 747 7 089 6 845 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption BSFC g kWh 100 power diesel mode All cyl 178 0 172 0 180 0 176 0 Mean Effective Pressure...

Page 28: ...sions and masses 3 1 Table 1 5 Principal engine dimension values No of cylinders Length A mm Piston dismantling height F1a crank centre crane hook mm a For F2 and F3 piston removal with double jib cra...

Page 29: ...Tier III mode Changeover between the operating modes Transfer automatically active for changeover to or between modes with gas operation Gas trip immediate action always available while a mode with g...

Page 30: ...00 MGO MDO HFO iCER diesel Tier III mode operation 100 MGO ultra low sulphur content maximum 0 10 m m sulphur NOTE It is strongly recommended that transfer and operation in gas mode be initiated above...

Page 31: ...imately the same across the entire en gine power range This is equivalent to a range that lies between less than 1 and 2 of the total energy consumption within the full gas operating range between 10...

Page 32: ...total mechanical power output of the engine which is required for the engine operation see Figure 5 1 5 1 The same calculation method must be applied to a PTO installation on the free end side Table 1...

Page 33: ...r FRV Flow Regulating Valve SOV Shut Off Valve BPV Back Pressure Valve PHE Plate Heat Exchanger SAC Scavenge Air Cooler WMC Water Mist Catcher Scavenge air receiver Circ Tank SOV FRV Exhaust gas recei...

Page 34: ...see section 1 3 4 1 17 For engine operation on distillate fuels see the following Concept Guidance DG 9723 as provided on the WinGD webpage Operation on distillate fuels The Flex system The engine is...

Page 35: ...sel fuel ratio is dependent on the selected mixed fuel mode Combustion stability mode The Combustion Stability Mode CSM technology is specific to the engines of the X DF2 0 portfolio and can be select...

Page 36: ...n be used for reaching the balance between an LNG carrier s boil off and the desired ship speed This can be done by adjusting the ratio of the liquid to gas fuel Figure 1 10 Fuel sharing mode availabl...

Page 37: ...The automatic control is also possible through the PCS De pending on the liquid fuel s sulphur content the base number of the cylinder lu bricating oil might need to be changed as described in the se...

Page 38: ...fuel it is called a transfer If the changeover between operation mode stops the use of gas fuel therefore de faulting to diesel mode then the changeover is called a gas trip or just a trip Often a gas...

Page 39: ...el Safety Concept Transfer introducing gas The transfer from diesel mode to either gas mode or fuel sharing mode introduces gas fuel Both the GVU and the iGPR must complete a system safety test before...

Page 40: ...f design conditions The sections below outline the specifics to aid in this process 2 2 Engine rating field The rating field shown in Figure 2 1 is the area of selectable engine design power and engin...

Page 41: ...be selected within the entire rating field to meet the re quirements of each specific project Such rating points require specific engine ad aptations 2 3 Influence of propeller diameter and revolution...

Page 42: ...uirement for a constant speed The slope of this line depends on the ship s characteristics see coefficient in Formula 2 1 2 2 Any other point on this line represents a new power speed combination for...

Page 43: ...on and schedules of the ship The location of reference point A and the magnitude of the sea margin are part of the new building contract and are determined between the shipbuilder and the owner Typica...

Page 44: ...On the other hand the same ship at the same speed under service conditions with aged hull and under average weather conditions requires a power speed combination according to point B In that case poi...

Page 45: ...p to diesel mode at 102 power Line 3 Speed Limit Maximum speed limit for continuous engine running is set to 104 of CMCR speed However in diesel mode this limit can be extended to 106 Line 3a if Rx sp...

Page 46: ...oint is de fined by the propeller law Formula 2 3 Line 8 Light Running Propeller Curve Propeller curve with a light running margin typically between 4 and 7 The curve is defined by the propeller law w...

Page 47: ...nstants The area formed by Lines 1 3 5 and 9 is the range within which the engine should be operated The area limited by Line 7 Line 9 and Line 3 is recommended for continuous op eration The area betw...

Page 48: ...duration of one hour during sea trials and in the presence of an authorised engine builder representative The area between Lines 1 5 and 6 Figure 2 3 2 6 called service range with operational time lim...

Page 49: ...heavy sea conditions Mechanical power absorption of the PTO must be considered PTO incorporation of Method 1 CMCR Method 1 This first method considers the PTO as an addition to the previously defined...

Page 50: ...f the PTO operation is using a significant percentage of engine power Line 10 PTO Layout Limit The PTO layout limit Line 10 in Figure 2 5 defines the power limit for the re sulting combination of the...

Page 51: ...ich ensures that the engine operating point will not exceed Line 10 Further information The following disadvantages must be observed for Method 2 With the reduction of the light running margin as a co...

Page 52: ...engine will not enter this prohibited area However if the propeller is disconnected from the engine the engine would be capable of entering the prohibited operation area which is strictly forbidden Fi...

Page 53: ...n and shown in Figure 2 7 2 13 at 70 of R1 R2 speed the minimum engine power equals approximately 5 8 of the CMCR power point E The minimum power requirement at 100 CMCR speed point F must be calculat...

Page 54: ...ating of the engine is lowered Figure 2 8 Calculating the prohibited operation area for the CMCR speed Figure 2 8 shows an engine with a CMCR speed which is rated at 85 of the R1 R2 speed and therefor...

Page 55: ...ited area of operation for the CPP at small to zero pitch and discon nected propeller Point E is always defined at 70 of the R1 R2 speed and has a minimum power of 5 8 however in Figure 2 9 this equat...

Page 56: ...ed At this speed a minimum engine power point F of 7 4 is required Below this is the prohibited area of operation for a disconnected propeller Figure 2 10 The prohibited operation area CMCR speed R3 R...

Page 57: ...r curve is freely selected in field A At sea the engine is operated at constant speed on Line 12 between point F and CMCR For manual and emergency operation separate set points for speed and pitch are...

Page 58: ...latforms A B C D E F1b b Min height for vertical removal of piston with standard crane F2c c Min height for vertical removal of piston with double jib crane F3d d Min height for tilted removal of pist...

Page 59: ...ed information is required For details see also drawings Dismantling Dimensions DG 0812 provided on the WinGD webpage under the following links 5 cyl engine 6 cyl engine 7 cyl engine 8 cyl engine 3 1...

Page 60: ...hermal expansion dim X Y Z Calculating thermal expansion x y z X Y Z T where x y z thermal expansion X Y Z distance as per relevant pipe connection plan and outline drawing 1 15 10 5 coefficient of th...

Page 61: ...4 Content of fluids in the engine For the quantity of a specific fluid in the engine please refer to the relevant MIDS drawings as listed below Fuel oil Fuel oil system Lubricating oil Lubricating oil...

Page 62: ...Outside ambient air temperature 4 111 For project specific support please contact WinGD Reference conditions Engine performance data like BSEC BSEF tEaT and others are based on reference conditions T...

Page 63: ...ameters must be considered in the plant design to ensure a proper function of the engine and its ancillary sys tems Gas mode output can depend on ambient conditions and gas quality The cyl inder water...

Page 64: ...power requirement de pends on size type and voltage frequency of installed electric motor Direct starting or Star Delta starting to be specified when ordering 5 2 x 43 440V 60Hz 6 2 x 50 7 2 x 60 8 2...

Page 65: ...e Installation 3 3 Engine outline views X62DF S2 0 3 3 Engine outline views The latest versions of the Engine Outline Drawings DG 0812 are provided on the WinGD webpage under the following links 5 cyl...

Page 66: ...3 3 Minimum requirements for headroom Important The minimum sizes are to be taken into account when installing the engine Special attention is to be given to the minimum distance between the ship s pl...

Page 67: ...st force In addition the dynamic behaviour of engine forces requires a stiff engine seating foundation see the standard bolting in Figure 3 6 3 12 3 5 2 Engine foundation layouts Depending on the owne...

Page 68: ...ith a larger diameter than the thrust sleeve The thrust sleeve in the hole of the foundation top plate is then fixed with epoxy resin see Figure 3 6 3 12 The foundation bolts are inserted in the thrus...

Page 69: ...de stoppers and their positions are defined in the engine seating and foundation drawing The minimum required contact surface of each wedge to the engine bedplate are also provided in the drawing The...

Page 70: ...con nected to the bottom or to the cofferdam the classification society requires the use of water tight bolting for the engine fixation In these cases the use of water tight bolting protects the engin...

Page 71: ...her than the calculated figures Place the bearing caps in position and install the turning gear Ensure that the crankshaft deflections are as recorded in the Engine As sembly Records Check the bedplat...

Page 72: ...th great care to avoid stresses and distortions to the bedplate Regular crankshaft deflection readings have to be taken to observe the ef fects and any noticed deviation has to be rectified immediatel...

Page 73: ...h the design figures In the event of discrepan cies the responsible parties e g shipyard are to advise the representative of the engine builder or WinGD directly 3 7 1 Instructions and limits Alignmen...

Page 74: ...osition in the coupling with the same mark stamped adjacent to the hole The following tolerances have to be met bolt hole tolerance H7 bolt tolerance g6 clearance fit If there is any doubt that a fitt...

Page 75: ...iour see chapter 6 Engine Dynamics 6 1 are reduced by fitting lateral stays refer to section 6 2 External lateral forces and moments 6 6 and longitudinal stays see sec tion 6 3 Longitudinal vibration...

Page 76: ...evices are protected by automatic fuses Isolation of instrument wiring Ensure that instrument wiring meets the building and classification society spec ifications and that it is shielded and isolated...

Page 77: ...gure 3 11 3 21 with the op tional voltmeter This instrument is at the discretion of the owner but it is useful to observe that the potential to earth does not rise above 100mV Typical arrangement for...

Page 78: ...t earthing with condition monitoring facility Shaft monitoring Propeller shaft 35 mm2 2 5 mm2 Insulated spindle Hull structure earths to be separately connected Slip ring condition voltmeter SM 0056 P...

Page 79: ...assification society involved Steam as an alternative fire extinguishing medium is permissible for the scavenge air spaces of the piston underside but may cause corrosion if countermeasures are not ta...

Page 80: ...ting field to be obtained However for convenience or final confirmation when opti mising the plant WinGD provides a computerised calculation service All pipework systems must be flushed and proved cle...

Page 81: ...upply per engine to the scavenge air coolers from common LT cooling water circuit X Please note Parallel independent LT cooling water supply per engine to the LO cooler and HT cooling water cooler fro...

Page 82: ...engine installation SM 0191 1 Scavenge air cooler SAC 2 HT cooling water cooler engine 1 3 Lubricating oil cooler engine 1 4 HT cooling water cooler engine 2 5 Lubricating oil cooler engine 2 6 Ancill...

Page 83: ...NOx emissions Figure 4 2 Overview of the components for the iCER system with one turbocharger Exhaust Gas Cooler EGC pre and main stage Circulation tank Additional economiser optional Colour code Grey...

Page 84: ...Circulation tank Exhaust Gas Cooler EGC Back Pressure Valve BPV Shut Off Valve SOV Flow Regulating Valve FRV with shut off function Bellows to separate the engine from the piping system Bellow to com...

Page 85: ...g Valve SOV Shut Off Valve BPV Back Pressure Valve PHE Plate Heat Exchanger SAC Scavenge Air Cooler WMC Water Mist Catcher Scavenge air receiver Circ Tank SOV FRV Exhaust gas receiver EGC Return Water...

Page 86: ...of the heat as the exhaust gas passes through it This process also cleans the exhaust gas After this the ex haust gas passes through the second cooling stage of the EGC which is com prised of heat exc...

Page 87: ...re 4 6 Arrangement of the additional economiser Source Alfa Laval To keep this additional economiser compact a direct connection to the main economiser is required For this reason there is no need to...

Page 88: ...ovides for more effi cient cooling as it allows a higher heat load than seawater i e freshwater can be heated up to a higher temperature level and along with a lower flow rate allows the same cooling...

Page 89: ...he LT circuit as low as possible Warm seawater conditions may result in higher BSFC and respectively BSEC than in ISO standard design condition Arrangements of LT cooling water circuit Consequently de...

Page 90: ...be set to 25 C WinGD specification The ancillary plant temperature control valve can be set differently as the specific project requires for example between 25 and 36 C Figure 4 9 LT cooling water ci...

Page 91: ...ustomised by the shipyard or ship designer Figure 4 10 is a proposal only and the seawater pump and other equipment layout might be different As such the shipyard is free to design their own sea water...

Page 92: ...e passage of large particles and debris that could damage the pumps and impair the heat transfer across the coolers Central seawater cooler Pump type Centrifugal Capacity According to GTD The seawater...

Page 93: ...out Removal of air from the cooling water is es sential to maintain an optimal cooling effect of the engine cylinder liner Due to the gas safety requirement for the X DF engines the ventilation pipe...

Page 94: ...re than 10 Pump capacity According to GTD The flow capacity is to be within a tolerance of 10 to 20 of the GTD value Delivery headb b The pump delivery head pp will be bar where pei pressure at engine...

Page 95: ...gered and water feeding is started Control air pressure regulating valve DN15 with pressure reduction and air release function This valve reduces the control air pressure to the de sired buffer unit p...

Page 96: ...g to classification societies require ments Automatic temperature control valve Pump type Centrifugal or positive displacement Capacity 0 5m3 h Delivery head 4bar can be adjusted depending on project...

Page 97: ...trol is to be provided by a dedicated temperature sensor at the CCW outlet of the engine The flow through the heater is set by throttling discs but not by valves Use of separate pre heating pump If th...

Page 98: ...amount of heat available which in turn is dependent on the service power rating of the engine The latest version of the Concept Guidance for freshwater generator installation DG 9721 is provided on t...

Page 99: ...deposits For details refer to the chemical supply companies Monitoring the level of the corrosion inhibitor and water softness is essential to prevent down times due to component failures resulting f...

Page 100: ...shwater generator is started up or shut down The cylinder cooling water system is to be totally separated from steam sys tems Under no circumstances must there be any possibility of steam en tering th...

Page 101: ...by the EGC is captured and circulated through the water system The EGC circulation water tank stores this water which is con tinually produced from condensation The water is circulated through the sys...

Page 102: ...n the WinGD webpage under the following link Lubricants 4 4 2 Main lubricating oil system Field of application Lubrication of the main bearings thrust bearings and bottom end bearings is car ried out...

Page 103: ...olerance of 10 to 10 of the GTD value plus back flushing flow of automatic self cleaning filter if such filter is installed oil flow to torsional vibration damper if such damper is installed Delivery...

Page 104: ...n itself automatically using reverse flow or compressed air techniques Back flushing oil treatment by sludge checker Oil flow Refer to GTD Working viscosity 95cSt at working temperature Working pressu...

Page 105: ...9722 which is provided on the WinGD webpage under the fol lowing link Instruction for flushing Lubricating oil system 4 4 4 Lubrication for turbochargers For lubricating oil for turbochargers equippe...

Page 106: ...3 1 14 Since the introduction of the global limitation of sulphur content in fuels the global cap of 0 50 m m sulphur the maximum required BN is limited This permits the use of certain BN 40 to 60 cyl...

Page 107: ...6 Dual cylinder lubricating oil installation with iCAT as an optional applica tion enabling independent gas and liquid fuel maximum 0 50 m m sul phur operation with automatic iCAT changeover SM 0188 H...

Page 108: ...e preferred cylinder lubricating oil according to the fuel in use Figure 4 17 Dual cylinder lubricating oil installation without iCAT enabling inde pendent gas and liquid fuel maximum 0 50 m m sulphur...

Page 109: ...aximum 0 50 m m sulphur Service tank and storage tank The arrangement of service tank and storage tank can be changed by locating the storage tank in place of the service tank If this arrangement is p...

Page 110: ...ecification Considering the system side cylinder LO pipe length Lp the heating cable must be longer than the lubricating oil pipe i e Lc Lp Insulation of trace heated cylinder LO pipe To maintain the...

Page 111: ...e set up as purifiers and completely isolated from the fuel oil treatment systems there must be no possibility of cross contam ination Oil separator Oil samples To ensure that representative samples o...

Page 112: ...20 The total tank size is normally 5 10 greater than the amount of lubricating oil required for an initial filling Figure 4 20 Dimensioning and filling process of lubricating oil drain tank NOTE The...

Page 113: ...ent the actual config uration or the stage of development nor the type of the engine con cerned For all relevant and prevailing information see MIDS drawings 4 23 SM 0038 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1 1 Driving end...

Page 114: ...on 4 1 1 7 9 C 1 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 2 1 7 1 1 6 1 6 2 Heel to each side 22 5 c 22 5 22 5 c 22 5 c Rolling to each side 22 5 c 22 5 22 5 c 22 5 c Trim 10 10 10 10 Pitching 10 10 10 10 Electrical installatio...

Page 115: ...ng to each side 22 5 c 22 5 c 22 5 c Trim 10 a 10 10 Pitching 10 10 10 Electrical installation Abbreviation 4 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 7 1 7 1 5 1 103 1 Heel to each side 22 5 b c 22 5 b c 22 5 b c Rolli...

Page 116: ...c 22 5 c Rolling to each side 22 5 c 22 5 b c 22 5 c 22 5 c 22 5 c Trim 10 10 b 10 10 10 Pitching 10 10 b 10 10 10 Electrical installation Abbreviation 6 2 1 1 10 H 1 1 1 7 VIII 2 2 1 2 2 C 2 2 1 6 XI...

Page 117: ...for the fuel gas system DG 9727 is provided on the WinGD webpage under the following link MIDS The document Flushing Instruction for Gas Fuel Piping System is accessible under the following link Flus...

Page 118: ...r see Figure 4 22 4 40 Fuel gas admission is hydraulically actuated and electronically controlled With the lean fuel gas mixture it is possible to achieve good engine characteris tics regarding output...

Page 119: ...3 4 40 4 Ancillary Systems 4 5 Fuel gas system X62DF S2 0 Figure 4 22 Lean burn with pilot ignition Figure 4 23 Lean burn operation window SM 0112 Scavenging Compression gas admission Ignition Expansi...

Page 120: ...w point of water 20 C Oil aerosol liquid and vapour 1mg Nm3 Gas cleanliness Gas is considered as sufficiently clean b b Contamination from the fuel gas supply system must be avoided e g by correct pip...

Page 121: ...calculation An application provided by the European Association of Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers EUROMOT allows calculating the methane number of natural gas mixtures The application is fre...

Page 122: ...th an inde pendent fuel gas shut off valve At least one of these shut off valves should close in suitable time to prevent unnecessary venting of fuel gas or at least to restrict the amount of vented f...

Page 123: ...free standing Type A tank Free standing Type B tank Same as the Type A tank the Type B tank is also designed to be non pressurised and will respond to pressure increase by expansion Consequently it i...

Page 124: ...he two single cylinders which otherwise would be not be utilised No secondary barrier is required for Type C tanks but instead gas leakage detectors are placed in the hold space Figure 4 28 Section vi...

Page 125: ...o distin guish from FBOG The relative amount of liquid in relation to the total tank volume which evaporates from the LNG tank per day determines the Boil Off Rate BOR The BOR is provided as a percent...

Page 126: ...be required depending on the design tank pressure and the gas feed pressure demand of the gensets Figure 4 30 Pressurised Type C tank solution with NBOG handling by the gensets Type C tank Solution 2...

Page 127: ...tank solution drawn for an LNGC SM 0684 BOG LNG GVU GVU GVU iGPR GVU Emergency pressure release From the bunkering station Pre heater NBOG compressor Low pressure vaporiser Up to 16 bar g Cryogenic s...

Page 128: ...ing process of the compressed NBOG Cooling by the Reversed Brayton effect The alternative method for cooling is a refrigeration process where a heat ex changer is able to remove enough heat from the N...

Page 129: ...of this approach are that it is a much simpler system setup re quiring usually a smaller plant size As a result it also requires less maintenance while being more energy efficient However a sub cooler...

Page 130: ...of pressure fluctuation and a safety margin for pressure losses Design fuel gas supply pressure selection The graph in Figure 4 34 4 52 indicates the required minimum design fuel gas supply pressure...

Page 131: ...than 90 CMCR power if the LHV is just as low as 32MJ Nm3 A pressure drop of 0 5bar across the FGSS is considered The real pressure drop needs to be calculated by the shipyard or the FGSS supplier see...

Page 132: ...LHV the engine can still operate with high output if the fuel gas is supplied with an LHV of 28MJ Nm3 e g more than 90 CMCR power if designed for an LHV of 32MJ Nm3 A pressure drop of 0 5bar across t...

Page 133: ...m interfaces The data transmitted to the FGSS includes an additional pressure offset to ac commodate for pressure losses and dynamic load changes in the system The pressure offset is a project specifi...

Page 134: ...s for ac quiring the FGSS delivery pressure Figure 4 37 provides an overview of the gas pressure from the FGSS input by way of the iGPR or the GVU inlet to the final pressure level at the engine s gas...

Page 135: ...with inert gas and venting Fuel gas temperature monitoring The iGPR is mounted on the engine and has the same installation principles as applied to the fuel gas supply system which is located in the e...

Page 136: ...purging Purging and venting valves The iGPR is installed with multiple valves that isolate inert gas and vent lines from the main fuel gas piping In the event that a gas trip is initiated by the safet...

Page 137: ...on proof GVU room GVU within a housing The GVU within a housing e g GVU ED enclosed design from W rtsil see Figure 4 40 4 59 is a solution where all the equipment is mounted inside a gas tight casing...

Page 138: ...the load command This is done by means of a pressure regulating valve that is controlled by the PCS A smaller gas volume between the pressure control valve and the engine improves the response time o...

Page 139: ...ystem can be considered However this kind of arrangement must be accepted by the classification society on a case by case basis Interconnection of vent lines To prevent gas venting to another engine d...

Page 140: ...ature is below the dew point of the annular space ventilation air then dry air needs to be supplied for the engine s annular space ventilation to prevent condensation This can be achieved by supplying...

Page 141: ...tion Vi 3Va Nm3 where Vi minimum required inert gas volume Nm3 Va total volume of the space to be purged including the main en gine s internal gas piping the external gas supply piping and the rel eva...

Page 142: ...ifferential before and after the valve The valve supplier must provide a suitable valve for the calculated Vi and the selected pi as well as the re sulting purging duration time Shipyards can consult...

Page 143: ...s of the fuel gas pipe as shown in Figure 4 41 and Figure 4 42 Figure 4 41 Gas leak test sequence engines with iGPR Figure 4 42 Gas leak test sequence engines with GVU NOTE If the inert gas pressure i...

Page 144: ...the combustion chamber to ignite the gas charge The pilot fuel system is designed for operation on MDO DMB DFB grades and MGO DMA DFA DMZ DFZ grades The diesel oil is delivered by a fuel oil feed pump...

Page 145: ...ion acts as a pressure accumulator against pressure pulses Pilot injection valves and pre chambers The X DF engine uses pilot injectors with built in solenoid valves The injectors are electronically c...

Page 146: ...ties cover the needs of the engine only If a filter of automatic back flushing type is in stalled the feed and booster pump capacities must be in creased by the quantity needed for back flushing of th...

Page 147: ...om the project specific GTD data sheet 4 7 1 Fuel oil system components The following components are associated with a fuel oil system of maximum fuel flexibility i e operation on heavy fuel oils and...

Page 148: ...unit to prevent water in the system from vaporising into steam The pump whilst considering system pressure drop must provide a minimum of 1bar above the water vapour pressure and al ways be above a 3b...

Page 149: ...ad operation only a small mixing unit is required It is recommended that the tank contains no more than approx 100 litres This is to avoid the changeover from HFO to MDO MGO or vice versa taking too l...

Page 150: ...s provided on the WinGD webpage under the following link Concept Guidance Distillate Fuels Figure 4 46 Mixing unit Type Cylindrical steel fabricated pressure vessel as shown in Figure 4 46 Capacity Re...

Page 151: ...motor The electric motor driving the HP booster pump must be sized large enough for the power absorbed by the pump at maximum pressure head difference between inlet and outlet pressure maximum fuel o...

Page 152: ...xchanger that is included as shown in Concept Guidance Distillate Fuels uses low temperature cooling water A chiller unit cooling from refrigeration is not required if the fuel properties are in line...

Page 153: ...be referred to as the absolute sphere passing mesh size Approximately all particles larger than the specified size will be trapped on or within the filter Nominal Filtration Grade This value is typica...

Page 154: ...r fineness SM 0206 Main Engine 1 HFO LSHFO settling storage and separation system 2 MDO MGO settling storage and separation system 3 Automatic fuel changeover unit 4 Feed pump Low pressure 5 Automatic...

Page 155: ...Disadvantage Engine is not optimally protected against booster pump wear particles Working viscosity 100cSt for HFO of 700cSt at 50 C Flow rate According to GTD The capacities cover the needs of the...

Page 156: ...osity 10 20cSt required for HFO 13 17cSt recommended Flow rate According to GTD The capacities cover the needs of the engine only If a filter of automatic back flushing type is in stalled the feed and...

Page 157: ...ired for HFO 13 17cSt recommended Flow rate According to GTD The capacities cover the needs of the engine only If a filter of automatic back flushing type is in stalled the feed and booster pump capac...

Page 158: ...of the fuel oil treatment system and gives no indi cation when the automatic self cleaning filter fails NOTE The self cleaning performance must be suitable for the required filter fineness NOTE WinGD...

Page 159: ...p can be replaced with a single delivery pump If this option is selected the pump must be located in the recircula tion piping and must not be too high relative to the fuel oil tanks see H in Figure 4...

Page 160: ...on may be needed for off spec fuels that are not supported by WinGD Fuel oil filter An automatic self cleaning filter with a maximum of 10 m mesh size must be in stalled close to engine inlet as indic...

Page 161: ...lating line with an inlet just above the bottom of the service tank leads back to the settling tanks Diesel oil service tanks are similar to heavy oil service tanks with the possible exception of tank...

Page 162: ...he performance of separators according to a common standard the term Certified Flow Rate CFR has been introduced CFR is defined as the flow rate in litres hour 30 minutes after sludge discharge at whi...

Page 163: ...needed in rare cases only for instance due to maintenance or before stopping the engine i e at relatively low loads Automatic changeover unit Consequently a well proven automatic changeover unit is no...

Page 164: ...50 000 20 000 10 000 5 000 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 000 800 600 400 300 200 150 100 80 70 60 50 45 40 36 Seconds Saybolt Universal Seconds Redwood No 1 Kinematic viscosity mm 2 s cSt 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60...

Page 165: ...The starting and control air system shown in Figure 4 52 comprises two air com pressors two air receivers and systems of pipework and valves connected to the engine starting air manifold Figure 4 52 A...

Page 166: ...e must not exceed 90 C and the air supply to the compressors is to be as clean as possible without oil vapour Starting air receivers 1 Propeller inertia includes the part of entrained water 2 The GTD...

Page 167: ...ir purity class 5 4 3 ac cording to ISO 8573 1 2010 04 15 Control air consumption The required control air flow capacities are shown in Table 4 14 These data can be used for sizing the relevant engine...

Page 168: ...ed and produced ac cordingly Installation requirements It is recommended to install the sludge oil trap as close as possible to the main engine The drain pipe must have a minimum slope of 15 as the sl...

Page 169: ...m the bottom of the piston underside area These solids settle at the bottom of the sludge oil trap At the same time the liquid part is drained by an overflow pipe which is equipped with an orifice to...

Page 170: ...he oil drain is working properly If instead there is an oil flow this would indicate that the orifice of the overflow pipe is blocked and requires manual cleaning For manual sludge removal partially u...

Page 171: ...quickly and as soon as the sludge oil trap becomes empty Otherwise the sludge oil tank will become pressurised by the scavenge air Transfer to the sludge oil tank by pump If the manual bottom drain i...

Page 172: ...ting device at the bottom of the sludge oil trap must be installed to ensure that the sludge emulsion can be properly drained through the automatic bottom drain which is designed as an automatic valve...

Page 173: ...sal of an automatically bottom drained sludge oil trap SM 0772 Sludge oil drain from piston underside Drain to sludge oil tank or to sludge oil pump Sight glass Orifice 5 10 mm Automatic bottom drain...

Page 174: ...s have to be fully functional at all incli nation angles of the ship at which the engine must be operational This is nor mally achieved if the vent pipes have an uninterrupted inclination of min 5 Suc...

Page 175: ...ater content is below 15 ppm then a switching valve directs bleed off water over board Otherwise the bleed off water is stored in the EGC drain tank When the vessel is operating in special areas or un...

Page 176: ...the design can also be made for solutions with lower concentrations typically for 25 or 30 m m NaOH If the oil in water content of the bleed off water and the SAC drain water during iCER operation ex...

Page 177: ...ion Alternatively an iCER drainage system with two separate water treatment units can be considered One unit handles the bleed off water and the SAC drain water during iCER operation the other handles...

Page 178: ...unteracts the acid build up from washing of the exhaust gas The water acidity and quality are measured by sensors which are installed in the EGC circulation water bypass stream These sensors are conne...

Page 179: ...ty as a measure of salt concentration within the cooling water If the salt level becomes too high the EGC control unit will force a bleed off of the cooling water The bleed off function can also be ma...

Page 180: ...el and or to avoid material damage When a rupture disc with flameless pressure relief is selected and installed pre ventative measures must be taken to ensure that exhaust gas does not continu ously f...

Page 181: ...n Economiser EGC Exhaust Gas Cooler with demister at outlet FRV Flow Regulating Valve SOV Shut Off Valve BPV Back Pressure Valve SAC Scavenge Air Cooler WMC Water Mist Catcher FRV BPV SOV Exhaust gas...

Page 182: ...lla tions with two turbochargers the exhaust gas return pipe must be routed below the level of the turbochargers This prevents water droplets in the exhaust gas flow or water condensate on the pipe wa...

Page 183: ...X62DF S2 0 Figure 4 63 Example of an exhaust gas piping arrangement with one turbocharger Figure 4 64 Example of an exhaust gas piping arrangement with two turbochargers For additional details on the...

Page 184: ...ed and typically provided as part of the overall engine room ventilation system Approximately 50 of the overall en gine room ventilation air is for the main engine s combustion while the other half is...

Page 185: ...rfor mance especially during tropical conditions Alternatively a ventilation system with a direct air suction layout can be ar ranged where the ventilation system connects the outside ambient air dire...

Page 186: ...1 Engine room ventilation system By ensuring that the air flow from the ventilation outlet to the turbocharger inlet is as direct as possible the air intake is at its coolest The ventilation arrangeme...

Page 187: ...is no need for ventilation fans in this arrangement However it is still essential that the ventilation inlet is protected typically with a weather hood and louvres A separate filter unit if required c...

Page 188: ...risk of increased wear to the piston rings and cylinder liners Table 4 16 Guidance for air filtration All filters surfaces must be sized correctly to ensure full functionality of the fil tration This...

Page 189: ...0 25 20 18 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 5 7 8 9 10 14 16 18 20 25 6 12 Filter surface m2 4 3 3 4 2 5 2 2 5 I n e r t i a l s e p a r a t o r R o l l e r s c r e e n f i l t e r Panel filter or oil w etted fi...

Page 190: ...over a wide range of ambient air temperatures hot and cold limits should be considered When operating within the normal temperature range of 5 to 45 C see 3 2 2 Operating conditions 3 5 the engine do...

Page 191: ...the document Fluid Velocities and Flow Rates DG9730 The pump delivery head proposals provided by the GTD are based on system layouts which follow these recommended values However the values which are...

Page 192: ...g end side a shaft power meter see subsection Shaft power meter requirements 1 11 and an earthing device see section 3 10 2 Earthing device 3 19 must be placed between the PTO PTI PTH and the main eng...

Page 193: ...AC 6 AC AC 5 AC AC AC AC 2 AC AC AC AC 10 AC AC 11 3 1 2 AC AC 13 AC AC 14 AC AC 12 4 1 2 CPP Clutch Gear box Tunnel gear box 1 2 2 speed tunnel gear box FPP AC AC Generator Machine Torsional coupling...

Page 194: ...the influence of the permanent magnetic pull force 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X means that the arrangement is possible for the WinGD X62DF S2 0 engine NOTE...

Page 195: ...haft bearing layout has to be properly selected and adjusted to comply with the given alignment rules For further details refer to section 3 7 Engine and shaft alignment 3 16 Bearing load due to exter...

Page 196: ...one or several cases which are illustrated below Operation area and prohibited area The following illustrations indicate how the engine generator unit can be oper ated The prohibited operation area is...

Page 197: ...r Figure 4 71 CPP in constant speed operation without frequency converter SM 0202 100 0 0 100 speed power power curve Valid for CPP with a frequency converter Applicable to options 2 6 8 10 12 14 oper...

Page 198: ...applications X62DF S2 0 Figure 4 72 CPP with two fixed operation speeds without frequency converter SM 0204 prohibited operation area operation area Valid for CPP without a frequency converter in com...

Page 199: ...ol systems DENIS The Diesel Engine CoNtrol and optImising Specification DENIS interface contains specifications for the engine management of all WinGD two stroke marine diesel engines ECS WinGD provid...

Page 200: ...tems to the common rail system engines The data bus connection pro vides clear signal exchange 5 2 2 Approved propulsion control systems Propulsion control systems including remote control safety and...

Page 201: ...components for control alarm and indication the specification contains the following List of alarm and display functions to be realised in the vessel s AMS Control diagram of the engine Signal list i...

Page 202: ...he bridge see Figure 5 3 5 5 The different items normally communicate via se rial bus connections The engine signals described in the DENIS specification are usually connected via terminal boxes on th...

Page 203: ...ost cases built to be placed either inside the ECR console or in a separate cabinet to be located in the ECR The operator panels are to be inserted in the ECR console s surface SM 0282 Ship Alarm Syst...

Page 204: ...these indications the RCS applied to the common rail system engine includes displaying the primary values from the ECS like fuel pressure servo oil pressure etc Safety system Main functions Emergency...

Page 205: ...2 03 5 7 5 Engine Automation 5 4 Propulsion control systems X62DF S2 0 Options Bridge wing control Command recorder Figure 5 4 Propulsion control A A E H D A S T E R N STOP SLOW HALF FULL FULL HALF SL...

Page 206: ...magnitude of any change in power it takes time to reach the re quired engine output see the graphs and tables in this section 5 4 2 Figure 5 5 Manoeuvring speed power settings for FPP CPP installation...

Page 207: ...ended CMCR speed Corresponding power Recommended warm up time per load step min Min warm up time per load step min DEAD SLOW 25 35 1 5 4 5 0 0 SLOW 35 45 4 9 0 0 HALF 45 55 9 17 0 1 0 1 FULL 60 70 22...

Page 208: ...s and warm up times for CPP Load reduction is possible in half the time of values mentioned in Table 5 3 Figure 5 7 Full sea load steps in CPP load up program Manoeuvring position Recommended CMCR pow...

Page 209: ...ne builder for mounting on the engine and con necting to the sensors The integrated solution facilitates commissioning and testing of the alarm signals set on the engine maker s testbed and limits the...

Page 210: ...ding to operational requirements When decreasing the values for slow down times the delay times for the respec tive shut down functions are to be adjusted accordingly 5 6 2 Requirements of WinGD and c...

Page 211: ...DE to monitor engine perfor mance predict component malfunctions and to support the crew with live trou bleshooting and a diagnostic advisory service WiDE also enhances remote troubleshooting support...

Page 212: ...also enables a progressive performance evaluation and improvement Prediction and troubleshooting The real time engine analysis performed by WiDE provides an early anomaly de tection warning If a poten...

Page 213: ...t as the data it collects provides the information required for the engine s digital twin The process ensures that the WiDE system is fully op erational by the time of the vessel s maiden voyage Figur...

Page 214: ...nsideration the causes and relevance After considering the external forces and moments types this section explores the resulting vibration along with recommended considerations and counter measures re...

Page 215: ...ces and moments Forces With a regular firing order of evenly distributed crank angles an engine will in herently balance the summation of all vertical FV and horizontal FH free forces Sometimes the fi...

Page 216: ...y recommends the use of either of the following countermeasures for 5 and 6 cylinder engines Engine fitted electric balancer s iELBA An electrically driven compensator fitted to the ship s structure T...

Page 217: ...sponsibility of the shipyard Electrically driven compensator external compensator Alternatively or if the ship s vibration pattern is not known at an early stage an electrically driven compensator can...

Page 218: ...PRU values of an engine are dependent on the number of cylinders The resulting PRU values are graphically displayed in the link below along with the likelihood of needing a compensator External force...

Page 219: ...ngine speed Figure 6 4 Forces through the engine The forces between the piston and the connecting rod reaction cause a lateral force to act on the crosshead guide rails The lateral forces at the guide...

Page 220: ...ape where both sides of the top of the engine the driving and free end vibrate together in phase The lat eral guide forces FL result in a lateral moment expressed as resulting lateral H type moment ML...

Page 221: ...eral stays If required lateral stays i e stays in the lateral direction must be fitted between the upper engine platform and the ship hull to prevent harmful resonance condi tions The main function of...

Page 222: ...e The air chamber provides little to no damping effect The two general arrangements for both stay types are shown below in Figure 6 7 and Figure 6 8 Figure 6 7 General arrangement of hydraulic type st...

Page 223: ...shipyards are free to select a different number of lateral stays From the project specific external forces and moments the values to consider are the lateral H type moment MLH and the lateral X type...

Page 224: ...pe stays may be required The final number of required lateral stays must be specified by the shipyard e g based on experience or on sea trial test results SM 0795 Installation of lateral stays on the...

Page 225: ...ne s exhaust side 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Usually no stays are required for 7 cyl 8 7 6 Recommended 4 Optional Recommended 2 Optional 2 Recommended 2 Optional 2 Recommended...

Page 226: ...ruc ture Alternatively two compensators one fitted at each end of the engine upper platform can be applied synchronised in phase For X type vibration two compensators one fitted at each end of the en...

Page 227: ...ot because of inadmissible longitudinal vibrations at the engine top but because of possible disturbing longitudinal vibrations in the super structure close to nominal speed By fitting longitudinal st...

Page 228: ...Instructions for WinGD friction type stays DG 9715 which is provided on the WinGD webpage under the following link Assembly instruction Friction type stays The layout of friction type stays are as sho...

Page 229: ...d ship during sea trials All data required for torsional vibration calculations should be made available to the engine supplier in an early design stage see section 6 9 6 26 Barred speed range BSR At...

Page 230: ...be supplied with oil from the engine s lubricating oil system Depending on the torsional vibration energy to be absorbed the damper can dissipate up to 180kW of energy this will be based on the numbe...

Page 231: ...be problematic if it is below approximately 1 5Hz Here there is a risk of engine speed instability where the engine constantly adjusts its speed to compensate the rotating vibration this must be cons...

Page 232: ...vibrating and resonating at several frequencies This would result in excessive stress in the crankshaft and in some cases can lead to excessive vibration of the upper part of the engine Reduction of...

Page 233: ...relevant in propulsion shafting with di rectly coupled low speed 2 stroke engines Typically whirling vibrations are only relevant in 2 stroke installations having a very long shaft line longer than 60...

Page 234: ...equire the fitting of second order mass moment compensators lateral longitudinal stays electrical H type or X type compensators and or torsional vibration dampers Avoiding problematic hull vibrations...

Page 235: ...termeasure is not relevant No of cyl Lateral stays Longitudinal stays 5 A C Aa a A for installations having the main torsional critical above nominal speed installations with in creased shaft diameter...

Page 236: ...nance in the surrounding vessel structure Alteration of phase angles With twin engine vessels the resulting vibration amplitude is equal to the sum of both engines and is therefore dependent on the ph...

Page 237: ...ing system Main controller and user interface in ECR The main controller is installed in the engine control room along with the user in terface where the relative phase difference angle provided by Wi...

Page 238: ...ontrol On and Esti mate Only modes These conditions are Both engines are running in ahead direction in normal operational condi tion and unrestricted operation conditions no protective actions of the...

Page 239: ...to assist with system dynamics and vibration analysis All questionnaires and forms can be downloaded from the WinGD webpage under the following link Questionnaires for shaft calculations Forms should...

Page 240: ...ssions include oxides of carbon CO and CO2 oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 oxides of sulphur SO2 and SO3 and Particulate Matter PM Exhaust gas emissions are a critical topic of interest in the shipping...

Page 241: ...el keel laying the weighted average NOx emission of the engine must not exceed the maximum al lowable value as indicated by the respective curves in Figure 7 2 Figure 7 2 Speed dependent maximum allow...

Page 242: ...020 Figure 7 3 Sulphur limits introduced by IMO according to MARPOL Annex VI SOx Calculation criteria Total SOx emissions are linked mainly to two factors The first factor is the sulphur content of th...

Page 243: ...ciency Ex isting Ship Index EEXI and to establish their annual operational Carbon Inten sity Indicator CII and CII rating CO2 Calculation criteria Currently only CO2 is considered in EEXI and CII In t...

Page 244: ...ormula Formula 7 5 where mCO2eq CO2 equivalent emissions kg h BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption g kWh CFx Conversion Factor BSPC Brake Specific Pilot Fuel Consumption g kWh PME Engine Power kW 7 1...

Page 245: ...with ISO NR Curves Overall average values LpA in dB A and expected maximal overall single point values Free field conditions Near the turbocharger air intake the maximum measured noise level will nor...

Page 246: ...0 2 5X62DF S2 0 31 5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 120 110 100 90 80 70 Octave band centre frequency in Hz Lp dB NR80 110 120 40 50 NR70 60 30 100 Overall average LpA in dB A LpA in dB A 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2...

Page 247: ...oise level by about 6dB Figure 7 5 Exhaust noise reference point Silencer after economiser Depending on the actual noise level allowed on the bridge wing which is nor mally between 60 and 70dB A a sim...

Page 248: ...7 6 Sound pressure level at funnel top of exhaust gas system SM 0806 NR60 70 100 80 110 120 130 31 5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Octave band centre frequency in Hz 140 L...

Page 249: ...tarts to vibrate and thus emits noise The sound pressure levels in the accommodations can be estimated with the aid of standard empirical formulas and the vibration velocity levels Figure 7 7 Structur...

Page 250: ...ings and running gear are clearly marked cylinder by cylinder 8 2 Protection of disassembled engines All parts have to be protected against damage by careful crating and from corro sion by applying ru...

Page 251: ...ors can also be found here 9 1 Classification societies Table 9 1 List of classification societies IACS International Association of Classification Societies ABS American Bureau of Shipping KR Korean...

Page 252: ...Barred Speed Range FQS Fuel Quality Setting CCR Conradson Carbon Residue FRV Flow Regulating Valve CCW Cylinder Cooling Water FSM Fuel Sharing Mode CCWC Cylinder Cooling Water Cooler FW Freshwater CE...

Page 253: ...LHV Lower Heating Value PRU Power Related Unbalance LNG Liquefied Natural Gas PSV Purging Sealing Valve LO Lubricating Oil PTH Power Take Home LOC Lubricating Oil Cooler PTI Power Take In LowTV Low T...

Page 254: ...rger WECS WinGD Engine Control System tEaT Temperature Exhaust gas After Turbocharger WHR Waste Heat Recovery tEbE Temperature Exhaust gas Before Economiser WiCE WinGD Integrated Control Electronics T...

Page 255: ...F Force N MN kN f v Frequency Hz 1 s I Current A I J Moment of inertia radius kgm2 l L Length m cm mm la lp Second moment of area m4 K Coefficient of heat transfer W m2 K L Angular momentum Nsm L A TO...

Page 256: ...at J kJ MJ kWh Z W Section modulus m3 T Temperature interval K C Angular acceleration rad s2 Linear expansion coefficient 1 K Angle rad Surface tension N m Dynamic viscosity Ns m2 Thermal conductivity...

Page 257: ...kg 1 short ton 907 2 kg 1 tonne 1000 kg Volume fluids 1 Imp pint 0 568 l 1 U S pint 0 473 l 1 Imp quart 1 136 l 1 U S quart 0 946 l 1 Imp gal 4 546 l 1 U S gal 3 785 l 1 Imp barrel 36 Imp gal 163 66 l...

Page 258: ...Marine Installation Manual 2022 03 9 8 9 Appendix 9 4 Approximate conversion factors X62DF S2 0 Area 1 in2 6 45 cm2 1 ft2 929 cm2 1 yd2 0 836 m2 1 acre 4047 m2 1 sq mile of land 640 acres 2 59 km2...

Page 259: ...the industry standard for environmental sustainability reliability efficiency and safety WinGD provides designs training and technical support to engine manufacturers shipbuilders and ship operators...

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