Western Digital caviar blue xl500s Technical Reference Manual Download

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chnical Reference Manual

WD CONFIDENTIAL

WD Caviar

Blue

™

XL500S

SATA Hard Drives

WD5000AAKX

WD5000AAKS

WD3200AAKX

WD2500AAKX

Summary of Contents for caviar blue xl500s

Page 1: ...Technical Reference Manual WD CONFIDENTIAL WD Caviar Blue XL500S SATA Hard Drives WD5000AAKX WD5000AAKS WD3200AAKX WD2500AAKX ...

Page 2: ...Digital WD the WD logo and WD Caviar are registered trademarks and WD Caviar Blue IntelliSeek NoTouch Data Lifeguard CacheFlow and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies Inc Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies Western Digital 20511 Lake Forest Drive Lake Forest CA 92630 2679 701211 A06 Document Control Number Definition 2679 701xxx 0xx Px NRD Doc Cont...

Page 3: ...2679 701211 A06 RELEASED 10 21 10 WD CONFIDENTIAL WD Caviar Blue XL500S Technical Reference Manual ...

Page 4: ...RELEASED 10 21 10 WD CONFIDENTIAL 2679 701211 A06 ...

Page 5: ... 2 8 Agency Approvals 14 2 9 Full Model Number Specification 14 3 PRODUCT FEATURES 15 3 1 SATA 6 Gb s and 3 Gb s 15 3 2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording PMR 16 3 3 IntelliSeek 16 3 4 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology 16 3 5 Native Command Queuing NCQ 16 3 6 Pre emptive Wear Leveling PWL 16 3 7 Femto Slider 17 3 8 S M A R T Command Transport SCT 17 3 8 1 Write Same 17 3 8 2 Read Write Long 17 3 8 3 Temp...

Page 6: ...s 29 4 2 S M A R T B0h 29 4 2 1 Read Attribute Values Sub Command 29 4 2 2 Supported Attributes 31 4 2 3 Read Log Sector 32 4 3 Identify Device ECh 33 4 4 Set Features EFh 39 5 INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES 40 5 1 Unpacking 40 5 1 1 Handling Precautions 40 5 1 2 Inspection of Shipping Container 40 5 1 3 Removal From Shipping Container 40 5 1 4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag 40 5 1 5 Moving ...

Page 7: ...nting Dimensions 7 Figure 2 2 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location 11 Figure 2 3 Forced Airflow Direction 12 Figure 2 4 Standard Factory Connectors 13 Figure 5 1 SATA 6 Gb s Jumper Settings 42 Figure 5 2 SATA 3 Gb s Jumper Settings 43 Figure 5 3 Connector Locations 44 Figure 5 4 SATA Interface Cable 44 ...

Page 8: ...ce Pin Connector Pin Definitions 13 Table 2 3 Full Model Number Description 14 Table 4 1 ATA 8 Command Opcodes 27 Table 4 2 Optional Subcommands 28 Table 4 3 Obsolete Command Opcodes 28 Table 4 4 SCT Action Codes 29 Table 4 5 Definitions for the 512 Bytes 29 Table 4 6 Defined Error Logging Sectors 32 Table 4 7 Identify Device Command 33 ...

Page 9: ...ever touches the disk surface These drives scored a perfect 5 9 on the Windows Experience Index and are Windows Vista certified These hard drives are your best choice for today s powerful information hungry systems running Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2003 Server Windows Vista Windows XP and Windows 2000 operating systems on Intel Itanium Xeon and Pentium 4 as well as AMD processors WD s r...

Page 10: ...gainst mechanical wear In cases where the drive is so busy with incoming commands that it is forced to stay in a same cylinder position for a long time the PWL control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become depleted This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high incidence of read write operations at the same ph...

Page 11: ...to the hard disk 48 bit Logical Block Addressing LBA WD SATA drives support both 48 bit and 28 bit LBA and CHS based addressing LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration Power Management The drive supports the ATA and SATA power management command set allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by issuing a va...

Page 12: ...ge Spindle Stop Time 5 1s average Load Unload Cycles4 300 000 1 As used for buffer or cache one megabyte MB 1 048 576 bytes As used for transfer rate or interface megabyte per second MB s one million bytes per second and gigabit per second Gb s one billion bits per second Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA IO organ...

Page 13: ...imum Likelihood 1 Specifications represented are of a typical production drive and may be subject to change or variation without notice 2 As used for storage capacity one megabyte MB one million bytes one gigabyte GB one billion bytes and one terabyte TB one trillion bytes Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment As used for buffer or cache one megabyte MB 1 048 576 byte...

Page 14: ...6 2 2 1 Physical Dimensions English Metric Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance Height 1 028 inches MAX 26 1 mm MAX Length 5 787 inches MAX 147 0 mm MAX Width 4 00 inches 0 01 inch 101 6 mm 0 25 mm Weight QD 0 99 pounds 10 0 45 kg 10 Weight STD 0 97 pounds 10 0 44 kg 10 ...

Page 15: ...cifications 2679 701211 A06 RELEASED 10 21 10 WD CONFIDENTIAL 7 2 3 Mechanical Specifications Figure 2 1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive Figure 2 1 Mounting Dimensions ...

Page 16: ... Operating Mode RMS Current1 Power Average1 12 VDC 5 VDC Spinup 1 6A max 490 mA 12 9W Read Write 275 mA 535 mA 6 0W Seek 300 mA 525 mA 6 3W POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Operating Mode RMS Current1 Power Average1 12 VDC 5 VDC Idle E1H 275 mA 450 mA 5 6W Standby E0H 6 mA 170 mA 0 92W Sleep E6H 6 mA 170 mA 0 92W 1 All values are typical 25 C 5 0V and 12V input 3 3V Serial ATA power not utilized in this ...

Page 17: ...alata org At the time of this printing there are no published standards for SATA power mating connectors or power data cable wire gauges Cabling Requirements for SATA The SATA cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs The cable may also include drain wires to be terminated to the ground pins in the SATA cable receptacle connectors See the SATA 1 0 specification for cable specific...

Page 18: ... a time The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2 1 Packaged Shock and Vibration The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National International Safe Transit Association N ISTA standards for packaged products The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N ISTA standards Shock Operating 30G 2 ms read write...

Page 19: ...radient 20 C hour maximum Humidity Gradient 20 hour maximum Non operating Temperature 40 C to 70 C Humidity 5 95 RH non condensing 33 C maximum wet bulb Thermal Gradient 30 C hour maximum Humidity Gradient 20 hour maximum 1 Ambient temperature is defined as the temperature of the environment immediately surrounding the drive The system environment must allow sufficient air flow to limit maximum su...

Page 20: ...nd the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment and consists of restrictions on lead mercury cadmium and other substances The reliability performance and specifications of WD products are unchanged from previously manufactured WD products remaining among the highest in the industry 2 6 Reliability Specifications Altitude Operating 1 000 feet to 10 000 fee...

Page 21: ...onnectors Table 2 2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions Signal segment S1 Gnd 2nd mate S2 A Differential signal pair A from Phy S3 A S4 Gnd 2nd mate S5 B Differential signal pair B from Phy S6 B S7 Gnd 2nd mate Key and spacing separate signal and power segments Power segment P1 V33 3 3 V power NC P2 V33 3 3 V power NC P3 V33 3 3 V power pre charge 2nd mate NC P4 Gnd 1st mate GROUND P5 Gnd 2nd mat...

Page 22: ...mmunications Authority Korean KCC Mark Registered as a Class B product with the South Korean Ministry of Information and Communication Taiwan BSMI EMI Certification Certified as a Class B product with the Bureau of Standards Metrology and Inspection BSMI 2 9 Full Model Number Specification Table 2 3 below provides a summary specification of the model number suffix for this product platform Table 2...

Page 23: ...following features Native Command Queuing NCQ server feature for performance in random I O transaction environments It aggregates many small random data transfers and allows the disk to reorder the commands in a sequential order for faster access Improved Power Management provides improved power management features including Host Initiated SATA Power Management HIPM and Device Initiated SATA Power...

Page 24: ...rives With IntelliSeek the actuator s movement is controlled so the head reaches the next target sector just in time to read the next piece of information rather than rapidly accelerating and waiting for the drive rotation to catch up This smooth motion reduces power usage by more than 60 percent compared with standard drives as well as quiets seek operation and lowers vibration 3 4 NoTouch Ramp L...

Page 25: ...provides detailed information on the usage and capabilities of SCT The SCT feature set includes the following commands Write Same Read Write Long Temperature Reporting 3 8 1 Write Same The Write Same command allows the host to erase the media or write a pattern repeatedly across the media with a minimum of data transfer from the host The host can clear the entire media to zeros or a specific patte...

Page 26: ...presenting WD s ongoing commitment to data protection Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive s ability to prevent data loss Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management an environmental protection system and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect isolate and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the ha...

Page 27: ...at low pressure area Enhanced heat dissipation 3 10 4 Recoverable Errors A sector marked for repair is written back to the same location The sector is then read several times to be sure that it was written correctly and that there is no media damage at its location sector test If the sector does not easily and consistently read correctly the sector is then relocated with original data 3 10 5 Unrec...

Page 28: ...etirement if required and no error is reported The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on reads read auto relocation When host retries are enabled the drive will internally flag any unrecoverable errors DAMNF or ECC This flagging allows subsequent write commands to this location to relocate the sector only if the sector test fails 3 10 10 Error Recovery Process The drive has ...

Page 29: ...gable and provide the necessary building blocks for a robust hot plug solution which typically includes Device detection even with power downed receptacles typical of server applications Pre charging resistors to passively limit inrush current during drive insertion Hot plug controllers to actively limit inrush current during drive insertion 3 11 1 Hot Plug Technical Issues Reliable hot plugging o...

Page 30: ...apacitors are complex but manufactures recommend as a general rule 1 ohm of resistance for every volt being switched or a maximum inrush current of 1 amp See Surge in solid Tantalum Capacitors by John Gill of AVX Corporation This limits the lowest value of precharge resistance for each voltage bus used to a resistance in ohms equal to the bus voltage in volts 3 11 1 3 Connector Inrush Current Issu...

Page 31: ... disk drives does not present any technical issues Drives are usually in a low power state prior to removal Decoupling capacitors in the disk drive will continue to provide power long enough to soften the sudden loss of current Bulk capacitors in the power supply and backplane will absorb the drop in power long enough for the regulators to adjust 3 11 1 7 ESD Issues Prior to insertion disk drives ...

Page 32: ...the SATA spec Staggered Spin up Disable and Activity Signal shall not be enabled at the same time 3 14 1 Staggered Spinup When multiple disks are installed in an enclosure it is desirable to provide a simple mechanism by which a subsystem controller can sequence hard drive initialization to minimize the current load presented during power up Staggered spinup provides this mechanism by preventing t...

Page 33: ...ication execution If a defective sector is found during a write cache operation that sector is automatically relocated before the write occurs 3 15 2 Read Cache CacheFlow implements a multiple segment read cache Cache segments are assigned to read commands as they are received from the host Each read segment consists of pre and post read sectors in addition to the host requested sectors This maxim...

Page 34: ...d from the computer This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be available on all configurations 3 19 1 Master and User Passwords The manufacturer dealer can set a master password using the Security Set Password command without enabling the device lock function The user password should be given or changed by a system user Master Password Identifier is supported and set to a default va...

Page 35: ...EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC 90 FLUSH CACHE E7 FLUSH CACHE EXT EA IDENTIFY DEVICE EC IDLE E3 IDLE IMMEDIATE E1 NOP 00 READ BUFFER E4 READ DMA C8 READ DMA EXT 25 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 READ LOG EXT 2F READ LOG DMA EXT 47 READ MULTIPLE C4 READ MULTIPLE EXT 29 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS F8 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT 27 READ SECTOR S 20 READ SECTORS S EXT 24 READ VERIFY SECTOR S EXT 42 READ VERIFY SECTORS S ...

Page 36: ...le 4 3 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each obsolete command supported by these hard drives Table 4 3 Obsolete Command Opcodes STANDBY IMMEDIATE E0 WRITE BUFFER E8 WRITE DMA CA WRITE DMA EXT 35 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61 WRITE LOG EXT 3F WRITE LOG DMA EXT 57 WRITE MULTIPLE C5 WRITE MULTIPLE EXT 39 WRITE SECTOR S 30 WRITE SECTOR S EXT 34 WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT 45 COMMAND SUBFUNCTION DOWNLOAD MI...

Page 37: ...ands that are selectable via the Features Register when the host issues the S M A R T command To select a sub command the host must write the appropriate sub command code to the Features Register before issuing the S M A R T command The sub commands and their respective codes are listed below For more detailed information on executing S M A R T commands see the ATA 7 specification 4 2 1 Read Attri...

Page 38: ...spected to be caused by handling 09 0Eh Reserved 0Fh Self test routine in progress 364 365 XX Total time in seconds to complete offline data collection activity 366 XX Reserved 367 07Bh Offline data collection capability Bits are as follows 0 1 Offline Immediate Command supported 1 1 Auto Offline enable disable command supported 2 0 Offline will suspend on and will resume after host command 3 1 Of...

Page 39: ... ID Number Pre Failure Advisory Bit Status Flags bit 0 1 Read Error Rate 1 Pre Failure Spin up Time 3 Pre Failure Start Stop Count 4 Advisory Re allocated Sector Count 5 Pre Failure Seek Error Rate 7 Pre Failure Power on Hours Count 9 Advisory Spin up Retry Count 10 Pre Failure Drive Calibration Retry Count 11 Advisory Drive Power Cycle Count 12 Advisory Emergency Retract Cycles 192 Advisory Load ...

Page 40: ...errors per sectors ExtLog RO 04h 05h Reserved Reserved Reserved 06h SMART self test log SMART RO 07h Extended SMART self test log ExtLog RO 08h 0FH Reserved Reserved Reserved 10h NCQ command error ExtLog RO 09H Selective self test log SMART R W 0Ah 0Fh Reserved Reserved Reserved 11h SATA PHY Counters ExtLog RO 12h 17h Reserved Reserved Reserved 18h 7Fh Reserved Reserved Reserved 80h 9Fh Host vendo...

Page 41: ...000AAKX nnnnnn WDC WD5000AAKS nnnnnn WDC WD3200AAKX nnnnnn WDC WD2500AAKX nnnnnn 47 Read Write Multiple support Bit 15 8 80h Bit 7 0 00h Reserved 01h FFh Maximum number of logical sectors that shall be transferred perDRQ data block on READ WRITE MULTIPLE commands 8010h 48 Reserved 0 49 Capabilities Bit 15 14 Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command Bit 13 1 Standby timer values as specified...

Page 42: ...ts 7 0 PIO Modes supported 0003h 65 Min Multi Word DMA Transfer Cycle Time per word ns 120 66 Manufacturer Recommended Multi Word DMA Cycle Time ns 120 67 Min PIO Transfer Cycle Time without flow control ns 120 68 Min PIO Transfer Cycle Time with flow control ns 120 69 70 Reserved 0 71 74 Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command 0 75 Queue Depth Bit 15 5 Reserved Bit 4 0 Maximum queue depth...

Page 43: ...pported Bit 15 Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14 Shall be set to one Bit 13 If set Flush Cache EXT command supported Bit 12 If set mandatory FLUSH CACHE command supported Bit 11 If set Device Configuration Overlay feature set supported Bit 10 If set 48 bit Address feature set supported Bit 9 If set Automatic Acoustic Management feature set supported Bit 8 If set SET MAX security extension supported ...

Page 44: ...Bit 3 If set Advanced Power Management feature set enabled Bit 2 If set CFA feature set supported Bit 1 If set READ WRITE DMA QUEUED command supported Bit 0 If set DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command supported 101111XX01X0X001b 87 Commands and feature sets supported Bit 15 Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14 Shall be set to one Bit 13 If set IDLE IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD FEATURE supported Bit 12 11 Reserved Bit 1...

Page 45: ... 0 2PX logical sectors per physical sector 0000h 107 Inter seek delay for ISO 7779 acoustic testing in microseconds 0000h 108 111 World Wide Name XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 112 118 Not supported 0 119 Commands and feature sets supported Continued from words 82 84 Bit 15 Shall be cleared to zero Bit 14 Shall be set to one Bit 13 6 Reserved Bit 5 If set Free fall Control feature set is supported Bit 4 If set ...

Page 46: ...e or more commands implemented by the device Bit 12 CFA power mode 1 disabled Bit 11 0 Maximum current in ma 0 161 175 Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash Association 0 176 205 Current media serial number ATA String 0 206 SCT Command Transport Bit 15 12 Vendor Specific Bit 11 6 Reserved Bit 5 SCT Command Transport Data Tables supported Bit 4 SCT Command Transport Features Control supported...

Page 47: ...erface power state transitions 06h Software Settings Preservation Disable use of Serial ATA Feature 90h 02h DMA Setup FIS Auto Activate optimization 03h Device initiated interface power state transitions 06h Software Settings Preservation Set Acoustic Mode2 42h 80h Set Performance Mode2 42h FEh Disable Automatic Acoustic Management 2 C2h Don t care Enable the PUIS feature set1 06h Don t care Disab...

Page 48: ... 1 2 Inspection of Shipping Container Carefully examine the container for obvious shipping damage such as holes signs of crushing or stains Notify the carrier and your WD representative if you observe any shipment damage Always move the shipping container in the upright position indicated by the arrows on the container 5 1 3 Removal From Shipping Container Remove the WD drive from the shipping con...

Page 49: ... off and unplugged before installing your hard drive 5 2 2 Orientation You can mount the hard drive in the X Y or Z axis depending upon the physical design of your system For best results mount the drive with all four screws grounded to the chassis If all four screws are not used see Grounding on page 41 5 2 3 Screw Size Limitations The hard drive is mounted to the chassis using four 6 32 screws R...

Page 50: ...tions Native Gen2 Enabled Mode To revert to the SATA 3 Gb s data transfer speed place a jumper on pins 5 6 Force Gen1 Enabled Mode To revert to the SATA 1 5 Gb s data transfer speed place jumpers on pins 5 6 and 7 8 Figure 5 1 SATA 6 Gb s Jumper Settings Important PM2 mode requires a compatible BIOS that supports this feature If PM2 is enabled and not supported by BIOS the drive will not spin up a...

Page 51: ...n multiple drive configurations Gen1 Enabled Mode To revert to the SATA 1 5 Gb s data transfer speed place a jumper on pins 5 6 Figure 5 2 SATA 3 Gb s Jumper Settings Important PM2 mode requires a compatible BIOS that supports this feature If PM2 is enabled and not supported by BIOS the drive will not spin up and therefore will not be detected by the system Default 1 Default Standard configuration...

Page 52: ...tor on the motherboard or 2 Cable the drive to a host adapter card mounted in one of the expansion slots in the com puter Both configurations use a SATA interface cable Make sure the SATA interface cable is no longer than 1 meter 39 37 inches to minimize noise that is induced on the data and control buses Figure 5 4 SATA Interface Cable 5 4 Serial ATA Latching Connector This hard drive also allows...

Page 53: ...ft a drive by the printed circuit board Avoid static discharge when handling a drive Avoid harsh shocks or vibrations Do not touch the components on the printed circuit board Observe the environmental limits specified for this product If it becomes necessary to move your computer system turn off the power to automatically unload the heads This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental ...

Page 54: ...ety of technical support services on our Internet site at http support wdc com NORTH AMERICA US Canada Central Time 800 ASK 4WDC Monday Thursday 9 00 am 7 00 pm Friday 9 00 am 5 00 pm Saturday 8 00 am 5 00 pm EUROPE Central European Time CET 31 20 4467651 Monday Thursday 9 30 am 12 00 noon 1 00 pm 5 30 pm Friday 9 30 am 12 00 noon 1 00 pm 4 00 pm ...

Page 55: ...data in MB per second Defect Management A general methodology of eliminating data errors on a recording surface by mapping out known bad areas of the media ECC On the Fly A hardware correction technique that corrects errors in the read buffer prior to host transfer without any performance penalties These error corrections are invisible to the host system because they do not require assistance from...

Page 56: ... the higher the mechanical latencies Disk RPM is a critical component of hard drive performance because it directly impacts the rotational latency of the disk transfer rate Seek Time The time it takes for the read write head to move to a specific block of data on the hard drive The average seek time is computed by dividing the time it takes to complete a large number of random seeks by the number ...

Page 57: ... 6 E ECC 5 Error Rate 4 Error Recovery Process 20 F Femto slider 17 Fluid Dynamic Bearings FDB 24 G Glossary 47 Grounding Hard Drive 41 H Head Parking 5 Host Interface Commands 27 Identify Drive 33 S M A R T 29 Set Features 39 Hot Plug Support 21 I Input Voltage Requirements 9 Installation and Setup 40 Interleave 4 Internal Environmental Protection System 19 J Jumper Settings 42 L Latency 4 LED ac...

Page 58: ...nd Vibration 10 Specifications 4 Electrical 8 Environmental 10 Mechanical 7 Performance 4 Physical 5 Reliability 12 Spindle Start Time 4 Staggered Spinup 24 T Technical Support 46 Online Services 46 Temperature Airflow 12 Thermocouple location 11 Temperature and Humidity 11 Thermal Management 19 Thermocouple location 11 U Unpacking Container Inspection 40 Drive Removal Container 40 Drive Removal S...

Page 59: ...4WDC North America 949 832 4778 Latin America Spanish 800 6008 6008 Asia Pacific 00800 ASK 4WDEUEurope toll free where available 31 88 0062100 Europe Middle East Africa 2679 701211 A06 Oct 2010 Western Digital 20511 Lake Forest Drive Lake Forest CA 92630 U S A WD CONFIDENTIAL ...

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