Sparky Group TV 5545 Instruction Manual Download | Manualshive

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Summary of Contents for TV 5545

Page 1: ...FKVDQZHLVXQJ ȾȿɄɅȺɊȺɐɂə ɁȺ ɋɔɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂȿ ɋɉȺɊɄɂ ȿɅɌɈɋ ȺȾ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɚ ɱɟ ȻȿɇɁɂɇɈȼ ȼȿɊɂɀȿɇ ɌɊɂɈɇ TV 5545 ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɪɟɞɛɢ ɇɚɪɟɞɛɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɲɢɧɢɬɟ ɉɆɋ ɇɚɪɟɞɛɚ ɡɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚ ɫɴɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬ ɉɆɋ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ ȻȾɋ ɜɴɜɟɥɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɬɟ ɯɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɢɪɚɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢ ȻȾɋ ȿ1 ȻȾɋ 1 ȻȾɋ 1 ɋɉȺɊɄɂ ȿɅɌɈɋ ȺȾ ɭɥ ÄɄɭɛɪɚɬ Ʌɨɜɟɱ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ʉɴɥɛɨɜ ɂɡɩɴɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɧ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ 06 www sparkygroup...

Page 2: ... 4 7 3 1721 ...

Page 3: ... VDZ RX KDYH WR DVVHPEOH WKH JXLGH EDU DQG FKDLQ LQFOXGHG LQ WKH NLW IROORZLQJ WKH LQVWUXFWLRQV EHORZ I Introduction RXU QHZ 63 5 JDV FKDLQ VDZ ZLOO PRUH WKDQ VDWLVI RXU H SHFWDWLRQV W KDV EHHQ PDQXIDFWXUHG XQGHU VWULQJHQW 63 5 4XDOLW 6WDQGDUGV WR PHHW VXSHULRU SHUIRUPDQFH FULWHULD RX ZLOO QG RXU QHZ JDV FKDLQ VDZ HDV DQG VDIH WR RSHUDWH DQG ZLWK SURSHU FDUH LW ZLOO JLYH RX PDQ HDUV RI GHSHQGDEOH ...

Page 4: ...UQLQJ DQJHU HZDUH RI NLFNEDFN ROG FKDLQ VDZ UPO ZLWK ERWK KDQGV ZKHQ XVLQJ 0DNH VXUH WKH FKDLQ EUDNH LV GLVHQJDJHG 3XOO KDQG JXDUG FKDLQ EUDNH EDFN WR UXQ FRXVWLF SRZHU OHYHO LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK LUHFWLYH RQIRUPV WR WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI 5XVVLDQ VWDQGDUGV DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 7KHUH DUH V PEROV PDUNHG RQ RXU WRRO 7KHVH UHSUHVHQW LPSRUWDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH SURGXFW RU instructions on its use tv 55...

Page 5: ...W path from the falling tree HHS DOO SDUWV RI RXU ERG DZD IURP WKH VDZ chain when the engine is running HIRUH RX VWDUW WKH HQJLQH PDNH VXUH WKDW WKH VDZ FKDLQ LV QRW FRQWDFWLQJ DQ WKLQJ DUU WKH FKDLQ VDZ ZLWK WKH HQJLQH VWRSSHG WKH JXLGH EDU DQG VDZ FKDLQ WR WKH UHDU DQG WKH PXIÀHU DZD IURP RXU ERG R QRW RSHUDWH D FKDLQ VDZ WKDW LV GDPDJHG LPSURSHUO DGMXVWHG RU QRW FRPSOHWHO DQG VHFXUHO DVVHPEOHG ...

Page 6: ... WKH JXLGH EDU WRXFKHV DQ REMHFW RU ZKHQ WKH wood closes in and pinches the saw chain in the FXW I WKH EDU WLS FRQWDFWV LW PD FDXVH D OLJKW QLQJ IDVW UHYHUVH UHDFWLRQ NLFNLQJ WKH JXLGH EDU XS DQG EDFN WRZDUGV WKH RSHUDWRU 3LQFKLQJ WKH VDZ FKDLQ DORQJ WKH WRS RI WKH JXLGH EDU PD SXVK WKH JXLGH EDU UDSLGO EDFN WRZDUGV WKH RSHUDWRU LWKHU RI WKHVH UHDFWLRQV PD FDXVH RX WR ORVH FRQWURO RI WKH VDZ ZKLFK...

Page 7: ... ROG VDZ SURSHUO ZLWK ERWK KDQGV IV Know your product XLGH DU 6DZ KDLQ 6DZ KDLQ GMXVWPHQW 6FUHZ 6SDUN UUHVWHU 6FUHHQ KDLQ UDNH HYHU DQG XDUG URQW DQGOH 6WDUWHU DQGOH 6SDUN 3OXJ LU OHDQHU RYHU 6WRS 6ZLWFK 6DIHW 7ULJJHU 2LO 7DQN DS 6WDUWHU RYHU XHO 7DQN DS 5HDU DQGOH 7KURWWOH DWFK KRNH HYHU DU 5HWDLQLQJ 1XWV 19 Throttle Trigger 20 Chain Catcher KDLQ UDNH RYHU 6SLNHG XPSHU XLGH DU RYHU SAFETY FEATURE...

Page 8: ...s illustrated Guide bar installation 0DNH VXUH WKH FKDLQ EUDNH OHYHU LV SXOOHG EDFN into the disengaged position Fig 3B 5HPRYH WKH EDU UHWDLQLQJ QXWV RRVHQ WKH VFUHZV DW WKH UHDU RI WKH FOXWFK FRYHU 5HPRYH WKH FRYHU Fig 3C 8VLQJ D VFUHZGULYHU UXQ WKH DGMXVWPHQW VFUHZ FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH XQWLO WKH WDQJ SUR MHFWLQJ SURQJ LV WR WKH HQG RI LWV WUDYHO WRZDUG the clutch drum and sprocket Fig 3D 3ODFH WKH V...

Page 9: ...O WKH ZD DURXQG WKH JXLGH EDU Fig 4B IWHU PDNLQJ DGMXVWPHQW DQG ZKLOH VWLOO KROG LQJ QRVH RI EDU LQ WKH XSSHUPRVW SRVLWLRQ WLJKW HQ WKH EDU UHWDLQLQJ QXWV VHFXUHO KDLQ KDV SURSHU WHQVLRQ ZKHQ LW KDV D VQXJ W DOO DURXQG DQG FDQ EH SXOOHG DURXQG E JORYHG KDQG NOTE I FKDLQ LV GLI FXOW WR URWDWH RQ JXLGH EDU RU LI LW ELQGV WRR PXFK WHQVLRQ KDV EHHQ DSSOLHG 7KLV UHTXLUHV PLQRU DGMXVWPHQW DV IROORZV RRV...

Page 10: ... OXEULFDWLRQ LV WKH FDXVH RI HQJLQH GDPDJH LW YRLGV WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU V HQJLQH ZDUUDQW IRU WKDW occurrence MIXING FUEL 0L IXHO ZLWK 63 5 EUDQG F FOH RLO LQ DQ DS SURYHG FRQWDLQHU 8VH PL LQJ WDEOH IRU FRUUHFW UDWLR RI IXHO WR RLO 6KDNH FRQWDLQHU WR HQVXUH WKRURXJK PL WARNING DFN RI OXEULFDWLRQ YRLGV HQJLQH ZDUUDQW DVROLQH DQG 2LO 0L 2LO 2QO FUEL MIXING TABLE DVROLQH 63 5 XVWRP XEULFDQW LWUHV LWUHV c...

Page 11: ... VWDUW UHSHDW WKHVH instructions C A B Fig 7E Fig 7F Fig 7G A B C D Fig 7F Fig 7K A B C Fig 7J RE STARTING A WARM ENGINE 0DNH VXUH WKH VZLWFK LV LQ WKH 21 SRVLWLRQ I 0RYH WKH FKRNH OHYHU WR 3 Depress the primer bulb 10 times 6HW WKH WKURWWOH ODWFK 3XOO WKH VWDUWHU URSH UDSLGO WLPHV 7KH HQ gine should start 0RYH WKH FKRNH OHYHU WR 581 5HOHDVH WKH WKURWWOH ODWFK TO STOP ENGINE 5HOHDVH WULJJHU DQG DO...

Page 12: ...WHQ LW 1HZ FKDLQ ZLOO UHTXLUH DGMXVWPHQW DIWHU DERXW PLQXWHV RI RSHUDWLRQ AUTOMATIC OILER RXU FKDLQ VDZ LV HTXLSSHG ZLWK DQ DXWRPDWLF JHDU GULYHQ RLOHU V VWHP 7KH RLOHU DXWRPDWLFDOO GHOLYHUV WKH SURSHU DPRXQW RI RLO WR WKH EDU DQG FKDLQ V WKH HQJLQH VSHHG LQFUHDVHV VR GRHV WKH RLO ÀRZ WR WKH EDU SDG 7KH DPRXQW RI RLO ÀRZLQJ WR WKH EDU DQG FKDLQ PD EH FKDQJHG E WXUQLQJ WKH DGMXVWPHQW VFUHZ DV VKRZQ...

Page 13: ...NH VXUH QR E VWDQGHUV KDYH HQWHUHG WKH UDQJH RI WKH IDOOLQJ WUHH EHIRUH RX SXVK LW RYHU WARNING HIRUH PDNLQJ WKH QDO FXW DOZD V UHFKHFN WKH DUHD IRU E VWDQGHUV animals or obstacles Felling cut 8VH ZRRGHQ RU SODVWLF ZHGJHV WR SUHYHQW ELQGLQJ WKH EDU RU FKDLQ LQ WKH FXW HGJHV also control felling Fig 10C KHQ GLDPHWHU RI ZRRG EHLQJ FXW LV JUHDWHU WKDQ WKH EDU OHQJWK PDNH FXWV DV VKRZQ Fig 10D Fig 10C...

Page 14: ... EDU DUH EHLQJ SURSHUO lubricated IX Maintenance OO FKDLQ VDZ VHUYLFH RWKHU WKDQ LWHPV OLVWHG KHUH LQ RXU XVHU PDQXDO PDLQWHQDQFH LQVWUXFWLRQV PXVW EH DFFRPSOLVKHG E DXWKRULVHG SHUVRQV LQ DXWKRULVHG VHUYLFH FHQWUHV IRU ZDUUDQW DQG SRVW ZDUUDQW VHUYLFLQJ RI 63 5 WRROV PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE JRRG SUHYHQWLYH PDLQWHQDQFH SURJUDP RI UHJX lar inspection and care will increase life and im SURYH SHUIRUPDQ...

Page 15: ...ap C D B A Fig 15 D C A B Fig 16 OIL FILTER NOTE Drain oil tank before changing filter 1 Disconnect oil hose A from pump fitting B 2 Use a wire with a hook C and pull oil filter D IURP WDQN 5HPRYH ILOWHU DQG KRVH FRPSOHWHO QVHUW D OHQJWK RI KRVH LQWR WDQN DQG SXOO LW through filler opening QVWDOO D QHZ ILOWHU RQ KRVH DQG SXOO KRVH EDFN into tank so filter is positioned in bottom of tank 5 Cut hose...

Page 16: ...hich supports and carries the saw chain sprock HW WLS LV UHTXLUHG 3URSHU PDLQWHQDQFH RI WKH JXLGH EDU DV H SODLQHG LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ LV HVVHQWLDO WR NHHS RXU VDZ LQ JRRG ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQ Sprocket tip lubrication CAUTION 7KH VSURFNHW WLS RQ RXU QHZ VDZ KDV EHHQ SUH OXEULFDWHG DW WKH IDFWRU DLOXUH WR OXEULFDWH WKH JXLGH EDU VSURFNHW WLS DV H SODLQHG EHORZ ZLOO UHVXOW LQ SRRU SHUIRUPDQFH DQG VHL XUH Y...

Page 17: ... VSURFNHW RU VHOI DOLJQLQJ ULQJ Fig 24 Fig 25 Bar wear 7XUQ JXLGH EDU IUHTXHQWO DW UHJXODU LQWHUYDOV IRU H DPSOH DIWHU KRXUV RI XVH WR HQ VXUH HYHQ ZHDU RQ WRS DQG ERWWRP RI EDU Oil passages 2LO SDVVDJHV RQ WKH EDU VKRXOG be cleaned to ensure proper lubrication of the bar and chain during operation NOTE The condition of the oil passages can be HDVLO FKHFNHG I WKH SDVVDJHV DUH FOHDU WKH FKDLQ ZLOO ...

Page 18: ...WPHQW setting DYH FDUEXUHWWRU DGMXVWHG E DQ DXWKRULVHG VHUYLFH FHQWUH QJLQH KHVLWDWHV QFRUUHFW FDUEXUHWWRU PL WXUH DGMXVWPHQW setting DYH FDUEXUHWWRU DGMXVWHG E DQ DXWKRULVHG VHUYLFH FHQWUH 1R SRZHU XQGHU ORDG 5XQV HUUDWLFDOO QFRUUHFWO JDSSHG VSDUN SOXJ Clean gap or replace plug 6PRNHV H FHVVLYHO QFRUUHFW FDUEXUHWWRU PL WXUH DGMXVWPHQW setting DYH FDUEXUHWWRU DGMXVWHG E DQ DXWKRULVHG VHUYLFH FHQWU...

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Page 56: ...ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɭɜɶ ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɟɪɟɝɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɪɟɩɤɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɨɛɟɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɭɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂȿ ɋɂɆȼɈɅɈȼ ɇɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ...

Page 57: ...ɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɥɸɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɇɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɣɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨ ɛɨɞɢɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɭ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ȼɵ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɩɨɡɭ ɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ ȼɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨ ɜɚɥɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɩɢ ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ...

Page 58: ...ɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɗɬɚ ɩɢɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɜɢɥɥ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɩɨɞɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɤɚ ɞɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɩɪ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɢɥɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɬɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ...

Page 59: ...ɡɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɧɢɟɧɨɫɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɲɢɧɚ ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ ɁȺɄɅɂɇɂȼȺɇɂȿ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɇɂɀɇȿɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɲɢɧɵ ȼɕɌȺɅɄɂȼȺȿɌ ɩɢɥɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚ ɬɨɪɚ ɁȺɄɅɂɇɂȼȺɇɂȿ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ȼȿɊɏɇȿɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɲɢɧɵ ɌɈɅɄȺȿɌ ɲɢɧɭ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɥɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟ ɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɌȺȻɅɂɑɄȺ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȺɘɓȺə ɈȻ ɈɌɋɄɈɄȿ Ɋɂɋ ɇɚ ɪɵɱɚɝɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟ...

Page 60: ...ɚɜɦɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɩɢ ɢɡ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɥɨ ɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɟɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ 22 ɁɍȻɑȺɌȺə ɈɉɈɊȺ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɂɭɛɱɚ ɬɚɹ ɨɩɨɪɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚ ɬɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɰɟɩ ɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ...

Page 61: ...ɥɟ ɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɢɧɵ Ɋɢɫ ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɞɟ ɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɲɢɧɵ 0 ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɤɪɨɦɤɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɢ ɧɢɠ ɧɹɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɰɟɩɢ Ɋɢɫ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɭɸ ɨɩɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɨɪ ɦɨɡɚ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɩɶ ɍɛɟ ɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɟ ɫɨɫɤɚɥɶɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫ ɲɢɧɵ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɛɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɡɚɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ...

Page 62: ... ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɜɪɚ ɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɧɨ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɲɢɧɭ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɶɬɟ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɪɟɝɭ ɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɧɬ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɩɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɹɧɭɬɚ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɲɢɧɭ ɜɟɪɯɭɲɤɨɣ ɤɜɟɪɯɭ ɡɚɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɨɛɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɡɚ ɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɲɢɧɭ Ɋɢɫ 4B ɆȿɏȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɂɋɉɖȱɌȺɇɂȿ ɌɈɊɆɈɁȺ ɐȿɉɂ ɐɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɢɥɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɨɦ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɨɬɫɤɨɤɚ Ɍ...

Page 63: ...ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ ȼɡɛɨɥɬɚɣɬɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɚɧɧɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɸ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɋɦɟɫɶ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɦɚ ɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɋɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ 63 5 ɥɢɬɪɵ ɥɢɬɪɵ cm3 1...

Page 64: ...ɚ Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɜɟɫ ɬɢɫɶ Ɋɢɫ ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɥɫɹ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɏɈɅɈɋɌɈȽɈ ɏɈȾȺ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɢɬɟ ɤ ɲɚɝɭ Ɋɢɫ ɉɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɖȱɄɅɘɑȿɇɈ Ɋɢɫ 7K ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨ ɪɢɬɟ ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ C A B Ɋɢɫ 7E Ɋɢɫ 7F Ɋɢɫ 7G A B C D Ɋɢɫ 7F Ɋɢɫ 7K A B C Ɋɢɫ 7J ɉɈȼɌɈɊɇɖȱɃ ɁȺɉɍɋɄ ɌȿɉɅɈȽɈ ȾȼɂȽȺɌȿɅə ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ...

Page 65: ...ɬɫɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ ɬɨɜ 63 5 ɋɆȺɁɄȺ ɐȿɉɂ ɂ ɒɂɇɖȱ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɦɚɡɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɲɢɧɨɣ ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɲɢɧɭ ɢ ɰɟɩɶ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɦɚɡɤɢ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɢɥɵ ɫ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɢɥɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ...

Page 66: ... ɫɢɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɉɨɫɨɜɟɬɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɞɪɨɜɨɫɟɤɨɦ ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɟ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɍɜɟɞɨɦɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɫɟɱɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ Ɉɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɪɟɡɚ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ ɧɢɹ ɨɤɨ...

Page 67: ... ɊȿɁɄȺ ɉɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɞɪɟ ɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɭɫ ɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɬɨ ȼɵ ɫɬɨɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɛɨ ɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɬɜɨɥɭ ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɩɨɞɩɢɪɚɥɢ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɪɟɡɤɟ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɧɟ ɥɟɠɚɥ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɟ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɢ ȼɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɢɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɪɟɡ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ...

Page 68: ...ɧɭɬɶ ɧɟɨɛ ɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨ ɝɨ ɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ 10 20 ȼɢɧɬɵ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɛɨɥɬɵ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɇɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ D ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ D Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ D ɋɜɟɱɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ D ɂɫ...

Page 69: ...ɤɟ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ Ɋɢɫ Ɂɚɩɪɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɜɟɠɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɫ ɥɚ Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ C D B A Ɋɢɫ 15 D C A B Ɋɢɫ 16 ɌɈɉɅɂȼɇɖȱɃ ɎɂɅɖɌɊ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɫɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɢɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɪɜɭɚɪ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɲɥɚɧɝ ɨɬ ɩɪɨ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɤɭ ɨɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɤɪɸɱɤɨɦ ɜɵɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɮɢɥ...

Page 70: ...ɨ Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɸ ɨɫɬɵɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɱɟɣ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɭ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɶɬɟ ɱɚɣɧɭɸ ɥɨɠɤɭ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɨɜɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɲɧɭɪ ɫɬɚɪ ɬɟɪɚ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɤ ɪɵɥɢɫɶ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɫɜɟɱɭ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ Ɋɢɫ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɰɟɩɧɭɸ ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɫ ɩ...

Page 71: ...ɡɤɚ ɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɢ ɥɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɭ ɢɡɧɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɲɢɧɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɲɢɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬ ɫɹ ɧɢɠɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɦɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫ ɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ Ɋɢɫ 21 Ɂɚɬɨɱɢɬɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɭ...

Page 72: ...ɭɣɬɟ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɰɟɩɶ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɥɚ ɤ ɲɢɧɟ ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɩɶ ɢ ɲɢɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɟ ɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɗɬɨ ɧɨɪ ɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚ ɫɨ ɜɪɟ ɦɟɧɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɢɡ ɰɟɩɢ ɗɬɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨ...

Page 73: ...ɧ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɫɜɟɱɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɭ ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɜɟɱɭ ɑɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɵɦɚ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪɚ Ɉɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɪɛɸɪɚɬɨɪ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɟ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ǱȎȞȎțȠȖȭ Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɢɥɵ 63 5 ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ...

Page 74: ...ɭ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧ ǰȨȐȓȒȓțȖȓ ɇɨɜɨɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɬɢɹɬ ɨɬ ȼɚɫ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜ ɜɟɪɢɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ 63 5 ɳɟ ɧɚɞɯɜɴɪɥɢ ȼɚɲɢɬɟ ɨɱɚɤɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɨɣ ɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ 63 5 ɨɬɝɨɜɚɪɹɳɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɬɟ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ Ʌɟɫɟɧ ɡɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɟɤɫɩɥɨɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɜɟɪɢɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɳɟ ȼɢ ɫɥɭɠɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɧɨ ɞɴɥɝɢ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ȼɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɬɟɬɟ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɢ...

Page 75: ...ɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢ ɨɛɭɜɤɢ ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɉɚɡɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɨɬ ɨɬɫɤɨɤ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɪɴɠɬɟ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɡɞɪɚɜɨ ɫ ɞɜɟ ɪɴɰɟ ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧɚ Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɢɬɟ ɢɡɞɴɪɩɚɣɬɟ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɇɢɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬ ɨɬɝɨɜɚɪɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɋɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɤɢɬɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂȿ ɇȺ ɋɂɆȼɈɅɂɌȿ ȼɴɪɯɭ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɧɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɧɢ ɨ...

Page 76: ...ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɫɬɟ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɟ ɡɚɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɚ ɩɨɡɚ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɚɥɢ ɩɴɬɹ ɡɚ ɢɡɬɟɝ ɥɹɧɟ ɨɬ ɡɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɞɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ Ʉɨɝɚɬɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɩɚɡɟɬɟ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɹɥɨɬɨ ɫɢ ɞɚɥɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɩɭɫɧɟɬɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɭɛɟɞɟɬɟ ɱɟ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɞɨɤɨɫɜɚ ɞɨ ɧɢɳɨ ɉɪɟɧɚɫɹɣɬɟ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɫ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɞɜɢ ɝɚɬɟɥ ɫ ɨɛɴɪɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɲɢɧɚ ɢ ɜɟɪɢɝɚ ɫ ɲɭɦɨɡɚɝɥɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ...

Page 77: ...ɢ ɢ ɥɚɝɟɪɭɜɚɳɢ ɡɚ ɰɟɥɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡ ɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɬɫɢɱɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɫɬɪɟɧɟ ɪɹɡɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɚ ɡɚ ɨɝɪɟɜ ɢ ɩɪ ȼɴɩɪɟɤɢ ɱɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹɬ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɟ ɫɧɚɛɞɟɧ ɫ ɚɧɬɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢ ɨɧɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɤɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɧɚɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɫɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɴɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɴɰɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɟɧɨ ɨɬ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢɬɟ ɉɊȿȾɉȺɁɇɂ ɆȿɊɄɂ ɋɊȿɓɍ ɈɌɋɄɈɄ Ɉɬɫɤɨɤ ɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɚ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɬɚ ɱɚɫɬ ɢɥɢ ɜɴɪɯɴɬ ɧ...

Page 78: ...ɌɈ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɜ ȽɈɊɇȺɌȺ ɑȺɋɌ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɂɁȻɍɌȼȺ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼɫɹɤɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɡɢ ɜɴɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɟ ɞɢɡɜɢɤɚ ɡɚɝɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɫɟɪɢɨɡɧɚ ɬɪɚɜɦɚ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿȾɂɌȿɅɇȺ ɌȺȻȿɅɄȺ ɁȺ ɈɌ ɋɄɈɄ ɎɂȽ ȼɴɪɯɭ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɧɢɹ ɳɢɬ ɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥ ɧɚ ɬɚɛɟɥɤɚ ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɴɩɢɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɨɡɧɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɫ ɬɚɡɢ ɬ...

Page 79: ...ɩɨɪɚ ɩɨɜɢɲɚɜɚ ɭɫ ɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɢ ɫɪɟɡɨɜɟ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ Ɋɚɡɭɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫɜɨɹ ɜɟɪɢ ɠɟɧ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɨɡɧɚɣɬɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɣɧɨ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ 9 ȁȘȎȕȎțȖȭ ȕȎ ȚȜțȠȎȔ ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂ ɁȺ ɆɈɇɌȺɀ ɉɪɢ ɫɝɥɨɛɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɳɟ ɢɦɚɬɟ ɧɭɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɚɧ ɝɚɟɱɟɧ ɤɥɸɱ ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɜɤɥɸ ɱɟɧ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɹɬɚ Ɋɴɤɚɜɢɰɢ ɡɚ ɬɟɠɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɫɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɂɁɂɋɄ...

Page 80: ...ɯɭ ɤɚɩɚɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɟ ɩɨɤɚ ɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ Ɏɢɝ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɤɚɩɚɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚ ɬɚ ɍɛɟɞɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɯɥɭɡɜɚ ɨɬ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɡɚɬɟɝ ɧɟɬɟ ɝɢ ɧɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɫɩɚɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɢɧ ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɬɹɝɚɧɟɬɨ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ ɇɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɟɬɚɩ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɡɚ ɞɴɪɠɚɳɢ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɬɹɝɚɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɬɟ ɫɟ ɡɚɬɹɝɚɬ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɫɥɟɞ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɬɹɝɚɧɟɬɨ ...

Page 81: ...ɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɡɚɜɴɪɬɢɬɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɳɢɹ ɜɢɧɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɨɜɧɢɤɨɜɚɬɚ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚ ɋɥɟɞ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɨɛɬɟɝɧɚɬɚ ɡɚɞɴɪɠɚɣɤɢ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɫ ɜɴɪɯɚ ɧɚɝɨɪɟ ɡɚɬɟɝ ɧɟɬɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɧɨ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɜɚɳɢ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ Ɏɢɝ 4B ɆȿɏȺɇɂɑɇɈ ɂɁɉɂɌȼȺɇȿ ɇȺ ɋɉɂɊȺɑɄȺɌȺ ɇȺ ȼȿɊɂȽȺɌȺ ȼɟɪɢɠɧɢɹɬ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɟ ɫɧɚɛɞɟɧ ɫɴɫ ɫɩɢɪɚɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬ ɡɥɨɩɨɥɭɤɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɨɬɫɤɨɤ ɋɩɢɪɚɱɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢ ɧɚɬɢɫɤ ɜ...

Page 82: ...ɢɥɧɨɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪ ɰɢɹɬɚ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɤɴɦ ɦɚɫɥɨ Ɋɚɡɬɴɪɫɟɬɟ ɫɴɞɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɟ ɩɴɥɧɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɫɜɚɧɟ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ʌɢɩɫɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɚɧɭɥɢɪɚ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɋɦɟɫ ɨɬ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɫɦɚ ɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɋɚɦɨ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɜɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɜɧɚ ɫɦɟɫ Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɋɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ 63 5 ɥɢɬɪɢ ɥɢɬɪɢ cm3 1 25 2 50 3 75 5 125 10 250 ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɫɜɚɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɤɴɦ ɱɚɫɬ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɉɊȿɉ...

Page 83: ...ɞɚ ɡɚɩɚɥɢ Ɏɢɝ ɂɡɱɚɤɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɚ ɡɚɝɪɟɟ ɡɚ ɫɟ ɤɭɧɞɢ ɇɚɬɢɫɧɟɬɟ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɬɟ ɥɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɉɊȺɁȿɇ ɏɈȾ ɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɟɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɬɴɩɤɚ Ɏɢɝ ɉɪɟɦɟɫɬɟɬɟ ɠɴɥɬɢɹ ɥɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɫɦɭɤɚɱɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɂɁɄɅɘɑȿɇɈ Ɏɢɝ Ⱥɤɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɬ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɚɥɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɬɟ ɝɨɪ ɧɢɬɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ C A B Ɏɢɝ 7E Ɏɢɝ 7F Ɏɢɝ 7G A B C D Ɏɢɝ 7F Ɏɢɝ 7K A B C Ɏɢɝ 7J ɉɈȼɌɈɊɇɈ ɉɍɋɄȺɇȿ ɇȺ ɌɈɉɔɅ ȾȼɂȽȺɌȿɅ ɍɛɟɞɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱɴɬ ɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɍɋɄ I ɉɪɟɦɟɫɬɟɬɟ ɥɨɫɬɚ ɧ...

Page 84: ...ɜɢɥɧɨɬɨ ɫɦɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɟ ɨɬ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɢɟɧɟɬɨ ɫ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɇɢɤɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɬɟ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɨ ɫɦɚɡɜɚɧɟ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚ ɫɦɚɡɤɚ ɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢ ɞɴɥɝɨɬɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɢɡɜɢɤɜɚ ɛɴɪɡɨ ɡɚɬɴɩɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟ ɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɢ ɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɧɨɫ ɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɩɪɟɝɪɹɜɚɧɟ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɡɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧ...

Page 85: ...ɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɤɨɦ ɩɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɨɬɫɟɱɟɬɟ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ Ɉɬɫɢɱɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨ Ɉɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɨ ɨɬɫɢɱɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨ ɫɟ ɫɴɫɬɨɢ ɨɬ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɪɹɡɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɡ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɚɥɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ Ɂɚɩɨɱɧɟɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɹɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɨɬɤɴɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɞɚɧɟ ɍɛɟɞɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɩɨɞɪɹɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɡɚ ɬɜɴɪɞɟ ɞɴɥɛɨɤɨ ɜ ɞɴɧɟɪɚ ɉɨɞɪɹɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫ...

Page 86: ... ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɩɨ ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɟ ɫɬɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɧɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɩɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɚɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɞɴɧɟɪɚ ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɟ ɞɴɧɟɪɴɬ ɞɚ ɟ ɩɨɞɩɪɹɧ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɩɨɞ ɥɟɠɚɳɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɹɡɜɚɧɟ ɤɪɚɣ ɞɚ ɧɟ ɥɟɠɢ ɧɚ ɡɟ ɦɹɬɚ Ⱥɤɨ ɞɴɧɟɪɴɬ ɟ ɩɨɞɩɪɹɧ ɜ ɞɜɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɤɪɚɹ ɢ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɪɟɠɟɬɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɚɬɚ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɟɬɟ ɫɪɟɡ ɧɚɞɨɥɭ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɴɧɟɪɚ ɢ ɞɨɜɴɪɲɟ ɬɟ ɫɪɹɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɨɬɞɨɥɭ Ɍɚɤɚ ɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɡɚɤɥɢɧɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɜ ɞɴɧɟɪɚ ȼɧɢɦ...

Page 87: ...ɞɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɨɱɟɧɢɬɟ ɬɭɤ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɪɴɠɤɚ ɋɥɟɞ ɜɫɹɤɚ ɭɩɨɬ ɪɟɛɚ ɋɥɟɞ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɟ ȿɅȿɆȿɇɌ ȾȿɃɇɈɋɌ 10 20 ȼɢɧɬɨɜɟ ɝɚɣɤɢ ɛɨɥɬɨɜɟ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ Ɂɚɬɹɝɚɧɟ D ȼɴɡɞɭɲɟɧ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɉɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɦɹɧɚ D Ƚɨɪɢɜɟɧ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ Ɇɚɫɥɟɧ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɉɨɞɦɹɧɚ D Ɂɚɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɧɚ ɫɜɟɳ ɉɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟ Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɟ ɉɨɞɦɹɧɚ D ɂɫɤɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɢɤ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ D Ɇɚɪɤɭɱɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɪɢɜɨ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ D ɉɨɞɦɹɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɩ...

Page 88: ...ɬɴɪɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɡɧɟɬɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɚɪɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɥɨ Ɉɬɤɚɱɟɬɟ ɦɚɪɤɭɱɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɨɬ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭ ɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɦɩɚɬɚ Ʉɚɬɨ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɟ ɬɟɥ ɫ ɤɭɤɚ ɧɚɤɪɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɴɪɩɚɣɬɟ ɦɚɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɨɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨ ɚɪɚ ɋɜɚɥɟɬɟ ɢɡɰɹɥɨ ɮɢɥɬɴɪɚ ɢ ɦɚɪɤɭɱɚ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɩɚɪɱɟ ɦɚɪɤɭɱ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɚɪɚ ɢ ɝɨ ɢɡɞɴɪɩɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɨɬɜɨɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɴɥɧɟɧɟ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɧɨɜɢɹ ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɤɭɱɚ ɢ ɢɡ ɞɴɪɩɚɣɬɟ ɦɚɪɤɭɱɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɚɪɚ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɮɢɥɬɴɪɴɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɦɢɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɴɧɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɟɪ...

Page 89: ...ɢɝ ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ ɋɴɯɪɚɧɹɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɨɧ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɞɚɥɟɱ ɨɬ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɢ ɢɡɬɨɱɧɢɰɢ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɟɳ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɛɨɣɥɟɪ ɝɚɡɨɜɚ ɫɭɲɢɥɧɹ ɢ ɞɪ ɉɈȾȽɈɌȼəɇȿ ɇȺ ɆȺɒɂɇȺ ɁȺ ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ɋɅȿȾ ɄɈɇɋȿɊȼȺɐɂə ɋɜɚɥɟɬɟ ɡɚɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɜɟɳ ɂɡɞɴɪɩɚɣɬɟ ɪɹɡɤɨ ɜɴɠɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɢɡɥɢɲɴɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɜ ɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ ɉɨɱɢɫɬɟɬɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɯɥɚɛɢɧɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɜɟɳ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟ ɧɨɜɚ ɫɜɟɳ ɫ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚ...

Page 90: ...ɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢ ɪɴɤɚɜɢɰɢ ɢ ɤɪɴɝɥɚ ɩɢɥɚ PP ɧɟ ɜɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɹɬɚ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɡɚɤɭɩɢ ɞɨɩɴɥ ɧɢɬɟɥɧɨ ȼɢɧɚɝɢ ɡɚɬɨɱɜɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɠɟɳɢɬɟ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɫ ɞɜɢ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɢ ɨɬɜɴɬɪɟ ɧɚɜɴɧ Ɏɢɝ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɩɚɡɜɚɬɟ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɨɱɟɧɢ ɧɚ Ɏɢɝ ɋɥɟɞ ɡɚɬɨɱɜɚɧɟ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɪɟɠɟɳɢ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɚ ɫ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɴɥɠɢɧɚ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ʉɨɝɚɬɨ ɜɟɪɢ ɝɚɬɚ ɟ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɡɚɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɫɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɬ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɟɧɢ ɫɬɴɪɝɨɬɢɧɢ Ⱥɤɨ ɩɪɢ ...

Page 91: ...ɟɤɢ ɫɪɟɡɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɨ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɟ ɚ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɢɬɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɡɚɬɹɝɚɧɢ ɹɬɚ ɳɟ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɧɚɬ ɛɴɪɡɨ ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɇɟ ɫɟ ɞɨɩɭɫ ɤɚ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɢɡɜɢɤɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɨɬɨ ɡɴɛɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɥɨ ɋɦɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ȼɢɧɚɝɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚ ɫɦɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɞɨɛɪɟ Ɂɚɪɟɠ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɚɪɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɫɴɫ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ 63 5 Ⱦɨɛɪ...

Page 92: ...ɉɨɱɢɫɬɟɬɟ ɫɜɟɳɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɯɥɚɛɢɧɚɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɦɟɧɟɬɟ ɫɜɟɳɬɚ ɉɪɟɤɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɦ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɛɭɪɚɬɨɪɚ Ʉɚɪɛɭɪɚɬɨɪɴɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚ ɜ ɨɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɚɧ ɫɟɪɜɢɡ ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɜɟɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɜɧɚ ɫɦɟɫ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɜɟɧɚ ɝɨɪɢɜɧɚ ɫɦɟɫ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɤɴɦ ɱɚɫɬ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɦɚɫɥɨ ǱȎȞȎțȤȖȭ Ƚɚɪɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɢɹɬ ɫɪɨɤ ɧɚ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɟɪɢɠɧɢ ɬɪɢɨɧɢ 63 5 ɫɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɜ ɝɚɪɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɇɟɢɡɩ...

Page 93: ... tv 5545 cs2 indd 91 ɝ ...

Page 94: ... 5 tv 5545 cs2 indd 92 ɝ ...

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