Summary of Contents for RR39M7 Series

Page 1: ...FICATIONS 8 3 DISASSEMBLY REASSEMBLY 24 4 TROUBLESHOOTING 53 5 PCB PBA DIAGRAM 96 6 WIRING DIAGRAM 103 7 BLOCK DIAGRAM 106 8 REFERENCES 109 MODEL NAME RR39M7 RR39T7 RZ32R RZ32M7 RZ32T7 RZ11M7 REFRIGER...

Page 2: ...attempt to repair a major appliance may result in personal injury and property damage The manufacturer or dealer cannot be responsible for the interpretation of this information All rights reserved T...

Page 3: ...frost 53 4 2 Self Diagnosis 55 2 BOARD 58 1 BOARD 60 4 3 Load Display Function 62 4 4 Operation Restoration Function upon Instant Power Outage 64 4 5 Demo Mode Function 64 4 6 Option Setting Function...

Page 4: ...yout Description Inverter Board 100 5 6 Connector Layout Description Main Board Freezer Kimchi 101 5 7 Connector Layout Description Main Board Fridge 102 6 WIRING DIAGRAM 103 6 1 Wiring Diagram 103 7...

Page 5: ...d be the same as the previous state Check out the surrounding conditions Change the location if the fridge is located at humid wet places or the installed state is unstable If needed ground the fridge...

Page 6: ...electric shock Use the rated components on the replacement Check the correct model rated voltage rated current operating temperature and so on After repair check the assembled state of components It m...

Page 7: ...ening or closing the door may cause things to fall down with may inflict a wound Prohibition Prohibition Prohibition Prohibition Prohibition Do not allow users to disassemble repair or alter It may ca...

Page 8: ...blowing agent Properties ODP Ozone Depletion Potential 0 GWP Lowest GWP Global Warming Potential Digital temperature control display The display shows all functions of the appliance so that you can e...

Page 9: ...220 240V 50Hz 60Hz 115V 60Hz Motor rated consumption power C FAN 12v 2 2w 12v 2 2w R FAN 12v 2 2w N A F FAN N A 12v 2 2w Electric heater rated consumption power N A 200W 120V Kind of Refrigerator IND...

Page 10: ...y 220 240V 50Hz 60Hz Motor rated consumption power C FAN N A DC12V 1 15W DC12V 1 15W R FAN DC12V 2 2W N A N A F FAN N A DC12V 2 2W DC12V 2 2W Electric heater rated consumption power N A 200W 230V Kind...

Page 11: ...e BLDC Oil Charge cc 200 10 Mineral 5 cc Evaporator Freezer Split Fin Type condenser optional Convection Type Dryer molecular sieve HX 9 HX 7HP Capillary Tube OD1 8 ID0 82 L3500 Electric Components Ra...

Page 12: ...tarting type BLDC Oil Charge cc 200 10 Evaporator Freezer Split Fin Type condenser convection Type Dryer molecular sieve HX 9 HX 7HP Capillary Tube OD1 8 ID0 82 L3500 Electric Components Rated Voltage...

Page 13: ...50 mm 02 130 03 14 7 8 377 mm 04 27 1 2 967 mm 05 22 7 8 581 mm 06 1 4 5 5 mm 07 47 1194 mm NOTE You can install the refrigerator as close to the wall as possible However the closer the refrigerator...

Page 14: ...all Height C 1853 mm 01 at least 50 mm 02 92 03 62 mm 04 607 mm 05 575 mm 06 5 0 mm 07 1181 mm NOTE You can install the refrigerator as close to the wall as possible However the closer the refrigerato...

Page 15: ...ixer 06 Fixer 07 Install direction NOTE You can install the refrigerator as close to the wall as possible However the closer the refrigerator is to the wall the larger the power consumption is 2 4 Pai...

Page 16: ...92 03 1321mm 04 1194mm 05 Locker fixer 06 Fixer 07 Install direction NOTE You can install the refrigerator as close to the wall as possible However the closer the refrigerator is to the wall the large...

Page 17: ...surrounding wireless communication environment If your Internet service provider has registered the MAC address of your PC or modem for identification your Samsung Smart Refrigerator may fail to conn...

Page 18: ...ge for 3 seconds again Power Cool turns off and the refrigerator returns to the previous temperature setting NOTE Using Power Cool increases power consumption If you do not need the Power Cool functio...

Page 19: ...vider has registered the MAC address of your PC or modem for identification your Samsung Smart Refrigerator may fail to connect to the Internet If this happens contact your Internet service provider f...

Page 20: ...nts of food activate Power Freeze at least 20 hours before putting food in the freezer NOTE Using Power Freeze increases power consumption If you do not need the Power Freeze function on make sure you...

Page 21: ...wireless access point AP settings see the user manual of the AP Samsung Smart Refrigerators featuring the Samsung Smart Home Dongle support both Wi Fi 2 4 GHz with IEEE 802 11 b g n and Soft AP proto...

Page 22: ...old Power Freeze for 3 seconds again The freezer returns to the previous temperature setting To freeze large amounts of food activate Power Freeze for at least 20 hours before putting food in the free...

Page 23: ...ption Make sure you turn it off and return to the previous temperature if you do not intend to use it To quickly freeze large quantities Door Alarm You can set the alarm for a reminder If the door is...

Page 24: ...a damp place or place where it may come in contact with water Deteriorated insulation of electrical parts may cause an electric shock or fire The refrigerator must be grounded You must ground the refr...

Page 25: ...he fig ure of the wire cover with both hands lift up the wire cover 3 Turn the wire cover to the front by 90 degrees and then push up to remove NOTE Keep both the space cover and the wire cover in a s...

Page 26: ...Door Display type A 4 1 Remove the top frame cover from the right side first Then pull out to the front 4 2 Use a flat head screwdriver to insert in the holes one after another on the top of the door...

Page 27: ...e door NOTE Keep the hinge cover in a safe place It is necessary when you return the door to the initial position before reversing the door 6 Disconnect the connectors on or around the fridge door Loo...

Page 28: ...for Freezer Fridge Doors 1 Take off the inlay 2 Use a flat head screwdriver to insert in the hole on the control panel and remove it 3 Remove the panel from the connector NOTE A new inlay must be att...

Page 29: ...y using a flat head screwdriver 2 Use a cross head screwdriver to unscrew and remove the handle Be careful to avoid damage to the door when removing the cover and handle Door Guards Same for Freezer F...

Page 30: ...tion Item 1 Using a cross head screwdriver remove two screws from the inside of the dispenser 2 Pull down the dispenser to remove Water Tank Fridge Option Item 1 Remove the guard above the water tank...

Page 31: ...Same for Freezer Fridge Compart ments 1 Pull the drawer forward 2 Remove the drawer by tilting it Glass Shelf Same for Freezer Fridge Compart ments 1 Slightly lift up the shelf and pull it forward 2...

Page 32: ...FIGURE DESCRIPTION Removing Evap Cover 1 Remove all shelves and boxes 2 Using a Phillips screwdriver remove 4 screws from the Evap cover 3 Pull the cover up by the lower part 4 Remove from the connect...

Page 33: ...RIPTION Removing Cover Mutl 1 Remove 1 screw from the center of the Cover Multi 2 Pull up the lower part 3 Pull out by the upper left and right corners 4 Hold and pull the both sides 5 Remove the hous...

Page 34: ...ridge Evap Cover 2 Remove the wire connectors at the top Heater Bimetal Thermistor 3 After reclaiming the refrigerant gas the pipe can be cut to remove the evaporator 4 Remove the Evaporator 5 When so...

Page 35: ...35 DISASSEMBLY REASSEMBLY PART NAME FIGURE DESCRIPTION Power Box Same for Freezer Fridge Compart ments 1 Using a Phillips screwdriver remove four screws as shown in the figure 3 8 Electric Components...

Page 36: ...36 DISASSEMBLY REASSEMBLY PART NAME FIGURE DESCRIPTION Fan Motor Same for Freezer Fridge 1 Remove 4 screws 2 Remove 3 screws...

Page 37: ...DESCRIPTION Cover Case Junction 1 Remove screw by turning counterclockwise and take off the Cover case junction by pulling out Cover Compressor 1 Remove 5 screws by turning to counterclockwise and ta...

Page 38: ...r to the left Don t move it too much not to occur pipe fatigue failure remove the Assy Cap Drain Loose the screw that fix the Motor Fan and Tray Drain water Pull Motor Fan to the out side as much as p...

Page 39: ...39 DISASSEMBLY REASSEMBLY PART NAME FIGURE DESCRIPTION Relay O L 1 Remove Cover Relay 2 Remove the relay O L with a flat blade screwdriver Refer to the picture...

Page 40: ...TOR DA81 05659A by brazing the joint areas While brazing place flame cover or Incombustible Sheet behind the joint areas not to melt the Cabi Bottom 4 Link the condenser or immersion pipe and the PIPE...

Page 41: ...reinforced hinges 2 2 Locker fixer 1 3 Bottom reinforced hinge 1 4 Tapping screws A 4 5 Tapping screws B 2 6 Fixer 1 1 Join the top sides of the two refrigerators using the locker fixer and the tappi...

Page 42: ...ASSEMBLY 3 Join the legs of the two refrigerators using the bottom reinforced hinge and the tapping screws 4 Insert one end of the fixer between the two top front covers by making a gap 5 Push the fix...

Page 43: ...anket 4 During door reversing refrigerator should not be stained with oil Before reversing the door first of all main power should be switched off you should take out contents and accessories like doo...

Page 44: ...g a flat head screwdriver unscrew and remove the handle cover 2 Using a Phillips screwdriver remove 1 screw from the top bottom of the handle Keep the handle to assemble on the other side 3 Using a fl...

Page 45: ...e figure of the wire cover with both hands lift up the wire cover 3 Turn the wire cover to the front by 90 degrees and then push up to remove NOTE Keep both the space cover and the wire cover in a saf...

Page 46: ...splay type A 4 1 Remove the top frame cover from the right side first Then pull out to the front 4 2 Use a flat head screwdriver to insert in the holes one after another on the top of the door to remo...

Page 47: ...safe place It is necessary when you return the door to the initial position before reversing the door 6 Disconnect the connectors on or around the fridge door Loosen the screws from the top hinge to r...

Page 48: ...illips screwdriver unscrew the hinge low from the bottom Remove the foot from the other side 12 Assemble the hinge shaft on the other side Assembly procedure 12 1 Using a 8mm wrench remove the bolt NO...

Page 49: ...rewdriver remove the shaft and assemble to the other side 12 4 Screw the nut the bolt on the back 13 Screw the hinge low and foot to the other side and pull up the cabinet 14 Using a 10mm wrench chang...

Page 50: ...PART NAME FIGURE DESCRIPTION DOOR Reversing 16 Pull out the connector to the other side and reassem ble the cover control front 17 To assemble the door to the cabinet mount the door to the lower hinge...

Page 51: ...OOR Reversing 18 Attach the connector and assemble the cover wire hinge 19 1 Assemble the top frame cover by pushing the cover in toward the hinge Internal Display 19 2 Assemble the top frame cover by...

Page 52: ...cover usb 20 2 Turn the cover wire door by 90 degrees to insert in the cover usb Then turn the cover wire door back by 90 degrees 20 3 Hold and push the cover wire door to assemble in to the cap space...

Page 53: ...0 5 second for 4 seconds 2 Before this 4 second blinking time finishes release the Fridge Power Cool or Freezer Power Freezer or Temp Power Freezer buttons and press the Power Cool or Power Freezer b...

Page 54: ...ally 1 5 During the Forced Operation the Power RR Power Cool RZ Power Freezer function does not work When the Power function is selected its electric icon automatically goes off in 10 seconds 1 6 To c...

Page 55: ...eezer or Temp Power Freezer are pressed for 10 seconds 2 Self Diagnosis During Normal Operation 2 1 During the Normal Operation press the Fridge Power Cool or Freezer Power Freezer or Temp Power Freez...

Page 56: ...2 4 During the Self Diagnosis it is not possible to control the buttons When the Fridge 7 segment blinks its related sensors or parts are defective Ex 2 Defective Fridge Sensor Fridge Internal Displa...

Page 57: ...Wire Cut Wire Short or a fault with Tem perature Fuse The failure is displayed when defrosting of the F Compartment is about to end in 5 minutes 8 Abnormal High Temperature error 72 71 71 If the refr...

Page 58: ...0 11 should be within 7V 12V 5 C Fan The voltage between MAIN PCB CN30 2 3 should be within 7V 12V 6 R DEF ERROR It occurs when the failure is the separation of the Hous ing related to the F Com partm...

Page 59: ...f any parts have short circuited Check the Comp and Cycle 11 Comp Motor Re striction Error The error code is displayed when the compressor motor is constrained Check if the compressor and the Cycle is...

Page 60: ...Wire or the failure of the Motor itself The voltage between MAIN PCB CN30 19 18 should be within 7V 12V 5 C Fan The voltage between MAIN PCB CN30 20 18 should be within 7V 12V 6 Abnormal High Temperat...

Page 61: ...ut voltage This error occurs when the input voltage is below voltage or lower AC 53V Input power AC 110 127V or AC 106V Input power AC 220 240V 12 Comp Overvoltage Error The error code is displayed wh...

Page 62: ...om MAIN PCB But it just indicates that there are MICOM signals coming out It does not necessarily mean that the related parts Loads are operating In other word even though it shows a certain load work...

Page 63: ...7 in the ones place of Room R Segment e C FAN High RPM 6 C FAN LOW 7 in the ones place of Room R Segment f C FAN Low RPM 7 C Fan Highest e f in the ones place of Room R LED ON during the highest level...

Page 64: ...displays oF on the freezer temperature setting display of the panel and it indicates the refrigerator has entered or and the display panel will work normally which is exited the Exhibition mode 4 Whe...

Page 65: ...s on the freezer temperature setting display of the panel and it indicates the refrigerator has entered or exited the Exhibition mode After 5 seconds the display panel will work normally 4 When the un...

Page 66: ...the Fridge or Freezer button Then with Ding Dong sound it goes into the Option Setting mode Model Name Display RR39M7 RZ11M7 Press for 6 sec Press within 4 sec while the Display is blinking External...

Page 67: ...R is 1 C RZ is 21 C That is when changing temperature options the Fridge Freezer compartment will operate at RR 1 C RZ 21 C internally even if it shows 3 C RZ is 19 C on the display panel Therefore th...

Page 68: ...ed by 2 0 C Refer to the Fridge temperature changing draft If you wait for 20 seconds after changing the temperature MICOM will store the set value in EEPROM Andt it goes back to the normal display an...

Page 69: ...e 0 RR39M7 Option Item Value 1 RZ11M7 RZ 32T7 China Freezer Mode Option Item Value 0 Fridge Mode Option Item Value 1 Reference Value Panel Icon On Off States Child Lock Off Power Cool Off Alarm Off Va...

Page 70: ...Off Control Opion Item Value 16 MODEL RZ32R RZ 32T7 RR39M7 RZ11M7 RZ 32T7 Reference Value Panel Icon On Off States Child Lock Off Power Cool Off Alarm Off Vacation Off Wifi Off Setting Value Option Va...

Page 71: ...re increases by 0 3 High days Low Me dium Store Kimchi Ferment Kimchi Fridge Freezer Lock Unlock 5Sec Press for 3 seconds Decreasing Temp No Temp Change Increasing Tempe No Temp Change Indicated 1 Bas...

Page 72: ...eezer Kimchi model MAIN PCB Connector CN31 is inserted properly R Sensor is normal Voltage between MAIN PCB Connector CN31 5 WHT and CN31 6 WHT Start PCB and Temp Sensor are normal Check the connector...

Page 73: ...ect Replace Temp Sensor Check the assembled status of the Sensor Check Soldering Defect Short No No No NO 0 6V Value or Value 4 6V No Yes Yes Yes Yes Sensor MICOM Connector Ambient Between Connector C...

Page 74: ...contact defect Reconnect Replace Temp Sensor Check the wire connection Check Soldering Defect Short No No No NO 0 6V Value or Value 4 6V No Yes Yes Yes Yes Sensor MICOM Connector F DEF Between Connec...

Page 75: ...en MAIN PCB Connector CN30 13 WHT and Connector CN30 13 WHT and CN30 15 WHT is normal CN30 15 WHT is normal Input Voltage at MIC01 MICOM Pin 7 is normal Start PCB and Temp Sensor are normal Check the...

Page 76: ...contact Connector contact defect Reconnect Replace the Temp Sensor Check the assembled status of the Sensor Check the Soldering Defect Short No No No NO 0 6V Value or Value 4 6V No Yes Yes Yes Yes Se...

Page 77: ...mp Sensor Check the wire connection Check Soldering Defect Short No No No NO 0 6V Value or Value 4 6V No Yes Yes Yes Yes Sensor MICOM Connector R DEF Between Connector CN30 9 WHT and CN30 11 WHT Volta...

Page 78: ...Motor Connector Defective Motor Wire Check the motor rotating pulse input upon Fan Motor operation Refer to Fan Motor Circuit in this manual No No Note C FANOperationsbyAmbientTemperature 1 29 84 F or...

Page 79: ...R TERMINAL CN30 18 20 22 Contact problem at C Fan Motor Connector Defective Motor Wire Check the motor rotating pulse input upon Fan Motor operation Refer to Fan Motor Circuit in this manual No No Not...

Page 80: ...e And when the Freezer temp is lower than 10 50 F it will be regarded as an instant power failure 7 Min Apply power in Twin Cooling 15 Min Mono Cooling 7 Min after turning the motor off To prevent the...

Page 81: ...l power on the compressor and the R Fan operate And when the Freezer temp is lower than 10 50 F it will be regarded as an instant power failure 7 Min When to start power supply 7 Min after turning off...

Page 82: ...estMode Andthen when anyoneofthebuttonsispressedtwice theForced DefrostwillstartandtherelevantLEDLampwill lightuponthedisplaypanel SensorVoltageReadingLocation F DEF Between PCB COMMON Ground and CN31...

Page 83: ...plied to ZD501 Yes CN101 CN102 CN301 Connector is Good Yes No Temperature Sensor is normal Yes Temperature sensing part of MAIN PBA is Good Yes Replace MAIN PBA or Repair the connection Check the COMP...

Page 84: ...es Is DC 15V applied to ZD501 Yes CN102 connector is normal Yes No Temperature Sensor is normal Yes Is the main PBA temperature sensor good Yes Replace the MAIN PBA or repair the connector Check the C...

Page 85: ...unit is not in Forced Operation or Forced Defrost mode When the unit is plugged out and in again it keeps beeping Start Cancel Forced Operation Defrost MAIN PCB is normal Yes No No Yes Check if there...

Page 86: ...iring It may not be able to check when it is a closed built in environment and there is lots of noise around DingDong sound goes off when a button on the display panel is pressed Start Check Replace M...

Page 87: ...the Door open Replace the Door S W Repair the breaking of a wire Door S W Insert the connector Replace the Door S W Yes No No No Closed No Yes Yes Yes Check MAIN PCB and Door S W Remove and measure t...

Page 88: ...to check when it is a closed built in environment and there is lots of noise around When you press the button on the display panel a ding dong sound is heard Start Check Replace the MAIN PCB Buzzer No...

Page 89: ...Lamp is ok Start Check Replace REED S W Magnet Ass y Replace Repair PCB Replace PCB Check Connector Terminal Replace PCB Check Connector Terminal Replace LED LAMP Normal No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes...

Page 90: ...rt Check and Replace the Reed S W Magnet Ass y Replace Repair the PCB Replace the PCB Check the Connector Terminal Replace the PCB Check the Connector Terminal Replace the LED Lamp Normal No No No No...

Page 91: ...ntact Press the Power Cool Key for 3 seconds And then check display Re assemble PCB ASS Y Correct any restrictions on the buttons Defective PANEL PCB Defective PANEL PCB No No Being Pressed When PANEL...

Page 92: ...or 3 seconds and then check the display Reassemble the PCB ASS Y and clear the button jam Defective Panel PCB Defective Panel PCB No No Being pressed When Panel Key is not selected No No When being se...

Page 93: ...minals Yes Panel PCB operates normally Loads such as Relay operate normally Is there PCB Short or breakage Yes No Plug in the unit No Check the wire connections No 1 Replace Fuse AC 250V 2 0A 2 Replac...

Page 94: ...lied from the CE105 terminal Yes Is the Panel PCB operating normally Are loads such as Relay operating properly Is there PCB Short or breakage Yes No Plug in the unit No Check the wire connections No...

Page 95: ...he COMP cycle etc SPM Fault Position Sensing Error 1 Check the COMP wire connections U V W 2 Check the PBA bottom side soldering state 3 Other cases check the COMP cycle etc Motor Locked Over RPM 1 Ch...

Page 96: ...ses and it detects the Fridge Freezer door open 6 Main Panel PCB operation control 7 Fan motor F R control It supplies DC 8 12V to the fan motor 8 Anti Bacteria kit conrtol It supplies DC 12V to the k...

Page 97: ...cuit It receives the COMP MSV operation signals from the Main PBA and feedbacks the inverter errors to the Main PBA 3 Micom uPD78F1201 4 BOOTSTRAP Charger It is an independent power circuit for the dr...

Page 98: ...rnal external noise removes EMI noise 4 Main EEPROM Load control and data storage 5 Relay Block AC load control Heater control 6 Sensor Switch Fan Motor control 7 Main Display signal transmission 8 Ro...

Page 99: ...99 PCB PBA DIAGRAM 5 4 Connector Layout Description Main Board This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 2 BOARD...

Page 100: ...100 PCB PBA DIAGRAM 5 5 Connector Layout Description Inverter Board This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 2 BOARD...

Page 101: ...CN102 COMP COMP SIGNAL_U COMP SIGNAL_V COMP SIGNAL_W CN10 AC INPUT N1 L1 CN30 SENSOR SWITCH FAN DOOR S W EXT SENSOR DEF SENSOR ROOM SENSOR R FAN R FAN F G HUMIDITY SENSOR C FAN C FAN F G DC 5V GND CN7...

Page 102: ...1 CN30 SENSOR SWITCH FAN DOOR S W EXT SENSOR DEF SENSOR ROOM SENSOR R FAN R FAN F G HUMIDITY SENSOR C FAN C FAN F G DC 5V GND CN70 AC OUTPUT N A N A N A F G CN50 Display GRID LINE 5 1 DATA LINE 6 9 K...

Page 103: ...103 6 WIRING DIAGRAM This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 6 1 Wiring Diagram 2 BOARD...

Page 104: ...104 WIRING DIAGRAM This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 2 BOARD B PJT...

Page 105: ...105 WIRING DIAGRAM This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 1 BOARD...

Page 106: ...106 7 BLOCK DIAGRAM This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 7 1 PBA Main 2 BOARD...

Page 107: ...107 BLOCK DIAGRAM 7 2 Block Diagram PBA Inverter This document can not be used without Samsung s authorization 2 BOARD...

Page 108: ...rcuit SWITCH Door Switch R Room Lamp Control Circuit R Room Lamp LED PCB Display Control Circuit LED Lighting Button Input DISPLAY BLDC Fan Motor Control Circuit Motor Operation FG Signal Occurrence R...

Page 109: ...espoke YES 4EA 0 A 7 F Refined Steel 1 Non Bespoke External No Easy Dongle Ready 1 SlimIceMaker YES 4EA 1 S 9 RefinedINOX HalfGlossy LightDOI 2 2 SlimIceMaker Hotstamping YES 4EA 2 Levle2 S A Metal Gr...

Page 110: ...ternal Yes Easy Dongle Ready 2 5EA Foldable Shelf 2EA 1ea 4EA 2 S A MetalGraphite 3 Non Bespoke External Yes Easy Dongle Ready 3 5EA Foldable Shelf Bottle rack 2EA 4EA Hotstamping 3 A E B C EmpireBlac...

Page 111: ...Non Bespoke Internal No Easy Dongle Ready 0 HotStamping ShelfOnly YES 2EA 2EA 2EA 4EA 0 A 7 F RefinedSteel 1 Non Bespoke External No Easy Dongle Ready 1 HotStamping ShelfOnly YES 2EA 2EA 2EA 6EA 1 S 9...

Page 112: ...115 REFERENCES 2 Side vacuuming more than 20min Gas Leakage case VACUUMING PRESSURE IS NOT GOING TO MORE THAN 29 PSI Vacuuming 8 2 Cycle repair standard working process...

Page 113: ...116 REFERENCES 10 MIN after Compressor operation cycle blockage under 25PSI normal R 134A 2PSI R 600A 10PSI 20PSI GAS CHARGING AND cycle DEFEC CHECKING...

Page 114: ...sung Electronics Co Ltd Any unauthorized use of Manual can be punished under applicable International or domestic law For the latest information Please access to our service web site Europe Mid east A...

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