ABB Relion 670 Series REL670 Commissioning Manual Download

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Relion

670 series

Line distance protection REL670 2.1 IEC

Commissioning manual

Summary of Contents for Relion 670 Series REL670

Page 1: ...Relion 670 series Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC Commissioning manual ...

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Page 4: ...erms of such license This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org This product includes cryptographic software written developed by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com and Tim Hudson tjh cryptsoft com Trademarks ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be...

Page 5: ...product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons including but not limited to personal injuries or death shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity applying the equipment and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be compl...

Page 6: ...nd concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits Low voltage directive 2006 95 EC This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standard EN 60255 26 for the EMC directive and with the product standards EN 60255 1 and EN 60255 27 for the low voltage directive The product is designed in accordance with the international standards of ...

Page 7: ...9 Back up protection functions 31 Control and monitoring functions 32 Communication 38 Basic IED functions 41 Section 4 Starting up 43 Factory and site acceptance testing 43 Commissioning checklist 43 Checking the power supply 44 Energizing the IED 44 Checking the IED operation 44 IED start up sequence 45 Setting up communication between PCM600 and the IED 45 Writing an application configuration t...

Page 8: ...3 The LON Protocol 64 Hardware and software modules 64 Optical budget calculation for serial communication with LON 66 Section 8 Establishing connection and verifying the IEC 61850 communication 67 Overview 67 Setting the station communication 67 Verifying the communication 68 Section 9 Testing IED operation 69 Preparing for test 69 Requirements 69 Preparing the IED to verify settings 71 Activatin...

Page 9: ...ng the test 88 Additional security logic for differential protection LDRGFC 88 Verifying the settings 88 Completing the test 90 Impedance protection 90 Distance protection zones quadrilateral characteristic ZMQPDIS 90 Measuring the operating limit of set values 93 Measuring the operating time of distance protection zones 94 Completing the test 94 Phase selection with load encroachment quadrilatera...

Page 10: ...put interaction between FDPSPDIS or FRPSPDIS and ZMRPSB 119 Completing the test 119 Power swing logic PSLPSCH 119 Testing the carrier send and trip signals 120 Testing the influence of the residual overcurrent protection 120 Checking the underreaching zone 121 Completing the test 121 Pole slip protection PSPPPAM 121 Verifying the settings 122 Completing the test 124 Out of step protection OOSPPAM ...

Page 11: ...er protection SDEPSDE 150 Measuring the operate and time limit for set values 150 Completing the test 156 Thermal overload protection one time constant Celsius Fahrenheit LCPTTR LFPTTR 156 Measuring the operate and time limit of set values 156 Completing the test 157 Breaker failure protection phase segregated activation and output CCRBRF 157 Checking the phase current operate value IP 157 Checkin...

Page 12: ...Extended testing 173 Completing the test 173 Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV 173 Verifying the settings 173 Completing the test 174 Overexcitation protection OEXPVPH 174 Verifying the settings 174 Completing the test 175 Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV 175 Check of undervoltage levels 175 Check of voltage differential trip and alarm levels 177 Check of trip and trip reset...

Page 13: ...ing that the binary inputs and outputs operate as expected 189 Measuring the operate value for the negative sequence function 190 Measuring the operate value for the zero sequence function 191 Measuring the operate value for the dead line detection function 192 Checking the operation of the du dt and di dt based function 192 Completing the test 193 Fuse failure supervision VDSPVC 193 Completing th...

Page 14: ...ng the test 214 Current reversal and Weak end infeed logic for distance protection 3 phase ZCRWPSCH 214 Current reversal logic 215 Weak end infeed logic 215 Completing the test 216 Local acceleration logic ZCLCPSCH 216 Verifying the settings 216 Completing the test 217 Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection ECPSCH 217 Testing the directional comparison logic function 217 Co...

Page 15: ...ions 233 Completing the test 234 Liquid medium supervision SSIML 234 Testing the liquid medium supervision for alarm and lock out conditions 234 Completing the test 234 Breaker monitoring SSCBR 235 Verifying the settings 235 Completing the test 237 Event function EVENT 237 Fault locator LMBRFLO 237 Measuring the operate limit 238 Completing the test 239 Limit counter L4UFCNT 239 Completing the tes...

Page 16: ...12 Commissioning and maintenance of the fault clearing system 249 Commissioning tests 249 Periodic maintenance tests 249 Visual inspection 250 Maintenance tests 250 Preparation 250 Recording 251 Secondary injection 251 Alarm test 251 Self supervision check 251 Trip circuit check 251 Measurement of service currents 252 Restoring 253 Section 13 Glossary 255 Table of contents 10 Line distance protect...

Page 17: ... chapters are organized in the chronological order in which the IED should be commissioned The relevant procedures may be followed also during the service and maintenance activities 1 2 Intended audience This manual addresses the personnel responsible for commissioning maintenance and taking the IED in and out of normal service The commissioning personnel must have a basic knowledge of handling el...

Page 18: ...o the project structure The manual also recommends a sequence for the engineering of protection and control functions LHMI functions as well as communication engineering for IEC 60870 5 103 IEC 61850 DNP3 LON and SPA The installation manual contains instructions on how to install the IED The manual provides procedures for mechanical and electrical installation The chapters are organized in the chr...

Page 19: ...agrams input and output signals setting parameters and technical data sorted per function The manual can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase installation and commissioning phase and during normal service The communication protocol manual describes the communication protocols supported by the IED The manual concentrates on the vendor specific implementations The point list...

Page 20: ...1MRK 511 349 UEN Communication protocol manual IEC 61850 Edition 2 1MRK 511 350 UEN Communication protocol manual LON 1MRK 511 352 UEN Communication protocol manual SPA 1MRK 511 353 UEN Point list manual DNP3 1MRK 511 354 UUS Accessories guide 1MRK 514 012 BEN Cyber security deployment guideline 1MRK 511 356 UEN Connection and Installation components 1MRK 513 003 BEN Test system COMBITEST 1MRK 512...

Page 21: ...n of damaged equipment may result in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death It is important that the user fully complies with all warning and cautionary notices 1 4 2 Document conventions Abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are spelled out in the glossary The glossary also contains definitions of important terms Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is p...

Page 22: ... the signal starts and continues Signal paths that extend beyond the logic diagram and continue in another diagram have the suffix cont 1 5 IEC61850 edition 1 edition 2 mapping Table 1 IEC61850 edition 1 edition 2 mapping Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes AEGPVOC AEGGAPC AEGPVOC AGSAL AGSAL SECLLN0 AGSAL ALMCALH ALMCALH ALMCALH ALTIM ALTIM ALTMS ALTMS ALTRK ALTRK ...

Page 23: ...PTRC_B23 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B24 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUTPTRC_B1 BUTPTRC BBTPLLN0 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B2 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B3 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B4 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B5 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B6 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B7 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BUTPTRC_B8 BUTPTRC BUTPTRC BZISGGIO BZISGGIO BZISGAPC BZITGGIO BZITGGIO BZITGAPC BZNSPDIF_A BZNSPDIF BZASGAPC BZASPDIF BZNSGAPC BZNSPDIF BZNSPDIF_B B...

Page 24: ...1PTRC GF2MMXN GF2PHAR GF2PTOV GF2PTUC GF2PTUV GF2PVOC PH1PTRC CVMMXN CVMMXN CVMMXN D2PTOC D2LLN0 D2PTOC PH1PTRC D2PTOC PH1PTRC DPGAPC DPGGIO DPGAPC DRPRDRE DRPRDRE DRPRDRE ECPSCH ECPSCH ECPSCH ECRWPSCH ECRWPSCH ECRWPSCH EF2PTOC EF2LLN0 EF2PTRC EF2RDIR GEN2PHAR PH1PTOC EF2PTRC EF2RDIR GEN2PHAR PH1PTOC EF4PTOC EF4LLN0 EF4PTRC EF4RDIR GEN4PHAR PH1PTOC EF4PTRC EF4RDIR GEN4PHAR PH1PTOC EFPIOC EFPIOC EF...

Page 25: ...DIF HZPDIF HZPDIF INDCALCH INDCALH INDCALH ITBGAPC IB16FCVB ITBGAPC L3CPDIF L3CPDIF L3CGAPC L3CPDIF L3CPHAR L3CPTRC L4UFCNT L4UFCNT L4UFCNT L6CPDIF L6CPDIF L6CGAPC L6CPDIF L6CPHAR L6CPTRC LAPPGAPC LAPPLLN0 LAPPPDUP LAPPPUPF LAPPPDUP LAPPPUPF LCCRPTRC LCCRPTRC LCCRPTRC LCNSPTOC LCNSPTOC LCNSPTOC LCNSPTOV LCNSPTOV LCNSPTOV LCP3PTOC LCP3PTOC LCP3PTOC LCP3PTUC LCP3PTUC LCP3PTUC LCPTTR LCPTTR LCPTTR LC...

Page 26: ...IR GEN4PHAR PH1PTOC EF4PTRC EF4RDIR PH1PTOC O2RWPTOV GEN2LLN0 O2RWPTOV PH1PTRC O2RWPTOV PH1PTRC OC4PTOC OC4LLN0 GEN4PHAR PH3PTOC PH3PTRC GEN4PHAR PH3PTOC PH3PTRC OEXPVPH OEXPVPH OEXPVPH OOSPPAM OOSPPAM OOSPPAM OOSPTRC OV2PTOV GEN2LLN0 OV2PTOV PH1PTRC OV2PTOV PH1PTRC PAPGAPC PAPGAPC PAPGAPC PCFCNT PCGGIO PCFCNT PH4SPTOC GEN4PHAR OCNDLLN0 PH1BPTOC PH1PTRC GEN4PHAR PH1BPTOC PH1PTRC PHPIOC PHPIOC PHPI...

Page 27: ...MAN1RSYN SYNRSYN AUT1RSYN MAN1RSYN SYNRSYN SINGLELCCH SCHLCCH SLGAPC SLGGIO SLGAPC SMBRREC SMBRREC SMBRREC SMPPTRC SMPPTRC SMPPTRC SP16GAPC SP16GGIO SP16GAPC SPC8GAPC SPC8GGIO SPC8GAPC SPGAPC SPGGIO SPGAPC SSCBR SSCBR SSCBR SSIMG SSIMG SSIMG SSIML SSIML SSIML STBPTOC STBPTOC BBPMSS STBPTOC STEFPHIZ STEFPHIZ STEFPHIZ STTIPHIZ STTIPHIZ STTIPHIZ SXCBR SXCBR SXCBR SXSWI SXSWI SXSWI T2WPDIF T2WPDIF T2W...

Page 28: ... VMMXU VMMXU VMMXU VMSQI VMSQI VMSQI VNMMXU VNMMXU VNMMXU VRPVOC VRLLN0 PH1PTRC PH1PTUV VRPVOC PH1PTRC PH1PTUV VRPVOC VSGAPC VSGGIO VSGAPC WRNCALH WRNCALH WRNCALH ZC1PPSCH ZPCPSCH ZPCPSCH ZC1WPSCH ZPCWPSCH ZPCWPSCH ZCLCPSCH ZCLCPLAL ZCLCPSCH ZCPSCH ZCPSCH ZCPSCH ZCRWPSCH ZCRWPSCH ZCRWPSCH ZCVPSOF ZCVPSOF ZCVPSOF ZGVPDIS ZGVLLN0 PH1PTRC ZGVPDIS ZGVPTUV PH1PTRC ZGVPDIS ZGVPTUV ZMCAPDIS ZMCAPDIS ZMCA...

Page 29: ...MFPTRC ZMMMXU ZMHPDIS ZMHPDIS ZMHPDIS ZMMAPDIS ZMMAPDIS ZMMAPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPSB ZMRPSB ZMRPSB ZSMGAPC ZSMGAPC ZSMGAPC 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 1 Introduction Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 23 Commissioning manual ...

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Page 31: ...2 2 Warnings Observe the warnings during all types of work related to the product Only electrically skilled persons with the proper authorization and knowledge of any safety hazards are allowed to carry out the electrical installation National and local electrical safety regulations must always be followed Working in a high voltage environment requires serious approach to avoid human injuries and ...

Page 32: ...nfiguration This is class 1 equipment that shall be earthed Never disconnect the secondary connection of current transformer circuit without short circuiting the transformer s secondary winding Operating a current transformer with the secondary winding open will cause a massive potential build up that may damage the transformer and may cause injuries to humans Never remove any screw from a powered...

Page 33: ... conductive wrist strap connected to protective earth when replacing modules Electrostatic discharge ESD may damage the module and IED circuitry Take care to avoid electrical shock during installation and commissioning Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the IEDs operation Be careful and check regulations before making the change 2 4 Note signs Observe the maximum allowed cont...

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Page 35: ...n 0 1 Impedance protection ZMQPDIS ZMQAPDIS 21 Distance protection zone quadrilateral characteristic 1 5 5 ZDRDIR 21D Directional impedance quadrilateral 1 2 1 ZMCAPDIS 21 Additional distance measuring zone quadrilateral characteristic 1 ZMCPDIS ZMCAPDIS 21 Distance measuring zone quadrilateral characteristic for series compensated lines 1 5 ZDSRDIR 21D Directional impedance quadrilateral includin...

Page 36: ...quadrilateral characteristic separate settings 1 5 FRPSPDIS 21 Phase selection quadrilateral characteristic with fixed angle 2 ZMFPDIS 21 High speed distance protection 1 1 1 1 1 ZMFCPDIS 21 High speed distance protection for series compensated lines 1 ZMRPSB 68 Power swing detection 0 1 1 1 1 1 PSLPSCH Power swing logic 0 1 1 B03 1 B03 1 B03 1 B03 PSPPPAM 78 Pole slip out of step protection 0 2 1...

Page 37: ...1 C16 1 C16 1 C16 1 C16 LCPTTR 26 Thermal overload protection one time constant Celsius 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 LFPTTR 26 Thermal overload protection one time constant Fahrenheit 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 CCRBRF 50BF Breaker failure protection 0 2 1 1 2 1 2 STBPTOC 50STB Stub protection 0 1 1 1 CCPDSC 52PD Pole discordance protection 0 2 1 2 1 2 GUPPDUP 37 Directional underpower protection 0 2 1 C17 1 C17 1 C17 1 C17 G...

Page 38: ...2 E02 2 E02 2 E02 SAPFRC 81 Rate of change frequency protection 0 2 2 E02 2 E02 2 E02 2 E02 Multipurpose protection CVGAPC General current and voltage protection 0 4 1 4 F01 4 F01 4 F01 4 F01 General calculation SMAIHPAC Multipurpose filter 0 6 1 67 requires voltage 2 67N requires voltage 3 3 Control and monitoring functions IEC 61850 ANSI Function description Line Distance REL670 REL670 A21 REL67...

Page 39: ...for Double Point indication 16 16 16 16 16 16 SPC8GAPC Single point generic control 8 signals 5 5 5 5 5 5 AUTOBITS AutomationBits command function for DNP3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 SINGLECMD Single command 16 signals 4 4 4 4 4 4 I103CMD Function commands for IEC 60870 5 103 1 1 1 1 1 1 I103GENCMD Function commands generic for IEC 60870 5 103 50 50 50 50 50 50 I103POSCMD IED commands with position and select ...

Page 40: ...RY SRMEMORY TIMERSET XOR Basic configurable logic blocks see Table 3 40 420 40 42 0 40 42 0 40 42 0 40 42 0 40 42 0 ANDQT INDCOMBSPQT INDEXTSPQT INVALIDQT INVERTERQT ORQT PULSETIMERQT RSMEMORYQT SRMEMORYQT TIMERSETQT XORQT Configurable logic blocks Q T see Table 4 0 1 AND GATE INV LLD OR PULSETIMER SLGAPC SRMEMORY TIMERSET VSGAPC XOR Extension logic package see Table 5 0 1 FXDSIGN Fixed signal fun...

Page 41: ...presentation of secondary analog inputs 1 1 1 1 1 1 EVENT Event function 20 20 20 20 20 20 DRPRDRE A1RADR A4RADR B1RBDR B8RBDR Disturbance report 1 1 1 1 1 1 SPGAPC Generic communication function for Single Point indication 64 64 64 64 64 64 SP16GAPC Generic communication function for Single Point indication 16 inputs 16 16 16 16 16 16 MVGAPC Generic communication function for Measured Value 24 24...

Page 42: ... I103IED IED status for IEC 60870 5 103 1 1 1 1 1 1 I103SUPERV Supervison status for IEC 60870 5 103 1 1 1 1 1 1 I103USRDEF Status for user defined signals for IEC 60870 5 103 20 20 20 20 20 20 L4UFCNT Event counter with limit supervision 30 30 30 30 30 30 TEILGAPC Running hour meter 9 9 9 9 9 9 Metering PCFCNT Pulse counter logic 16 16 16 16 16 16 ETPMMTR Function for energy calculation and deman...

Page 43: ...T 20 INVALIDQT 22 INVERTERQT 120 ORQT 120 PULSETIMERQT 40 RSMEMORYQT 40 SRMEMORYQT 40 TIMERSETQT 40 XORQT 40 Table 5 Total number of instances for extended logic package Extended configurable logic block Total number of instances AND 180 GATE 49 INV 180 LLD 49 OR 180 PULSETIMER 59 SLGAPC 74 SRMEMORY 110 TIMERSET 49 VSGAPC 130 XOR 49 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 3 Available functions Line distance pr...

Page 44: ...1 1 1 1 1 CH1TCP CH2TCP CH3TCP CH4TCP DNP3 0 for TCP IP communication protocol 1 1 1 1 1 1 CHSEROPT DNP3 0 for TCP IP and EIA 485 communication protocol 1 1 1 1 1 1 MST1TCP MST2TCP MST3TCP MST4TCP DNP3 0 for serial communication protocol 1 1 1 1 1 1 DNPFREC DNP3 0 fault records for TCP IP and EIA 485 communication protocol 1 1 1 1 1 1 IEC 61850 8 1 Parameter setting function for IEC 61850 1 1 1 1 ...

Page 45: ...ation component 1 1 1 1 1 1 LD0LLN0 IEC 61850 LD0 LLN0 1 1 1 1 1 1 SYSLLN0 IEC 61850 SYS LLN0 1 1 1 1 1 1 LPHD Physical device information 1 1 1 1 1 1 PCMACCS IED Configuration Protocol 1 1 1 1 1 1 SECALARM Component for mapping security events on protocols such as DNP3 and IEC103 1 1 1 1 1 1 FSTACCS FSTACCSNA Field service tool access via SPA protocol over ethernet communication 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACTIV...

Page 46: ...ommunication logic for distance protection 0 1 1 B05 1 B05 ZCRWPSCH 85 Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for distance protection 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 ZC1WPSCH 85 Current reversal and weak end infeed logic for phase segregated communication 0 1 1 B05 1 B05 ZCLCPSCH Local acceleration logic 1 1 1 1 1 1 ECPSCH 85 Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection 0 1 1 1 1 1 ECRWPSCH 85...

Page 47: ...gnal matrix for mA inputs SMAI1 SMAI12 Signal matrix for analog inputs ATHSTAT Authority status ATHCHCK Authority check AUTHMAN Authority management FTPACCS FTP access with password SPACOMMMAP SPA communication mapping SPATD Date and time via SPA protocol DOSFRNT Denial of service frame rate control for front port DOSLANAB Denial of service frame rate control for OEM port AB DOSLANCD Denial of ser...

Page 48: ...MICTRL Local HMI signals LANGUAGE Local human machine language SCREEN Local HMI Local human machine screen behavior FNKEYTY1 FNKEYTY5 FNKEYMD1 FNKEYMD5 Parameter setting function for HMI in PCM600 LEDGEN General LED indication part for LHMI OPENCLOSE_LED LHMI LEDs for open and close keys GRP1_LED1 GRP1_LED15 GRP2_LED1 GRP2_LED15 GRP3_LED1 GRP3_LED15 Basic part for CP HW LED indication module Secti...

Page 49: ...e acceptance testing SAT or commissioning testing is typically done to verify that the installed IED is correctly set and connected to the power system SAT requires that the acceptance testing has been performed and that the application configuration is verified Maintenance testing is a periodic verification that the IED is healthy and has correct settings depending on changes in the power system ...

Page 50: ...missioning procedures Energize the power supply of the IED to start it up Keep the DC power supply on until the Root menu or the selected default screen is shown on the HMI before interrupting the DC power supply again The energization could be done in a number of ways from energizing a whole cubicle with many IEDs to energizing each single IED one by one If HW i e I O and or communication boards ...

Page 51: ...d 3 The main menu is displayed A steady green light indicates a successful startup If the upper row in the window indicates Fail instead of Ready and the green LED flashes an internal failure in the IED has been detected See section to investigate the fault 4 5 Setting up communication between PCM600 and the IED The communication between the IED and PCM600 is independent of the communication proto...

Page 52: ...ss when the IED is delivered The IP adress and the subnetwork mask might have to be reset when an additional Ethernet interface is installed or an interface is replaced The default IP address for the IED front port is 10 1 150 3 and the corresponding subnetwork mask is 255 255 255 0 which can be set via the local HMI path Main menu Configuration Communication Ethernet configuration FRONT 1 Setting...

Page 53: ... straight standard Ethernet cable can be used 1 Select Search programs and files in the Start menu in Windows IEC13000057 1 en vsd IEC13000057 V1 EN Figure 4 Select Search programs and files 2 Type View network connections and click on the View network connections icon 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 4 Starting up Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 47 Commissioning manual ...

Page 54: ...C13000059 1 en vsd IEC13000059 V1 EN Figure 6 Right click Local Area Connection and select Properties 4 Select the TCP IPv4 protocol from the list of configured components using this connection and click Properties Section 4 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Starting up 48 Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC Commissioning manual ...

Page 55: ...ress and define IP address and Subnet mask if the front port is used and if the IP address is not set to be obtained automatically by the IED see Figure 8 The IP address must be different from the IP address chosen for the IED 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 4 Starting up Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 49 Commissioning manual ...

Page 56: ...rk for this set up to work 4 6 Writing an application configuration to the IED When writing a configuration to the IED with PCM600 the IED is automatically set in configuration mode When the IED is set in configuration mode all functions are blocked The red LED on the IED flashes and the green LED is lit while the IED is in the configuration mode When the configuration is written and completed the...

Page 57: ...esistance is near the calculated value for maximum DC resistance perform a complete burden test CT excitation test in order to confirm that the current transformer is of the correct accuracy rating and that there are no shorted turns in the current transformer windings Manufacturer s design curves must be available for the current transformer to compare the actual results Earthing check of the ind...

Page 58: ...econdary side 4 9 Using the RTXP test switch The RTXP test switch is designed to provide the means of safe testing of the IED This is achieved by the electromechanical design of the test switch and test plug handle When the test plug handle is inserted it first blocks the trip and alarm circuits then it short circuits the CT secondary circuit and opens the VT secondary circuits making the IED avai...

Page 59: ...le connector Inserting anything else such as a measurement probe may damage the female connector and prevent a proper electrical contact between the printed circuit board and the external wiring connected to the screw terminal block 4 10 1 Binary input circuits Preferably disconnect the binary input connector from the binary input cards Check all connected signals so that both input level and pola...

Page 60: ... requirement of 180 mm for plastic fiber cables and 275 mm for glass fiber cables Check the allowed minimum bending radius from the optical cable manufacturer Section 4 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Starting up 54 Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC Commissioning manual ...

Page 61: ... established before the settings can be written to the IED Make sure that the DC supply is not turned off when the IED saves the written configuration The IED uses a FLASH disk for storing configuration data and process data like counters object states Local Remote switch position etc Since FLASH memory is used measures have been taken in software to make sure that the FLASH disk is not worn out b...

Page 62: ...rameter shall be set for every current transformer connected to the IED Table 8 CT configuration Parameter description Parameter name Range Default Rated CT primary current in A CT Prim Input from 0 to 99999 3000 This parameter defines the primary rated current of the CT For two set of CTs with ratio 1000 1 and 1000 5 this parameter is set to the same value of 1000 for both CT inputs The parameter...

Page 63: ...or module failure The error flag is also set when the physical I O module of the correct type is not detected in the connected slot 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 5 Configuring the IED and changing settings Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 57 Commissioning manual ...

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Page 65: ...ration Communication Station communication Port configuration SLM optical serial port PROTOCOL 1 When the setting is entered the IED restarts automatically After the restart the SPA IEC port operates as a SPA port 2 Set the slave number and baud rate for the rear SPA port The slave number and baud rate can be found on the local HMI under Main menu Configuration Communication Station communication ...

Page 66: ...ere are some different methods Choose one of the following 6 2 1 Verifying SPA communication Procedure 1 Use a SPA emulator and send RF to the IED The answer from the IED should be the type and version of it for example REL670 2 1 2 Generate one binary event by activating a function which is configured to an event block where the used input is set to generate events on SPA The configuration must b...

Page 67: ...fibre optic loop can contain 20 30 IEDs depending on requirements on response time Connection to a personal computer PC can be made directly if the PC is located in the substation or by telephone modem through a telephone network with ITU CCITT characteristics Table 9 Max distances between IEDs nodes glass 1000 m according to optical budget plastic 25 m inside cubicle according to optical budget 6...

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Page 69: ...th here Control Center IED IED IED Gateway Star coupler RER 111 Station HSI MicroSCADA IEC05000663 1 en vsd IEC05000663 V2 EN Figure 9 Example of LON communication structure for a substation automation system An optical network can be used within the substation automation system This enables communication with the IEDs through the LON bus from the operator s workplace from the control center and a...

Page 70: ...but one very central unit needed is the LON Star Coupler and optical fibres connecting the star coupler to the IEDs To interface the IEDs from the MicroSCADA with Classic Monitor application library LIB520 is required The HV Control 670 software module is included in the LIB520 high voltage process package which is a part of the Application Software Library in MicroSCADA applications The HV Contro...

Page 71: ...et the LON port of the IED Path in the local HMI under Main menu Configuration Communication SLM configuration Rear optical LON port These parameters can only be set with the LON Network Tool LNT Table 12 Setting parameters for the LON communication Parameter Range Default Unit Parameter description DomainID 0 0 Domain identification number SubnetID 0 255 Step 1 0 Subnet identification number Node...

Page 72: ... the node address to the LON Network Tool 7 2 Optical budget calculation for serial communication with LON Table 16 Example Distance 1 km Glass Distance10 m Plastic Maximum attenuation 11 dB 7 dB 4 dB km multi mode 820 nm 62 5 125 um 4 dB 0 3 dB m plastic 620 nm 1mm 3 dB Margins for installation aging and so on 5 dB 2 dB Losses in connection box two contacts 0 75 dB contact 1 5 dB Losses in connec...

Page 73: ...communication The rear OEM port CD is used for IEC 61850 9 2LE communication For IEC 61850 8 1 redundant communication both OEM port AB and CD are used exclusively IEC 61850 9 2LE communication can only be used on OEM rear port X311 C D To enable IEC 61850 station communication 1 Enable IEC 61850 8 1 substation bus communication for port AB 1 1 Set values for the rear ports AB Navigate to Main men...

Page 74: ...settings needed for the IEC 61850 9 2LE communication in the local HMI branch Station communication Make sure that the optical fibres are connected correctly Communication is enabled whenever the merging unit starts sending data 8 3 Verifying the communication To verify that the communication is working a test analyzing tool for example ITT600 can be used Verifying redundant IEC 61850 8 1 communic...

Page 75: ... the binary inputs and outputs Therefore before testing check that the available terminal diagram corresponds to the IED The technical manual contains application and functionality summaries function blocks logic diagrams input and output signals setting parameters and technical data sorted per function The test equipment should be able to provide a three phase supply of voltages and currents The ...

Page 76: ...must be interpreted as analog values received from merging units MU via IEC 61850 9 2LE communication protocol analog values received from the transformer input module or analog values received from the LDCM When using a MU test simulator make sure it is set to the correct SVID and that the system frequency is set to the same as in the IED Please observe the measuring accuracy of the IED the test ...

Page 77: ...ude analog information and so on Check the disturbance report settings to ensure that the indications are correct Forinformationaboutthefunctionstotest forexamplesignalorparameternames see the technical manual The correct initiation of the disturbance recorder is made onstart and or release or trip from a function Also check that the wanted recordings of analog real and calculated and binary signa...

Page 78: ...type RTXP8 RTXP18 or RTXP24 The test switch and its associated test plug handle RTXH8 RTXH18 or RTXH24 are a part of the COMBITEST system which provides secure and convenient testing of the IED When using the COMBITEST preparations for testing are automatically carried out in the proper sequence that is for example blocking of tripping circuits short circuiting of CTs opening of voltage circuits m...

Page 79: ... input and output signals for the function under test An example of a connection is shown in figure 10 Connect the current and voltage terminals Pay attention to the current polarity Make sure that the connection of input and output current terminals and the connection of the residual current conductor is correct Check that the input and output logical signals in the logic diagram for the function...

Page 80: ...efore starting a new test mode session scroll through every function to ensure that only the function to be tested and the interconnected ones have the parameters Blocked and eventually EvDisable set to No and Yes respectively Remember that a function is also blocked if the BLOCK input signal on the corresponding function block is active which depends on the configuration Ensure that the logical s...

Page 81: ...d according to the actual hardware and the application configuration 1 Inject a symmetrical three phase voltage and current at rated value 2 Compare the injected value with the measured values The voltage and current phasor menu in the local HMI is located under Main menu Measurements Analog primary values and Main menu Measurements Analog secondary values 3 Compare the frequency reading with the ...

Page 82: ...ality Each protection function must be tested individually by secondary injection Verify operating levels trip and timers Verify alarm and blocking signals Use the disturbance handling tool in PCM600 to evaluate that the protection function has received the correct data and responded correctly signaling and timing Use the event viewer tool in PCM600 to check that only expected events have occurred...

Page 83: ...put in the IED logic configuration Be observant that forcing of binary inputs and outputs on an IED with inappropriate setup can result in potential danger 9 8 2 How to enable forcing To enable forcing the IED must first be put into IED test mode While the IED is not in test mode the LHMI PCM600 menus that relate to forcing will not have any effect on the input output status due to safety reasons ...

Page 84: ...als freely 9 8 3 1 Forcing by using LHMI Editing a signal value directly Edit the input output value directly to select the desired logical level by doing following 1 Select the value line of the desired signal see figure 12 2 Press the Enter key to edit the value IEC15000021 V1 EN Figure 12 Value line of the desired signal 3 Use the up down arrows on the LHMI to change the signal value or the app...

Page 85: ...is possible to power cycle the IED in this state without losing the forcing states and values This means that once a signal is forced and the IED remains in IED test mode the input or output will appear frozen at the value selected by the user even if the IED is switched off and back on again Freezing a signal value without changing it Set the status of a signal to Forced in the forcing menu that ...

Page 86: ...ame time and has no effect on the IED Once the user is satisfied with the forcing setup then all the changes can be effectuated simultaneously towards the IED potentially changing inputs and outputs on multiple I O boards at the same time It is also possible to abort this operation described in step 6 below and to undo all forcing 1 Right click on the IED in the plant structure and select Signal M...

Page 87: ...e IED and exits the editing session 7 Click Cancel to abort the changes and revert back to actual IED values IEC15000032 V1 EN Regardless if the forcing changes are commited or canceled the forcing is still active To force more signals click the button Start editing signal value for forcing again 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 81 Commissi...

Page 88: ...estMode component If the IED test mode was entered through the test mode function block 1 Deactivate the control input on that block This immediately undoes all forcing regardless of how it was accomplished and disabled all the way to force signals 9 8 4 2 Undo forcing by using LHMI If the IED test mode was enabled to using the LHMI 1 Set IEDTestMode to Off in the LHMI menu 2 Exit from the menu an...

Page 89: ...e effect again This may change both binary input values and output relay states and will undo any forcing done by using the LHMI If the IED is left in test mode then it is still possible to perform new forcing operations both from LHMI and from PCM600 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 9 Testing IED operation Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 83 Commissioning manual ...

Page 90: ...84 ...

Page 91: ...he disturbance report can be made active or inactive If the disturbance recorder is turned on during test mode recordings will be made When test mode is switched off all recordings made during the test session are cleared Setting OpModeTest for the control of the disturbance recorder during test mode are located on the local HMI under Main menu Settings IED Settings Monitoring Disturbance report D...

Page 92: ...e useful to have a printer for hard copies The correct start criteria and behavior of the disturbance recording function can be checked when IED protective functions are tested When the IED is brought into normal service it is recommended to delete all recordings made during commissioning to avoid confusion in future fault analysis All recordings in the IED can be deleted in two ways 1 in the loca...

Page 93: ...cross the measuring branch The required trip and alarm voltage as well as the used stabilizing resistance value must be set in the function Note as well that used CT input in the IED must have ratio set as 1 1 This is essential for the measurement of the expected value Normally a slightly higher operating value is no problem as the sensitivity is not influenced much 2 Increase the voltage and make...

Page 94: ...ing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 3 2 Additional security logic for differential protection LDRGFC 10 3 2 1 Verifying the settings Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section 1 Overview and section 2 Preparing for test in this chapter Current variation local criteria Procedure ...

Page 95: ...hases L2 L3 and L3 L1 Zero sequence overcurrent criteria Procedure 1 Connect the test set for three phase voltage injection L1 L2 L3 or residual voltage injection N to the appropriate IED terminals This is dependent on how the IED is fed from the CT 2 Increase the injected zero sequence current and note the operate value start value of the studied step of the function 3 Decrease the current slowly...

Page 96: ...ur times its rated value if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs under constant voltage conditions The test procedure has to take into consideration that the shaped load encroachment characteristic is active It is therefore necessary to check the setting To verify the settings with the shaped load encroachment characteristic the test should be carried out according to figures 14 a...

Page 97: ...000368 3 en b ArgLD IEC05000368 V3 EN Figure 14 Distance protection characteristic with test points for phase to phase measurements Table 17 Test points for phase to phase loops L1 L2 Ohm Loop Test point Reach Set value Comments 1 X X1set R 0 2 X X1set R R1set 3 X 0 8 x X1set R 0 8 x R1set RFPP 2 4 X 0 5 x X1set R 0 5 x R1set RFPP 2 5 X 0 85 x RFPP x tan ArgRLd ArgLd angle for the maximal load tra...

Page 98: ... used when RLdFw 0 5 x RFPP R 0 5 x RFPP Table 17 is used in conjunction with figure 14 X1 XN X R Ohm loop 50 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 80 of RLdFw 40 of RLdFw RFPE 12 13 c b ArgLD alt 80 of RFPE Load encroachment 120 20 a IEC05000369 3 en vsd IEC05000369 V3 EN Figure 15 Distance protection characteristic with test points for phase to earth measurements Table 18 is used in conjunction with figure...

Page 99: ...0set 3 x tan AgNegDir 30 11 X 0 27 x 2 x X1set X0set Exact 0 8 x 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 57 x 2 x X1set X0set Exact 0 8 x 2X1set X0set 3 x tan AgNegDir 30 12 X 0 5 x 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 5 x 2 x R1set R0set 3 13 X 0 Only used when RLdFw RFPE R RFPE 10 4 1 1 Measuring the operating limit of set values Procedure 1 Subject the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds 2 Apply the ...

Page 100: ...e the result of the measurement with the setting t1PP 3 Repeat steps 1 to 2 to find the operating time for the phase to earth fault according to test point 12 in figure 15 and table 18 Compare the result of the measurement with the setting t1PE 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to find the operating time for all other used measuring zones Observe that the zones that are not tested have to be blocked and the z...

Page 101: ...ables 19 and 20 for information ArgDir R X RFFwPE 1 3 1 XN X 5 2 4 ArgNegRes 85 ArgLd 50 of RLdFw 6 IEC09000734 3 en vsd loop W loop W 7 60 IEC09000734 V3 EN Figure 16 Operating characteristic for phase selection function forward direction single phase faults Table 19 Test points for phase to earth loop L3 E Ohm loop Test point Reach Value Comments 1 X X1 XN XN X0 X1 3 R 0 2 X 0 R RLdFw When RLdFW...

Page 102: ...e selection function forward direction phase to phase faults Table 20 Test points for phase to phase loops L1 L2 Ohm phase Test point Reach Value Comments 1 X X1 R 0 2 X 0 R RLdFw When RLdFw 0 5 RFFwPP R 0 5 RFFwPP When RLdFw 0 5 RFFwPP 3 X 0 85 X1 R 0 491 X1 0 5 RFFwPP R 0 85 X1 1 tan 60 0 5 RFFwPP 4 X 0 85 X1 Can be limited by RFFwPP R 0 85 X1 tan AngNegRes 90 Table continues on next page Sectio...

Page 103: ...o 2 to find the operate values for the remaining test points according to figure 16 and table 19 When the load encroachment characteristic is deliberately set very high in order not to have an influence then the test points 2 and 5 can be replaced by test point 7 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to find the operate value for the phase to phase fault in L1 L2 according to figure 17 and table 20 10 4 2 2 Compl...

Page 104: ...cteristic at least two points should be tested In the following three test points are proposed The mho characteristic always goes through the origin which automatically gives a fourth point for the characteristic 10 4 3 1 Phase to phase faults ZAngPP ZPP 1 2 3 Ohm phase R X IEC07000009 4 en vsd 50 IEC07000009 V4 EN Figure 18 Proposed test points for phase to phase fault Table 21 Test points for ph...

Page 105: ...en vsd IEC07000010 V4 EN Figure 19 Proposed test points for phase to earth faults Table 22 Test points for phase to earth loops L1 L2 Ohm Loop Test points Reach Value Comments 1 X ZPE sin ZAngPE R ZPE cos ZAngPE 2 X 0 5 ZPE sin ZAngPE R 0 5 ZPE ΔR 0 5 ZPE 1 cos ZAngPE 3 X 0 5 ZPE sin ZangPE R 0 5 ZPE ΔR 0 5 ZPE 1 cos ZAngPE Check also in the same way as for phase to earth fault for each test point...

Page 106: ...t voltage conditions The test procedure has to take into consideration that the shaped load encroachment characteristic is active It is therefore necessary to check the setting To verify the settings with the shaped load encroachment characteristic the test should be carried out according to figures 20 and 21 and tables 23 and 24 In cases where the load encroachment characteristic is activated tes...

Page 107: ...n characteristic with test points for phase to phase measurements Table 23 is used in conjunction with figure 20 X1 XN X R Ohm loop 50 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 80 of RLdFw 40 of RLdFw RFPE 12 13 c b ArgLD alt 80 of RFPE Load encroachment 120 20 a IEC05000369 3 en vsd IEC05000369 V3 EN Figure 21 Distance protection characteristic with test points for phase to earth measurements 1MRK 506 355 UEN A...

Page 108: ... 4 x RLdFw x tan ArgDir R 0 4 x RLdFw 10 X 0 5 x X1set Exact 0 5 x R1set x tan ArgNegRes 90 R 0 23 x X1set 11 X 0 8 x X1set Exact 0 5 x R1set x tan ArgNegRes 90 R 0 37 x X1 set 12 X 0 5 x X1set R 0 5 x R1set 13 X 0 Only used when OperationLdCmp setting is 0 Off R 0 5 x RFPP Table 24 Test points for phase to earth L3 E Ohm Loop Test point Reach Value Comments 1 X 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 2 X 2 x X1set...

Page 109: ...the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds 2 Apply the fault condition and slowly decrease the measured impedance to find the operating value of the phase to phase fault for zone 1 according to test point 1 in figure 20 and table 23 Compare the result of the measurement with the set value 3 Repeat steps 1 to 2 to find the operating value for test points 2 3 in table23 Obser...

Page 110: ...be blocked and the zone that is tested has to be released 10 4 6 Phase selection quadrilateral characteristic with settable angle FRPSPDIS Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section Preparing for test in this chapter The phase selectors operate on the same measuring principles as the impedance measuring zones So it is necessary to follow the same principles as for distance...

Page 111: ... direction single phase faults X1 R X 85 1 3 5 2 6 4 50 RLdFw ArgNegRes 0 5 RFFwPP ArgLd IEC09000735 3 en vsd ArgDir 60 phase W phase W 7 IEC09000735 V3 EN Figure 23 Operating characteristic for phase selection function forward direction phase to phase faults 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 105 Commissioning manual ...

Page 112: ...figure 22 Table 26 Test points for phase to phase loops L1 L2 Test point Value Comments 1 X X1 R 0 2 X 0 R RLdFw 3 X 0 85 X1 R 0 491 X1 0 5 RFFwPP R 0 85 X1 1 tan 60 0 5 RFFwPP 4 X 0 85 X1 R 0 85 X1 tan AngNegRes 90 5 X 0 5 RFFwPP tan ArgLd R 0 5 RFFwPP 6 X 0 5 RLdFw tan ArgDir R 0 5 RLdFw The table showing test points for phase to phase loops is used together with figure 23 10 4 6 1 Measuring the...

Page 113: ...onnections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 4 7 High speed distance protection zones quadrilateral and mho characteristic ZMFPDIS Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Requirements and section Preparing for test in this chapter Measure operating characteristics during constant current conditions Keep the measured current ...

Page 114: ...except 13 are valid for this case When the load current compensation is inactive the dotted lines and test point 13 are valid Test points 5 6 and 7 are not valid for this measurement X1 X R Ohm phase 50 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 80 of RLdFw 40 of RLdFw 0 5 x RFPP 12 13 120 20 a c IEC05000368 3 en b ArgLD IEC05000368 V3 EN Figure 24 Distance protection characteristic with test points for phase to ...

Page 115: ...ct 0 8 x RFPP 2 ArgDir 20 R 0 8 x RFPP 2 9 X 0 4 x RLdFw x tan ArgDir 20 R 0 4 x RLdFw 10 X 0 5 x X1set Exact 0 5 x R1set x tan ArgNegRes 30 R 0 23 x X1set 11 X 0 8 x X1set Exact 0 5 x R1set x tan ArgNegRes 30 R 0 37 x X1 set 12 X 0 5 x X1set R 0 5 x R1set 13 X 0 R 0 5 x RFPP Table 27 is used in conjunction with figure 24 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection L...

Page 116: ...lue Comments 1 X 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 2 X 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 2 x R1set R0set 3 3 X 0 8 x 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 8 x 2 x R1set R0set 3 RFPEset 4 X 0 5 x 2 x X1set R0set 3 R 0 5 x 2 x R1set R0set 3 RFPEset 5 X 0 85 x RFPEset x tan ArgLdset ArgLd angle for the maximal load transfer R 0 85 x RFPE 6 X RLdFwset x tan ArgLdSet R RLdFwset 7 X 0 R RLdFwset 8 X 02143 x RLdFwset Exact 0 8 x RFPE x tan ArgDi...

Page 117: ...ement with the set value 3 Repeat steps 1 to 2 to find the operating value for test points 2 3 in table 27 Observe that the zones that are not tested have to be blocked and the zone that is tested has to be released 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to find the operating value for the phase to earth fault L3 E according to figure 25 and table 28 Test points 8 9 10 and 11 are intended to test the directional l...

Page 118: ...ring the IED to verify settings Measure operating characteristics during constant current conditions Keep the measured current as close as possible to its rated value or lower But make sure it is higher than the set minimum operating current Ensure that the maximum continuous current to the IED does not exceed four times its rated value if the measurement of the operating characteristics runs unde...

Page 119: ...0 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 80 of RLdFw 40 of RLdFw 0 5 x RFPP 12 13 120 20 a c IEC05000368 3 en b ArgLD IEC05000368 V3 EN Figure 26 Distance protection characteristic with test points for phase to phase measurements Table 29 Test points for phase to phase loops L1 L2 Ohm Loop Test point Reach Set value Comments 1 X X1set R 0 2 X X1set R R1set 3 X 0 8 x X1set R 0 8 x R1set RFPP 2 4 X 0 5 x X1set ...

Page 120: ...0 5 x X1set R 0 5 x R1set 13 X 0 R 0 5 x RFPP Table 29 is used in conjunction with figure 26 X1 XN X R Ohm loop 50 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 80 of RLdFw 40 of RLdFw RFPE 12 13 c b ArgLD alt 80 of RFPE Load encroachment 120 20 a IEC05000369 3 en vsd IEC05000369 V3 EN Figure 27 Distance protection characteristic with test points for phase to earth measurements Table 30 is used in conjunction with f...

Page 121: ...5 x 2X1set X0set 3 x tan AgNegDir 30 11 X 0 27 x 2 x X1set X0set Exact 0 8 x 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 57 x 2 x X1set X0set Exact 0 8 x 2X1set X0set 3 x tan AgNegDir 30 12 X 0 5 x 2 x X1set X0set 3 R 0 5 x 2 x R1set R0set 3 13 X 0 R RFPE 10 4 8 1 Measuring the operating limit of set values Procedure 1 Subject the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds 2 Apply the fault conditio...

Page 122: ...ment with the setting t1PP 3 Repeat steps 1 to 2 to find the operating time for the phase to earth fault according to test point 10 in figure 27 and table 30 Compare the result of the measurement with the setting t1PE 4 Repeat steps 1 to 2 to find the operating time for all other used measuring zones Observe that the zones that are not tested have to be blocked and the zone that is tested has to b...

Page 123: ...operation of ZMRPSB The proposed test points for validation of the settings are numbered according to figure 28 Test of the interactions or combinations that are not configured are not considered in this instruction X1OutRv ZL j j R X X1OutFw X1InFw 1 RLdOutFw RLdInFw RLdOutRv RLdInRv 2 3 4 X1InRv IEC09000226_1_en vsd IEC09000226 V1 EN Figure 28 Operating principle and characteristic of the power ...

Page 124: ...ing the power swing detection function ZMRPSB Preconditions The following output signals shall be configured to binary outputs ZOUT measured impedance within outer impedance boundary ZIN measured impedance within inner impedance boundary and START power swing detection 1 Slowly decrease the measured impedance in all three phases until the START signal gets activated 2 Increase the measured voltage...

Page 125: ...sequence by continuously reducing the voltage and observe that the output signal ZOUT may come but not START If the input I0CHECK is configured connected to output signal STPE on FDPSPDIS or FRPSPDIS the test of inhibit of ZMRPSB at earth fault during power swing can be done in the same way as for test of tR1 The inhibit of ZMRPSB shall be instantaneous if the input TRSP is activated at the same t...

Page 126: ...ely 30ms 4 Simulate the receiving of the carrier signal so that the functional input signal CR becomes a logical one 5 Configure the STPSD input to connect to the output START of the carrier accelerating zone Power swing overreaching zone 6 Initiate any kind of fault within the carrier accelerating zone and check that the TRIP signal appears after the time which is equal to the time delay set on t...

Page 127: ...te area with a time delay longer than the time set on the tDZ timer and faster than the time set on timer tZL 5 Observe the operate time which must be equal to the operate time of zone 1 after the measured impedance enters its operate area No delayed operation of zone 1 must be observed 6 Configure the STPSD functional input to connect to the START functional output and repeat the previous fault F...

Page 128: ...gle is changed to a value ZC 2 This is done with a speed so that the final impedance is reached after 1 second As the injected voltage is lower than 0 92 UBase the START signal should be activated 4 With reduced amplitude of the injected voltage to 0 8 UBase the current amplitude and angle is changed via ZC 2 to a value corresponding to half IBase and 180 between the injected current and voltage T...

Page 129: ...ent Zone 2 Zone 1 WarnAngle TripAngle f ZC IEC07000099_2_en vsd IEC07000099 V2 EN Figure 29 Setting of the pole slip protection PSPPPAM 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 10 Testing functionality by secondary injection Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC 123 Commissioning manual ...

Page 130: ...pose of the OOSPPAM function is to detect evaluate and take the required action during pole slipping occurrences in the power system The OOSPPAM function detects pole slip conditions and trips the generator as fast as possible after the first pole slip if the center of oscillation is found to be in zone 1 which normally includes the generator and its step up power transformer If the center of osci...

Page 131: ...to be detected and confirmed The test may be performed by taking into account the following key points that are shown in Figure 31 the point RE RE Receiving End the intersection between the line segment SE RE and the X line which is defined through the setting ReachZ1 the point SE SE Sending End I I 50 Hz I 49 5 Hz IEC10000141 V2 EN Figure 31 Trajectory of the impedance Z R X for the injected curr...

Page 132: ...ce is X ReachZ ForwardX ZBase RZ1 1 100 100 12 100 59 33 100 0 9522 0 0 068Ω EQUATION14044 V1 EN Equation 4 The calculation of the test voltage that is related to ReachZ1 is based on the impedance ZRZ1 that has imaginary part XRZ1 and real part RRZ1 RRZ achZ ForwardR ZBase 1 1 100 100 12 100 8 19 100 0 9522 0 0 Re 0 09Ω EQUATION14045 V1 EN Equation 5 The magnitude of the impedance ZRZ1 is 2 2 2 2 ...

Page 133: ...ctively 9000 1 A and 13 8 0 1 kV in the example The magnitude of the secondary voltages that are related to the points RE and SE of the R X plane needs to be checked RE RFwdR XFwdX V V V V V t FwdZs t FwdZ VT s VT p 11931 0 1 13 8 86 45 EQUATION14054 V1 EN Equation 14 SE RRvsR XRvsX V V V V V t RvsZs t RvsZ VT s VT p 5899 0 1 13 8 42 75 EQUATION14055 V1 EN Equation 15 The tests which are described...

Page 134: ...current where the current is the summation of two currents that have the same magnitude but different frequencies I I A tf t I 50 2 20918 2 10459 GUID F02E8D18 FF87 45BE 8142 E8FA19F6966B V1 EN Equation 16 The first current I50 has frequency 50 Hz magnitude 10459 A that is 1 162 A secondary and phase angle 0º The second current Itf has magnitude 10459 A that is 1 162 A secondary phase angle 180º a...

Page 135: ...IED terminals 3 Connect in parallel two groups of three phase currents of the test set to the appropriate IED terminals 4 Connect the appropriate trip output of the IED to the input channel of the test set that monitors the trip 5 Go to Main menu Settings IED Settings Impedance protection OutOfStep 78 Ucos OOSPPAM 78 Ucos 1 and make sure that the function is enabled that is Operation is set to On ...

Page 136: ...RIP is issued Execution of the dynamic test The test may be performed by using two states of a sequence tool that is a basic feature of test sets State 1 pre test condition Steady voltage and current are applied in order to get a steady high impedance ThisisapointintheplaneR Xthatisfarawayfromthelenscharacteristic Define the following three phase symmetrical quantities the phase angle is related t...

Page 137: ... does not issue either start or trip The trajectory of the impedance traverses the lens characteristic in zone 2 Preliminary steady state test at 50 Hz Go to Main menu Test Function status Impedance protection OutOfStep 78 Ucos OOSPPAM 78 Ucos 1 Outputs to check the available service values of the function block OOSPPAM Apply the following three phase symmetrical quantities the phase angle is rela...

Page 138: ...RIP is performed Execution of the dynamic test The test may be performed by using two states of a sequence tool that is a basic feature of test sets State 1 pre test condition Steady voltage and current are applied in order to get a steady high impedance that is a point in the plane R X which is far away from the lens characteristic Define the following three phase symmetrical quantities the phase...

Page 139: ...are fulfilled 10 4 12 3 Test of the boundary between zone 1 and zone 2 which is defined by the parameter ReachZ1 The trajectory of the impedance traverses the lens characteristic in zone 2 Preliminary steady state test at 50 Hz Go to Main menu Test Function status Impedance protection OutOfStep 78 Ucos OOSPPAM 78 Ucos 1 Outputs to check the available service values of the function block OOSPPAM Ap...

Page 140: ...1 and zone 2 The START is issued but no TRIP is performed Execution of the dynamic test The test may be performed by using two states of a sequence tool that is a basic feature of test sets State 1 pre test condition Steady voltage and current are applied in order to get a steady high impedance that is a point in the plane R X that is far away from the lens characteristic Define the following thre...

Page 141: ... the protection function and trip in zone 2 when trip conditions are fulfilled The trajectory of the impedance traverses the lens characteristic in zone 1 Preliminary steady state test at 50 Hz Go to Main menu Test Function status Impedance protection OutOfStep 78 Ucos OOSPPAM 78 Ucos 1 Outputs to check the available service values of the function block OOSPPAM Apply the following three phase symm...

Page 142: ...nd zone 2 The START is issued but no TRIP is performed Execution of the dynamic test The test may be performed by using two states of a sequence tool that is a basic feature of test sets State 1 pre test condition Steady voltage and current are applied in order to get a steady high impedance that is a point in the plane R X which is far away from the lens characteristic Define the following three ...

Page 143: ...ected result start of the protection function and trip in zone 1 when trip conditions are fulfilled 10 4 12 4 Test of the point SE RRvsR XRvsX The trajectory of the impedance traverses the lens characteristic in zone 1 Preliminary steady state test at 50 Hz Go to Main menu Test Function status Impedance protection OutOfStep 78 Ucos OOSPPAM 78 Ucos 1 Outputs to check the available service values of...

Page 144: ... characteristic in zone 1 that is close to the point SE The START is issued but no TRIP is performed Execution of the dynamic test The test may be performed by using two states of a sequence tool that is a basic feature of test sets State 1 pre test condition Steady voltage and current are applied in order to get a steady high impedance that is a point in the plane R X which is far away from the l...

Page 145: ... EN Equation 66 Itfs 180º frequency of Itfs 50 5 Hz Expected result start of the protection function and trip in zone 1 when trip conditions are fulfilled The trajectory of the impedance does not enter the lens characteristic Preliminary steady state test at 50 Hz Go to Main menu Test Function status Impedance protection OutOfStep 78 Ucos OOSPPAM 78 Ucos 1 Outputs to check the available service va...

Page 146: ...he lens characteristic even if it is close to the point SE Neither START nor TRIP is issued Execution of the dynamic test The test may be performed by using two states of a sequence tool that is a basic feature of test sets State 1 pre test condition Steady voltage and current are applied in order to get a steady high impedance that is a point in the plane R X which is far away from the lens chara...

Page 147: ...uation 74 frequency of Vts 50 Hz I I I I A s CTs CTp 50 50 10459 1 9000 1 162 EQUATION14059 V1 EN Equation 75 I50s 0º frequency of I50s 50 Hz It I I I A fs CTs CTp tf 10459 1 9000 1 162 EQUATION14062 V1 EN Equation 76 Itfs 180º frequency of Itfs 50 5 Hz Expected result the protection function does not issue either start or trip After each test it is possible to download and study the related distu...

Page 148: ... secondary injection tests together with the Scheme communication logic for distance or overcurrent protection function and with the dead line detection function DLD which is embedded in ZCVPSOF ZCVPSOF is activated either by the external input BC or by the internal DLD FUFSPVC is done with a pre fault condition where the phase voltages and currents are at zero A reverse three phase fault with zer...

Page 149: ...t greater than 30 of IBase The ZACC input is activated 5 Check that the correct TRIP output external signals and indication are obtained 10 4 13 3 Initiating ZCVPSOF automatically and setting mode to UILevel 1 Deactivate the switch onto fault BC input 2 Set the current and voltage inputs to lower than IPh and UPh for at least one second 3 Set AutoInitMode to Voltage and Mode to UILevel 4 Apply the...

Page 150: ... earth faults with one phase current are tested The result shall be according to table 31 It should be checked that the fault will give phase to phase voltage phase to earth voltage zero sequence voltage and phase current so that the conditions set for the logic are fulfilled Table 31 Operation at different combinations of faults and operation mode OperMode Fault type Faulted phase current to the ...

Page 151: ...n the Ln phase until the TRL n 1 3 signal appears 4 Switch the fault current off Observe Do not exceed the maximum permitted overloading of the current circuits in the IED 5 Compare the measured operating current with the set value 6 Set the operation mode to 2 out of 3 and inject current into one of the phases Check no operation 10 5 1 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or en...

Page 152: ...of about 80 if forward directional function is selected If 1 out of 3 currents for operation is chosen The voltage angle of phase L1 is the reference If 2 out of 3 currents for operation is chosen The voltage angle of phase L1 the voltage angle of L2 is the reference If 3 out of 3 currents for operation is chosen The voltage angle of phase L1 is the reference If reverse directional function is sel...

Page 153: ...d in section Preparing the IED to verify settings To verify the settings the following fault type should be tested Phase to earth fault Ensure that the maximum continuous current supplied from the current source used for the test of the IED does not exceed four times the rated current value of the IED 10 5 3 1 Measuring the operate limit of set values 1 Inject a phase current into the IED with an ...

Page 154: ...nt in phase L1 repeat the test injecting current into terminals L2 and L3 with a polarizing voltage connected to terminals L2 respectively L3 6 Block lower set steps when testing higher set steps according to the instructions that follow 7 Connect a trip output contact to a timer 8 Set the injected current to 200 of the operate level of the tested step switch on the current and check the time dela...

Page 155: ... I2 magnitude is measured by the function 3 Set the injected negative sequence polarizing voltage slightly larger than the set minimum polarizing voltage default 5 of Ub and set the injection current to lag the voltage by an angle equal to the set reference characteristic angle 180 AngleRCA if the forward directional function is selected If reverse directional function is selected set the injectio...

Page 156: ...protection SDEPSDE Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings IEC09000021 2 en vsd IED test set NI IED NI L1U L2U L3U NU U1 U2 U3 NU TRIP IEC09000021 V2 EN Figure 33 Principle connection of the test set Values of the logical signals belonging to the sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection are available on the local ...

Page 157: ...t the new injected 3I0 cos φ is equal to the setting INcosPhi Take the set characteristic into consideration see Figure 34 and Figure 35 5 Measure the operate time of the timer by injecting a current two times the set INcosPhi value and the polarizing voltage 1 2 UNRel 0 0 cos 3 3 test test kSN Sref Tinv I U j IECEQUATION2402 V2 EN Equation 77 6 Compare the result with the expected value The expec...

Page 158: ... RCADir 0 3I j 0 3 j I cos 0 3 ref U U IEC06000650 V2 EN Figure 34 Characteristic with ROADir restriction Section 10 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 152 Line distance protection REL670 2 1 IEC Commissioning manual ...

Page 159: ... set directional element Note that for operation both the injected current and voltage must be greater than the set values INRel and UNRel respectively The function activates the START and STDIRIN outputs 3 Assume that φ is the phase angle between injected voltage 3U0 and current 3I0 i e φ RCADir φ Change φ to for example 45 degrees Increase the injected current until the function operates 4 Compa...

Page 160: ... the INDir setting for the set directional element Note that for operation both the injected current and voltage must be greater than the set values INRel and UNRel respectively The function activates the START and STDIRIN output 3 Measure with angles j around RCADir ROADir 4 Compare the result with the set values refer to figure 36 for example characteristic 5 Measure the operate time of the time...

Page 161: ...her function or complete the test by setting the test mode to Off Residual overvoltage release and protection Procedure 1 Measure that the operate voltage is equal to the UN setting The function activates the START and STUN signals 2 Measure the operate time by injecting a voltage 1 2 times set UN operate value 3 Compare the result with the set tUN operate value 4 Inject a voltage 0 8 UNRel and a ...

Page 162: ...t temperature ThermalOverload1TimeConst PTTR 26 LCPTTR x 3 Switch the fault current on and take note of the temperature available on the local HMI under Main menu Test Function status Current protection ThermOverLoad1TimeConst PTTR 26 LFPTTR x TEMP Main menu Test Function status Current protection ThermOverLoad1TimeConst PTTR 26 LCPTTR x TEMP 4 Check the time until the actual temperature TEMP has ...

Page 163: ... used To verify the settings in the most common back up trip mode 1 out of 3 it is sufficient to test phase to earth faults At mode 2 out of 4 the phase current setting IP can be checked by single phase injection where the return current is connected to the summated current input The value of residual earth fault current IN set lower than IP is easiest checked in back up trip mode 1 out of 4 10 5 ...

Page 164: ... CCRBRF well above the set current value Measure the time from START of CCRBRF 2 Check the re trip t1 and back up trip times t2 and t3 Inapplicable cases theback uptripformulti phasestartt2MPh andback uptrip 2 t2 and t3 can also be checked To check t2MPh a two phase or three phase start shall be applied 10 5 8 4 Verifying the re trip mode Choose the mode below which corresponds to the actual case ...

Page 165: ...g Use the actual tripping modes The case below applies to re trip with current check 1 Apply the fault condition including start of CCRBRF with phase current well above set value IP 2 Interrupt the current with a margin before back up trip time t2 It may be made at issue of re trip command 3 Check that re trip is achieved if selected but no back up trip is obtained The normal mode BuTripMode 1 out...

Page 166: ...o input CBFLT 1 Repeat the check of back up trip time Disconnect current and START input signals 2 Activate the input CBFLT The output CBALARM CB faulty alarm should appear after set time tCBAlarm Keep the input activated 3 Apply the fault condition including start of CCRBRF with current above set current value 4 Verify that back up trip is obtained without intentional delay for example within 20m...

Page 167: ...s CBCLDL1 2 or 3 3 Apply the fault condition with input signal s for start of CCRBRF The value of current should be below the set value I BlkCont 4 Verify that phase selection re trip if selected and back up trip are achieved after set times Failure to trip is simulated by keeping the signal s CB closed activated 5 Disconnect the input signal and the START signal s Keep the CB closed signal s 6 Ap...

Page 168: ...e STBPTOC function block 6 Switch on the fault current 110 of the setting No TRIP signal should appear 7 Switch off the fault current 8 For a short while inject a current fault current in same phase to about 90 of the set operating current and switch the current off 9 Switch the fault current on No TRIP signal should appear 10 Switch off the fault current 11 Reset the RELEASE binary input 12 Switc...

Page 169: ... output to stop the timer 12 Deactivate the CLOSECMD Set measured current in one phase to 90 of Current Release level Activate CLOSECMD NO TRIP signal should appear 13 Repeat the previous two steps using OPENCMD instead of CLOSECMD Asymmetry current detection with CB monitoring Set all three currents to 110 of Current Release level Activate CLOSECMD NO TRIP signal should appear due to symmetrical ...

Page 170: ...f a single phase current voltage test set is available the test set should be connected to a selected input for one phase current and voltage Table 32 Calculation modes Set value Mode Formula used for complex power calculation L1 L2 L3 1 1 2 2 3 3 L L L L L L S U I U I U I EQUATION1697 V1 EN Equation 80 Arone 1 2 1 2 3 3 L L L L L L S U I U I EQUATION1698 V1 EN Equation 81 PosSeq 3 PosSeq PosSeq S...

Page 171: ...t slowly until the START1 signal start of stage 1 is activated 5 Increase the current to 100 of IBase 6 Switch the current off and measure the time for activation of TRIP1 trip of stage 1 7 If a second stage is used repeat steps 2 to 6 for the second stage 10 5 11 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and...

Page 172: ...lue Power1 power setting for stage 1 in of Sbase 5 Increase the current to 100 of IBase and switch the current off 6 Switch the current on and measure the time for activation of TRIP1 trip of stage 1 7 If a second stage is used repeat steps 2 to 6 for the second stage 10 5 12 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore con...

Page 173: ...outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings 10 5 14 1 Verifying the settings Verifying settings by secondary injection 1 Connect the test set for three phase current injection and three phase voltage injection to the appropriate IED terminals 2 Go to Main menu Settings IED Settings Current protection VoltageRestOverCurr 51V 2 I U VRPVOC 51V 2 I U 1 General and make sure that the funct...

Page 174: ...ction of the characteristic of the function VRPVOC may be performed that may be achieved by applying the following voltages First section of the characteristic If VDepMode Slope the minimum measured phase to phase voltage is lower than 0 25 UBase if VDepMode Step the minimum measured phase to phase voltage is lower than UHighLimit 100 UBase UL1 Ampl 10 3 Angle 0 UL2 Ampl 10 3 Angle 240 UL3 Ampl 10...

Page 175: ... delay for trip the signals TROC and TRIP of the protection function VRPVOC are active in trip condition 9 If inverse time delay is used for the overcurrent step the parameter setting Characterist shall be properly set we can refer for example to the setting IEC Very inv If the IEC Very inverse time characteristic is selected the trip signals TROC and TRIP will operate after a time defined by the ...

Page 176: ...se the voltage in two phases simultaneously until the STUV and START signals appear 15 Increase slowly the applied voltages of the previous two phases and note the reset value 16 Check that the trip output of the relay is connected to the input channel of the test in order to stop the injection and measure the trip time 17 Inject symmetric three phase voltages at their rated value and check that t...

Page 177: ... according to the following equations For phase to earth measurement U UBase VT VTprim 1 100 3 sec IECEQUATION2430 V1 EN Equation 94 For phase to phase measurement U UBase VT VTprim 1 100 sec IECEQUATION2431 V1 EN Equation 95 5 Increase the measured voltage to rated load conditions 6 Check that the START signal resets 7 Instantaneously decrease the voltage in one phase to a value about 20 lower th...

Page 178: ...n mode 10 6 1 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 6 2 Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings 10 6 2 1 Verifying the se...

Page 179: ...n mode 10 6 2 3 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 6 3 Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings 10 6 3 1 Verify...

Page 180: ...rotection OEXPVPH Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings 10 6 4 1 Verifying the settings 1 Enable function 2 Connect a symmetrical three phase voltage input from the test set to the appropriate connection terminals of the overexcitation protection OEXPVPH is configured for a three phase voltage input A single phase injection voltage is...

Page 181: ... plan and check another point on the inverse time curve injecting a voltage 1 3 V Hz 14 Finally check that START and TRIP information is stored in the event menu 10 6 4 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 6 5 Voltage diff...

Page 182: ...START signal resets 4 Check U1 blocking level by comparing the voltage level at reset with the set undervoltage blocking U1Low 5 Repeat steps 2 to 4 to check U1Low for the other phases The connections to U1 must be shifted to test another phase UL1 to UL2 UL2 to UL3 UL3 to UL1 Check of U2Low Procedure 1 Connect voltages to the IED according to valid connection diagram and figure 38 Section 10 1MRK...

Page 183: ...e of the U2 inputs according to figure 38 The voltage differential START signal is set 3 Decrease slowly the voltage in phase UL3 of the test set until the START signal resets 4 Check U2 blocking level by comparing the voltage level at reset with the set undervoltage blocking U2Low 10 6 5 2 Check of voltage differential trip and alarm levels Procedure 1 Connect voltages to the IED according to val...

Page 184: ... 4 Check the alarm operation level by comparing the differential voltage level at ALARM with the set alarm level UDAlarm 5 Continue to slowly decrease the voltage until START signal is activated 6 Check the differential voltage operation level by comparing the differential voltage level at START with the set trip level UDTrip 7 Repeat steps 1 to 6 to check the other phases Observe that the connect...

Page 185: ...TOV 60 VDCPTOV x The IED voltage inputs should be connected to the VTs according to valid connection diagram 2 Record the differential voltages 3 Calculate the compensation factor RFLx for each phase For information about calculation of the compensation factor see the application manual 4 Set the compensation factors on the local HMI under Main menu Settings Settings group N Voltage protection Vol...

Page 186: ...tages from the IED No TRIP signal should appear 10 Reset the VTSU binary input 11 Inject the measured voltages at rated values for at least set tRestore time 12 Activate the BLOCK binary input 13 Simultaneously disconnect all the three phase voltages from the IED No TRIP signal should appear 14 Reset the BLOCK binary input 10 6 6 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the t...

Page 187: ...FAIL to FALSE Also assume circuit breaker is in closed position that is input CBCLD is high prior to fault occurrence Create a single phase fault on phase L1 such that phase L1 voltage is lower than UPhSel times quadrature phase to phase voltage and setTau to default value and also inject the residual current such that it exceeds set IN value Check that output TRIN is activated after a set delay o...

Page 188: ...d in section Preparing the IED to verify settings 10 7 1 1 Verifying the settings Verification of START value and time delay to operate 1 Check that the IED settings are appropriate for example the START value and the time delay 2 Supply the IED with three phase voltages at their rated values 3 Slowly decrease the frequency of the applied voltage until the START signal appears 4 Note the operate v...

Page 189: ...appear 10 7 1 2 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 7 2 Overfrequency protection SAPTOF Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings 10 7 2 1 Verifying the settings V...

Page 190: ...e applied voltage until the BLKDMAGN signal appears 4 Note the voltage magnitude value and compare it with the set value UMin 5 Slowly increase the frequency of the applied voltage to a value above StartFrequency 6 Check that the START signal does not appear 7 Wait for a time corresponding to tDelay make sure that the TRIP signal does not appear 10 7 2 2 Completing the test Continue to test anothe...

Page 191: ...he test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 8 Multipurpose protection 10 8 1 General current and voltage protection CVGAPC Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section Requirements and section Preparing for test in this ...

Page 192: ...et stage according to below 6 Connect a TRIP output contact to the timer 7 Set the current to 200 of the operate value of low set stage switch on the current and check the time delay For inverse time curves check the operate time at a current equal to 110 of the operate current at tMin 8 Check that TRIP and START contacts operate according to the configuration logic 9 Release the blocking of the h...

Page 193: ...ent and polarizing voltage setting parameter DirPrinc_OC1 or DirPrinc_OC2 set to or in a way that the operate value also is dependent on the angle between current and polarizing voltage according to the I cos F law setting parameter DirPrinc_OC1 or DirPrinc_OC2 set to I cos F This has to be known if a more detailed measurement of the directional characteristic is made than the one described below ...

Page 194: ...ndingly for the undervoltage feature 10 8 1 6 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 9 Secondary system supervision 10 9 1 Current circuit supervision CCSSPVC Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Pr...

Page 195: ...at binary inputs and outputs operate as expected according to actual configuration In the second part the relevant set operate values are measured 10 9 2 1 Checking that the binary inputs and outputs operate as expected 1 Simulate normal operating conditions with the three phase currents in phase with their corresponding phase voltages and with all of them equal to their rated values 2 Connect the...

Page 196: ...ase voltages and with all of them equal to their rated values 2 Slowly decrease the measured voltage in one phase until the BLKU signal appears 3 Record the measured voltage and calculate the corresponding negative sequence voltage according to the equation observe that the voltages in the equation are phasors 3 2 1 2 U U U U L L2 L3 a a EQUATION707 V2 EN Equation 100 Where UL1 UL2 and UL3 IEC0000...

Page 197: ... the BLKU signal appears 3 Record the measured voltage and calculate the corresponding zero sequence voltage according to the equation observe that the voltages in the equation are phasors 3 U0 UL1 UL2 UL3 IEC00000276 V1 EN Equation 106 Where UL1 UL2 and UL3 IEC00000275 V1 EN are the measured phase voltages 4 Compare the result with the set value of the zero sequence operating voltage consider tha...

Page 198: ...n if included in the IED 1 Simulate normal operating conditions with the three phase currents in phase with their corresponding phase voltages and with all of them equal to their rated values 2 Change the voltages and currents in all three phases simultaneously The voltage change must be higher than the set value DU and the current change must be lower than the set value DI The BLKU and BLKZ signa...

Page 199: ...e main fuse group or the pilot fuse group Observe the binary outputs of the IED The MAINFUF or the PILOTFUF signals are simultaneously activated Only the output circuit related to the open phase will be active i e either MAINFUF or PILOTFUF 3 Establish a normal voltage operating condition and observe the corresponding output signals MAINFUF or PILOTFUF should change to 0 in about 27 ms 4 Set norma...

Page 200: ...synchronizing function SESRSYN for single double and 1 breaker arrangements Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings At commissioning and periodical checks the functions shall be tested with the used settings To test a specific function it might be necessary to change some setting parameters for example AutoEnerg Off DLLB DBLL Both ManEn...

Page 201: ...ersion intended for one bay Figure 41 shows the general test connection for a 1 breaker diameter with one phase voltage connected to the line side Test equipment UMeasure Ph N Ph Ph IEC05000480 4 en vsd U Bus U Line N IED U3PBB1 N UL1 UL2 UL3 N Input Phase L1 L2 L3 L12 L23 L31 UMeasure Ph N Ph Ph Input Phase L1 L2 L3 L12 L23 L31 U3PLN1 IEC05000480 V4 EN Figure 40 General test connection with three...

Page 202: ...L2 or UL3 line 1 voltage inputs on the IED UP3BB1 Bus1 voltage input on the IED Testing the frequency difference The frequency difference test should verify that operation is achieved when the frequency difference between bus and line is less than set value of FreqDiffMaxand above set value of FreqDiffMin The test procedure below will depend on the settings used Input STARTSYN must be activated du...

Page 203: ...voltage difference Set the voltage difference to 0 15 p u on the local HMI and the test should check that operation is achieved when the voltage difference UDiffSC is lower than 0 15 p u The settings used in the test shall be final settings The test shall be adapted to site setting values instead of values in the example below Test with no voltage difference between the inputs Test with a voltage ...

Page 204: ...e activated for a phase difference lower than the set value It should not operate for other values See figure 42 dj dj U Bus U Line operation U Bus No operation en05000551 vsd IEC05000551 V1 EN Figure 42 Test of phase difference 3 Change the phase angle between dφ and dφ and verify that the two outputs are activated for phase differences between these values but not for phase differences outside s...

Page 205: ... U Line2 without changing the setting on the local HMI Check that the two outputs are not activated 10 10 1 3 Testing the energizing check During the test of the energizing check function for a single bay arrangement these voltage inputs are used U Line UL1 UL2 or UL3 line1 voltage inputs on the IED U Bus Bus voltage input on the IED General When testing the energizing check function for the appli...

Page 206: ...e test can be repeated with different values on the U Bus and the U Line Testing both directions DLLB or DBLL 1 Verify the local HMI settings AutoEnerg or ManEnerg to be Both 2 Apply a single phase voltage of 30 GblBaseSelLine to the U Line and a single phase voltage of 100 GblBaseSelBus to the U Bus 3 Check that the AUTOENOK and MANENOK outputs are activated after set tAutoEnerg respectively tMan...

Page 207: ...reaker arrangement Apply a single phase voltage of 100 GblBaseSelLine to the U Line and a single phase voltage of 100 GblBaseSelBus to the U Bus Verify that correct output signals are generated 1 Connect the analog signals to the voltage inputs in pair of two for U1 and U2 Inputs U3PBB1 U3PBB2 U3PLN1 U3PLN2 2 Activate the binary signals according to the used alternative Verify the measuring voltag...

Page 208: ...n WA1_QA1 1 bus CB WA1 LINE1 LINE1_Q B9 B1SEL LN1SEL WA1 LINE2 TIE_QA1 LINE2_Q B9 B1SEL LN2SEL WA1 WA2 TIE_QA1 WA2_QA 1 B1SEL B2SEL SESRSYN 2 Operates on TIE_QA1 Tie CB LINE1 LINE2 LINE1_Q B9 LINE2_Q B9 LN1SEL LN2SEL WA1 LINE2 WA1_QA 1 LINE2_Q B9 B1SEL LN2SEL WA2 LINE1 WA2_QA 1 LINE1_Q B9 B2SEL LN1SEL WA1 WA2 WA1_QA 1 WA2_QA 1 B1SEL B2SEL SESRSYN 3 Operates on WA2_QA1 1 bus alt CB mirrored WA2 LIN...

Page 209: ... phase reclosing attempts can be considered to consist of two parts One part to verify the internal logic and timing of the function One part to verify its interaction with the protection system This section deals with verification of SMBRREC itself However it is practical to start SMBRREC by activating a protection function for example by secondary injection tests Prepare the IED for verification...

Page 210: ...ate real conditions The CB simulation can be made more elaborate including simulation of the operating gear condition CBREADY of either the type ready for a Close Open CO cycle or the type ready for an Open Close Open OCO cycle The CB condition CBREADY of a type CO shall be high true until a closing operation is performed It then goes low false for a recharging time of about 5 10s After that it is...

Page 211: ... If any timer settings are reduced to speed up or facilitate the testing they shall be set to normal after testing A temporary label on the IED can be a reminder to restore normal settings after which a verification test should be performed 2 Decide if a synchronizing check function SESRSYN shall be included in the test If SESRSYN as an internal function or external device is not operated by the i...

Page 212: ...example three phase single shot reclosing two shot reclosing single phase and three phase single shot reclosing Below a case with single phase and three phase single shot reclosing is described 1 Set Operation On 2 If the synchronizing check SESRSYN is not to be operated ensure that the signal SYNC input is activated If SESRSYN is to be included ensure that it is supplied with the appropriate AC q...

Page 213: ...ed and a new sequence is run it indicates that the result was due to the changed condition In case of a blocking signal the procedure should be similar Start without the blocking or inhibit signal and then run a sequence with the blocking or inhibit signal added Checking the influence of the INHIBIT signal 1 Check that the autorecloser function SMBRREC is operative for example by making a reclosin...

Page 214: ...tput READY shall be low and PREP3P shall be high 2 Apply a single phase fault and thereby a START signal 3 Check that a definitive three phase trip and no reclosing takes place Testing autoreclosing in a multi breaker arrangement The usual arrangement is to have an autorecloser function SMBRREC per circuit breaker They can be in different CB related IEDs or in a common IED A master SMBRREC functio...

Page 215: ...which are connected in a delivery specific way between bays and to the station level For that reason test the total function in a system that is either in a complete delivery system as an acceptance test FAT SAT or as parts of that system If a block unblock command is sent from remote to function while the IED is shut down this command will not be recognized after the start up thus the command tha...

Page 216: ...utlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings Check the scheme logic during the secondary injection test of the impedance or overcurrent protection functions Activation of the different zones verifies that the CS signal is issued from the intended zones The CS signal from the independent tripping zone must have a tSendMin minimum time Check the tripping function by activating the CR and ...

Page 217: ...ve zone 9 Check that trip time complies with the zone timers and that correct trip outputs external signals and indications are obtained for the actual type of fault generated 10 11 1 3 Testing blocking scheme 1 Deactivate the receive CR signal of the IED 2 Apply healthy normal load conditions to the IED for at least two seconds 3 Apply a fault condition within the forward directed zone used for s...

Page 218: ... for scheme communication tripping 9 Check that the no trip from scheme communication occurs 10 Check that the trip time from the forward directed zone used for scheme communication tripping complies with the zone timer and that correct trip outputs external signals and indications are obtained for the actual type of fault generated 10 11 1 5 Checking of unblocking logic Check the unblocking funct...

Page 219: ...ll the actual types of fault generated 5 Check that other zones operate according to their zone timers and that the send CSLx signal is obtained only for the zone and phase configured to generate the actual signal 6 Deactivate the receive CRLx signal in the IED 7 Check that the trip time complies with the zone timers and that correct trip outputs external signals and indications are obtained for t...

Page 220: ...hat the trip time from the forward directed zone used for scheme communication tripping complies with the zone timer and that correct trip outputs external signals and indications are obtained for the actual type of fault generated 10 11 2 4 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their origin...

Page 221: ...external signals are obtained for the type of fault generated The operation time should be about the tDelayRev setting longer than the carrier accelerated trip TRIP recorded for the permissive overreach scheme communication 5 Restore the forward and reverse zone timer to its original setting 10 11 3 2 Weak end infeed logic Weak end infeed logic at permissive overreach schemes 1 Check the blocking ...

Page 222: ...ons and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 11 4 Local acceleration logic ZCLCPSCH Prepare the IED for verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings The logic is checked during the secondary injection test of the impedance measuring zones 10 11 4 1 Verifying the settings 1 Provide the IED with conditions equivalent to n...

Page 223: ...ction is included proceed with the testing according to the corresponding instruction after the testing the communication logic for residual overcurrent protection The current reversal and weak end infeed functions shall be tested together with the permissive scheme 10 11 5 1 Testing the directional comparison logic function Blocking scheme 1 Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 at 5 of UBase EF4PTOC...

Page 224: ...t operating current and wait longer than the set value tCoord No TRIP signal should appear and the CS binary output should be activated 4 Switch the fault current off 5 Activate the CR binary input 6 Switch the fault current on 110 of the set operating current and measure the operating time of the ECPSCH logic Use the TRIP signal from the configured binary output to stop the timer 7 Compare the me...

Page 225: ...ng voltage 3U0 to 5 of UBase and the phase angle between voltage and current to 155 the current leads the voltage 2 Inject current 180 AngleRCA in one phase to about 110 of the set operating current of the four step residual overcurrent protection IN Dir 3 Check that the IRVL output is activated in the disturbance recorder after the set time tPickUpRev 4 Abruptly reverse the current to AngleRCA se...

Page 226: ...RL binary input If setting WEI Echo Trip 1 Inject the polarizing voltage 3U0 to about 90 of the setting 3U0 operating voltage 2 Activate the CRL binary input No ECHO CS and TRWEI outputs should appear 3 Increase the injected voltage to about 110 of the setting 3U0 operating voltage 4 Activate the CRL binary input 5 Check that the ECHO CS and TRWEI appear on the corresponding binary output or on th...

Page 227: ...heir original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 11 7 Direct transfer trip logic 10 11 7 1 Low active power and power factor local criteria LAPPGAPC Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section Requirements and section Preparing for test in this chapter 1 Connect the test set for three phase current injection and three phase voltage to the appropriate IED te...

Page 228: ...gs as outlined in section Requirements and section Preparing for test in this chapter 1 Set OperationOV to On 2 Connect the test set for three phase current injection and three phase voltage to the appropriate IED terminals 3 Inject symmetrical phase voltages equal to the rated voltage 4 Decrease the injected voltage in phase L1 and note the operated value start value of the function 5 Increase th...

Page 229: ...ut signal SWIPOS 25 Check that the line impedance R1 and X1 and reactor impedance Xc are set to the correct values 26 Inject symmetrical phase voltages equal to 120 of the rated voltage 27 Increase the injected current same phase angle as the injected voltage in phase L1 from zero and note the operated value start value of the function Check that this value is equal to injected injected injected i...

Page 230: ...rier receive CR signal s 4 Connect switchable binary signal s to the binary input to be used for the local check signal If three pole trip is used only one LOCTR is used If single pole trip is used in addition the phase selective signals LOCTRL1 LOCTRL2and LOCTRL3 are connected 5 Connect switchable binary signal s to the binary input to be used for the communication supervision signal s CHERR1 and...

Page 231: ...trip output to a timer 12 Have inputs CR1 and CR2 activated Start the timer from activation from activation of input LOCTR and stop the timer from TRIP output 13 Check the trip time Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 11 7 ...

Page 232: ...rent and check the time delay 6 Check that all trip and start contacts operate according to the configuration signal matrices 7 Finally check that start and trip information is stored in the event memory Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for tes...

Page 233: ...configuration signal matrices 7 Finally check that start and trip information is stored in the event memory Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the TestMode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 11 7 7 Negative sequence overcurrent protection LCNSPTOC Prepare the IED for ve...

Page 234: ...nnect the test set for three phase voltage injection L1 L2 L3or residual voltage injection N to the appropriate IED terminals This is dependent on how the IED is fed from the CT 2 Increase the injected zero sequence current and note the operated value start value of the studied step of the function 3 Decrease the current slowly and note the reset value 4 Connect a trip output contact to a timer 5 ...

Page 235: ... of settings as outlined in section Requirements and section Preparing for test in this chapter 1 Connect the test set for three phase current injection to the appropriate IED terminals 2 Inject a symmetrical three phase current larger than the set value I 3 Decrease the injected current in phase L1 and note the operated value start value of the studied step of the function 4 Increase the current ...

Page 236: ...when trip is initiated by any protection or some other built in or external function The following functional output signals must always appear simultaneously TRIP TRL1 TRL2 TRL3 and TR3P 10 12 1 2 1ph 3ph operating mode In addition to various other tests the following tests should be performed They depend on the complete configuration of an IED Procedure 1 Make sure that TripLockout and AutoLock ...

Page 237: ...hin the time interval shorter than tEvolvingFault default setting 2 0s and shorter than the dead time of SMBRREC when included in the protection scheme Check that the second trip is a three phase trip and that a three phase autoreclosing attempt is given after the three phase dead time Functional outputs TRIP TRLn and TR1P should be active during the first fault No other outputs should be active F...

Page 238: ...lvingFault default setting 2 0s and shorter than the dead time of SMBRREC when included in the protection scheme Check that the second trip is a three phase trip and that a three phase autoreclosing attempt is given after the three phase dead time Functional outputs TRIP TRLn and TR1P should be active during first fault No other outputs should be active Functional outputs TRIP all TRLn and TR3P sh...

Page 239: ...1 Gas medium supervision SSIMG Prepare the IED for verification of settings as outlined in section Testing the liquid medium supervision for alarm and lock out conditions and section Completing the test in this chapter Check that the input logical signal BLOCK is logical zero and that on the local HMI the logical signals PRES_ALM PRES_LO TEMP_ALM and TEMP_LO are equal to logical zero 10 13 1 1 Tes...

Page 240: ... level to initiate the alarms 2 Consider the analogue level input LEVEL to initiate the alarms 3 Liquid level lock out input can be used to set LVL_LO signal check the signal status in local HMI under Main menu Test Function status Monitoring Liquid medium supervision SSIML LVL_LO 4 Reduce the liquid level input below LevelAlmLimit check for LVL_ALM signal status in local HMI under Main menu Test ...

Page 241: ...TrCloseAlm 4 2 Change the status of the auxiliary contacts such that travel time to open TTRVOP and travel time to close TTRVCL exceed the respective set values tTrOpenAlm and tTrCloseAlm The measured travel time for opening and closing is shown on TTRVOP and TTRVCL respectively 4 3 Check that TRVTOPAL and TRVTCLAL are activated 5 Test of CB status 5 1 Test the set current level defined by AccStop...

Page 242: ...ccCurrPwr 7 6 Calculation of accumulated energy IPOWPH is stopped when injected current is lower than set AccStopCurr value 8 Test of CB operation cycles 8 1 Test the actual set values defined by OperAlmLevel and OperLOLevel 8 2 The operation counter NOOPER is updated for every close open sequence of the breaker by changing the position of auxiliary contacts POSCLOSE and POSOPEN 8 3 OPERALM is act...

Page 243: ... verification of settings outlined in section Preparing the IED to verify settings The Fault locator function LMBRFLO depends on other functions to work properly that is phase selection information from distance protection function and analog information supplied by the trip value recorder function Check that proper binary start and phase selection signals are connected and voltage and current sig...

Page 244: ... 2 Subject the IED to healthy normal load conditions for at least two seconds 3 Apply a fault condition Check that the distance to fault value displayed on the HMI complies with equations 110 111 and 112 p Zx X1 100 EQUATION123 V1 EN Equation 110 in for two and three phase faults x 3 Z p 100 X0 2 X1 EQUATION124 V1 EN Equation 111 in for single phase to earth faults p 3 Z x X0 2 X1 XM 100 EQUATION1...

Page 245: ...of operations 10 13 6 1 Completing the test Continue to test another function or end the test by changing the Test mode setting to Off Restore connections and settings to their original values if they were changed for testing purposes 10 14 Metering 10 14 1 Pulse counter logic PCFCNT The test of the Pulse counter logic function PCFCNT requires the Parameter Setting tool in PCM600 or an appropriate...

Page 246: ... Activate STOPACC input after some time and supply the IED with same current and voltage 11 Check that the ACCINPRG signal disappears immediately and EAFACC and ERFACC outputs also stop updating 12 Similarly the testing can be done for EAFACC and ERFACC outputs by changing the power inputs directions through direction settings Verification of MAXPAFD MAXPRFD outputs 1 Repeat the above test steps 1...

Page 247: ...s if they were changed for testing purposes 10 15 Station communication 10 15 1 Multiple command and transmit MULTICMDRCV MULTICMDSND The multiple command and transmit function MULTICMDRCV MULTICMDSND is only applicable for horizontal communication Test of the multiple command function block and multiple transmit is recommended to be performed in a system that is either in a complete delivery syst...

Page 248: ...nostics Internal events Status for inputs and outputs Main menu Test Function status browse to the function group of interest Remote communication related signals Main menu Test Function status Communication Remote communication Test the correct functionality by simulating different kind of faults Also check that sent and received data is correctly transmitted and read A test connection is shown i...

Page 249: ...local HMI underMain menu Test Function status Setting groups ActiveGroup 3 Connect the appropriate dc voltage to the corresponding binary input of the IED and observe the information presented on the local HMI The displayed information must always correspond to the activated input 4 Check that the corresponding output indicates the active group Operating procedures for the PC aided methods of chan...

Page 250: ...ode The following procedure is used to return to normal operation After exiting the IED test mode make sure that the MU is returned to normal mode 1 Navigate to the test mode folder 2 Change the On setting to Off Press the E key and the left arrow key 3 Answer YES press the E key and exit the menus Section 10 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Testing functionality by secondary injection 244 Line distance protect...

Page 251: ...he information given by the High speed distance protection ZMFPDIS ZMFCPDIS or the directional function ZDRDIR or ZDMRDIR whichever is used Procedure 1 Make sure that all control and protection functions that belong to the object that are going to be energized have been tested and are set to be in operation 2 Make sure that the primary load current fulfills the following conditions by using an ext...

Page 252: ...t the same this is a sign of incorrect connection of the voltage or current transformers serving the distance protection function It is also possible that there is a wrong setting for the earthing point for one or more of the CTs serving distance protection the setting name is CTStarPoint available under the HMI menu Main menu Configuration Analog modules If the directional function shows forward ...

Page 253: ...3R L3X The measured impedance information can still be used to determine the direction of the load A positive resistance measured in all phases indicates a forward exporting resistive load active power while a negative sign indicates a reverse importing resistive load active power Usually it is enough to look at the resistive values to get information of the load direction that must anyway be comp...

Page 254: ...248 ...

Page 255: ...xport or import of power available Finally final trip tests must be performed This involves activation of protection functions or tripping outputs with the circuit breaker closed and the tripping of the breaker verified When several breakers are involved each breaker must be checked individually and it must be verified that the other involved breakers are not tripped at the same time 12 2 Periodic...

Page 256: ...energized The IED cannot protect the circuit during testing Trained personnel may test one IED at a time on live circuits where redundant protection is installed and de energization of the primary circuit is not allowed ABB protection IEDs are preferably tested by aid of components from the COMBITEST testing system described in information B03 9510 E Main components are RTXP 8 18 24 test switch us...

Page 257: ...etween obtained value and requested set value is too big the setting should be adjusted the new value recorded and a note should be made in the test record 12 2 2 4 Alarm test When inserting the test handle the alarm and event signalling is normally blocked This is done in the IED by setting the event reporting to Off during the test This can be done when the test handle is inserted or the IED is ...

Page 258: ...measure the service currents and service voltages recorded by the protection IED The service values are checked on the local HMI or in PCM600 Ensure that the correct values and angles between voltages and currents are recorded Also check the direction of directional functions such as Distance and directional overcurrent functions For transformer differential protection the achieved differential cu...

Page 259: ...ith a removed fuse or open miniature circuit breaker with an open connection wrong setting and so on Thus a list should be prepared of all items disturbed during test so that all can be put back into service quickly and without overlooking something It should be put back into service item by item and signed by the responsible engineer 1MRK 506 355 UEN A Section 12 Commissioning and maintenance of ...

Page 260: ...254 ...

Page 261: ...ire Gauge standard BBP Busbar protection BFOC 2 5 Bayonet fibre optic connector BFP Breaker failure protection BI Binary input BIM Binary input module BOM Binary output module BOS Binary outputs status BR External bistable relay BS British Standards BSR Binary signal transfer function receiver blocks BST Binary signal transfer function transmit blocks C37 94 IEEE ANSI protocol used when sending bi...

Page 262: ...urbance recorder according to IEEE ANSI C37 111 1999 IEC60255 24 Contra directional Way of transmitting G 703 over a balanced line Involves four twisted pairs two of which are used for transmitting data in both directions and two for transmitting clock signals COT Cause of transmission CPU Central processing unit CR Carrier receive CRC Cyclic redundancy check CROB Control relay output block CS Car...

Page 263: ... discharge F SMA Type of optical fibre connector FAN Fault number FCB Flow control bit Frame count bit FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech data and protection signals FOX 512 515 Access multiplexer FOX 6Plus Compact time division multiplexer for the transmission of up to seven duplex channels of digital data over optical fibers FTP File Transfer Protocol FUN Function type...

Page 264: ...EEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits s on twisted pair or optical fiber cable IEEE P1386 1 PCI Mezzanine Card PMC standard for local bus modules References the CMC IEEE P1386 also known as Common Mezzanine Card standard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from the PCI SIG Special Interest Group for the elec...

Page 265: ...gnal IRIG B InterRange Instrumentation Group Time code format B standard 200 ITU International Telecommunications Union LAN Local area network LIB 520 High voltage software module LCD Liquid crystal display LDCM Line differential communication module LDD Local detection device LED Light emitting diode LNT LON network tool LON Local operating network MCB Miniature circuit breaker MCM Mezzanine carr...

Page 266: ...transfer trip Process bus Bus or LAN used at the process level that is in near proximity to the measured and or controlled components PSM Power supply module PST Parameter setting tool within PCM600 PT ratio Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio PUTT Permissive underreach transfer trip RASC Synchrocheck relay COMBIFLEX RCA Relay characteristic angle RISC Reduced instruction set comput...

Page 267: ...tarpoint Neutral point of transformer or generator SVC Static VAr compensation TC Trip coil TCS Trip circuit supervision TCP Transmission control protocol The most common transport layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet TCP IP Transmission control protocol over Internet Protocol The de facto standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into 4 2BSD Unix TCP IP was developed by DARPA for Inter...

Page 268: ...ed from International Atomic Time TAI by the addition of a whole number of leap seconds to synchronize it with Universal Time 1 UT1 thus allowing for the eccentricity of the Earth s orbit the rotational axis tilt 23 5 degrees but still showing the Earth s irregular rotation on which UT1 is based The Coordinated Universal Time is expressed using a 24 hour clock and uses the Gregorian calendar It is...

Page 269: ...263 ...

Page 270: ... notice ABB AB does not accept any responsibility whatsoever for potential errors or possible lack of information in this document We reserve all rights in this document and in the subject matter and illustrations contained herein Any reproduction disclosure to third parties or utilization of its contents in whole or in part is forbidden without prior written consent of ABB AB Copyright 2015 ABB A...

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