LEXI-R422 - System integration manual
UBX-23007449 - R02
Design-in
Page 34 of 108
C1-Public
Keep in mind that the use of rechargeable batteries requires the implementation of a suitable charger
circuit, which is not included in the modules. The charger circuit needs to be designed to prevent
over-voltage on
VCC
pins, and it should be selected according to the application requirements. A
DC/DC switching charger is the typical choice when the charging source has a high nominal voltage
(e.g. ~12 V), whereas a linear charger is the typical choice when the charging source has a relatively
low nominal voltage (~5 V). If both a permanent primary supply / charging source (e.g. ~12 V) and a
rechargeable back-up battery (e.g. 3.7 V Li-Pol) are available at the same time as possible supply
source, then a suitable charger / regulator with integrated power path management function can be
selected to supply the module while simultaneously and independently charging the battery. See
sections
for specific design-in.
An appropriate primary (not rechargeable) battery can be selected considering the maximum current
specified in the LEXI-R422 data sheet
during connected mode, considering that primary cells
might have weak power capability. See section
for specific design-in.
The usage of more than one DC supply at the same time should be carefully evaluated: depending on
the supply source characteristics, different DC supply systems can result as mutually exclusive.
The selected regulator or battery must be able to support with adequate margin the highest averaged
current consumption value specified in the LEXI-R422 data sheet
The following sections highlight some design aspects for each of the supplies listed above providing
application circuit design-in compliant with the module
VCC
requirements summarized in
2.2.1.2
Guidelines for VCC supply circuit design using a switching regulator
The use of a switching regulator is suggested when the difference from the available supply rail source
to the
VCC
value is high, since switching regulators provide good efficiency transforming a 12 V or
greater voltage supply to the typical 3.8 V value of the
VCC
supply.
The characteristics of the switching regulator connected to
VCC
pins should meet the following
prerequisites to comply with the module
VCC
requirements summarized in
•
Power capability
: the switching regulator with its output circuit must be capable of providing a
voltage value to the
VCC
pins within the specified operating range and must be capable of
delivering to
VCC
pins the maximum current consumption occurring during transmissions at the
maximum power, as specified in the LEXI-R422 data sheet
•
Low output ripple
: the switching regulator together with its output circuit must be capable of
providing a clean (low noise)
VCC
voltage profile.
•
High switching frequency:
for best performance and for smaller applications it is recommended
to select a switching frequency
≥
600 kHz (since L-C output filter is typically smaller for high
switching frequency). The use of a switching regulator with a variable switching frequency or with
a switching frequency lower than 600 kHz must be carefully evaluated since this can produce
noise in the
VCC
profile and therefore negatively impact modulation spectrum performance.
•
PWM mode operation
: it is preferable to select regulators with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
mode. While in connected mode, the Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) mode and PFM/PWM
modes transitions must be avoided to reduce noise on
VCC
voltage profile. Switching regulators
can be used that are able to switch between low ripple PWM mode and high ripple PFM mode,
provided that the mode transition occurs when the module changes status from the active mode
to connected mode. It is permissible to use a regulator that switches from the PWM mode to the
burst or PFM mode at an appropriate current threshold.
