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CAMERA FILTERS

By Ira Tiffen

© Ira Tiffen

THE TIFFEN COMPANY

HAUPPAUGE, NEW YORK

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Summary of Contents for Camera Filters

Page 1: ...CAMERA FILTERS By Ira Tiffen Ira Tiffen THE TIFFEN COMPANY HAUPPAUGE NEW YORK ...

Page 2: ...ns and thought and make believable what otherwise would not be They get the viewer involved Filter Planning Filter effects can become a key part of the look of a production if considered in the planning stages They can also provide a crucial last minute fix to unexpected problems if you have them readily available Where possible it is best to run advance tests for pre conceived situations when tim...

Page 3: ...g far away objects in either color or black and white Ultraviolet filters absorb UV light generally without affecting light in the visible region It is important to distinguish between UV generated haze and that of air borne particles such as smog The latter is made up of opaque matter that absorbs visible light as well as UV and will not be appreciably removed by a UV filter Ultraviolet filters c...

Page 4: ...ngsten film with a ND filter are available as one filter as in the 85N6 In this case the two stop ND 6 value is in addition to the exposure compensation needed for the base 85 filter Color Grad Graduated ND Filters Often it is necessary or desirable to balance light intensity in one part of a scene with another in situations where you don t have total light control as in bright exteriors Exposing ...

Page 5: ...ight as from the sun reflecting off a blue object appears blue because all other colors are absorbed by that object A small portion of the reflected light bounces off the object without being absorbed and colored retaining the original often white color of its source With sufficient light intensity such as outdoor sunlight this reflected glare has the effect of washing out the color saturation of ...

Page 6: ...rd linear polarizer will cause the light to be further absorbed by the internal optics depending on the relative orientation A Circular Polarizer is a linear one to which has been added on the side facing the camera a quarter wave retarder This corkscrews the plane of polarization effectively depolarizing it eliminating the problem The Circular Polarizer otherwise functions in the same manner Pola...

Page 7: ...face appear youthful flawless More recently these can be obtained as standard sized optical glass filters the Tiffen Softnet series These function through selective diffusion They have a greater effect on small details such as wrinkles and skin blemishes than on the rest of the image The clear spaces in the mesh transmit light unchanged preserving the overall sharp appearance of the image Light st...

Page 8: ... They can be round or diamond shaped These are capable of more efficient selective diffusion than the net type and have no requirement to be aligned with the subject s eye They don t lower contrast as by tinting shadows as light colored nets do These dimples refract light throughout their surface not just at the edges For any given amount of clear space through the filter which is relative to over...

Page 9: ...fect of atomized water droplets in the air The soft glow can be used to make lighting more visible make it better felt by the viewer The effect of humidity in say a tropical scene can be created or enhanced In lighter grades these filters can take the edge off excess contrast and sharpness Heavier grades can create unnatural effects as for fantasy sequences In general however the effect of a stron...

Page 10: ...ning highlights Use this latter filter when lighter shadows are not desired In both cases the mild flare produced from bright highlights is sometimes used as a lighting effect Another more recently developed type of filter reduces contrast without any localized flare The Tiffen Ultra Contrast filter series uses the surrounding ambient light not just light in the image area to evenly lighten shadow...

Page 11: ...e appears as lighter on film than it does to the eye This can make a blue sky light enough to appear a similar shade of light gray as the clouds that are in it making the clouds disappear A more correct cloud presence is obtained through the use of a yellow filter such as a Wratten 8 which can absorb blue light darkening the sky to more closely match what the eye would see The 8 also acts as a gen...

Page 12: ... has no such internal compensation It is designed to see only a certain type of light as white all others will appear different to the extent of their difference Filters are required to provide the necessary fine tuning Knowing that light is a form of energy we can theoretically view it as energy emitted from a hot object usually termed a black body that gives off light as a function of its temper...

Page 13: ...mperature into its reciprocal that is to divide it into 1 Then since this is usually a number with six or more decimal places we multiple it by 106 or one million for convenience This is then termed the mired value for micro reciprocal degrees It identified the specific change introduced by the filter in a way that is unrelated to the actual temperature range involved To see this more clearly let ...

Page 14: ... D for use with daylight corrected media or the FL B for use with tungsten corrected media Both are designed to yield good to excellent color under fluorescents without the need for a meter and a variety of CC filters Mixed Lighting Situations A question often arises of what to do when there is more than one type of lighting used in a scene The key to this is to first try to make all the light sou...

Page 15: ...ade Sepia Filters People often associate sepia toned images with early times This makes Sepia filters useful tools for producing believable flashbacks and for period effects with color film Other colors are still visible which is different from original sepia toned photography but appear infused with an overall sepia tint Tiffen offers three types 1 a mild version to enhance cool bluish lighting s...

Page 16: ... used to impart certain color effects both for densities available in the film emulsion to work with and is limited to the range of variation of the optical printer These are much more limiting than the multitude of colorants in the real world and the number of ways in which adjustments can be made at the camera Filtering on the camera brings the lab that much closer to the desired result providin...

Page 17: ...as well as for setting up color video monitors Day For Night Day for night DFN photography is an effect that makes a scene recorded in daylight to appear as if it were at twilight This is usually accomplished by the use of a filter that both underexposes by about two stops and can also produce a bluish color overcast Lighting contrast and other factors contribute to the reality of this effect Tiff...

Page 18: ...e with any lenses of equal or smaller sizes Round filters also can be supplied with self rotating mounts where needed as for polarizers They can be readily stacked in combination Rectangular filters require the use of a special filter holder or matte box They offer the additional benefit of allowing slidability for effects that must be precisely aligned within an image such as gradated filters In ...

Page 19: ...end held in place with a rubber band There are also numerous things you can do if you have a clear filter or several available Petroleum jelly can cause flare or diffusion or even some starlike streaks depending on its application to a clear filter spread with a finger or cloth The chief benefit here is that the effect can also be applied only to selected portions of the scene Breathing on a clear...

Page 20: ...CAMERA FILTERS Ira Tiffen 20 Tiffen Color Grad Softnet Soft FX Decamired DM FL D FL B 812 Diffusion FX Pro Mist and LL D are registered trademarks of The Tiffen Company ...

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