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V
(LRMS)
V
O
I
DD
I
DD(avg)
Efficiency of a BTL amplifier
P
L
P
SUP
Where:
P
L
V
L
rms
2
R
L
, and V
LRMS
V
P
2
, therefore, P
L
V
P
2
2R
L
and P
SUP
V
DD
I
DD
avg
and
I
DD
avg
1
0
V
P
R
L
sin(t) dt
1
V
P
R
L
[
cos(t)
]
0
2V
P
R
L
Therefore,
P
SUP
2 V
DD
V
P
R
L
(7)
Efficiency of a BTL amplifier
V
P
2
2 R
L
2 V
DD
V
P
R
L
V
P
4 V
DD
P
L
= Power delivered to load
P
SUP
= Power drawn from power supply
V
LRMS
= RMS voltage on BTL load
R
L
= Load resistance
V
P
2 P
L
R
L
BTL
2 P
L
R
L
4 V
DD
Where:
Therefore,
V
P
= Peak voltage on BTL load
I
DD
avg = Average current drawn from the power supply
V
DD
= Power supply voltage
η
BTL
= Efficiency of a BTL amplifier
(8)
TPA6011A4
SLOS392A – FEBRUARY 2002 – REVISED JULY 2004
Figure 38. Voltage and Current Waveforms for BTL Amplifiers
Although the voltages and currents for SE and BTL are sinusoidal in the load, currents from the supply are very
different between SE and BTL configurations. In an SE application the current waveform is a half-wave rectified
shape, whereas in BTL it is a full-wave rectified waveform. This means RMS conversion factors are different.
Keep in mind that for most of the waveform both the push and pull transistors are not on at the same time, which
supports the fact that each amplifier in the BTL device only draws current from the supply for half the waveform.
The following equations are the basis for calculating amplifier efficiency.
substituting PL and PSUP into Equation 7,
Table 5 employs Equation 8 to calculate efficiencies for four different output power levels. Note that the efficiency
of the amplifier is quite low for lower power levels and rises sharply as power to the load is increased resulting in
a nearly flat internal power dissipation over the normal operating range. Note that the internal dissipation at full
output power is less than in the half power range. Calculating the efficiency for a specific system is the key to
proper power supply design. For a stereo 1-W audio system with 8-
Ω
loads and a 5-V supply, the maximum draw
on the power supply is almost 3.25 W.
26
