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Search Operations (Cont.)

Search Operations (Cont.)

32

RDR-1600 Pilot’s Guide

TM106101(8/01)

TM106101(8/01)

RDR-1600 Pilot’s Guide

33

7.1.2 Other Aircraft

Tests show that only with extremely careful observation at relatively short
ranges can other aircraft be detected by this type of radar equipment. The
character of this echo is such that this type of radar system cannot be 
considered adequate for this purpose.

7.2 SEARCH MODE

An advantage of this radar system is the enhancement of short range 
mapping capability. This facilitates locating specific targets on land or sea
and provides a navigational map as a supplement to standard navigation
procedures.

7.1.1 Looking Angle

The incident angle at which the terrain is illuminated has a direct bearing on
the detectable range and the area of illumination. A large incident angle
gives the radar system a smaller detectable range of operation (due to a
minimized reflection of direct radar energy). However, the illuminated area
“A” is larger.

Figure 7.1.1-1. A Smaller Incident Angle

A smaller incident angle gives the radar a larger detectable range of oper-
ation because of an increase of direct radar energy reflected from the 
target to the antenna. The area of illumination (“A”) is smaller.

Figure 7.1.1-2. Concentration of the Beam

Concentration of the beam energy on the small area of terrain increases the
magnitude of the echo intercepted by the antenna. The resulting detectable
range is therefore increased for mountainous terrain; the maximum 
distance at which this terrain can be monitored is greater because of the
more direct reflection (or radar echo) produced. Illuminating the backslope
of hills stretches the area of coverage beyond the flat terrain coverage.

Summary of Contents for CP-113K

Page 1: ...PREFLIGHT PFT 10 4 1 PREFLIGHT WARNING 10 5 0 THEORY OF OPERATION 11 5 1 GENERAL 11 5 2 RADAR PRINCIPLES 12 5 3 WEATHER RADAR PRINCIPLES 13 5 4 RADAR REFLECTIVITY 14 5 5 WEATHER DISPLAY CALIBRATION 1...

Page 2: ...ST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE TITLE PAGE 2 1 Typical System Block Diagram 2 2 1 1 Receiver Transmitter 3 2 1 2 DA 1203A Drive Assembly with AA4512A 12 Flat Plate Antenna 3 2 1 3 CP 113K Control Panel 3 2...

Page 3: ...three air to surface search and detection modes and two conventional weather avoid ance modes This lightweight digital X band radar system provides a peak power of 10 kW and is primarily designed for...

Page 4: ...ved by the antenna are amplified and sent to the radar display indicator The flat panel antenna which is available in diameters of 10 12 or 18 inches scans 60 or 120 degrees Swept by a motor driven ge...

Page 5: ...s and a code feature identifies the beacons Beacon Formatting allows for the display of either standard or DO 172 type beacons This information can be displayed in any of eight separate ranges Rainfal...

Page 6: ...e Tilt Control Knob is pressed in the stabilization function is active When this knob is pulled out the stabilization function is turned off TILT Adjusts antenna tilt angle Figure 3 2 1 Tilt Control 3...

Page 7: ...rotary potentiometer that controls the gain of the Search receiver CODE Pressing this switch selects Beacon Codes in a sequential cyclic fashion i e Code 0 Code 1 Code 2 Code 15 or Code 0 Code 1 Code...

Page 8: ...then move the function selector to TEST No display appears in the STBY position and the radar does not transmit in either STBY or TEST The test pattern scans 120 and automatically selects the 80 mile...

Page 9: ...2 RADAR PRINCIPLES Radar is fundamentally a distance measuring system using the principle of radio echoing The term RADAR is an acronym for Radio Detecting And Ranging It is a method for locating targ...

Page 10: ...5 12 0 1 0 5 Light to moderate turbulence is possible with lightning 1 Green 1 4 0 04 0 17 Weak 1 0 25 2 5 01 0 1 Light to moderate turbulence is possible with lightning 0 Black Less than 1 Less than...

Page 11: ...dar beam to effectively look deeper into and through heavy rain to search for possible storm cells beyond While Attenuation Compensation does not eliminate precipitation attenuation it does allow the...

Page 12: ...e displayed range Figure 6 3 1 Weather Alert with Target Alert Display 6 0 WEATHER OPERATIONS 6 1 WEATHER MODE WX The RDR 1600 will provide you with target information to a greater degree than ever po...

Page 13: ...the precipitation reflection correlates with the degree of turbulence found in a thunderstorm The most severe turbulence in the storm however may not be at the same place that gives the greatest rada...

Page 14: ...results can be obtained Note It takes an experienced eye to identify hooks and fingers and other radar echo characteristics which can indicate hail or torna does However the pilot can be sure that an...

Page 15: ...icing would defi nitely exist but in the second case the pure crystals would offer no danger 1 It should be remembered however that super cooled water and ice crystals can co exist In each case the r...

Page 16: ...e still accessible Figure 6 5 10 1 Short Range Display In the weather mode the RDR 1600 is unable to ascertain radar returns from close in On the short range displays the RDR 1600 paints a red arc in...

Page 17: ...ost intense echoes are severe thunderstorms Remember that hail may fall several miles from the cloud and hazardous turbulence may extend as much as 20 miles from the storm Avoid the most intense echoe...

Page 18: ...ntensity will vary with the degree to choppiness Above all remember Never regard any thunderstorm as LIGHT even when radar observers report the echoes are of light intensity Avoiding thunder storms is...

Page 19: ...e detectable range and the area of illumination A large incident angle gives the radar system a smaller detectable range of operation due to a minimized reflection of direct radar energy However the i...

Page 20: ...eyond 10 mile range SR1 and SR2 are the same as SR3 The radar s long range mapping compatibility may be used to recognize known well defined targets such as mountains lakes rivers or cities Use of gai...

Page 21: ...storm s approximate size and relative direction of movement The correct procedure for weather avoidance is to aim the antenna directly at the storm not above it or at the ground The tilt control perm...

Page 22: ...m is being displayed Antenna Tilt Angle Altitude ft 10 12 18 Line of Sight Range SM 5 000 7 0 6 0 5 0 87 10 000 6 0 5 0 4 0 123 15 000 5 5 4 0 3 0 150 20 000 4 5 3 5 2 5 174 25 000 4 0 3 0 2 0 194 30...

Page 23: ...s climbing descending or turning When the aircraft departs from straight and level flight the stabilization system automatically adjusts the antenna position to compensate for the change Both limits a...

Page 24: ...se two frames will be a combination of up to four slashes Varying the combina tions of the inner slashes makes it possible to identify any one of fifteen dif ferent DO 172 beacon codes This feature is...

Page 25: ...rt transmitted pulse and the long range will use a long transmitted pulse This is an incompatible situation in that the transmitter cannot transmit both a long and short pulse at the same time In this...

Page 26: ...s plus 7 5 watts Power Bus maximum lighting power drain from 28 Vdc lighting bus Power Draw using 5 Vac 10 watts maximum electrical and lighting 400 Hz Lighting input power drain from 28 Vdc power bus...

Page 27: ...ws a schematic cross section of a thunderstorm with areas out side the cloud where turbulence may be encountered 2 It is almost impossible to hold a constant altitude in a thunder storm and maneuverin...

Page 28: ...nsity and frequency have no simple relationship to other storm parameters severe storms as a rule have a high frequency of lightning i Engine Water Ingestion 1 Turbine engines have a limit on the amou...

Page 29: ...20 83 during massive water ingestion Although the exact mechanism of these water induced engine stalls has not bee determined it is felt that thrust changes may have an adverse effect on engine stall...

Page 30: ...ou cannot avoid penetrating a thunderstorm following are some do s BEFORE entering the storm 1 Tighten your safety belt put on your shoulder harness if you have one and secure all loose objects 2 Plan...

Page 31: ...fe distance can be determined by using the equations in the Appendix This criterion is now accepted by many indus trial organizations and is based on limiting exposure of humans to an average power de...

Page 32: ...wer density of 1 mw cm2 the distance in meters from the antenna may be calculated by where Rs the minimum safe distance in meters P Transmitted average power in watts G Antenna gain PROCEDURES The abo...

Page 33: ...rne weather radar Antenna Diameter 18 inches 45 6 cm Transmitter Frequency 9375 30 MHz Wave Length 3 2 cm Pulse Length 2 5 microseconds search Pulse Repetition 200 Hz Peak Power 10 kilowatts Average P...

Page 34: ...elope in which the radiation level exceeds the U S Government standard of 1 mW per square centimeter all personnel should remain beyond the distance indicated in the illustration below The distance to...

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