background image

 

 

 

 

Safety precautions 

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although 
some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous 
conditions may be present. 

This product is intended for use by personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required 
to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the 
product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications. 

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired. 

 

The types of product users are: 

Responsible body

 is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the 

equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained. 

Operators

 use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the 

instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits. 

Maintenance personnel

 perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line 

voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures 
explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel. 

Service personnel

 are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained 

service personnel may perform installation and service procedures. 

 

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement, control, and data I/O connections, with low 
transient overvoltages, and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient 
overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections require protection for high transient 
overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to 
mains. These instruments will be marked as category II or higher. 

Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument labels, do not connect any instrument to mains. 

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test 
fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 
30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any 
unknown circuit before measuring. 

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators 
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential 
human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If 
the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed. 

 

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited 
sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective 
devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card. 

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the 
connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use. 

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input 
power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator. 

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under 
test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting 
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers. 

 

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) 
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the 
voltage being measured. 

Summary of Contents for KEITHLEY 2450

Page 1: ...he resulting current is measured Open Circuit Potential Measures the cell potential difference between two electrodes with high input impedance as a function of time Potential Pulse and Square Wave Sources potential at programmable peak and base levels while current is recorded at the pulse peak level and the resulting current is measured Current Pulse and Square Wave Sources current at programmab...

Page 2: ...ument is not included Model number Quantity 2450 2460 or 2461 1 01217440x 1 013042100 4 2450 800x 1 Description Keithley Instruments 2450 2460 or 2461 Interactive SourceMeter SMU Instrument with power cable 1 m connectorized cable assembly Insulated miniature alligator clips Interactive Sourcemeter Electrochemistry Kit USB Flash Drive and Instructions not pictured Figure 1 EC UPGRADE kit shipping ...

Page 3: ...on or off Follow the steps below to connect the SMU to line power and turn on the instrument The SMU operates from a line voltage of 100 V to 240 V at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz It automatically senses line voltage and frequency Make sure the operating voltage in your area is compatible You must turn on the SMU and allow it to warm up for at least one hour to achieve rated accuracies Operating ...

Page 4: ...r damage it When testing this type of DUT do not make final connections to it until the instrument has completed its power up sequence and is in a known operating state When testing this type of DUT disconnect it from the instrument before turning the instrument off To prevent any human contact with a live conductor connections to the DUT must be fully insulated and the final connections to the DU...

Page 5: ...flash drive or copy the files from the flash drive to the instrument If you choose to copy the applications you must also copy the support files EC_Framework tsp and EC_Images tsp to your SMU To copy a script to the SMU 1 Insert the USB flash drive into the USB port on the front panel 2 Press the MENU key 3 Under Scripts select Manage The Manage Scripts menu opens Your list of Internal Scripts may...

Page 6: ...he corresponding filename is displayed in the Internal Scripts list Figure 4 Copying the file to the instrument Connections and usage The cable assembly can be used with Keithley SMUs for electrochemistry applications Each connector of the assembly is labeled according to its function Figure 5 Cable assembly connector labels and definitions ...

Page 7: ...nnectors into the SENSE terminals The FORCE terminals are used to source or sink voltage or current to or from a DUT Plug the HI and LO connectors into the FORCE terminals Plug the four SMU side cable connectors into the front of your SMU instrument as shown in the below graphic Figure 6 Connecting SMU side cable connectors to the SMU front panel inputs Make the device connections The test cable l...

Page 8: ...d separately Figure 9 Four electrode cell testing cable connections Attach the alligator clips Four insulated alligator clips are supplied You can attach these clips to the ends of the device side connectors as shown in the following graphic The clips provide a safe secure way to connect to your device Figure 10 Alligator clip attached to accessory cable connector For small cells and electrodes yo...

Page 9: ...gure shows the connections from a SMU to a three electrode test cell Figure 11 Front panel connections Run a test Once you have configured your SMU and connected a test cell you are ready to run a test For this example you will run the Cyclic Voltammetry test To run a test 1 Press the HOME key 2 Select the active script indicator at the top of your home screen If there is no script activity the in...

Page 10: ...d Figure 14 Cyclic voltammetry home screen Review the test home screen controls All test home screen controls include End App Select this control to immediately stop the test and return to normal SMU operation Autoscale Select this control to define the graph based upon the plotted data This is useful for constraining all of the data to the screen s viewing size Start Test Select this control to i...

Page 11: ...can select up to four voltage potential vertices which are defined as E1 or E initial E2 E3 and E4 in the next figure The slope of the lines is determined by the scan rate that you use You will set the scan rate later in this step of the test Figure 15 Potential sweep versus time of cyclic voltammetry example For this step you will set the Number of vertices define their potentials and specify the...

Page 12: ...ings menu defining four vertices 5 Enter each vertex value in the range of 20 V After you define the vertices select the potential reference Eref or Eoc If you select Eref the applied potential is relative to the potential at the reference electrode If you select Eoc the applied potential is relative to the open circuit potential of the cell Eoc which is measured immediately before the scan begins...

Page 13: ...n select a scan rate of 0 1 mV per second to 3500 mV per second To select the scan rate 1 From the scan Settings menu select Scan Rate Figure 19 Scan Settings menu selecting Scan Rate 2 Enter a value 3 Select OK After entering the scan rate you will choose the number of cycles from 1 to 100 The number of cycles determines how many times each scan is repeated To select the number of scan cycles 1 F...

Page 14: ...setting a value for the sampling rate The acquired measurements are stored in the active buffer of the instrument cvBuffer The buffer can hold a maximum of 100 000 readings The following table describes the available interval units and accompanying range of values Sampling rate unit Description Sampling rate range of values points test The number of points acquired during a test regardless of how ...

Page 15: ...ant to use for the test You can now set a sampling rate To set the sampling rate 1 From the Measure Settings screen select Sampling Rate 2 Enter a value 3 Select OK Now you will select the current range to measure the current from the scan Choose the range based upon the largest current magnitude you expect during the test To select the current measurement range 1 From the Measure Settings screen ...

Page 16: ...t model Figure 24 Selecting the current range Although rare you may encounter overshoot ringing or other instability on the output of your SMU potentiostat depending the electrical impedance of your chemical cell This is particularly an issue when the impedance is capacitive and you are forcing voltage and measuring relatively low currents as with the cyclic voltammetry test In these cases you can...

Page 17: ...ations can be stored To save the test parameters 1 From the Menu screen select Save Settings If you have saved a settings file previously with the same File Selection number you will be prompted to overwrite it Figure 26 Selecting Save Settings 2 Select a file number and then select Save Settings You are notified when the save is complete as shown in the next figure Select OK to clear the prompt F...

Page 18: ...ey were created and saved For example you cannot load test parameter settings created with a 2450 EC to a 2460 EC 1 From the Menu screen select Load Settings Figure 28 Selecting Load Settings 2 Select a file by choosing File Selection and then a file number Figure 29 Choosing a file to load 3 Select Load Settings You are notified when the load completes Select OK to clear the prompt ...

Page 19: ...n Figure 30 Cyclic voltammetry test results graph You can use the touchscreen to manipulate the graph or add cursors See your Interactive SourceMeterTM Instrument Reference Manual for more information You can save a screen capture to a flash drive inserted into the USB port of the potentiostat by simultaneously pressing the HOME key and the ENTER key The file name has the format imgmmdd_hhmmss png...

Page 20: ...e outputs are powered off if a hardware or software fault occurs Acquire the open circuit potential Eoc If you selected Eoc as the potential reference for the scan then the open circuit potential will be measured immediately after starting the test You are prompted by the test application as shown in the next figure Figure 31 Prompt for Eoc measurement If you select Yes the instrument measures the...

Page 21: ...ormation and parameter settings If there are more than 10 000 measurements stored the process of saving the data may take several minutes To save the test data to the flash drive 1 Make sure your flash drive is inserted into the front panel USB port 2 From the test application home screen select Save Data 3 Specify a file name then select OK 4 Select OK on the confirmation message Figure 34 Test r...

Page 22: ...top Test turns off the instrument s output Next steps See the Model 2450 EC 2460 EC and 2461 EC Potentiostats User s Guide document number 07711040x for detailed information on running the other test scripts included with your potentiostat or upgrade kit The guide is included on the supplied USB flash drive Additionally see your Keithley Instruments 2450 2460 or 2461 Interactive SourceMeter Instru...

Page 23: ...ed to mains These instruments will be marked as category II or higher Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications operating manual and instrument labels do not connect any instrument to mains Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures The American National Standards Institute ANSI states that a shock hazard ex...

Page 24: ...plains hazards that could damage the instrument Such damage may invalidate the warranty The CAUTION heading with the symbol in the user documentation explains hazards that could result in moderate or minor injury or damage the instrument Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure Damage to the instrument may invalidate the warranty Instrumentati...

Reviews: