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Signals and Measurements for
Wireless Communications Testing

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Summary of Contents for AWG 2000 Series

Page 1: ...Signals and Measurements for Wireless Communications Testing...

Page 2: ...SK 20 11 Digital FM FSK 21 12 Quadrature Modulation 23 13 Filtering Out Unwanted Sidebands 25 14 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 28 For More Information on Tektronix Instrumentation 29 AWG 2000 Series...

Page 3: ...do you get the first waveform to appear at the BNC connector The most straightforward method is the record playback technique A live signal is recorded into the memory of a digital oscilloscope and t...

Page 4: ...4...

Page 5: ...n AWG one adds the modulation to the wave form description 1 k sin mt A sin ct where k is the modulation depth between 0 and 1 and m is the sinusoidal modulation frequency Thus our example waveform be...

Page 6: ...signal The AWG equation compiler converts the waveform defini tion to a 1 ms series of 20 000 points Figure 2 The AWG can repetitively generate this series to create the AM carrier in Figure 3 The TD...

Page 7: ...e signals are added together The output level can be set as needed using the AWG s setup menu Figure 5 In this case the signal amplitude is set to 1 V peak to peak The setup menu summarizes key wavefo...

Page 8: ...0 0 980 985 990 995 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 Figure 6 Spectrum analyzer plot of the 3 carriers There are 3 kHz AM on the adjacent carriers and 1 kHz AM on the original carrier Note the low level of cl...

Page 9: ...AWG equa tion editor specifying 11 tones centered at 70 MHz in 1 MHz steps from 65 MHz through 75 MHz In this case the 1 MHz steps suggest a waveform period of 1 s such that the record repeats at a 1...

Page 10: ...s to test for satu ration in transmitter or receiver stages While both signals have the same power level the peak levels are quite different Absolute control of phase rela tionships means that the AWG...

Page 11: ...l be phase continuous when the 1 ms record repeats Figure 11 shows a spectrum analyzer plot of the modulated signal The peak deviation of 5 52 kHz was selected because a modulation index of 5 52 cause...

Page 12: ...kHz exactly 7583 cycles of the carrier frequency fit in the 16 666 ms period The 20 Hz error less than 50 ppm is irrele vant for all practical purposes Figure 12 shows the waveform definition in the...

Page 13: ...demodu lated output from an FM receiver with the expander disabled and enabled The top two traces show the unexpanded two tone signal and its spectrum as calculated by the TDS 744A FFT function The l...

Page 14: ...han nel signal is a 1000 Hz tone The composite audio signal L R is made by summing the two tones The 19 kHz pilot tone is then summed at half the amplitude of the audio tones The L R signal amplitude...

Page 15: ...s successful with the receiver separating the two tones by over 35 dB The 38 kHz sub carrier in FM broad cast is not unique Higher sub carriers are commonly used to encode specialized audio channels o...

Page 16: ...ssian distri bution In practice the AWG actually calculates a noise value by averaging 12 consecutive random numbers Thus by the central limit theorem the noise values will more closely approx imate a...

Page 17: ...e 32K point noise waveform at a 32 768 MHz sample rate is 1 ms and the exact noise waveform repeats at a rate of 1 kHz This periodicity translates into the resulting noise spectrum The ideal noise wav...

Page 18: ...series of discrete components spaced 1 kHz apart Thus even though the objective is to define signal waveforms with the minimum number of record points noise waveforms should be created with the maxim...

Page 19: ...sine wave by rounding and scaling the continuous waveform to the nearest eighth This quantized modulating pattern is then directly inserted in the phase argument of a cosine carrier Thus the phase arg...

Page 20: ...e form without the phase modula tion That is the phase argument was removed from the final equation line on the AWG in Figure 22 leaving just the expression cos 2 pi 50 x This waveform was captured se...

Page 21: ...he number of record points per data bit can be speci fied In this case each bit repeats for 32 data points requiring a record length of 16 352 points In some applications the data pattern itself is th...

Page 22: ...varying parameters such as carrier frequency offset or data rate The burst itself can be amplitude modulated with another waveform to simulate the power ramping found in many battery powered transmit...

Page 23: ...eform is the 10 690 MHz carrier multiplied by the original data pattern and the middle wave form is the 10 710 MHz carrier multiplied by the complemented pattern If the two waveforms are added bottom...

Page 24: ...the TDS 744A reference memory The lower trace is the real time product of the FSK signal and the coherent reference carrier When the data is 0 the FSK signal is at 10 710 MHz and the coherent demodul...

Page 25: ...ampli tude modulated carrier using the AWG s waveform editor The top waveform is the I pattern modu lating the 10 7 MHz cosine carrier A separate 28 symbol Q pattern was created and modulates the 10 7...

Page 26: ...16 symbols so this is 16 QAM I In I Q Modulated RF Out Discrete Q Signal Discrete I Signal Ch 2 Out Ch 1 Out AWG RF Generator Controller PC Oscilloscope DSO Q In DUT Figure 33 This block diagram shows...

Page 27: ...B where B is the filter bandwidth in Hz Figure 35 shows the implementation in the AWG s equation editor The key parameter to select is the half width This example uses a BT parameter of 0 5 where B is...

Page 28: ...will not have any discontinuities when concate nated Of course this was a selected example The general solution to insuring that a convolved pattern can be concatenated is to add extra bits to the en...

Page 29: ...the center of the symbol period Using the marker output as a data clock provides a convenient reference when characterizing the perfor mance of symbol timing recov ery circuits Careful attention was...

Page 30: ...m editor can horizontally interpolate a waveform into another record size The spread ing is implemented by using the AWG waveform editor to multi ply the spreading sequence and the modulated BPSK carr...

Page 31: ...sult the appropriate brochures and data sheets for the respective products Signal Sources brochure 11252 AWG 2005 data sheet 11372 AWG 2021 data sheet 11561 AWG 2041 data sheet 11371 AFG 2020 data she...

Page 32: ...veforms with exceptionally low distortion and high frequency agility AWG 2000 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators AWG 2041 AWG 2021 AWG 2005 Clock Rate 1 GS s 250 MS s 20 MS s Max Output Waveform Fre...

Page 33: ...bandwidth the TDS 744A is an ideal complement to the 2000 Series AWGs for wireless communications testing TDS 744A Digitizing Oscilloscope TDS 744A Bandwidth 500 MHz Input Channels 4 Sample Rate per C...

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Page 36: ...066 Austria Eastern Europe Middle East 43 1 7 0177 261 Belgium 32 2 725 96 10 Brazil and South America 55 11 3741 8360 Canada 1 800 661 5625 Denmark 45 44 850700 Finland 358 9 4783 400 France North Af...

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