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SERVICING MANUAL

FOR

ZX SPECTRUM®

• LIST OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

SECTION 2 DISASSEMBLY/ASSEMBLY

SECTION 3 SETTING UP AND SYSTEM TEST

SECTION 4 FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR

SECTION 5 PARTS LISTS

i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS i

Fig No.

ZX Spectrum Block Diagram 1.1

E x p a n s i o n RAM RAS/CAS Timing (Read Cycle shown) 1.2
Keyboard Matrix Interconnections 1.3

ZX Spectrum (Issue 2) Circuit Diagram 1.4
ZX Spectrum (Issue 3) Circuit Diagram 1.5

Keyboard Format 4.1

Speaker Load Input Waveforms 4.2
E x p a n s i o n Memory 1C Locations 4.3

Issue 3  L i n k s vs 1C  M a n u f a c t u r e r and Type 4.4

Printed Circuit Board (Issue 2) Component Layout 5.1
Printed Circuit Board (Issue 3) Component Layout 5.2
Printed  C i r c u i t Board (Issue 3B) Component Layout 5.3

Prepared by THORN  ( E M I ) DATATECH LTD
for SINCLAIR RESEARCH LTD MARCH 1984

© Sinclair Research Ltd.

( i )

Summary of Contents for ZX Spectrum

Page 1: ...ycle shown 1 2 Keyboard Matrix Interconnections 1 3 ZX Spectrum Issue 2 Circuit Diagram 1 4 ZX Spectrum Issue 3 Circuit Diagram 1 5 Keyboard Format 4 1 Speaker Load Input Waveforms 4 2 Expansion Memor...

Page 2: ...to the Issue 2 and Issue 3 Spectrums but provides a background to the Issue 1 version in the section dealing with modification history Basic knowledge of ZX SPECTRUM operating procedures is assumed a...

Page 3: ...N notices which MUST be followed by the user to ensure SAFE operation and to retain the equipment in a SAFE condition Any adjustment maintenance and repair of the opened apparatus under voltage shall...

Page 4: ...also been modified Details of these changes are highlighted where necessary in the following paragraphs and in later sections referring to fault diagnosis and repair 2 ARCHITECTURE 2 1 The architectur...

Page 5: ...w indicating when the address bus holds a valid address for a memory read or memory write operation Input Output reguest IORQ is also active low but indicates when the lower half of the address bus ho...

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Page 7: ...or machine code programs The remainder is used to hold the system variables including 6k bytes reserved for the memory mapped display area 4 4 In the 48k Spectrum an additional 32k bytes of RAM are pr...

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Page 14: ...ther a read or a write cycle 4 5 6 It is also apparent from the circuit diagram that the ULA can access RAM by generating a set of addresses independent of those generated by the CPU The address port...

Page 15: ...ia an address multiplexer IC25 IC26 For example when accessing the TI RAM the low order address bits A6 to AO give the row address AR is held low on the 3 version selecting the top half of the memory...

Page 16: ...FIG 1 2 EXPANSION RAM RAS CAS TIMING READ CYCLE SHOWN 1 7...

Page 17: ...ted colour difference signals input to IC14 are then encoded by guadrature modulating two 4 43 MHz chroma sub carriers The sub carriers are generated with the assistance of an external crystal X2 and...

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Page 19: ...AVEing programs using a cassette recorder the ULA transfers information between the MIC and EAR sockets and the data bus performing A D and D A conversions as reguired Since the LOAD and SAVE function...

Page 20: ...oard power supply unit incorporates a 7805 regulator deriving the 5V power rail and an inverter stage TR4 TR5 The latter raises the level of the 9V unregulated supply to in excess of 12V The resultant...

Page 21: ...er to improve accessibility to the board 1 3 To change either the keyboard membrane or the rubber keyboard mat it is first necessary to remove the escutcheon plate template This is attached to the cas...

Page 22: ...ard ribbon cables are not trapped between projecting components within the case In their correct positions there is sufficient room for the cables to take up a comfortably curved position inside the c...

Page 23: ...carry out the setting up procedure it is first necessary to remove the ZX SPECTRUM from the case Section 2 Assembly Disassembly For convenience the keyboard may also be disconnected 1 2 Voltage Check...

Page 24: ...er Measure the frequency and adjust trimmer TC2 if the measured frequency is outside tolerance 1 5 14 MHz Oscillator This frequency is not readily set by workinq to a specified frequency and tolerance...

Page 25: ...quires that the keyboard is connected The test should be carried out with the Spectrum connected to its own power supply 2 2 The test program exercises all of the Spectrum circuitry with the exception...

Page 26: ...Board 4 4 Modifications Issue 2 Board 4 5 32k Extension Memory 16k 48k 4 5 Hitachi vs NEC ROM 4 6 2 Fault Diagnosis 4 6 Techniques 4 6 Power Supply Unit 4 7 Initialisation 4 7 Memory Check 4 8 Keyboar...

Page 27: ...tape Double sided adhesive tape SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER Rise Time 0 02 us cm 0 to 30V d c With RECORD and PLAYBACK facilities Safebloc type General purpose Open Market Sinclair Open Market 12mm and...

Page 28: ...in the 32k extension memory The heatsink is also redesigned and is relocated at the back of the case b The Ferranti ULA type 5C102 plus spider addition replaced by ULA type 5C112 5C102 This ULA has a...

Page 29: ...equired only if the difference between white and yellow colours is inadequate e If disc capacitors are used for C41 and C49 47 nF they must be replaced by axial components f Capacitor C46 1 uF electro...

Page 30: ...te lifting is found to be a problem d See Items 1 3 g and h above 1 5 Modifications Issue 3B Board Although functionally similar to the Issue 3 board the layout differs The DC converter design has bee...

Page 31: ...cyclic operation interpretation of any waveforms on control data and address lines as being valid depends to a large extent on practical experience of the system There are however certain checks with...

Page 32: ...It is difficult to be specific in a fault finding guide because of the large variety of fault conditions which can occur but the following procedure starting with a table of checks set out in order o...

Page 33: ...This is probably best done by very carefully cutting the track to IC25 pin 16 If this operation clears the fault condition the expansion RAM will have to be further isolated In either instance the poi...

Page 34: ...re the faulty location is 43201 stops at last valid location Key in POKE 43201 85 PRINT PEEK 43201 answer A If answer A is 85 key in POKE 43201 170 PRINT PEEK 43201 answer B If answer B is anything ot...

Page 35: ...of eight keys Figure 4 1 shows the configuration Itfollowsthatifanyblockoffivekeysfailthe fault is with KB2 circuitry or the 8 way membrane and that if any block of eight keys fail the fault is with K...

Page 36: ...d TR4 base collector Remove TR4 smoke appears on shorted switch on Short persists with 1 Check TR5 and C44 TR4removed 2 Visually check track 3 Check TR4 TR4 blows again 1 Change TR4 and TR5 even thoug...

Page 37: ...Issue 1 and Issue 2 boards 3 Change IC1 4 If 5V and VIDEO INPUT correct change modulator Corrupt Paper 1 Check IC1 socket after ULA change 2 Check PWR socket is not intermittent 3 Check IC1 pin 14 for...

Page 38: ...ge that capacitor 2 Check crystal X2 3 Check change TR1 and or TR2 4 Check change IC14 Self resetting Check TR6 Random dynamic Change C54 squares Paper area too low Change IC1 Diagonal lines in Change...

Page 39: ...17 1 Check for broken track oscillatingbut 2 Change TC2 fails to tune 3 Change ICH ICH pin 17 output 1 With Sinclair logo on correct but still screen ICH pin 2 and no colour boards ICH pin 4 should b...

Page 40: ...ane KB2fault 1 Check for short on 2 or more of the 8 tracks 2 Change membrane Dead keyboard Change IC1 Wrong keyboard Change IC1 response Keyboard response Change IC1 too fast Regulator coil Coil exce...

Page 41: ...Failure messages Carry out fault finding procedure paragraph 2 2 Test Passed1 Chan5e IC1 message not flashing Reduced memory 1 Perform memory test size 2 Change IC1 Keyboard does not See keyboard faul...

Page 42: ...FIGURE 4 2 SPEAKER LOAD INPUT WAVEFORMS 4 17...

Page 43: ...d c 12V unreg 13 CHROMA SUBCARRIER 14 R F SUPPLY 15 SOUND TANK LINKED1 12V d c 16 CHROMA SUPPLY 17 CHROMA OSCILLATOR OUTPUT SQUAREWAVE 0 2 us 4V P P D C 0 8V 18 CHROMA LAG SINEWAVE BOOmV P P 2 uS d c...

Page 44: ...of the component body d The modulator should be replaced as a complete unit e When replacing plug in ICs it is advisable to use the correct removal and insertion tools Avoid contaminating the connecti...

Page 45: ...4532 3 3 LINK 4 should be fitted if IC15 IC22 are type 4532 4 3 Issue 3 Board The ICs used on this board are as follows 1C TYPE IC15 IC22 TI 4532 3 TI 4532 4 or OKI MSM3732 200 ns or 250ns IC23 74LS32...

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Page 47: ...FIGURE 4 4 ISSUE 3 LINKS vs 1C MANUFACTURER AND TYPE 4 22...

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Page 49: ...O TABLE 5 2 1 The alternative values given for R47 R49 R56 and T63 are used if the ULA fitted is Type 6C001 2 The alternative values for R48 R50 R72 and C65 are introduced to improve the colour qualit...

Page 50: ...C49 with axial types TABLE 5 1 CASE ASSEMBLY MANUFACTURER DESCRIPTION Assembled board as appropriate Table 5 2 Moulded Upper Case Moulded Lower Case Keyboard Mat Rubber Keyboard Membrane Keyboard Temp...

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Page 52: ...nF 25V 10 Ceramic C43 lOOnF lOOnF 25V 10 Ceramic C44 C45 lOOyF lOOyF 16V 10 80 Ceramic C46 1 yF 1 yF 50V 10 80 Elect C47 22 yF 22 yF 10V 10 80 Elect C48 47 nF 47 nF 25V 10 Ceramic C49 47 nF 7 47 560p...

Page 53: ...acture Reference Mod Type D1 D9 1N4148 1N4148 Signal D10 1N4148 Signal D11 D13 1N4148 1N4148 Signal D14 1N4148 4 Signal D15 BA157 BA157 Rectifier D16 5V1 5V1 Zener INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Circuit Issue 2...

Page 54: ...R35 10KO 10K R36 680R 680R R37 1KO IK R38 3K3 R39 3K3 R40 1KO R41 1KB R42 1KO 1KO R43 3KO 3KO 2 R44 5K1 BK1 2 R4B R46 1KO 1KO R47 22OR 1KO 1 1KO R48 4K7 2K2 2 2K2 R49 8K2 10KO 1 10KO RBO 8K2 4K7 2 4K7...

Page 55: ...nufacturer Part Number REG 5V regulator 7805 MOD UHF Modulator with E36 Astec vision carrier UK only UM1233 Loudspeaker 40 ohm T V Type Modulator Screen 1740 Insulator Heatsink Special Issue 2 or 3 Re...

Page 56: ...y heatsink must be used made of anything as long as it fits under regulator Circuit Diagram idealised version on centre pages shows all modific ations which should be made Note that connecting items s...

Page 57: ...by T I S Include Rank A823 CTV Chassis Philips G8 CTV Chassis Thorn 3000 3500 CTV Chassis Thorn 8000 8004 8500 8600 CTV Chassis Rank T20 20A CTV Chassis The Tunbridge McCourt T V Repair Manuals The Tu...

Page 58: ...gh temperature luf type All resistors to be changed to show the second value show in centre pages circuit diagram herein same applies to capacitors Weak sound Only if particularly noticeable should th...

Page 59: ...ow this practice has damaged machine and costing him unnecessary expenditure If this is admitted then check TR4 first then RAMS and see symptom 3 2 WONT LOAD FROM RECORDER Almost invariably this will...

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Page 62: ...wn in the middle pages In very versionst instead of TR6 a somewhat unreliable resistor diode was used which should be modified as shown in the centre pages This very unreliable circuit was used in ver...

Page 63: ...itself Use of a scope or logic probe is clearly a better alternative if available Tandy m tke a good inexpensive logic probe 4 DIRECT CHECK FOR A SINGLE FAULTY RAM Type PRINT PEEK 23732 256 PEEK 2373...

Page 64: ...If it is decided that the keyboard is worth repairing then tha diagram will show which tail is faulty according to keys in error If the entire keyboard is non functional then check the 5v supply is re...

Page 65: ...1 the most likely culprits are IC2 and IC5 neither of which are particularly reliable and it may even be worth replacing the three automatically as a fast check 12 PERMANENT I C CHECKER FOR LOGIC PROB...

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