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Noggin

Appendix D - Instrument Interference

D-1

Appendix D

Instrument Interference

Immunity regulations place the onus on instrument/apparatus/device manufacturers to assure
that extraneous interference will not unduly cause an instrument/apparatus/device to stop func-
tioning or to function in a faulty manner.

Based on independent testing house measurements, Sensors & Software Inc. systems comply
with such regulations in Canada, USA, European Community and most other jurisdictions. GPR
devices can sense electromagnetic fields. External sources of electromagnetic fields such as TV
stations, radio stations and cell phones, can cause signals detectable by a GPR which may
degrade the quality of the data that a GPR device records and displays.

Such interference is unavoidable but sensible survey practice and operation by an experienced
GPR practitioner can minimize such problems. In some geographic areas emissions from exter-
nal sources may be so large as to preclude useful measurements. Such conditions are readily
recognized and accepted by the professional geophysical community as a fundamental limitation
of geophysical survey practice. Such interference being present in the GPR recordings is not
considered as an equipment fault or as a failure to comply with immunity regulations.

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Summary of Contents for Noggin 100

Page 1: ...User s Guide Copyright 2012 Sensors Software Inc 2011 00022 02 Noggin ...

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Page 3: ... RQOLQH DW ZZZ VHQVRIW FD SURGXFW UHJLVWUDWLRQ 1DPH RPSDQ 1DPH GGUHVV LW 6WDWH 3URYLQFH LS RGH RXQWU H PDLO 3KRQH D RPSRQHQW 6HULDO 1XPEHUV UHIHU WR SDFNLQJ OLVW RU RQ WKH HOORZ VWLFNHU RQ WKH FRPSRQHQW RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO RPS 6HULDO 1DPH RI YHQGRU DWH 5HFHLYHG ...

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Page 5: ...cense Agreement SSI grants to you the Licensee a non exclu sive right to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT under the following conditions You may use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on a single workstation owned leased or otherwise controlled by you copy the SOFTWARE PRODUCT for backup purposes in support of your use of the product on a single worksta tion You may not copy distribute or sell copies of the SOFTWARE PR...

Page 6: ...ly you and not SSI or its dealers distributors agents or employees assume the entire cost of all necessary servicing repair or correction SSI s entire liability and your exclusive remedy for SOFTWARE PRODUCT shall be at SSI s option either the replacement of any diskette or hardware components which do not meet SSI s Limited Warranty and which are returned to SSI postage prepaid with a copy of the...

Page 7: ...er of the right to subsequent enforcement of its rights or actions in the event of subsequent breaches by the other party ACKNOWLEDGEMENT You acknowledge that you have read this agreement understand it and agree to be bound by its terms and condi tions You further agree that this agreement is the complete and exclusive statement of agreement between the parties and supersedes all proposals or prio...

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Page 9: ... 3 1 Separation Bar Assembly 12 5 4 Attaching the Swivel Adapters Noggin 250 500 1000 13 5 5 Attaching the Noggin to the SmartCart 14 5 5 1 Noggin 250 14 5 5 2 Noggin 500 Noggin 1000 15 5 5 3 Noggin 100 16 5 6 Noggin Cable Connection 17 5 7 Attach the Digital Video Logger DVL 18 5 8 DVL Cable Connection 18 5 9 Attach the Battery Unit 19 5 10 Adding GPS Mount to the SmartCart 20 6 SmartTow Configur...

Page 10: ...mperatures 46 10 3 Running a DVL Detached from a Smart System 46 10 4 DVL Carrier 47 11Powering Up the System 48 12Locate Mark Mode 51 12 1 System Settings Screen 51 12 1 1 Scan 51 12 1 2 Language 51 12 1 3 Units 52 12 1 4 Scale 52 12 1 5 Date 53 12 1 6 Time 53 12 1 7 Odometer Calibration 54 12 1 8 Exit 55 12 1 9 System Information 55 12 2 Scanning Screen 56 12 3 Locating Screen 58 12 3 1 Locating...

Page 11: ...ings Screen Menu 70 12 6 2 Scanning Screen 71 12 6 3 Locating Screen Menu 71 12 6 4 Image Settings Screen Menu 72 12 6 5 Date and Time Menus 72 12 7 Viewing Images on a PC 73 13Survey Map Mode 74 13 1 Survey Map Menu 75 13 1 1 Line 75 13 1 2 Grid 76 13 1 3 Setup 76 13 1 4 File Management 77 13 1 5 Run without Saving Data 77 13 1 6 Utilities 77 13 1 7 Set Storage Drive 77 13 1 8 Return 77 13 2 Data...

Page 12: ...tton 87 13 2 10Calib Calibration Menu 88 13 2 10 1 Hyperbola Matching 88 13 2 10 2 Identifying Air Reflections 90 13 2 10 3 Target of Known Depth 91 13 2 11Gain 92 13 2 12Filter 93 13 2 13Error Messages 93 13 3 Noggin Setup 94 13 3 1 System Parameters 94 13 3 1 1 Depth 94 13 3 1 2 Velocity 95 13 3 1 3 Depth Units 95 13 3 1 4 Noggin System 96 13 3 1 5 Stacks 96 13 3 1 6 Linear Time Gain 97 13 3 1 7...

Page 13: ... Deleting Data on the DVL 118 13 4 3 Copy Internal to Removable 118 13 4 4 Transferring Noggin Data to a PC using the Removable Drive 119 13 4 5 Viewing Data Files on the External Computer 119 13 5 Noggin Utilities 120 13 5 1 Time and Date 120 13 5 2 Odometer Calibration 120 13 5 3 System Information 121 13 5 4 DVL Recording Space 121 14Troubleshooting 122 14 1 Power Supply 122 14 2 System Communi...

Page 14: ...B Health Safety Certification 1 Appendix C GPR Emissions Interference and Regulations 1 C 1 FCC Regulations USA 2 C 2 ETSI Regulations for the EC European Community 6 C 3 Industry Canada Regulations English 7 Appendix D Instrument Interference 1 Appendix E Safety Around Explosive Devices 1 Appendix F GPR Glossaries 1 F 1 Basic GPR Terms 1 F 2 Common GPR Terms 2 F 3 Advanced GPR Terms 3 ...

Page 15: ...nfigurations available Base SmartCart SmartHandle SmartTow and the Rock Noggin This manual describes the assembly of each Noggin configuration how to set survey parameters and how to run the system to collect data in lines or grids Each Smart System s Digital Video Logger DVL comes with the embedded software to acquire data and replay data files Data management software allows the data to be trans...

Page 16: ...d 1000 The name reflects the center frequency of the GPR signals in MHz The basic configuration and key components of the Noggin 250 500 and 1000 are shown in Figure 2 1 and Figure 2 2 The key components of the Noggin 100 are shown in Figure 2 3 Figure 2 1 Noggin components Figure 2 2 Location of the Noggin transducers ...

Page 17: ...Noggin 2 Noggin Components 3 Figure 2 3 Noggin 100 components ...

Page 18: ...Hz antennas about 0 5 meters apart with the mounting blocks facing up Figure 3 1 Noggin 100 assembly of electronics to antenna Place one end of the Noggin 100 electronics module over one of the antennas and press downward until it is seated Figure 3 2 Connecting the electronics to the 100 MHz antenna The 2 brass sockets in the bottom of the electronics mate with the 2 brass pins in the antenna mou...

Page 19: ...re using the electronics to the antenna using the 2 plastic latches Figure 3 3 Latching the electronics to the antenna Do the same to connect the electronics to the second antenna See the complete assembly of the Noggin 100 in Figure 2 3 ...

Page 20: ...a Noggin 500 is shown but any Noggin 100 250 500 or 1000 could be included The assembled system is shown in Figure 4 2 Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration Figure 4 1 Base Noggin 500 system components Figure 4 2 Base Noggin system assembled Noggin DVL Belt Battery Battery Connection DVL Connection Cable Noggin Connection ...

Page 21: ...he AC power supply Noggin Connection Connect the 37 pin D connector on the black cable to the 37 socket D connector on the Noggin Use the latch to secure this connection DVL Connection Attach the end of the DVL to Noggin cable with the 37 socket D connector to the 37 pin receptacle on the back of the DVL This attachment can be secured by tightening the latch underneath ...

Page 22: ...ary for data acquisition in Free Run or Button modes 13 3 2 2 p 98 This configuration is appropriate for 1 special or unusual GPR applications that require a customized data acquisition platform fabricated by the customer or a third party 2 time lapse data collection to monitor changes in the subsurface at one location over time The base configuration is often augmented with handles and odometer w...

Page 23: ...250 500 and 1000 The fully assembled Noggin 250 in the SmartCart configuration is shown in Figure 5 1 The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5 2 Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration Figure 5 1 Fully assembled SmartCart with a Noggin 250 Figure 5 2 Noggin 250 SmartCart left and Noggin 100 SmartCart right in operation ...

Page 24: ...Clevis pin from the handle support arm Raise the handle support arm and then the handle and place the open end of the T shaped tube on the handle onto the end of the support arm Step 1 Then lock the handle into position by lining up the hole in the support arm with the hole in the T shaped tube and inserting the handle Clevis pin Step 2 When folding the SmartCart back up always ensure the handle f...

Page 25: ...eel is too loose the odometer wheel may slip resulting in erroneous position measurements If the odometer wheel seems loose use a inch Allen hexagonal wrench to loosen the screws on the side of the odometer and pivot the entire odometer unit until the small odometer wheel makes good contact with the side of the cart wheel Figure 5 6 Then tighten the screws to lock the odometer wheel in this positi...

Page 26: ...nd insert are not perfectly aligned the thumb screw will bind after only half a turn and will damage the insert by cross threading it As well if the thumb screw is forced to turn it will also be damaged If this occurs the only way to correct this problem is to then run a 10 32 tap through the insert to re tap the hole Figure 5 7 The separation bars are attached to the SmartCart to carry the Noggin...

Page 27: ...ave been attached to the Noggin at the factory If not follow the instructions below Set the swivel adapter down on the post It may be necessary to loosen the Allen hexagonal screw before the swivel adapter will slide down into the proper position This can be done using the 1 8 Allen hexagonal wrench provided Now tighten each screw and then loosen turn so that the swivel adapters are firmly attache...

Page 28: ...art so that the cable on the cart will reach the receptacle 5 5 1 Noggin 250 Remove the Clevis pins from the swivel adapters Now on the bottom of the cart locate the 4 oval moveable hangers suspended from the frame of the cart see Figure 5 9 Notice that each hanger has a hole in it To attach the Noggin 250 to the cart place each hanger into the slot on the top of the swivel adapters line up the ho...

Page 29: ...able crossbars suspended from the separation bars Notice that each crossbar has 2 holes one on each side To attach the Noggin 500 to the cart place the crossbars into the slots on the top of the swivel adapters line up the holes and insert the Clevis pins Figure 5 10 Figure 5 10 Attaching the Noggin 500 and Noggin 1000 to the cart Crossbar with hole Clevis Pin Swivel Adapter ...

Page 30: ...he SmartCart over the Noggin 100 aligning the antenna post blocks on the frame with the antenna mounting posts on the 100 MHz antennas Ensure the 37 socket cable connection on the Noggin 100 electronics faces the back handle end of the SmartCart Figure 5 11 After attaching the separation bars place the SmartCart over the Noggin 100 system with the 8 antenna mounting posts inserted in the post bloc...

Page 31: ...this will cause noise in the data If it is not already attached connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the Noggin end of the Noggin to DVL cable For the Noggin 100 this connection requires use of a short odometer extension cable Use the velcro straps to route the cable along the frame keeping it away from the electronics and the antennas Figure 5 13 Connecting the Noggin to DVL cab...

Page 32: ...e it is firmly snapped in before letting go of the unit To remove the DVL from the SmartCart flex the clip downward as the DVL is slid forward off of the shelf Figure 5 14 Attaching the digital video logger DVL Step 1 Depress flexible clip Step 2 Slide DVL onto shelf The DVL can be pivoted to adjust the view angle If it is difficult to pivot the DVL slightly loosen the hand screws on the bottom of...

Page 33: ...area without moving To secure the battery onto the cart put the straps provided over the battery unit and lock into place with the plastic buckle Tighten the straps if necessary Figure 5 15 The SmartCart battery Note the battery mass forms part of the overall cart balance which enables users to raise the front wheels with a minimum amount of force This allows users to easily change direction and a...

Page 34: ...16 This bracket can be modified by the user to hold other types of GPS units Any GPS unit with a serial output can be attached to the serial port on the back of the DVL and GPS information logged during data collection 9 p 44 For more details about configuring the GPS with a Noggin system see 13 3 5 p 112 Figure 5 16 SmartCart system with the optional GPS mounting bracket ...

Page 35: ...figuration is shown in Figure 6 1 The system is shown in field operation in Figure 6 2 Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration Figure 6 1 Noggin 100 SmartTow configuration Figure 6 2 Noggin 100 SmartTow configuration in use Note the belt battery for power and DVL carrier for conve niently carrying the DVL in the field The cable runs from the electronics housing and up the handle ...

Page 36: ...r brackets shown below while the SmartCart separation bars requires 2 frame ends Do not be alarmed when you have extra pieces after assembly Figure 6 3 The Noggin 100 SmartTow frame parts left and assembled right Ensure the antenna post blocks face outward before assembling The pieces are connected using the 4 thumb screws as shown in the figure below The Handle and Big Wheel odometer are not conn...

Page 37: ... 100 MHz antennas Ensure the 37 socket cable connection on the Noggin 100 electronics faces the odometer end of the frame and NOT the handle end Figure 6 5 Place the SmartTow frame over the Noggin 100 system with the 8 antenna mounting posts inserted in the post blocks Ensure the 37 socket connection on the Noggin 100 faces the odometer wheel Figure 6 6 Secure the SmartTow frame to the Noggin 100 ...

Page 38: ...stresses on the cable during data collection Connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the Noggin end of the Noggin to DVL cable Again use the velcro straps to route the odometer cable keeping it away from the electronics and the antennas Figure 6 7 Figure 6 7 Connect the Noggin to DVL cable to the Noggin 100 electronics with the latch The yellow odometer cable connects to the small r...

Page 39: ...in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 6 1 The system is shown in field operation in Figure 6 2 Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration Figure 6 8 Noggin 250 SmartTow system Figure 6 9 Noggin 250 SmartTow in operation Note the belt battery used to power the system ...

Page 40: ...ect the large black cable to the Noggin 37 pin female connector and latch into place ensuring the cable lies on top of the back SmartTow Bracket Assembly The large odometer wheel attaches to the back SmartTow Bracket closest to the Noggin connector Orient the odometer so the small yellow wheel is on the upper rim of the large wheel Secure the odometer T bar with the U brackets and pins Make sure t...

Page 41: ...er calibration is critical for accurate data images Odometer calibration instructions are available in 13 5 2 p 120 Attach the handle to the front SmartTow Bracket Assembly with the U brackets and pins The black cable should lie between the SmartTow Bracket and the handle Secure the cable along the side of the handle using 2 or 3 Velcro straps ...

Page 42: ...and 1000 The fully assembled Noggin 1000 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 6 10 Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration The Noggin 500 SmartTow system is assembled similarly Figure 6 10 Noggin 1000 in the SmartTow configuration ...

Page 43: ...s on one of the SmartTow Brackets with the two mounting posts on one side of the Noggin press down firmly and secure with the short metal pins Then attach the second SmartTow bracket to the other side of the Noggin and secure with the short metal pins SmartTow Long Pins Short Pins U Brackets Brackets Short Pins SmartTow Brackets ...

Page 44: ...oggin away from the 37 socket cable connection Connect the large black Noggin to DVL cable to the 37 socket connector on the Noggin and latch into place ensuring the cable is looped to provide some slack and it is routed along the top of the SmartTow bracket Secure the cable to the bracket and along the side of the handle using 2 or 3 Velcro straps U Brackets Long Pins Handle Velcro Strap ...

Page 45: ... the odometer receptacle on the Noggin cable connection Ensure the black Noggin to DVL cable turns to the front of the Noggin so it does not interfere with the odometer wheel Then connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the connector to the Noggin Loop the odometer cable so it does not interfere with the rotation of the odometer wheel and use velcro straps to secure it to the T bar ...

Page 46: ... 1000 SmartHandle system looks very similar Figure 7 1 Noggin 500 SmartHandle system Normally the SmartHandle system is used in the push configuration shown in Figure 7 1 In some situations the pull configuration may be a more desirable Figure 7 7 shows the SmartHandle system in this configuration Note that most Noggin SmartHandle systems come from the factory partially assembled with the odometer...

Page 47: ...e Noggin 1000 top and Noggin 500 bottom Figure 7 3 Connect the 37 pin connector on the Noggin to DVL cable to the 37 socket receptacle on the Noggin unit by tightening the latch Figure 7 4 On the Noggin to DVL cable note the round receptacle on the back of the connector that attaches to the Noggin unit Connect the yellow odometer cable to this round receptacle ...

Page 48: ... Insert the four quick release pins to secure the handle Figure 7 6 The full length SmartHandle is shown in Figure 7 1 The SmartHandle can be shortened by removing the center handle section using the thumb screws Use the Velcro straps to secure the cable onto the SmartHandle ensuring there is excess cable near the connection at the Noggin to allow the SmartHandle to pivot up and down without strai...

Page 49: ...ections one to the Noggin sensor one to the DVL and one to the power supply battery or AC Noggin Connection The first connection was done in Figure 7 3 above that is the 37 pin connector on the cable was attached to the 37 socket connector on the Noggin A latch was used to secure this connection From the Noggin the DVL to Sensor Cable runs up the side of the SmartHandle Use the Velcro straps to se...

Page 50: ...mbly Noggin 500 1000 only Assembly of the Rock Noggin system for both the Noggin 500 and the Noggin 1000 is described in this section The Rock Noggin 500 system is shown in Figure 8 1 The Rock Noggin 1000 system looks very similar when assembled Figure 8 1 The Rock Noggin system left and in use right ...

Page 51: ...r system is already partially assembled skip to Figure 8 11 Detailed assembly starts at Figure 8 4 A fully assembled Rock Noggin system is shown in Figure 8 15 Figure 8 2 A Rock Noggin system in its shipping case Figure 8 3 The Rock Noggin system components after removal from the shipping case From left to right are the belt battery the Noggin already attached to the frame and the Digital Video Lo...

Page 52: ...The Rock Noggin system disassembled into its basic components and ready for assembly More details of each component are given in the figures below Figure 8 5 The Rock Noggin cable The 4 connections are for the Noggin the Digital Video Logger DVL the trigger button and the battery ...

Page 53: ...the Noggin see Figure 8 8 Figure 8 7 The Rock Noggin frame On the bottom of the right handle note the grey speaker that is used to sound an audible tone as data are collected Also on the underside of the right handle note that Smart button not visible in this view used to collect data The frame is attached to the Noggin using the 4 metal pins shown see below The Dig ital Video Logger DVL clips ont...

Page 54: ...4 mounting posts on the top of the Noggin shown in Figure 8 6 Push the frame down until it cannot go any further The Noggin should be oriented such that the 37 socket receptacle on the Noggin is on the same side as the SmartButton on the frame Figure 8 9 Secure the frame to the Noggin by pushing the 4 metal pins into the holes on the frame as shown Metal Pins ...

Page 55: ...helf attached to the Rock Noggin frame see Figure 8 11 Line up the bottom of the Digital Video Logger with the shelf and slide it back onto the shelf Push the Digital Video Logger back far enough so that the flexible clip on the front of the shelf catches and holds the Digital Video Logger firmly in place Wiggle the DVL to make sure it is firmly snapped in before letting go of the unit To remove t...

Page 56: ...of the grey cable to the receptacle on the handle at the back of the frame This recep tacle is adjacent to the Smart button Figure 8 13 Attach the end of the cable with the 37 socket female connection to the back of the Digital Video Log ger DVL Use a slotted screwdriver to tighten the connection ...

Page 57: ...figuration Assembly Noggin 500 1000 only 43 Figure 8 14 The last connection on the cable is a cylindrical 4 pin connector for the battery Figure 8 15 The Rock Noggin system is now completely assembled and ready to be turned on ...

Page 58: ... the GPR data 13 3 5 p 112 Figure 9 1 GPS connect to the back of the DVL using a serial connection GPS supplied with the system usually come with the optional battery splitter cable to power the GPS from the battery The GPS requires power user supplied GPS s will need to be powered using a separate battery GPS supplied by Sensors Software come with a battery splitter cable to allow the 12 Volt sys...

Page 59: ...e top of the DVL swing the door open and press the button to eject the drive Figure 10 1 The DVL has a removable compact flash drive for data storage The DVL comes with a removable compact flash drive but the user has the option to purchase additional drives for data storage It is best to purchase an industrial grade compact flash drive Normal compact flash drives work but the higher the transfer ...

Page 60: ...a Smart System the DVL is powered by the system battery It is possible to detach the DVL from the Smart System and power it independently to review data There are 2 ways to power the DVL away from the Smart System 1 The optional DVL to Power Supply Cable 100 52 0029 allows the user to power the DVL away from the Smart System using the system battery The cable connects the battery to the 9 socket c...

Page 61: ...bottom of the DVL with the shelf and slide it back onto the shelf Push the DVL back far enough so that the flexible clip on the front of the shelf catches and holds the DVL firmly in place Wiggle the DVL to make sure it is firmly snapped in before letting go of the unit To remove the DVL from the DVL Carrier flex the clip downward as the DVL is slid forward off of the shelf Figure 10 2 The DVL and...

Page 62: ...DVL cable to the receptacle on the side of the battery The upper red LED light on the DVL panel should be lit If the battery voltage is low the light will flash for about 30 seconds and go out If the light flashes or does not appear check the connections and make sure the battery is fully charged see 15 1 p 126 for more information on battery care The voltage indicator can be helpful for identifyi...

Page 63: ...temperature range and visibility in sunlight Visibility can be a major problem with viewing GPR data displays outdoors and considerable effort has been expended on getting a readily visible outdoor display Brightness The yellow Brightness control arrows are used to increase and decrease the screen brightness For example increasing the Brightness setting may improve the visibility of the screen whe...

Page 64: ...enu system see the Smart Systems manual Pressing the 5 button will turn the DVL off This screen also displays the following information Battery Voltage The system will shut down when the battery voltage reaches about 10 2 Volts see 15 1 p 126 for more details on the battery Temperature The internal temperature of the DVL is displayed on this screen in Cel sius and Fahrenheit Software Version The v...

Page 65: ...ocessing using PC based software Locate Mark mode requires a Noggin system with an odometer wheel It is not possible to collect data with a Trigger Method of Free Run or Button Selecting Locate Mark from the main menu will display the System Settings screen 12 1 System Settings Screen 12 1 1 Scan Press the Scan button to start scanning 12 2 p 56 12 1 2 Language Select the language for the menus Cu...

Page 66: ...tion Axis Depth Axis and Depth Indicator can be either Meters or Feet 12 1 4 Scale The Scale button toggles to four different Scale options 1 Lines means Depth Lines are plotted on the data image to assist with determining the depth of targets also see 12 3 p 58 ...

Page 67: ...eans both Depth Lines and Values are plotted on the data image 4 Off means no Depth Lines and Values are plotted on the data image 12 1 5 Date Opens the Date Screen to change the current date 12 5 p 69 Images are saved with this date 12 1 6 Time Opens the Time Screen to change the current date 12 5 p 69 Images are saved with this time ...

Page 68: ... the units 12 1 3 p 52 The default length is 10 meters or 30 feet Set the GPR system at the starting position and press 8 2 Move the system the calibration distance a red line rotates as you move to indicate that the odometer is turning Then press 8 3 This screen displays the new and old calibration values Press 8 to accept the new calibration value or press 1 to cancel out of the calibration and ...

Page 69: ...e is also an option to Return to Locate Mark mode Return or restore the system to factory default settings Def 12 1 9 System Information The top of the Systems Setting Screen displays the serial number of the GPR sensor the software version number the GPR Sensor frequency in MHz and the current battery voltage ...

Page 70: ... on the horizontal axis at the top while the depth is displayed on the vertical axis The position and depth axes units are meters or feet depending on the units set in the Systems Setting Screen Section 12 1 3 If the Scale or Both option is selected Section 12 1 3 horizontal depth lines appear on the image to assist with determining the depth of targets Approximately 16 meters or 50 feet of data i...

Page 71: ...he Compact Flash card inserted into the DVL 10 1 p 45 the image number appears on the bottom of the screen with a message to press any button to continue A message will appear on the screen if there is no Compact Flash card in the DVL Images are only saved when a card is present See 12 7 p 73 for information on viewing the data images on a PC Pressing the Pause button opens the Image Settings Scre...

Page 72: ...cation at the center of the GPR sensor As the cart is pulled backwards the Position Indicator moves to indicate the current location of the cart in the image Depth Indicator Horizontal cross hair found at the peak of the soil type indicator hyperbola indicating the depth The Depth Indicator moves up or down using the Hyperbola Up and Down buttons Indicator Hyperbola Idealized representation of a h...

Page 73: ...ed responses on the GPR image Hyperbolas occur because GPR energy does not travel into the ground as a pencil thin beam but more like a 3D cone Reflections can appear on the record even though the object is not directly below the GPR sensor Thus the GPR sensor sees the pipe before and after going over top of it and forms an hyperbolic response on the image Cross long linear targets like pipes or c...

Page 74: ...ferably a deep one with long tails because this provides the most accurate soil type calibration 2 Use the Up and Down Arrows to move the Indicator Hyperbola shallower or deeper in the GPR image respectively until it lies overtop of the target hyperbola 3 Press the Soil Type button and toggle through the five different soil types to find the one that roughly fits the shape of the Indicator Hyperbo...

Page 75: ... With the target response visible on the image use the Up and Down Arrows to move the Depth Indicator and Indicator Hyperbola until it lies on top of the GPR response of the known target 2 Use the Wide and Narrow Hyperbola buttons to change the shape of the Indicator Hyperbola until the depth of the target displayed in the bottom left corner of the screen is correct 3 Once the depth is matched sav...

Page 76: ...nize these unwanted air targets and differentiate them from the targets in the ground One way of identifying air reflections is to use the target hyperbola method described above However hyperbolas from above ground objects are wider than objects in the ground and out of the range of the maximum Soil Type Therefore if the widest Indicator Hyperbola is still not wide enough to match the target hype...

Page 77: ...esume Scanning press the Scan button or the A Pause button again The Scanning Screen returns at the current location with the position information preserved If while paused in the Image Settings Screen the GPR system has moved more than a few centimeters when scanning is restarted a gap called a Position Break will appear in the image The position break is also indicated by a message on the bottom...

Page 78: ...n the display 12 4 3 Color GPR images are displayed in colors corresponding to a color palette In general stronger GPR signals appear in stronger colors A number of different color palettes are available to display the image Some color palettes may show the target better than others ...

Page 79: ... and making deeper targets appear stronger in the image The Gain varies from 1 to 9 with 1 being no gain and 9 being the maximum gain As the Gain changes the current image on the display updates so it is not necessary to re collect an image with a different gain setting Use the lowest gain setting that shows the targets Try to avoid over gaining as understanding the image may become more difficult...

Page 80: ... reflections and hyperbolas usually caused by targets It can also assist in identifying very shallow targets that might be masked by the strong signals at the top of the image The Filter defaults to ON so if you are looking for a layer or other flat lying target turn the Filter OFF The image below shows the same scan with the Filter OFF and ON ...

Page 81: ...aximum depth setting is based on the Noggin frequency The approximate maximum depth settings are Noggin 100 16 meters or 50 feet Noggin 250 8 meters or 25 feet Noggin 500 4 meters or 12 feet Noggin 1000 2 meters or 6 feet The system always collects data to the maximum depth but the Depth setting on this menu determines how much of the data is displayed on the screen Therefore it is possible to sca...

Page 82: ...12 Locate Mark Mode Noggin 68 12 4 7 Quit Exits the Scanning and Image Settings Screens and returns to the Systems Settings Screen ...

Page 83: ...on The Time option is similar Use the Left and Right Arrow buttons to highlight the number to change in red Increase the number using the Up Arrow and decrease the number using the Down Arrow Pressing OK saves the new date or time and exits the screen Pressing Cancel exits the screen without saving the date or time ...

Page 84: ...12 Locate Mark Mode Noggin 70 12 6 English and Equivalent Icons 12 6 1 System Settings Screen Menu Table 1 System Settings Screen Menu ...

Page 85: ...Noggin 12 Locate Mark Mode 71 12 6 2 Scanning Screen 12 6 3 Locating Screen Menu Table 2 Table 3 Locating Screen Move Hyperbola Up Move Hyperbola Down Widen Hyperbola Narrow Hyperbola ...

Page 86: ...12 Locate Mark Mode Noggin 72 12 6 4 Image Settings Screen Menu 12 6 5 Date and Time Menus Table 4 Table 5 Next Field Previous Field Increase Number Decrease Number ...

Page 87: ...w folder Figure 12 2 Locate Mark data images saved to the removable drive are easily transferred to a PC First power down the DVL then i loosen both of the finger screws on the top of the DVL so the drive door can swing open freely ii Press the button to partially eject the compact flash drive iii Remove the drive and insert it into a PC card reader user supplied Copy the image data folders from t...

Page 88: ... is designed for data collection of GPR lines and grids where the data will usually be transferred to a PC for post processing and display using software programs like EKKO_View and EKKO_Mapper Selecting Survey Map mode from the main menu opens the following screen ...

Page 89: ...g the A button from the Survey Map menu takes the user to Line data collection This menu allows the user to select a project number 0 9 and line number to save each data file to 0 99 Data files from the same area can be organized and saved under a project number selected by the user As each individual line is collected it is given a number By default the lines number increment sequentially but the...

Page 90: ...Sensors Software provides a product called EasyGrid to make laying out an accurate grid simple Contact Sensors Software for more details The Grid menu allows the user to select a grid number 0 9 and line number to save each data file to 0 99 Before the data acquisition on a grid begins the user must define the size of the area to be surveyed the direction of the survey lines and line spacing The d...

Page 91: ...DVL GPS information can be logged to a file even when the Noggin data are not being saved 13 3 5 p 112 13 1 6 Utilities This menu has utility programs to a Change the Date and Time on the DVL 13 5 1 p 120 b Calibrate the odometer see 13 5 2 p 120 c List or print or transfer system information to assist Sensors Software in troubleshooting problems with your system 13 5 3 p 121 and d Determine how m...

Page 92: ...actors as temperature and battery voltage Once this boot up has been completed data acquisition can begin For subsequent lines there is only a short delay before data acquisition can begin Data acquisition is done by moving the Smart System along the survey line During data acquisition the Gain button is dynamic and the screen display of the signal can be changed on the go 13 2 6 p 81 When the sur...

Page 93: ...n contains the actual data and the bottom section contains the menu 13 2 3 Position Information The top section contains horizontal spatial positioning information in feet or meters depending on the position units setting 13 3 1 7 p 97 13 2 4 Data Display The data image displays the actual data collected or replayed The image also contains the Depth Lines and any Fiducial Markers the user enters S...

Page 94: ... the current arrow location by pressing the A button The position and name of the object encountered at each marker can be recorded in a field notebook The fiducial marker is written to the trace header of the next trace to be collected Fiducial markers are numbered sequentially F1 F2 etc When the data are transferred to a PC and reviewed these markers can assist with data interpretation If a GPS ...

Page 95: ...13 3 5 p 112 13 2 6 Total Distance Per Screen The total distance that can be displayed on one screen varies depending on the Noggin system Station Interval 13 3 3 3 p 103 and Plot Interval 13 3 3 4 p 106 The DVL screen is 640 pixels wide As the Station Interval increases the distance between data traces increases and the total distance per screen increases As the Plot Interval increases the total ...

Page 96: ...ach data trace is plotted as a vertical strip called a trace on the screen see Figure 13 1 The width of this trace also called the Plot Interval can be changed to 1 2 4 or 8 pixels 13 3 3 4 p 106 The normal Plot Interval for Noggin 100 and Noggin 250 traces is 2 pixels The normal Plot Interval for Noggin 500 and Noggin 1000 traces is 1 pixel The odometer units that appear across the top of the scr...

Page 97: ...in 13 2 7 2 Skipping Traces by Moving too Fast On the lower part of the data acquisition screen beside the current total number of traces collected is the total number of traces skipped If the Smart System is being used with the odometer and is moved too quickly for the Noggin system to keep up traces are skipped and the quality of the survey is reduced The skipped traces do not actually create ga...

Page 98: ...g Noggin Data Collection Speed in Free Run In Free Run mode the user can control the speed the Noggin collects data by increasing or decreasing the number of stacks 13 3 1 5 p 96 Increasing the number of Stacks has the effect of slowing down the data collection speed of the Noggin system Decreasing the number of Stacks has the effect of speeding up the data collection speed The user can also contr...

Page 99: ...r Method to Free Run and the Trace Delay to zero 0 0 seconds 13 3 2 2 p 98 3 Set the number of Stacks to 32 13 3 1 5 p 96 4 Without moving the system using a stopwatch time the system to collect and save data in Line Mode 13 1 1 p 75 for 120 seconds 2 minutes and pause the data collection 5 Record the number of traces that were collected in the 120 second time period This will be visible on the bo...

Page 100: ...t any ground distance This means that the position values displayed in Section A at the top of the data image 13 2 3 p 79 are not correct When running the system in Free Run mode it is best to set the Position Units 13 3 1 7 p 97 to meters and the Station Interval 13 3 3 3 p 103 to a value of 1 0 meter Then the position values appearing on the top of the data image can be interpreted as trace numb...

Page 101: ...per Trigger is connected to the system it beeps as each trace is collected The length of the beep will depend on the number of stacks the more stacks the longer it takes to collect a trace and therefore the longer the beep When the Smart System is used in Button Mode it is up to the user to keep track of positioning by some other method for example using a measuring tape fiducial markers 13 2 4 2 ...

Page 102: ... 95 13 2 10 1Hyperbola Matching The most accurate way of determining the velocity of the material being scanned is to use the hyperbola fitting method because it extracts the velocity using data collected in the area This method may not work in all situations because it depends on having a good quality hyperbola or inverted U in the data A hyperbola is the characteristic GPR response from a small ...

Page 103: ...stance press the up button followed by the REPEAT button The hyperbola will then start moving upward without having to press any more buttons When it gets close to the desired location press any button to stop it and then use the up down left and right buttons to fine tune the position The REPEAT button can also be used after pressing the wider or narrower button a b Figure 13 3 Hyperbola matching...

Page 104: ...g air reflections is to use the hyperbola fitting method If the object is in air the radar velocity will be 0 3 m ns or 0 984 ft ns and will be much faster than if it is in the ground v 0 1 m ns or 0 328 ft ns Figure 13 4 Hyperbola matching can be used to identify reflections from objects that are not in the subsurface but are from objects above ground If the hyperbola matching velocity is near th...

Page 105: ...ue is the one used for all subsequent data acquisition a b Figure 13 5 Using a target of known depth to extract velocity After selecting CALIB choosing the known depth but ton a circle with a horizontal line through it will superimpose a horizontal line on the data a Using the depth buttons this line can then be moved up or down until it lies on top of the Noggin response to the known target b The...

Page 106: ... value can be used If the target is deeper or if the screen seems to be blank or speckled in the lower part of the data section increase the gain setting Remember however that if the Noggin signal is not penetrating to the maximum depth setting even the maximum gain setting will not show any data Figure 13 6 shows the effect of the gain setting The data on the left has a gain of 1 incrementing to ...

Page 107: ...sary to collect the survey line again in order to apply the filter 13 2 13 Error Messages If an error occurs during data acquisition an error message will appear in the bottom left section of the data acquisition screen Note the message number exit the program and turn off the Digital Video Logger Make sure the cables are not damaged and that all cable connections are tightly secured Sometimes vib...

Page 108: ...to probe in to the subsurface It is important to realize that the depth setting is an estimated value that is dependent on the velocity of the material being probed Ground penetrating radar systems record the time for a radio wave to travel to a target and back They do not measure the depth to that target directly The depth to a target is calculated based on the velocity at which the wave travels ...

Page 109: ...rs per nanosecond m ns If units are feet then velocities will appear in feet per nanosecond ft ns To change Depth Units see 13 3 1 3 p 95 The Noggin will accept units in meters nanosecond or feet nanosecond depending on the Depth Units setting 13 3 1 3 Depth Units This is the setting for the units of the horizontal depth lines that appear on the screen The available settings are meters feet or nan...

Page 110: ... noise on a TV screen with no station in the area tends to zero when averaged Consequently the usable signal is easier to see This is known as increasing the signal to noise ratio Figure 13 7 The concept of stacking data At each data location point the trace is collected multiple times These traces are averaged together to calculate the trace that is actually saved Stacking improves the data quali...

Page 111: ...tions moving the system at a comfortable speed stacks enough to generate data of good quality In situations where target resolution or maximum penetration depth is critical moving slower increases the number of stacks and increases the data quality The DynaQ information for each data line is written to the header HD file 13 3 1 6 Linear Time Gain As described in 13 2 6 p 81 the weak signals must b...

Page 112: ...p 82 will work in the direction opposite to this setting The available options are 1 Push default 2 Pull 13 3 2 2 Trigger Method This setting determines the method used to trigger the Smart System to collect data at each data collection point The available options are 1 Odometer 2 Free Run 3 Button Odometer Selecting this option means that the Smart System will be triggered to collect data using t...

Page 113: ... than zero 0 0 seconds will cause it to emit a beeping sound to indicate data collection is taking place The user can also control the speed the Noggin collects data by increasing or decreasing the number of stacks 13 3 1 5 p 96 Increasing the number of Stacks has the effect of slowing down the data collection speed of the Noggin system Decreasing the number of Stacks has the effect of speeding up...

Page 114: ...stem will automatically boot up and be ready for data acquisition rather than having the Start button appear This prevents the user from having to press the Start button at the start of every new line This setting is especially useful when collecting numerous lines as occurs when collecting grid data If Auto Start is set to OFF the user must press the Start button to begin data acquisition for eac...

Page 115: ...System If a SmartCart System is being used select one of the two SmartCart odometers usually 1 If a SmartHandle system is being used select one of the two SmartHandle odometers usually 1 If the system is being towed behind a vehicle and using the transmission odometer to trigger the system select one of the two Vehicle odometers usually 1 The odometers labelled Other are to be used in future confi...

Page 116: ... will be collected either Forward or Reverse Data are usually collected in a forward direction If data are collected in the Forward direction the position station Interval is positive that is the position value of each data collection point increments positively For example for a Noggin 250 system if the Start Position is 10 0 and the Line Direction is Forward the positions on the line will increm...

Page 117: ...rval to ensure that data traces are collected over the target Conversely if the target is very large or is a flat lying feature it is probably not necessary to collect a lot of traces over the target in fact sometimes this can make the target more difficult to see in the data In this case it may be beneficial to increase the station interval Figure 13 8 The Station Interval is the distance between...

Page 118: ...YSTEM NOGGIN 250 SYSTEM Setting Station Interval Data per Screen Short 5 0 cm or 1 92 in 16 m or 51 2 ft Normal 10 0 cm or 3 84 in 32 m or 102 4 ft Long 20 0 cm or 7 68 in 64 m or 204 8 ft X Long 50 0 cm or 19 20 in 160 m or 512 ft Norm x10 100 0 cm or 38 4 in 320 m or 1024 ft Norm x20 200 0 cm or 76 8 in 640 m or 2048 ft Norm x40 400 0 cm or 153 6 in 1280 m or 4096 ft Norm x50 500 0 cm or 192 0 i...

Page 119: ...in data see 13 4 2 p 118 Setting Station Interval Data per Screen Short 1 0 cm or 0 48 in 6 4 m or 25 6 ft Normal 2 5 cm or 0 96 in 16 m or 51 2 ft Long 5 0 cm or 1 92 in 32 m or 102 4 ft X Long 12 5 cm or 4 8 in 80 m or 256 ft Norm x10 25 cm or 9 6 in 160 m or 512 ft Norm x20 50 cm or 19 2 in 320 m or 1024 ft Norm x40 100 cm or 38 4 in 640 m or 2048 ft Norm x50 125 cm or 48 0 in 800 m or 2560 ft ...

Page 120: ... to make each trace 4 or 8 pixels wide Figure 13 9 Data traces can be plotted to the screen with a width of 1 pixel top left 2 pixels top right 4 pixels bot tom left or 8 pixels bottom right The narrower the trace width the more data that can be plotted on one screen In this example plotting the data 1 pixel wide results in 16 meters of data displayed on one screen while 2 pixels results in 8 mete...

Page 121: ... data have been processed For linear targets like pipes and utilities the best GPR response occurs when the GPR survey line crosses the target at right angles If possible it is always best to run GPR survey lines perpendicular to the direction of linear targets For inexperienced surveyors laying out a grid with straight lines and all corners at 90 degree angles can be difficult Sensors Software pr...

Page 122: ...ach line from the same baseline minimizes the data editing required to produce a spatially accurate map of GPR data Y Lines Only Set up a first quadrant XY grid Data lines run in the Y direction distance increasing from the X axis baseline Line numbers increase in the positive X direction see Figure 13 11 Lines must be equally spaced It is not critical that all the lines are the same length Howeve...

Page 123: ... dimensions entered are assumed to be in the same units as the Position Units 13 3 1 7 p 97 i e meters or feet On this screen the user needs to highlight the dimension to be changed The user can toggle between the X and Y fields by pressing the X Y button The dimension value is incremented or decremented by pressing the Line or Line buttons The dimension value will change by a value equal to the c...

Page 124: ...n toggle between the X line spacing and Y line spacing fields by pressing the X Y button Note that the maximum number of lines that can be collected in each direction is 100 The calculation for determining an appropriate line spacing is complex One has to consider system frequency target size and practical considerations In general the Noggin 100 should have a line spacing of 1 0 meters or less th...

Page 125: ...rringbone if there are positional errors It is important that the odometer is calibrated 13 5 2 p 120 the Grid Dimensions are correct 13 3 4 2 p 109 and that lines are always collected starting on a baseline Using the Forward and Reverse survey format X line data are collected in the pattern shown in Figure 13 13 Figure 13 13 For collecting GPR data consisting of long data lines it makes more sens...

Page 126: ...al or other information in specific formats Each type of string is specified by a 5 character prefix There are numerous NMEA strings but to integrate the GPS data into the Noggin data the GPS must be sending at least one of the following NMEA strings GPGGA GPGLL and GPRMC GPS information is logged while collecting Noggin data The GPS information may be useful for mapping where GPR surveys have bee...

Page 127: ...GPS Mode There are three GPS modes available 1 Off mode means that a GPS receiver is not connected to the DVL so no GPS information is being logged This should be the setting if you do not have a GPS receiver 2 Reading every x traces mode means that every time the Noggin collects a user defined number of traces of GPR data a data string of GPS information will be added to a file This file has the ...

Page 128: ...0 13 24 06 4 3 2 6 3 4 36 F2 GPGGA 134219 00 4338 190294 N 07938 438409 W 2 05 2 6 154 45 M 35 09 M 5 0 0118 7C GPVTG 1 3 T 000 4 N 000 7 K D 44 GPGSA A 3 30 10 13 24 06 4 3 2 6 3 4 36 F3 GPGGA 134221 00 4338 190261 N 07938 438285 W 2 05 2 6 154 05 M 35 09 M 5 2 0118 79 GPVTG 10 0 T 000 2 N 000 4 K D 72 GPGSA A 3 30 10 13 24 06 4 3 2 6 3 4 36 F4 GPGGA 134222 00 4338 190397 N 07938 438255 W 2 05 2 ...

Page 129: ...ited to allow the DVL to communicate with the GPS receiver 13 3 5 3 Stop Bits The available settings for Stop Bits are 1 default or 2 It is not normally necessary to edit this value 13 3 5 4 Data Bits The available settings for Data Bits are 7 or 8 default It is not normally necessary to edit this value 13 3 5 5 Parity The available settings for Parity are none default odd or even It is not normal...

Page 130: ...etter in the alphabet Using these keys all 5 characters can be filled in with the necessary GPS End String See the GPS Receiver User s Guide for details on how to set up the receiver to output specific NMEA strings or groups of NMEA strings 13 3 5 7 System Test 1 After all the settings above have been input and the GPS receiver is attached to the serial port on the DVL the user can test that the D...

Page 131: ...iles option allows the user to save the data in Line and Grid project folders to GPR Project GPZ files and if a GPS was attached to the GPR system 9 p 44 Google Earth KMZ files GPR Project GPZ files are files generated by compressing all the GPR data and support files in a line or grid folder into a single file with the same name as the line or grid folder for example Project0 GPZ or Grid7 GPZ GPZ...

Page 132: ...to a Line Project and collect another data line or delete a line the GPZ and KMZ files for that project are automatically deleted and must be regenerated 13 4 2 Deleting Data on the DVL After data has been successfully transferred to an external computer or if the data is longer required the whole Line Project or Grid can be deleted from the Current Data Storage Drive 13 1 7 p 77 on the DVL From t...

Page 133: ...ferred to a PC First power down the DVL then i loosen both of the finger screws on the top of the DVL so the drive door can swing open freely ii Press the button to partially eject the compact flash drive iii Remove the drive and insert it into a PC card reader user sup plied Copy the Noggin data files from the drive into a folder on the PC using the Windows Explorer program The EKKO_View program ...

Page 134: ...is prompted to select the odometer that is being used with the Smart System If a SmartCart System is being used select one of the two SmartCart odometers usually 1 If a SmartHandle system is being used select one of the two SmartHandle odometers usually 1 If the system is being towed behind a vehicle and using the transmission odometer to trigger the system select one of the two Vehicle odometers ...

Page 135: ...ted to the screen printed directly to an attached printer or transferred to a PC To print the information to a printer attach the printer to the parallel port of the DVL and then press the B button To transfer the information file to a PC attach the parallel XFER cable from the parallel port of the PC to the parallel port of the DVL Then run the WinPXFER program on the PC and press the 1 button Se...

Page 136: ...e is a problem with the connection from the DVL to the Noggin Check the connection and this part of the cable If the DVL is running but the Noggin system will not run go to the main menu and check that battery voltage in the lower left corner is above 10 2 volts If not the battery needs to be recharged or replaced for the Noggin to run see below If the battery voltage is less than about 10 2 volts...

Page 137: ... and reconnecting them may provide a better contact and solve the problem Turn the Digital Video Logger back on and try running the system again If the power supply and cable are OK the problem is likely a failure of the DVL The DVL has no user serviceable parts so it will have to be returned to Sensors Software Inc for inspection and possible repair 14 7 p 124 14 3 System Overheating The Noggin s...

Page 138: ...nc 14 7 p 124 14 6 Creating a Test Line for Data Quality One of the best ways of detecting problems with the GPR system is shortly after receiving the system and getting comfortable with its operation to collect a line of data at a convenient easily accessible location The line does not have to be too long but 100 200 traces is a good guide This data line should be saved electronically and perhaps...

Page 139: ...he data acquisition software 3 The error number or message appearing 4 A brief description of when the error is happening and the operating conditions temperature humidity sunshine system and survey setup etc 5 Sensors Software Inc technical staff may request a copy of the System Information file be sent to them by fax or e mail See 13 5 3 p 121 on how to view this file ...

Page 140: ...ely when it is connected to the charger The fast charge LED will not light If the fast charge light does not come on within 6 hours the battery should be considered damaged and should be discarded Do not assume that a battery that is still charging after 8 hours is nearing the end of its charge cycle Typical charging time for an empty battery is 12 14 hours from start of fast charge Ensure that th...

Page 141: ... the electronic circuit and should be treated accordingly When not in use they should be placed in their storage box 15 4 Skid Pads The bottom of the Noggin unit is covered with one large wear resistant skid pad The skid pad is designed to protrude from the bottom of the Noggin and take the majority of the abrasive wear If the pad wears down enough the less resistant plastic housing may start to w...

Page 142: ...ment should be stored in its shipping case or a storage box Sensors Software has shipping cases available as options for all Noggins and DVL s 15 6 Spare Parts For customers working in remote areas or if downtime in the field is unacceptable consider buying our optional extended spares kit This kit includes extra cables batteries and chargers ...

Page 143: ...EQUENCY 250 00 ANTENNA SEPARATION 0 3048 PULSER VOLTAGE V 100 NUMBER OF STACKS 4 SURVEY MODE Reflection This file can be read and or printed using any Word Processor Data DT1 File The data file contains as many records as there are traces Each record in turn consists of a header section and a data section The header section consists of an array of 25 real 4 numbers and a string of 28 characters wh...

Page 144: ...ed for transmitter y position 20 reserved for transmitter z position 21 timezero adjustment where point x point x adjustment 22 Zero flag 0 data okay 1 zero data 23 not used 24 Time of day data collected in seconds past midnight 25 Comment flag 1 comment attached 26 32 Comment The data section consists of an array of two byte integers one value for every data point ...

Page 145: ...res and time duration specified by the FCC and OSHA vary with excitation frequency The low est threshold plane wave equivalent power cited is 0 2 mW cm2 for general population over the 30 to 300 MHz frequency band All other applications and frequencies have higher tolerances as shown in graphically in Figure B 1 Figure B 1 FCC limits for maximum permissible exposure MPE plane wave equivalent power...

Page 146: ...s many references and web sites 2 Evaluation Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Elec tromagnetic Fields USA Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering Technology OET Bulletin 56 Contains many references and web sites 3 USA Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations paragraph 1910 67 and 1910 263 Web Sites www fcc gov Bureau EngineeringT...

Page 147: ...GPR instruments are considered to be UWB ultra wideband devices The regulatory regimes worldwide are devising new rules for UWB devices Sensors Software Inc maintains close contact with the regula tors to help guide standard development and assure that all products conform You should continually monitor the News link on our website www sensoft ca for updates on standards Electronic devices have no...

Page 148: ...ral devices constitutes a Change or Modification out lined in the warning above Operating Restrictions Operation of this device is limited to purposes associated with law enforcement fire fighting emergency rescue scientific research commercial mining or construction Parties operating this equipment must be eligible for licensing under the provisions of Part 90 of this chapter FCC Interpretation o...

Page 149: ...esulting from this coordination b The users of UWB imaging devices shall supply operational areas to the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology which shall coordinate this information with the Federal Government through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration The information provided by the UWB operator shall include the name address and other pertinent contact information...

Page 150: ...the area of operation changes updated information shall be submitted to the FCC following the procedure in paragraph b of this section f The coordination of routine UWB operations shall not take longer than 15 business days from the receipt of the coordination request by NTIA Special temporary operations may be handled with an expe dited turn around time when circumstances warrant The operation of...

Page 151: ...ER AREAS FCC ID E G QJQ NOGGIN100 FOR NOGGIN 100 SYSTEM QJQ NOGGIN250 FOR NOGGIN 250 SYSTEM QJQ NOGGIN500 FOR NOGGIN 500 SYSTEM QJQ NOGGIN1000 FOR NOGGIN 1000 SYS TEM EQUIPMENT NOMENCLATURE E G NOGGIN 250 Send the information to Frequency Coordination Branch OET Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street SW Washington D C 20554 ATTN UWB Coordination Fax 202 418 1944 INFORMATION PROVIDED IS ...

Page 152: ... information they should acquire copies of the following docu ments available from ETSI ETSI EN 302 066 1 V1 2 1 February 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Ground and Wall Probing Radar applications GPR WPR imaging systems Part 1 Technical characteristics and test methods ETSI EN 302 066 2 V1 2 1 February 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters...

Page 153: ...pt the following Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause interference and 2 this device must accept any interference including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device Règlement d Industrie Canada Français Industrie Canada a publié des règlements pour les appareils géoradar GPR le 29 mars 2009 dans le cadre du RSS 220 intitulé Dispositi...

Page 154: ... exempte de licence l utilisateur doit accepter le texte suivant La fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes 1 cet appareil ne peut pas provoquer d interférences et 2 cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence y compris les interférences qui peuvent causer un mauvais fonctionnement du dispositif ...

Page 155: ...of electromagnetic fields such as TV stations radio stations and cell phones can cause signals detectable by a GPR which may degrade the quality of the data that a GPR device records and displays Such interference is unavoidable but sensible survey practice and operation by an experienced GPR practitioner can minimize such problems In some geographic areas emissions from exter nal sources may be s...

Page 156: ...Appendix D Instrument Interference Noggin D 2 ...

Page 157: ... we recommend keeping the GPR transmitters at least 5 feet 2m from blasting cap leads as a precaution Some customers do experimental trials with their particular blasting devices to confirm with safety We strongly rec ommend that GPR users routinely working with explosive devices develop a systematic safety methodology in their work areas The UXO issue is more complex and standards on fuses do not...

Page 158: ...Appendix E Safety Around Explosive Devices Noggin E 2 ...

Page 159: ...mains constant GPR ground penetrating radar EM electromagnetic common abbreviation antenna Device used to couple electromagnetic energy into the ground Sometimes called a transducer antenna separation Spacing between transmitting and receiving antennas attenuation A reduction in signal amplitude caused by energy dissipation in the transmitting media see alpha bandwidth The range of frequencies ove...

Page 160: ...plifying signals to match recording device or display dynamic range F 2 Common GPR Terms zone of influence The size of an area on a reflecting feature that can be uniquely resolved See lat eral resolution length fresnel zone See zone of influence range resolution length The radial distance separation between two objects that is needed so that a GPR clearly detects two responses lateral resolution ...

Page 161: ...F 3 Advanced GPR Terms GPS global positioning system satellite based positioning DMI distance measuring indicator stacks number of repeated measurements averaged to get resulting measurements reflectivity measure of amplitude returned by a target reflection coefficient normally named fresnel reflection coefficient and quantifies GPR signal reflection amplitude from a flat interface between two mat...

Page 162: ...Noggin G 4 ...

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