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DOCUMENTATION 

PUMP 20F440 

FLOWMAX

®

 

Manual : 582.023.110-UK - 2102 

Date: 08/02/21 

Supersede : 27/05/16 

Modif.: Update  

TRANSLATION FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUAL  

IMPORTANT 

:

 

Before assembly and start-up, please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to 

this equipment (professional use only).  

THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL. WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE.. 

SAMES KREMLIN SAS

   

l

 

13, chemin de Malacher 

38 240 - MEYLAN - France 

 : 33 (0)4 76 41 60 60 

 

www.sames-kremlin.com

 

Summary of Contents for FLOWMAX 20F440

Page 1: ...MPORTANT Before assembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to this equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 2: ...denna utrustning erhållit utbildning till fullo förstått säkerhetsföreskrifterna och tillämpar dem Käytön turvallisuuden varmistamiseksi velvollisuutesi on Lue kaikki asiakirjat huolellisesti ennen laitteen käyttöönottoa Noudattaa laitteiston asennuksessa käytössä kunnossapidossa ja huollossa SAMES KREMLIN in suosituksia sekä kansallisia ja tai paikallisia määräyksiä Varmistaa että laitteiston käy...

Page 3: ...lară că echipamentul precizat mai jos POMPE PNEUMATIQUE FLOWMAX POMPE AIRMIX FLOWMAX A MOTEUR AVEC INVERSEUR AIRMIX FLOWMAX PUMP FLOWMAX LOW PRESSURE PUMP AIR MOTOR WITH REVERSING BLOCK AIRMIX PUMPE UND PNEUMATISCHE PUMPE MIT UMSTEUERMOTOR FLOWMAX BOMBA NEUMÁTICA FLOWMAX BOMBA AIRMIX FLOWMAX CON MOTOR CON INVERSOR 20F440 Est conforme à la législation d harmonisation de l Union applicable suivante ...

Page 4: ...Toto prohláŝení o skodě se vydává na výhradní odpovědnost výrobce Za izdajo te izjave o skladnosti je odgovoren izključno proizvajalec Toto vyhlásenie o zhode sa vydáva na vlastnú zodpovednosť výrobcu Ezt a megfelelőségi nylatkozatot a gyártó kizárólagos felelőssége mellett adják ti Prezenta declaraţie de conformitate este emisă pe răspunderea exclusivă a producătorului Hervé WALTER Directeur Rech...

Page 5: ...ssembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to this equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 6: ...lied must be regularly inspected Defective or worn parts must be replaced Guards motor cover coupling shields connectors have been designed for a safe use of the equipment The manufacturer will not be held responsible for bodily injury or failure and or property damage due to destruction the overshadowing or the partial or total removal of the guards Never exceed the equipment components maximum w...

Page 7: ... following safety procedures must be followed ensure a good earth connection and ground the parts to be handled i e solvents materials components and equipment ensure adequate ventilation keep working area clean and free from waste solvents chemicals or solid waste i e rags paper and empty chemicals drums never use electrical switches power if in an atmosphere of volatile solvent vapour stop worki...

Page 8: ...sure that any relief or drain valves fitted are in good working order HOSES Keep hoses out of circulation areas moving parts or hot surfaces Never expose product hoses to temperature higher than 60 C 140 F or lower than 0 C 32 F Never pull or use the hoses to move the equipment Tighten all fittings as well as the hoses before operating the equipment Check the hoses regularly change them if they ar...

Page 9: ...choring methods strong enough to prevent unintended bodily movement of the equipment To avoid risks caused by static electricity the equipment as well as its components must be grounded For the pumping equipments pumps pneumatic rams frame a section wire of 2 5 mm is fixed on the material Use this wire to connect the material to the general ground In case of severe environments mechanical protecti...

Page 10: ...the interesting informations to use correctly the equipment pressure voltage and sometimes the above pictogram The equipment is designed with and consists of high quality materials and components which can be re used The 2012 19 UE European Directive covers all equipments with a crossed out bin pictogram Please inform yourself about the collection systems for electric and electronic equipments Ple...

Page 11: ...e assembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to the equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NOT CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 12: ... due to removal or partial removal of the guards Disassemble all the accessories of the pump Disassemble the pump from the bracket by removing the nuts that hold on the U bolts Put aside the pump the pump is fitted with an hoisting ring To replace the fluid section 2 or the air motor 1 the pump must be removed see bellows Remove the FLUID SECTION refer to Doc 573 175 050 Disassemble the connecting...

Page 13: ...Depending on the part that it is unscrewed first insert a rod into one of these holes to unscrew the other part When reassemblying make sure the two seals 24 are installed EXHAUST VALVE AND MOBILE PACKING Unscrew the cylinder 21 and pull it downwards Unscrew the exhaust valve 29 by holding the piston 22 Remove the ball 25 and the mobile packing cup seal 23 Clean all the parts and replace them by c...

Page 14: ...aring 3 and tighten the assembly with the screws 10 Slide them along the air motor rod Screw the skirt 6 on the air motor rod Rotate the bellows coupling part and the motor rod until suction bearing 3 matches the lower support of the air motor Be careful not to twist the bellows Secure the suction bearing 3 on the lower support of the air motor by means of the screws 9 Remount the fluid section pi...

Page 15: ...aging the seals Install new parts if it is necessary DEGREES OF WEAR The wetted parts in contact with the material are subject to wear with time It depends of course on the rates and duration of pump operating also on the material handled Under normal operating and servicing conditions with standard filled material not including foreign matters or chemically aggressive the average working life can...

Page 16: ... 33 37 31 38 41 42 43 45 3 44 5 27 30 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 24 A1 A2 C1 A1 C1 C1 C1 A2 Index Instruction Description Part number A 1 PTFE grease PTFE grease 10 ml 0 3 oz 560 440 101 A 2 Anti seize grease Grease box 450 g 0 99 lb 560 420 005 C 1 Medium strength Aneorobic Pipe sealant Loctite 5772 50 ml 1 7 oz 554 180 015 ...

Page 17: ...ls Ersetzt Anula 16 02 12 Modif Änderung Mise à jour Update Aktualisierung Actualización 20 220 F 20F440 Pièces de rechange Spare parts list Ersatzteilliste Piezas de repuesto 20F440 POMPE FLOWMAX FLOWMAX PUMP FLOWMAX PUMPE BOMBA FLOWMAX 1 30 31 2 15 34 35 ...

Page 18: ...051 341 206 Support de pompe Pump bracket Wandhalterung Soporte de bomba 1 31 NC NS Etrier avec rondelles et écrous U bolt with washers and nuts Schelle mit Scheiben und Muttern Tirante con arandelas y tuercas 3 34 905 210 404 Coude MF 1 Elbow MF 1 Winkelnippel AG 1 IG 1 Codo MH 1 1 35 050 102 449 Raccord inox M 1 M 38 x 150 entrée produit Fitting stainless steel double male 1 38 x 150 fluid inlet...

Page 19: ...440 with PU seals WANDANLAGE Modell 20F440 mit PU Dichtungen BOMBA MURAL tipo 20F440 con juntas PU 151 860 600 Ind Désignation Description Bezeichnung Denominación Qté 151 860 500 Pompe murale 20F440 avec joints PU Wall mounted pump model 20F440 with PU seals Wandanlage 20F440 mit PU Dichtungen Bomba mural tipo 20F440 con juntas PU 1 1 146 280 100 Moteur 5000 4 voir Doc 573 174 050 Air motor model...

Page 20: ...s et écrous U bolt with washers and nuts Schelle mit Scheiben und Muttern Tirante con arandelas y tuercas 3 155 581 400 Filtre 3 4 équipé voir Doc 573 327 050 Filter model 3 4 equipped refer to Doc 573 327 050 Ausgerüsteter Filter Modell 3 4 siehe Dok 573 327 050 Filtro 3 4 equipado consultar Doc 573 327 050 1 OPTIONS ON REQUEST OPTIONEN OPCIONES Ind Désignation Description Bezeichnung Denominació...

Page 21: ...ee model 1 4 T Stück 1 4 Té tipo 1 4 1 19 552 491 Raccord F 1 4 M 1 8 Fitting model F 1 4 M 1 8 Nippel IG 1 4 AG 1 8 Racor tipo H 1 4 M 1 8 1 20 903 080 401 Soupape de décharge Discharge valve Sicherheitsventil Válvula de seguridad 1 21 903 090 208 Robinet F 3 4 Valve F 3 4 Absperrhahn IG 3 4 Grifo tipo H 3 4 1 22 051 870 151 Raccord MM 3 4 BSP avec piquage Fitting model double male 3 4 BSP Doppel...

Page 22: ... max air de pilotage pilot air Steuerluft aire de pilotaje Le régulateur 25 est préréglé en usine pour délivrer une pression de 4 bar max The regulator 25 is preset in the factory to give a maximum pressure of 4 bar 58 psi Der Druckregler 25 ist werksseitig auf einen maximalen Steuerluftdruck von 4 bar eingestellt El regulador 25 se regla en la fábrica para aportar una presión máxima de 4 bar ...

Page 23: ...ng Mise à jour Update Aktualisierung Actualización 044 630 400 NC ind 10a Pos 10a 144 630 720 ind 10b Pos 10b Pièces de rechange Spare parts list Ersatzteilliste Piezas de repuesto MOTEUR A AIR modèle 5000 4 AIR MOTOR model 5000 4 LUFT MOTOR Modell 5000 4 MOTOR DE AIRE tipo 5000 4 146 280 100 ...

Page 24: ...lauch 4x6 Racor codo M 1 4 BSP tubería 4x6 3 13 146 199 902 Ressort x 10 Spring x 10 Feder x 10 Muelle x 10 1 14 044 570 131 Chape femelle Linkage female Federhalterung Unión hembra 1 15 044 570 900 Fourchette de commande Fork assembly control Umsteuerstange Horquilla de mando equipada 1 16 902 202 002 Anneau de retenue 24 Retaining ring 24 Sicherungsring 24 Anillo truarc 24 1 17 046 180 003 Tige ...

Page 25: ...ssatz für Umsteuerblock Bolsa de juntas motor índ 6 8 x3 13 20 22 23 25 x2 41 x2 bolsa de juntas inversor 1 146 280 996 Pochette de maintenance ind 5 pochette de joints moteur ind 2 4 7 8 13 de l inverseur Servicing kit ind 5 package of seals air motor ind 2 4 7 8 13 of the reversing block Reparatursatz beinhaltet Pos 5 den Dichtungssatz für Luftmotor Pos 2 4 7 8 13 für Umsteuerblock Bolsa de repa...

Page 26: ...zación 144 630 720 Pièces de rechange Spare parts list Ersatzteilliste Piezas de repuesto BLOC INVERSEUR REVERSING BLOCK UMSTEUERBLOCK BLOQUE INVERSOR NC NS BLOC INVERSEUR DROIT AVEC DEUX ROULEMENTS RIGHT REVERSING BLOCK WITH TWO BEARINGS RECHTER UMSTEUERBLOCK MIT ZWEI LAGERBUCHSEN BLOQUE INVERSOR DERECHO CON DOS RODAMIENTOS 144 630 720 ...

Page 27: ...Ring R 10 x 10 Anillo tipo R 10 x 10 3 13 144 579 911 Goupille fendue pochette de 10 goupilles 1 butée ind 11 Pin package of 10 pins 1 stop ind 11 Splint Satz à 10 Stück 1 Führung Pos 11 Pasador bolsa de 10 pasadores 1 tope índ 11 1 14 144 579 910 Bague R 6a x 10 Ring model R 6a x 10 O Ring R 6a 10 x Anillo tipo R 6a x 10 1 15 N C N S Joint de couvercle Seal cover Deckeldichtung Junta de tapa 1 16...

Page 28: ...po equipado 1 1b N C N S Corps Body Körper Cuerpo 1 3 N C N S Goupille 4 x 8 Pin 4 x 8 Splint 4 x 8 Pasador 4 x 8 1 N C N S Butée collée sur corps ind 1b Stop glued on part ind 1b Anschlag auf Körper geklebt ind 1b Tope pegado en cuerpo índ 1b 2 N C N S Roulement à bille Ball bearing Kugellager Rodamiento de bolas 2 Pièces de maintenance préconisées Preceding the index number denotes a suggested s...

Page 29: ... 16 Modif Änderung Mise à jour Update Aktualisierung Actualización 144 990 230 Pièces de rechange Spare parts list Ersatzteilliste Piezas de repuesto HYDRAULIQUE FLOWMAX modèle F440 FLOWMAX FLUID SECTION model F440 FLOWMAX HYDRAULIKTEIL Modell F440 HIDRÁULICA FLOWMAX tipo F440 ...

Page 30: ...enbalg Fuelle 1 6 044 990 211 Jupe Skirt Klemmstück Faldón 1 7 044 990 016 Tirant d accouplement Coupling rod Kupplungsstange Tirante de acoplamiento 3 8 050 040 325 Joint PTFE Seal PTFE Dichtung PTFE Junta PTFE 3 9 933 151 671 Vis CHc M 8 x 75 Screw model CHc M 8 x 75 Schraube M 8 x 75 Tornillo tipo CHc M 8 x 75 3 10 931 151 168 Vis CHc M 5 x 12 Screw model CHc M 5 x 12 Schraube M 5 x 12 Tornillo...

Page 31: ...ng model M 38 x 150 Überwurfmutter M 38x1 5 Tuerca racor tipo M 38 x 150 1 41 044 990 051 Tube de liaison Fluid tube attachment Verbindungsrohr Tubo de unión 1 42 129 489 902 Joint PTFE les 10 PTFE seal x 10 Dichtung PTFE 10 St Junta PTFE bolsa de 10 1 43 933 151 523 Vis CHc M 6 x 45 Screw model CHc M 6 x 45 Schraube M 6x45 Tornillo tipo M 6 x 45 2 44 150 040 321 Joint PTFE les 10 PTFE seal x 10 D...

Page 32: ...ignation Description Bezeichnung Denominación Qté 51 044 990 111 Bride d accouplement Coupling flange Steuerflansch Brida de acoplamiento 1 52 932 151 392 Vis CHc M 10 x 30 Screw model CHc M 10 x 30 Schraube CHc M 10 x 30 Tornillo tipo CHc M 10 x 30 4 53 044 990 261 Piston intermédiaire Intermediate piston Zwischenkolben Pistón intermediario 1 ...

Page 33: ... NC NS Joint PTFE Seal PTFE Dichtung PTFE Junta PTFE 1 63 NC NS Bague anti extrusion Anti extrusion ring Anti Extrusion Ring Anillo anti extrusión 1 Ind Désignation Description Bezeichnung Denominación Qté 144 990 130 Pochette de joints PU ind 8x3 24x2 25 27 32 33 36 42 44 60 62 63 Package of seals Polyurethane ind 8x3 24x2 25 27 32 33 36 42 44 60 62 63 PU Dichtungssatz beinhaltet Pos 8x3 24x2 25 ...

Page 34: ...ur montage avec moteur 5000 4 FLOWMAX FLUID SECTION model F440 with PU seals for mounting on the 5000 4 air motor FLOWMAX HYDRAULIKTEIL Modell F440 mit PU Dichtungen für Montage mit Luftmotor 5000 4 HIDRÁULICA FLOWMAX tipo F440 con juntas PU para montaje con el motor 5000 4 144 990 230 ...

Page 35: ...ventilkörper mit Karbide Sitz Cuerpo de válvula con asiento de carburo 1 32 907 414 297 Bille Ø 40 inox 440C Ball model Ø 40 stainless steel 440C Kugel Ø 40 Edelstahl 440C Bola tipo Ø 40 de inox 440C 1 33 044 990 032 Jonc Stop ring Sicherungsring Anillo de retención bola 1 24 050 040 326 Joint PTFE Seal PTFE Dichtung PTFE Junta PTFE 1 30 044 990 040 Raccord aspiration équipé Suction fitting assemb...

Page 36: ...if Änderung Mise à jour Update Aktualisierung Actualización Pièces de rechange Spare parts list Ersatzteilliste Piezas de repuesto FILTRE PRODUIT HP modèle 3 4 inox HP FLUID FILTER model 3 4 stainless steel HP MATERIALFILTER Modell 3 4 Edelstahl FILTRO PRODUCTO AP tipo 3 4 inox Ind 1 ...

Page 37: ...18x1 25 Racor inox M 18 x 125 M 3 8 BSP 1 6 905 210 515 Raccord inox M 3 4 NPT M 3 4 JIC Adaptor stainless steel double male 3 4 NPT 8 JIC 3 4 JIC Doppelnippel Edelstahl 3 4 NPT 3 4 JIC Racor inox M 3 4 NPT M 3 4 JIC 1 7 000 161 112 Tamis n 12 280 µ Screen n 12 280 µ 55 Mesh Filterelement Sieb Nr 12 280 µ Tamiz n 12 280 µ 1 FILTRE NU sans tamis BARE FILTER without screen NACKTER FILTER ohne Sieb F...

Page 38: ... 4 99 µ Sieb Nr 4 99 µ Tamiz n 4 99 µ 1 000 161 106 Tamis n 6 168 µ Screen n 6 168 µ Sieb Nr 6 168 µ Tamiz n 6 168 µ 1 000 161 108 Tamis n 8 210 µ Screen n 8 210 µ Sieb Nr 8 210 µ Tamiz n 8 210 µ 1 7 000 161 112 Tamis n 12 280 µ Screen n 12 280 µ Sieb Nr 12 280 µ Tamiz n 12 280 µ 1 000 161 115 Tamis n 15 360 µ Screen n 15 360 µ Sieb Nr 15 360 µ Tamiz n 15 360 µ 1 000 161 020 Tamis n 20 510 µ Scree...

Page 39: ...PCIÓN Ind Désignation Description Bezeichnung Denominación Qté 155 190 105 Support filtre avec vis rondelles et écrous Mounting bracket with screws washers and nuts Filterhalterung mit Schrauben Scheiben und Muttern Soporte filtro con tornillos arandelas y tuercas 1 ...

Page 40: ...MANUAL IMPORTANT Before assembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to this equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 41: ...perty due to removal or partial or removal of the guards Make sure that the suction strainer is clean and in good condition Regularly clean it and change it if necessary Flush the pump as often as necessary specially when spraying pigment filled material Whatever the case when stopping the pump always leave it filled with material For a short duration shutdown if the flushing has not been carried ...

Page 42: ...UAL IMPORTANT Before assembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to this equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 43: ...p does not stop at once when shutting off the spray gun The pump stops only on down stroke Check exhaust valve or valve seal The pump stops only on up stroke Check suction valve or upper cartridge The pump does not reverse Check spring of the air motor reversing block Lubricate reversing block with HP 150 oil Check is there is pilot air depending on air motor model On intensive pump the lubricant ...

Page 44: ...INAL MANUAL IMPORTANT Before assembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to this equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 45: ...lternating movement the air motor drives the piston of the hydraulic section C The fluid is drawn in L and forced under pressure in N Due to its design the pressure is always the one read on the gauge x pump ratio The spray air pressure of the gun is adjusted by means of the regulator black knob F To adjust the fluid flow rate turn the yellow green knob D Gauge E To adjust the spray air turn the b...

Page 46: ...filter is supplied with a stainless steel screen n 6 filtration size 168 microns or 85 mesh The screen is recommended for the use of an AIRMIX gun fitted with a nozzle model n 6 If the fluid spraying is carried out by means of an other nozzle choose an other screen refer to the filter instruction manual Adjust the screen to the application Start up procedure 1 Ground the pump 2 If the pump is a in...

Page 47: ... valve N 14 Point the spray gun towards the material container and trigger the spray gun until the material flows out regularly WORK 15 Reinstall the ring and the aircap on the spray gun 16 Adjust air regulator D to obtain the appropriate material pressure and flow rate 17 Gradually open the air regulator F to adjust the spraying air to obtain the required spray pattern Nota Some of these pumps ar...

Page 48: ...autions in the presence of flammable solvents 6 When the solvent flows out regularly close the drain valve 7 Point the spray gun towards the material container and press the gun trigger When the solvent flows out point the spray gun towards the recovery container 8 When the solvent flows out release the spray gun trigger Nota If the pump is a intensive one release the spray gun trigger when the pu...

Page 49: ...assembly and start up please read and clearly understand all the documents relating to this equipment professional use only THE PICTURES AND DRAWINGS ARE NON CONTRACTUAL WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE SAMES KREMLIN SAS l 13 chemin de Malacher 38 240 MEYLAN France 33 0 4 76 41 60 60 www sames kremlin com ...

Page 50: ...thylene Air motor stroke Air motor section Fluid section Delivery per cycle Number of cycle Flow 20 cycles Maximum air operating pressure Maximum discharge pressure Weighted sound pressure LAeq Maximum operating temperature 100 mm 490 cm2 22 cm2 440 cm3 2 3 per liter 8 8 l 6 bar 120 bar 85 dBa 60 C 4 76 sq in 3 41 sq in 15 5 oz 8 6 per gallon 2 33 US gal 88 psi 1740 psi 85 dBa 140 F Weight Wall mo...

Page 51: ...IEW ABOVE VIEW Ind mm Ind mm Ind mm A 1120 44 09 B 510 20 07 C 44 D Ø 300 Ø 11 81 E 414 16 30 F 180 7 08 L 288 11 34 M 107 5 4 23 N 251 9 88 O 321 12 64 P 150 5 90 Q 70 2 75 R 35 1 38 S 17 0 67 T 15 0 59 U 7 x 15 0 27 x 0 59 V Ø 11 Ø 0 43 7 16 W Ø 22 Ø 0 87 7 8 X Ø 11 Ø 0 43 7 16 Y 18 0 71 ...

Page 52: ... For use in explosive area II group II 2 class 2 G gas Surface equipment meant to an area where explosive atmospheres due to gas vapours mists are liable to appear from time to time in usual operating P prod xx bar xx psi Maximum fluid pressure at the pump outlet P air 6 bar 87 psi Air supply maximum pressure of the pump motor Serie Serial Number given by SAMES KREMLIN The 2 first numbers indicate...

Page 53: ...ese diagrams is given for information purposes only and hold harmless to SAMES KREMLIN The user is responsible for the extraction and conditioning of the painting area where the equipment is used for working conditions refer to EN 60079 10 standard The 1 m 39 37 distance may be modified if trials carried out by the user deem this necessary NB Choose the appropriate pump to ensure that the working ...

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