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Rohde & Schwarz ZNL Series, User Manual

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Rohde & Schwarz ZNL Series User Manual Download Page 21

Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing

R&S

®

ZNL

21

User Manual 1178.5989.02 ─ 06

Table 4-2: Characteristics of typical FFT window functions

Window type

Frequency
resolution

Magnitude
resolution

Sidelobe sup-
pression

Measurement recommendation

Rectangular

Best

Worst

Worst

No function applied.

Separation of two tones with almost
equal amplitudes and a small fre-
quency distance

Blackman-Harris
(default)

Good

Good

Good

Harmonic detection and spurious
emission detection

Gauss (Alpha
= 0.4)

Good

Good

Good

Weak signals and short duration

Flattop

Worst

Best

Good

Accurate single tone measurements

5-Term

Good

Good

Best

Measurements with very high
dynamic range

4.2.2

 

Overlapping

The I/Q Analyzer calculates multiple FFTs per measurement by dividing one captured
record into several windows. Furthermore, the I/Q Analyzer allows consecutive win-
dows to overlap. Overlapping "reuses" samples that were already used to calculate the
preceding FFT result.

In advanced FFT mode with averaging, the overlapping factor can be set freely. The
higher the overlap factor, the more windows are used. This leads to more individual
results and improves detection of transient signal effects. However, it also extends the
duration of the calculation. The size of the window can be defined manually according
to the record length, the overlap factor, and the FFT length.

An FFT overlap of 67%, for example, means the second FFT calculation uses the last
67% of the data of the first FFT. It uses only 33% new data. The third FFT still covers
33% of the first FFT and 67% of the second FFT, and so on.

Basics on FFT

Summary of Contents for ZNL Series

Page 1: ...R S ZNL I Q Analyzer User Manual User Manual Version 06 1178598902 ÜÉç2 ...

Page 2: ...cribed R S FPL1 B5 Additional Interfaces 1323 1883 02 R S FPL1 K9 Power Sensor Support 1323 1754 02 R S FPL1 B40 Bandwidth extension 40 MHz 1323 1931 02 2019 Rohde Schwarz GmbH Co KG Mühldorfstr 15 81671 München Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 Email info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R S is a regis...

Page 3: ...rom RF Input 17 4 2 Basics on FFT 20 4 3 Basics on Input from I Q Data Files 25 4 4 I Q Data Import and Export 26 5 Configuration 27 5 1 Configuration Overview 27 5 2 Import Export Functions 29 5 3 Receiving Data Input and Providing Data Output 32 5 4 Amplitude 41 5 5 Frequency Settings 46 5 6 Trigger Settings 47 5 7 Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings 51 5 8 Display Configuration 57 5 9 Adjus...

Page 4: ...04 9 4 Configuring I Q Analyzer Measurements 109 9 5 Configuring the Result Display 143 9 6 Capturing Data and Performing Sweeps 150 9 7 I Q Analysis 156 9 8 Retrieving Results 204 9 9 Importing and Exporting I Q Data and Results 214 9 10 Programming Examples 216 Annex 219 A Formats for Returned Values ASCII Format and Binary Format 219 B Reference Format Description for I Q Data Files 220 C I Q D...

Page 5: ... Instructions safety issues are grouped according to subjects For example one subject is electrical safety The Basic Safety Instructions are delivered with the R S ZNL in different languages in print Throughout the documentation safety instructions are provided when you need to take care during setup or operation Always read the safety instructions carefully Make sure to comply fully with them Do ...

Page 6: ... user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter net 1 2 3 Service Manual Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications module replace ment and repair firmware update troubleshooting and fault elimination and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde Schwarz in...

Page 7: ...rohde schwarz com application ZNL or www rohde schwarz com application ZNLE 1 2 9 Calibration Certificate The document is available on https gloris rohde schwarz com calcert You need the device ID of your instrument which you can find on a label on the rear panel 1 3 Conventions Used in the Documentation 1 3 1 Typographical Conventions The following text markers are used throughout this documentat...

Page 8: ...e on screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro cedures The term select may refer to any of the described methods i e using a finger on the touchscreen a mouse pointer in the display or a key on the instrument or on a key board 1 3 3 Notes on Screenshots When describing the functions of the product we use sample screenshots These screenshots are meant to illus...

Page 9: ...y that the application pro vides including remote control operation All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are described in the R S ZNL User Manual The latest version is available for download at the product homepage http www rohde schwarz com product ZNL Additional information Several application notes discussing I Q analysis are available from the Rohde S...

Page 10: ... setups that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument Only one measurement can be performed at any time namely the one in the currently active channel setup However in order to perform the configured measurements con secutively a Sequencer function is provided If activated the measurements configured in the currently defined channel setups are performed ...

Page 11: ...bar for the I Q Analyzer application Ref Level Reference level m el Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation Ref Offset Reference level offset Freq Center frequency Meas Time Measurement time Rec Length Defined record length number of samples to capture SRate Defined sample rate for data acquisition RBW Spectrum evaluation only Resolution bandwidth calculated from the sample rate and record le...

Page 12: ...w number 2 Window type 3 Trace color 4 Trace number 5 Detector 6 Trace mode Diagram footer information The information in the diagram footer beneath the diagram depends on the evalua tion Center frequency Number of sweep points Range per division x axis Span Spectrum Status bar information Global instrument settings the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar benea...

Page 13: ...t result displays Select the result displays using the SmartGrid functions For details on working with the SmartGrid see the R S ZNL Getting Started manual Result displays for I Q data Magnitude 13 Spectrum 13 I Q Vector 14 Real Imag I Q 15 Marker Table 15 Marker Peak List 15 Magnitude Shows the level values in time domain Remote command LAY ADD WIND 1 RIGH MAGN see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 144 R...

Page 14: ...s Remote command LAY ADD WIND 1 RIGH FREQ see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 144 Results TRACe n DATA on page 208 I Q Vector Displays the captured samples in an I Q plot The samples are connected by a line Note For the I Q vector result display the number of I Q samples to record Record Length must be identical to the number of trace points to be displayed Sweep Points for I Q Analyzer 10001 For record...

Page 15: ...tically if configured accordingly see Marker Table Dis play on page 76 Tip To navigate within long marker tables simply scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH MTAB see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 144 Results CALCulate n MARKer m X on page 175 CALCulate n MARKer m Y on page 213 Marker Peak List The marker peak list determines the frequencies and l...

Page 16: ...ent and Result Displays R S ZNL 16 User Manual 1178 5989 02 06 Remote command LAY ADD 1 RIGH PEAK see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 144 Results CALCulate n MARKer m X on page 175 CALCulate n MARKer m Y on page 213 ...

Page 17: ...gnal In modern phone systems and in radio communication however the baseband data is modulated on a carrier frequency which is then transmitted The receiver must demodulate the data based on the carrier frequency When using mod ern modulation methods e g QPSK QAM etc the baseband signal becomes com plex Complex data or I Q data consists of an imaginary I and a real Q compo nent Sweep vs sampling T...

Page 18: ... signal processing for analog I Q data without bandwidth extension options 4 1 1 Sample Rate and Maximum Usable I Q Bandwidth for RF Input Definitions Input sample rate ISR the sample rate of the useful data provided by the device connected to the input of the R S ZNL User Output Sample rate SR the user defined sample rate e g in the Data Acquisition dialog box in the I Q Analyzer application whic...

Page 19: ...nship Between Sample Rate Record Length and Usable I Q Bandwidth Up to the maximum bandwidth the following rule applies Usable I Q bandwidth 0 8 Output sample rate Regarding the record length the following rule applies Record length Measurement time sample rate Maximum record length for RF input The maximum record length is the maximum number of samples that can be captured Table 4 1 Maximum recor...

Page 20: ...cific window function Windowing helps minimize the discontinuities at the end of the measured sig nal interval and thus reduces the effect of spectral leakage increasing the frequency resolution Various different window functions are provided in the R S ZNL to suit different input signals Each of the window functions has specific characteristics including some advantages and some trade offs Consid...

Page 21: ...nalyzer calculates multiple FFTs per measurement by dividing one captured record into several windows Furthermore the I Q Analyzer allows consecutive win dows to overlap Overlapping reuses samples that were already used to calculate the preceding FFT result In advanced FFT mode with averaging the overlapping factor can be set freely The higher the overlap factor the more windows are used This lead...

Page 22: ... is also used to reduce the number of calculated frequency points defined by the FFT length to the defined number of sweep points By default the Autopeak trace detector is used Since the frequency points are reduced to the number of sweep points using a detec tor other than Auto Peak and fewer than 4096 sweep points can lead to false level results 4 2 3 Dependencies Between FFT Parameters FFT anal...

Page 23: ...ulated frequency points defined by the FFT length the number of sweep points is set to the FFT length automatically in advanced FFT mode Window Length Defines the number of samples to be included in a single window in averaging mode In single mode the window length corresponds to the Record Length on page 52 Values from 3 to 4096 are available in Manual mode in Advanced FFT mode val ues from 3 to ...

Page 24: ...in To simplify operation some parameters are coupled and automatically calculated such as record length and RBW RBW mode Depending on the selected RBW mode the resolution bandwidth is either determined automatically or can be defined manually Auto mode This is the default mode in the I Q Analyzer The RBW is determined automatically depending on the Sample Rate and Window Length where the window le...

Page 25: ... FFT calculation Averaging In averaging mode several overlapping FFTs are calculated for each record the results are combined to determine the final FFT result for the record The number of FFTs to be combined is determined by the Window Overlap and the Window Length Figure 4 5 FFT parameters for averaged FFT calculation 4 3 Basics on Input from I Q Data Files The I Q data to be evaluated in a part...

Page 26: ...ing and exporting I Q signals is useful for various applications Generating and saving I Q signals in an RF or baseband signal generator or in external software tools to analyze them with the R S ZNL later Capturing and saving I Q signals with an RF or baseband signal analyzer to ana lyze them with the R S ZNL or an external software tool later As opposed to storing trace data which may be average...

Page 27: ... configuration functions The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 9 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements with I Q Data on page 99 Importing and Exporting I Q Data The I Q data to be evaluated in the I Q Analyzer application can not only be captured by the I Q Analyzer itself it can also be imported to the R S ZNL provided it has the correct format Furthermore...

Page 28: ...iew provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes The individual configuration steps are displayed in the order of the data flow Thus you can easily configure an entire channel setup from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the Overview The Overview for the I Q Analyzer provides quick access to the following configura tion dia...

Page 29: ...cept for the default channel setup Remote command SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXEC on page 108 Specifics for The channel setup may contain several windows for different results Thus the settings indicated in the Overview and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window Select an active window from the Specifics for selection list that is displayed in the Overview and in all windo...

Page 30: ...mport data I Q Import Import Opens a file selection dialog box to select an import file that contains I Q data This function is only available in single sweep mode and only in applications that process I Q data such as the I Q Analyzer or optional applications Input from I Q data files is imported as it was stored including any correction factors for example from transducers or SnP files Any curre...

Page 31: ...arated list CSV or a plain data format DAT file is required Remote command FORMat DEXPort FORMat on page 211 Decimal Separator Export Trace to ASCII File Export Defines the decimal separator for floating point numerals for the data export import files Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages Remote command FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 211 Trace Export Configurat...

Page 32: ...g large amounts of I Q data several Gigabytes can exceed the available internal storage space on the R S ZNL In this case it can be necessary to use an external storage medium Remote command MMEMory STORe n IQ STATe on page 215 MMEMory STORe n IQ COMMent on page 214 5 3 Receiving Data Input and Providing Data Output The R S ZNL can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various t...

Page 33: ...again Reactivating the RF input is also possible via the remote command INPut ip ATTenuation PROTection RESet The power sensor functions are described in the R S ZNL User Manual Radio Frequency State 33 Impedance 33 Radio Frequency State Activates input from the RF Input connector Remote command INPut ip SELect on page 110 Impedance For some measurements the reference impedance for the measured le...

Page 34: ...easurements on an extract of the available data only Note Even when the file input is disabled the input file remains selected and can be enabled again quickly by changing the state Remote command INPut ip SELect on page 110 Select I Q data file Opens a file selection dialog box to select an input file that contains I Q data The I Q data must have a specific format iq tar as described in Chapter C...

Page 35: ...ed list of supported sensors see the data sheet Signal source Power sensor R S FPL Figure 5 2 Power sensor support standard test setup Using the power sensor with several applications The power sensor cannot be used from the R S ZNL firmware and the R S Power Viewer Plus virtual power meter for displaying results of the R S NRP power sensors simultaneously Result display The results of the power s...

Page 36: ...neral setting each power sensor can be activated or deactivated individually by the Select setting on each tab However the general setting overrides the individual settings Remote command SENSe PMETer p STATe on page 118 Continuous Value Update If activated the power sensor data is updated continuously during a sweep with a long sweep time and even after a single sweep has completed This function ...

Page 37: ... COMMunicate RDEVice PMETer p COUNt on page 112 Zeroing Power Sensor Starts zeroing of the power sensor For details on the zeroing process refer to the R S ZNL User Manual Remote command CALibration PMETer p ZERO AUTO ONCE on page 113 Frequency Manual Defines the frequency of the signal to be measured The power sensor has a memory with frequency dependent correction factors This allows extreme acc...

Page 38: ...lue setting Remote command CALCulate n PMETer p RELative MAGNitude AUTO ONCE on page 114 Reference Value Defines the reference value in dBm used for relative power meter measurements Remote command CALCulate n PMETer p RELative MAGNitude on page 114 Use Ref Level Offset If activated takes the reference level offset defined for the analyzer into account for the measured power see Shifting the Displ...

Page 39: ...and activate power sen sors 1 To display the Power Sensor tab of the Input dialog box do one of the following Select Input from the Overview Select the INPUT OUTPUT key and then the PowerSensorConfig softkey 2 Select the tab for the power sensor index you want to configure e g Power Sen sor 1 3 Press Select to analyze the power sensor data according to the current configura tion when power measure...

Page 40: ...surement for the selected power sensors The results of the power measurement are displayed in the marker table Function Sensor 1 4 How to Zero the Power Sensor 1 To display the Power Sensor tab of the Input dialog box do one of the following Select Input from the Overview Select the INPUT OUTPUT key and then the PowerSensorConfig softkey 2 Select the tab that is assigned to the power sensor you wa...

Page 41: ... whose noise power level is known in advance to the R S ZNL and measure the total noise power From this value you can determine the noise power of the R S ZNL Then when you measure the power level of the actual DUT you can deduct the known noise level from the total power to obtain the power level of the DUT Remote command DIAGnostic SERVice NSOurce on page 120 5 4 Amplitude Access Overview Amplit...

Page 42: ...load status display The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams the reference level is then used as the maximum on the y axis Since the hardware of the R S ZNL is adapted according to this value it is recommen ded that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal level Thus you ensure an optimum measurement no compression good signal to noise ratio Remote co...

Page 43: ...e 110 CALCulate n UNIT POWer on page 121 Setting the Reference Level Automatically Auto Level Reference Level Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at the R S ZNL for the current input data At the same time the internal attenuators are adjusted so the signal to noise ratio is optimized while signal compression and clip ping are minimized To determine the ...

Page 44: ...ad may lead to hardware damage Remote command INPut ip ATTenuation on page 123 INPut ip ATTenuation AUTO on page 123 Impedance For some measurements the reference impedance for the measured levels of the R S ZNL can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω Select 75 Ω if the 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 Ω adapter of the RAZ type That corresponds to 25Ω in series to the input ...

Page 45: ...CALe on page 124 Ref Level Position Defines the reference level position i e the position of the maximum AD converter value on the level axis in 0 corresponds to the lower and 100 to the upper limit of the diagram Remote command DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RPOSition on page 125 Scaling Defines the scaling method for the y axis Logarithmic Logarithmic scaling only available for logarithmic uni...

Page 46: ...w n SUBWindow w TRACe t Y SPACing on page 125 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t Y SCALe MODE on page 124 Y Axis Max Defines the maximum value of the y axis in the currently selected diagram in either direction in Volts Thus the y axis scale starts at Y Axis Max and ends at Y Axis Max The maximum y axis value depends on the current reference level If the reference level is changed the Y Axis Max...

Page 47: ...r the center frequency Enter the step size in the Value field Remote command SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP on page 126 Frequency Offset Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x axis by the defined offset This parameter has no effect on the instrument s hardware or on the captured data or on data processing It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute fre quency values a...

Page 48: ...Power 49 I Q Power 49 Time 49 Trigger Level 49 Repetition Interval 50 Drop Out Time 50 Trigger Offset 50 Hysteresis 50 Trigger Holdoff 50 Slope 50 Trigger Source The trigger settings define the beginning of a measurement Trigger Source Trigger Source Selects the trigger source If a trigger source other than Free Run is set TRG is dis played in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated Re...

Page 49: ...ly available for RF input For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths see the data sheet Remote command TRIG SOUR IFP see TRIGger SEQuence SOURce on page 130 I Q Power Trigger Source Trigger Source This trigger source is only available in the I Q Analyzer application and in applications that process I Q data Triggers the measurement when the magnitude of the sampled I Q data exc...

Page 50: ...To determine the trigger point in the sample for External or IF Power trigger source use the TRACe IQ TPISample command For the Time trigger source this function is not available Remote command TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff TIME on page 128 Hysteresis Trigger Source Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed before a trigger event occurs Setting a hysteresis avo...

Page 51: ...ngs Access Overview Bandwidth Data Acquisition 51 Sweep Settings 54 5 7 1 Data Acquisition Access Overview Bandwidth Data Acquisition tab The data acquisition settings define which parts of the input signal are captured for fur ther evaluation in the applications Figure 5 3 Data acquisition settings with advanced FFT parameters Sample Rate 52 Analysis Bandwidth 52 Meas Time 52 Record Length 52 Swa...

Page 52: ...the number of I Q samples Record Length divided by the sample rate If you change the measurement time the Record Length is automatically changed as well Remote command SENSe n SWEep TIME on page 155 Record Length Defines the number of I Q samples to record By default the number of sweep points is used The record length is calculated as the measurement time multiplied by the sam ple rate If you cha...

Page 53: ...ay cause a change to one or more of the other parameters For more information see Chapter 4 2 Basics on FFT on page 20 Auto mode Default The RBW is determined automatically depending on the Sample Rate and Record Length Manual mode The RBW can be defined by the user The user defined RBW is used and the Window Length and possibly Sample Rate are adapted accordingly Advanced FFT mode This mode is us...

Page 54: ...w Function Advanced FFT mode Basic Settings In the I Q analyzer you can select one of several FFT window types The following window types are available Blackman Harris Flattop Gauss Rectangular 5 Term Remote command SENSe IQ FFT WINDow TYPE on page 136 Window Overlap Advanced FFT mode Basic Settings Defines the part of a single FFT window that is re calculated by the next FFT calcula tion when usi...

Page 55: ...p Points Thus the sweep points are not editable for this result display If the Record Length is edited the sweep points are adapted automatically For record lengths outside the valid range of sweep points i e less than 101 points or more than 100001 points the diagram does not show valid results Using fewer than 4096 sweep points with a detector other than Auto Peak may lead to wrong level results...

Page 56: ...p Count The measurement stops after the defined number of sweeps has been performed While the measurement is running the Single Sweep softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the high lighted softkey or key again Note Sequencer If the Sequencer is active the Single Sweep softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channe...

Page 57: ...13 Up to 6 evaluations can be displayed in the I Q Analyzer at any time including several graphical diagrams marker tables or peak lists The selected evaluation method not only affects the result display in a window but also the results of the trace data query in remote control see TRACe n DATA on page 208 5 9 Adjusting Settings Automatically Access Overview Amplitude Frequency Auto Settings Some ...

Page 58: ...erence Level Automatically Auto Level 58 Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time MeastimeAuto 59 Changing the Automatic Measurement Time MeastimeManual 59 Upper Level Hysteresis 59 Lower Level Hysteresis 59 Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically Auto All Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings This includes Auto Frequency Auto Level Remote comm...

Page 59: ...lled optional hardware Thus the measurement duration actually used to determine the automatic settings may be shorter than the value you define here Remote command SENSe ADJust CONFigure DURation MODE on page 141 SENSe ADJust CONFigure DURation on page 140 Upper Level Hysteresis When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function the internal attenuators are also adjus...

Page 60: ...to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 6 Analysis on page 60 Trace Settings 60 Spectrogram Settings 64 Trace Data Export Configuration 69 Marker Usage 72 6 1 Trace Settings Access Overview Analysis Traces Or TRACE Trace You can configure the settings for up to 6 individual traces Trace data can also be exported to an ASCII file for further analysis For details see Chapter 6 3 Trace Data E...

Page 61: ...BWindow w TRACe t STATe on page 158 TraceMode Defines the update mode for subsequent traces Clear Write Overwrite mode default the trace is overwritten by each sweep Max Hold The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and dis played The R S ZNL saves each trace point in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one Min Hold The minimum value is determined from se...

Page 62: ...ines the selected detector type Remote command SENSe WINDow n DETector t FUNCtion on page 160 SENSe WINDow n DETector t FUNCtion AUTO on page 160 Hold If activated traces in Min Hold Max Hold and Average mode are not reset after specific parameter changes have been made Normally the measurement is started again after parameter changes before the mea surement results are analyzed e g using a marker...

Page 63: ...aging mode for correct power measurements in FFT sweep mode Remote command SENSe AVERage n TYPE on page 159 Predefined Trace Settings Quick Config Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very quickly by selecting the appropriate button Function Trace Settings Preset All Traces Trace 1 Clear Write Traces 2 6 Blank Set Trace Mode Max Avg Min Trace 1 Max Hold Trace 2 ...

Page 64: ...re For set tings on color mapping see Chapter 6 2 2 Color Map Settings on page 67 Settings concerning the frames and how they are handled during a sweep are provided as additional sweep settings for spectrogram display See Chapter 5 7 2 Sweep Settings on page 54 Search functions for spectrogram markers are described in Chapter 6 4 2 2 Marker Search Settings for Spectrograms on page 80 General Spec...

Page 65: ...s a Spectrogram subwindow On Displays the Spectrogram as a subwindow in the original result dis play Off Closes the Spectrogram subwindow Remote command CALCulate n SPECtrogram LAYout on page 165 3D Spectrogram State Activates and deactivates a 3 dimensional spectrogram As opposed to the common 2 dimensional spectrogram the power is not only indicated by a color mapping but also in a third dimensi...

Page 66: ...the maximum number of frames depending on the number of sweep points see the R S ZNL User Manual If the memory is full the R S ZNL deletes the oldest frames stored in the memory and replaces them with the new data Remote command CALCulate n SPECtrogram HDEPth on page 164 3 D Display Depth Defines the number of frames displayed in a 3 dimensional spectrogram For details see the R S ZNL User Manual ...

Page 67: ...d The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the high lighted softkey or key again Note Sequencer If the Sequencer is active the Single Sweep softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel setup However the sweep mode only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel setup and only for a channel defined sequence In this case the Sequencer sweeps...

Page 68: ...the distribution of measured values 8 Scale of the horizontal axis value range Start Stop 68 Shape 68 Hot Cold Radar Grayscale 69 Auto 69 Set to Default 69 Close 69 Start Stop Defines the lower and upper boundaries of the value range of the spectrogram Remote command DISPlay WINDow n SPECtrogram COLor LOWer on page 168 DISPlay WINDow n SPECtrogram COLor UPPer on page 169 Shape Defines the shape an...

Page 69: ...DEFault on page 168 Close Saves the changes and closes the dialog box 6 3 Trace Data Export Configuration Access Save Export Trace Export Configuration Or TRACE Trace Trace Data Export The R S ZNL provides various evaluation methods for the results of the performed measurements However you may want to evaluate the data with other external appli cations In this case you can export the measurement d...

Page 70: ... in the same order as they are displayed on the screen window by window trace by trace and table row by table row Remote command FORMat DEXPort TRACes on page 212 Include Instrument Measurement Settings Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export file for result data Remote command FORMat DEXPort HEADer on page 211 Trace to Export Defines an individual trace...

Page 71: ...ort Trace to ASCII File Determines the format of the ASCII file to be imported or exported Depending on the external program in which the data file was created or is evaluated a comma separated list CSV or a plain data format DAT file is required Remote command FORMat DEXPort FORMat on page 211 Decimal Separator Export Trace to ASCII File Defines the decimal separator for floating point numerals f...

Page 72: ...ed sample rate see Chapter 4 1 1 Sample Rate and Maximum Usable I Q Bandwidth for RF Input on page 18 Marker Settings 72 Marker Search Settings and Positioning Functions 77 Marker Search Settings for Spectrograms 85 Marker Functions 88 6 4 1 Marker Settings Or MKR MarkerConfig The remote commands required to define these settings are described in Chap ter 9 7 3 1 Setting Up Individual Markers on p...

Page 73: ...3 Marker State 73 Marker Position X value 74 Frame Spectrogram only 74 Marker Type 74 Reference Marker 74 Linking to Another Marker 74 Assigning the Marker to a Trace 75 Select Marker 75 All Marker Off 75 Selected Marker Marker name The marker which is currently selected for editing is highlighted orange Remote command Marker selected via suffix m in remote commands Marker State Activates or deact...

Page 74: ...nly switches the type of the selected marker Normal A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram Delta A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the speci fied reference marker marker 1 by default Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m STATe on page 174 CALCulate n DELTamarker m STATe on page 172 Reference Marker Defines a marker as the referenc...

Page 75: ...ously assigned to a different trace the marker remains on the previous frequency or time but indicates the value of the new trace If a trace is turned off the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactiva ted Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m TRACe on page 175 Select Marker The Select Marker function opens a dialog box to select and activate or deactivate one or more markers quickly Re...

Page 76: ...ormation in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram Off No separate marker table is displayed If Marker Info is active the marker information is displayed within the diagram area Auto Default If more than two markers are active the marker table is dis played automatically If Marker Info is active the marker information for up to two markers is displayed in the diagram area Remote command DI...

Page 77: ...Search or MKR TO Several functions are available to set the marker to a specific position very quickly and easily or to use the current marker position to define another characteristic value In order to determine the required marker position searches may be performed The search results can be influenced by special settings For more information on searching for signal peaks see Chapter 6 4 4 2 Mark...

Page 78: ...79 Peak Excursion 79 Auto Max Peak Search Auto Min Peak Search 79 Search Limits 79 Search Limits Left Right 79 Search Threshold 80 Use Zoom Limits 80 Deactivating All Search Limits 80 Branch for Peaksearch 80 Search Mode for Next Peak Selects the search mode for the next peak search Left Determines the next maximum minimum to the left of the current peak Absolute Determines the next maximum minimu...

Page 79: ... is 0 1 dB The default setting for the peak excursion is 6 dB For analog demodulation the unit and value range depend on the selected result dis play type For more information see Chapter 6 4 4 2 Marker Peak List on page 91 Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m PEXCursion on page 177 Auto Max Peak Search Auto Min Peak Search If activated a maximum or minimum peak search is performed automatically fo...

Page 80: ... data This function is only available for the display configuration Real Imag I Q see Real Imag I Q on page 15 Note The search settings apply to all markers not only the currently selected one Real Marker search functions are performed on the real trace of the I Q measurement Imag Marker search functions are performed on the imaginary trace of the I Q measurement Magnitude Marker search functions ...

Page 81: ...the next peak search within the currently selected frame Left Determines the next maximum minimum to the left of the current peak Absolute Determines the next maximum minimum to either side of the current peak Right Determines the next maximum minimum to the right of the current peak Remote command Chapter 9 7 3 5 Positioning the Marker on page 190 Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction Selects ...

Page 82: ...on page 185 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MINimum NEXT on page 190 Marker Search Type Defines the type of search to be performed in the spectrogram X Search Searches only within the currently selected frame Y Search Searches within all frames but only at the current frequency position XY Search Searches in all frames at all positions Remote command Defined by the search function see Chap...

Page 83: ...as an additional condition for the peak search Only peaks that exceed the threshold are detected Remote command CALCulate n THReshold on page 180 Use Zoom Limits Search Limits If activated the peak search is restricted to the active zoom area defined for a single zoom Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits ZOOM STATe on page 180 Deactivating All Search Limits Search Limits Deactivates the s...

Page 84: ... command CALCulate n MARKer m MINimum PEAK on page 193 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum PEAK on page 196 Search Next Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next higher minimum of the selected trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated For spectrogram displays define which frame the next minimum is to be searched in Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m MINimum NEXT on page 193...

Page 85: ...me x direction and within several time frames y direction These settings are only available for spectrogram displays Search Mode for Next Peak in X Direction 85 Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction 86 Marker Search Type 86 Marker Search Area 86 Peak Excursion 87 Search Limits 87 Search Limits Left Right 87 Search Threshold 87 Use Zoom Limits 87 Deactivating All Search Limits 87 Search Mode for...

Page 86: ...CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum BELow on page 188 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum NEXT on page 184 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum NEXT on page 189 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum ABOVe on page 185 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MINimum ABOVe on page 189 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum BELow on page 185 CALCulate n DELTamark...

Page 87: ...miting the search area or adding search con ditions Search Limits Left Right Search Limits If activated limit lines are defined and displayed for the search Only results within the limited search range are considered Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits STATe on page 178 CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits LEFT on page 179 CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits RIGHt on page 179 Search Threshold Searc...

Page 88: ...ave a reference value can also be calculated as reference power values in dB In this case the result of the band power deltamarker is the difference between the absolute power in the band around the delta marker and the absolute power for the ref erence marker The powers are subtracted logarithmically so the result is a dB value Relative band power Delta2 in dB absolute band power Delta2 in dBm ab...

Page 89: ...d as a band power marker all other marker functions for this marker are deactivated If the detector mode for the marker trace is set to Auto the RMS detector is used The individual marker settings correspond to those defined in the Marker dialog box see Chapter 6 4 1 1 Individual Marker Setup on page 72 Any settings to the marker state or type changed in the Marker Function dialog box are also cha...

Page 90: ...n is indicated by lines in the diagram Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion BPOWer SPAN on page 198 CALCulate n DELTamarker m FUNCtion BPOWer SPAN on page 200 Power Mode Defines the mode of the power measurement result For analog demodulation measurements the power mode is not editable for AM FM or PM spectrum results In this case the marker function does not determine a power value but ra...

Page 91: ...ber of peak values for one sweep Marker Peak List Updating the marker position to the current peak value automatically after each sweep Auto Peak Search Peak search limits The peak search can be restricted to a search area The search area is defined by limit lines which are also indicated in the diagram In addition a minimum value threshold can be defined as a further search condition When is a pe...

Page 92: ...ller peaks M3 M4 and M5 in the example above a peak excursion of at least 60 dB is required In this case the amplitude must rise at least 60 dB before falling again before a peak is detected Marker peak list The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum It is updated automatically after each sweep How many peaks are displayed can be defined as well as the sort...

Page 93: ...eak List 94 Peak List State Activates deactivates the marker peak list If activated the peak list is displayed and the peaks are indicated in the trace display For each listed peak the frequency time X value and level Y Value values are given Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion FPEaks STATe on page 203 Sort Mode Defines whether the peak list is sorted according to the x values or y values...

Page 94: ...ormation see Chapter 6 4 4 2 Marker Peak List on page 91 Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m PEXCursion on page 177 Display MarkerNumbers By default the marker numbers are indicated in the diagram so you can find the peaks from the list However for large numbers of peaks the marker numbers may decrease readability in this case deactivate the marker number display Remote command CALCulate n MARKer ...

Page 95: ...e level or other set tings that affect the input signal s amplitude and scaling 5 Select the Frequency button to define the input signal s center frequency 6 Optionally select the Trigger button and define a trigger for data acquisition for example an I Q Power trigger to start capturing data only when a specific power is exceeded 7 Select the Bandwidth button and define the bandwidth parameters f...

Page 96: ...up to six displays that are of interest to you Arrange them on the display to suit your preferences 4 Exit the SmartGrid mode and select the Overview softkey to display the Over view again 5 Select the Analysis button in the Overview to make use of the advanced analy sis functions in the displays Configure a trace to display the average over a series of sweeps on the Trace tab if necessary increas...

Page 97: ...location and enter a file name 8 Select Save The captured data is stored to a file with the extension iq tar Importing I Q data 1 Press the MODE key and select the I Q Analyzer or any other application that supports I Q data 2 If necessary switch to single sweep mode by pressing the RUN SINGLE key 3 Select the Open icon in the toolbar 4 Select the I Q Import softkey 5 Select the storage location a...

Page 98: ...How to Export and Import I Q Data R S ZNL 98 User Manual 1178 5989 02 06 4 Drag the I Q parameter XML file e g example xml into your web browser ...

Page 99: ... 104 Configuring I Q Analyzer Measurements 109 Configuring the Result Display 143 Capturing Data and Performing Sweeps 150 I Q Analysis 156 Retrieving Results 204 Importing and Exporting I Q Data and Results 214 Programming Examples 216 9 1 Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instru ment or software They operate its functions setting commands or event...

Page 100: ...arameters Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values Conformity Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI con firmed All commands used by the R S ZNL follow the SCPI syntax rules Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish ex...

Page 101: ...indow 4 9 1 4 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compli ance You can include them in the header or not Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword Otherwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with sq...

Page 102: ...th sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the com mand uses the basic unit Example With unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in cas...

Page 103: ... in case of errors 9 1 6 2 Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represen ted by ON or a numeric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Querying Boolean parameters When you query Boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPl...

Page 104: ...ate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length 9 2 Common Suffixes In the I Q Analyzer application the following common suffixes are used in remote com mands Table 9 1 Common suffixes used in remote commands in the I Q Analyzer application Suffix Value rang...

Page 105: ...rument LIST 106 INSTrument REName 107 INSTrument SELect 107 SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXEC 108 TRACe IQ EVAL 108 TRACe IQ STATe 108 INSTrument CREate DUPLicate This command duplicates the currently selected channel setup i e creates a new chan nel setup of the same type and with the identical measurement settings The name of the new channel setup is the same as the copied channel setup extended by a c...

Page 106: ...etup see INSTrument LIST on page 106 Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters and must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file names In particular they must not contain special characters such as Usage Setting only INSTrument DELete ChannelName This command deletes a channel setup Setting parameters ChannelName String containing the name of the channel setup you want to delete...

Page 107: ...me extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel setup INSTrument REName ChannelName1 ChannelName2 This command renames a channel setup Setting parameters ChannelName1 String containing the name of the channel setup you want to rename ChannelName2 String containing the new channel setup name Note that you cannot assign an existing channel setup name to a new channel setup this will c...

Page 108: ...for Spectrum2 SYST PRES CHAN EXEC Restores the factory default settings to the Spectrum2 channel setup Usage Event Manual operation See Preset Channel Setup on page 29 TRACe IQ EVAL State This command turns I Q data analysis on and off Before you can use this command you have to turn on the I Q data acquisition using INST CRE NEW IQ or INST CRE REPL or using the TRACe IQ STATe com mand to replace ...

Page 109: ... Switches the function on Example TRAC IQ ON Switches on I Q data acquisition 9 4 Configuring I Q Analyzer Measurements The following commands configure the I Q Analyzer measurements Configuring the Data Input and Output 109 Configuring the Vertical Axis Amplitude Scaling 121 Frequency 126 Triggering 127 Configuring Data Acquisition 134 Adjusting Settings Automatically 140 9 4 1 Configuring the Da...

Page 110: ...nism see RF Input Protection on page 33 Suffix ip 1 2 irrelevant Example INP ATT PROT RES INPut ip IMPedance Impedance This command selects the nominal input impedance of the RF input In some applica tions only 50 Ω are supported Suffix ip 1 2 irrelevant Parameters Impedance 50 75 RST 50 Ω Default unit OHM Example INP IMP 75 Manual operation See Impedance on page 33 See Unit on page 43 INPut ip SE...

Page 111: ...x ip 1 2 irrelevant Parameters FileName String containing the path and name of the source file The file extension is iq tar AnalysisBW Optionally The analysis bandwidth to be used by the measure ment The bandwidth must be smaller than or equal to the band width of the data that was stored in the file Default unit HZ Example INP FILE PATH C R_S Instr user data iq tar Uses I Q data from the specifie...

Page 112: ...ice PMETer p COUNt This command queries the number of power sensors currently connected to the R S ZNL Suffix p Power sensor index Return values NumberSensors Number of connected power sensors Example SYST COMM RDEV PMET COUN Usage Query only Manual operation See Select on page 36 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice PMETer p DEFine Placeholder Type Interface SerialNo This command assigns the power sensor w...

Page 113: ... p RELative STATe 114 FETCh PMETer p 115 READ PMETer p 115 SENSe PMETer p DCYCle STATe 115 SENSe PMETer p DCYCle VALue 115 SENSe PMETer p FREQuency 116 SENSe PMETer p FREQuency LINK 116 SENSe PMETer p MTIMe 117 SENSe PMETer p MTIMe AVERage COUNt 117 SENSe PMETer p MTIMe AVERage STATe 117 SENSe PMETer p ROFFset STATe 118 SENSe PMETer p STATe 118 SENSe PMETer p UPDate STATe 118 UNIT n PMETer p POWer...

Page 114: ... PMETer p RELative MAGNitude AUTO ONCE This command sets the current measurement result as the reference level for relative measurements Suffix n Window p Power sensor index Example CALC PMET2 REL AUTO ONCE Takes the current measurement value as reference value for rel ative measurements for power sensor 2 Usage Event Manual operation See Setting the Reference Level from the Measurement Meas Ref o...

Page 115: ... p This command initiates a power sensor measurement and queries the results Suffix p Power sensor index Usage Query only SENSe PMETer p DCYCle STATe State This command turns the duty cycle correction on and off Suffix p Power sensor index Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example PMET2 DCYC STAT ON Manual operation See Duty Cycle on page 39 ...

Page 116: ... data sheet of the power sensor in use RST 50 MHz Default unit HZ Example PMET2 FREQ 1GHZ Sets the frequency of the power sensor to 1 GHz Manual operation See Frequency Manual on page 37 SENSe PMETer p FREQuency LINK Coupling This command selects the frequency coupling for power sensor measurements Suffix p Power sensor index Parameters Coupling CENTer Couples the frequency to the center frequency...

Page 117: ...r sensor measurements Extended averaging yields more stable results for power sensor measurements espe cially for measurements on signals with a low power because it minimizes the effects of noise Suffix p Power sensor index Parameters NumberReadings An average count of 0 or 1 performs one power reading Range 0 to 256 Increment binary steps 1 2 4 8 Example PMET2 MTIM AVER ON Activates manual avera...

Page 118: ...n on Example PMET2 ROFF OFF Takes no offset into account for the measured power Manual operation See Use Ref Level Offset on page 38 SENSe PMETer p STATe State This command turns a power sensor on and off Suffix p Power sensor index Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example PMET1 ON Switches the power sensor measurements on Manual operation S...

Page 119: ...elects the unit for absolute power sensor measurements Suffix n irrelevant p Power sensor index Parameters Unit DBM WATT W RST DBM Example UNIT PMET POW DBM Manual operation See Unit Scale on page 37 UNIT n PMETer p POWer RATio Unit This command selects the unit for relative power sensor measurements Suffix n irrelevant p Power sensor index Parameters Unit DB PCT RST DB Example UNIT PMET POW RAT D...

Page 120: ... demodulated signals This setting applies only to the current application The command is available in the time domain in Spectrum mode and in Analog Demodulation mode To set the volume use the SYSTem SPEaker VOLume command Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example SYST SPE ON SYST SPE VOL 0 5 Sets the loudspeaker to half the full volume SYSTe...

Page 121: ...Se ADJust LEVel on page 142 Remote commands exclusive to amplitude configuration CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion REFerence 121 CALCulate n UNIT POWer 121 UNIT n POWer 121 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel 122 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet 122 CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion REFerence This command matches the reference level to the power level of a marker If you use the command i...

Page 122: ...set Suffix n irrelevant t irrelevant Parameters ReferenceLevel The unit is variable Range see datasheet RST 0 dBm Default unit DBM Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV 60dBm Manual operation See Reference Level on page 42 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet Offset This command defines a reference level offset for all traces in all windows Suffix n irrelevant t irrelevant Parameters Offset Range 200...

Page 123: ...ion from the reference level Manual operation See Attenuation Mode Value on page 43 INPut ip EATT AUTO State INPut ip ATTenuation AUTO State This command couples or decouples the attenuation to the reference level Thus when the reference level is changed the R S ZNL determines the signal level for optimal internal data processing and sets the required attenuation accordingly For the R S ZNL these ...

Page 124: ...ee Range on page 45 See Y Axis Max on page 46 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe AUTO ONCE Automatic scaling of the y axis is performed once then switched off again for all traces Suffix n Window t irrelevant DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t Y SCALe MODE arg0 This command selects the type of scaling of the y axis for all traces When the display update during remote control is off this command ha...

Page 125: ...isplay border RST 100 PCT frequency display 50 PCT time dis play Default unit PCT Example DISP TRAC Y RPOS 50PCT Manual operation See Ref Level Position on page 45 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t Y SPACing ScalingType This command selects the scaling of the y axis for all traces t is irrelevant Suffix n Window w subwindow t Trace Parameters ScalingType LOGarithmic Logarithmic scaling LINear L...

Page 126: ...rker 2 Manual operation See Center Frequency Marker Frequency on page 84 SENSe FREQuency CENTer Frequency This command defines the center frequency Parameters Frequency The allowed range and fmax is specified in the data sheet RST fmax 2 Default unit Hz Example FREQ CENT 100 MHz FREQ CENT STEP 10 MHz FREQ CENT UP Sets the center frequency to 110 MHz Manual operation See Center Frequency on page 47...

Page 127: ...Hz the application assumes that the input signal was frequency shifted outside the application All results of type frequency will be corrected for this shift numerically by the application See also Frequency Offset on page 47 Parameters Offset Range 100 GHz to 100 GHz RST 0 Hz Default unit HZ Example FREQ OFFS 1GHZ Manual operation See Frequency Offset on page 47 9 4 4 Triggering The following rem...

Page 128: ...st stay below the trigger level before a trigger is detected again Parameters DropoutTime Dropout time of the trigger Range 0 s to 10 0 s RST 0 s Default unit S Manual operation See Drop Out Time on page 50 TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff TIME Offset Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the sweep Parameters Offset For measurements in the frequency domain the range is 0 s to ...

Page 129: ...B Sets the hysteresis limit value Manual operation See Hysteresis on page 50 TRIGger tp SEQuence LEVel EXTernal port TriggerLevel This command defines the level the external signal must exceed to cause a trigger event In the I Q Analyzer application only EXTernal1 is supported Suffix tp irrelevant Parameters TriggerLevel For the R S ZNL the external trigger level is always 1 4 V It cannot be chang...

Page 130: ...l is analyzed If defined a reference level offset is also considered Parameters TriggerLevel Range 130 dBm to 30 dBm RST 20 dBm Default unit DBM Example TRIG LEV IQP 30DBM Manual operation See Trigger Level on page 49 TRIGger SEQuence SLOPe Type Parameters Type POSitive NEGative POSitive Triggers when the signal rises to the trigger level rising edge NEGative Triggers when the signal drops to the ...

Page 131: ...in and only in the Spectrum application BBPower Baseband power for digital input via the optional Digital Base band Interface RST IMMediate Example TRIG SOUR EXT Selects the external trigger input as source of the trigger signal Manual operation See Trigger Source on page 48 See Free Run on page 48 See ExternalTrigger 1 on page 49 See IF Power on page 49 See I Q Power on page 49 See Time on page 4...

Page 132: ...e triggered capturing After a trigger signal the gate period is defined by a gate length and a gate dis tance All data in the gate period is captured until the required number of samples has been captured Level triggered capturing After a trigger signal all data is captured in which the gate signal is set to 1 which means it has exceeded a level In this case the gate signal can be generated by the...

Page 133: ...Q analyzer Parameters GateLength numeric value Max 440 MS sample rate 200MHz 1 pretrigger samples defined by TRACe IQ SET sample rate defined by TRACe IQ SRATe Range 1 Max samples RST 100 Example TRAC IQ EGAT LENG 2000 TRACe IQ EGATe NOF Number This command defines the number of gate periods after the trigger signal for gated measurements with the I Q analyzer Parameters Number Range 1 to 1023 RST...

Page 134: ...FFT ALGorithm 135 SENSe IQ FFT LENGth 136 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow LENGth 136 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow OVERlap 136 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow TYPE 136 SENSe SWAPiq 137 TRACe IQ BWIDth 137 TRACe IQ RLENgth 137 TRACe IQ SET 138 TRACe IQ SRATe 139 TRACe IQ TPISample 139 SENSe IQ BANDwidth MODE Mode SENSe IQ BWIDth MODE Mode This command defines how the resolution bandwidth is determined Parameters Mode AUTO MANual FF...

Page 135: ...D MODE MAN Switches to manual RBW mode IQ BAND RES 120000 Sets the RBW to 120 kHz Manual operation See RBW on page 53 SENSe IQ FFT ALGorithm Method Defines the FFT calculation method Parameters Method SINGle One FFT is calculated for the entire record length if the FFT length is larger than the record length see SENSe IQ FFT LENGth and TRACe IQ RLENgth zeros are appended to the captured data AVERa...

Page 136: ...ed in a single FFT window when multiple FFT windows are used Parameters NoOfFFT integer value Range 3 to 1001 RST 1001 Example IQ FFT WIND LENG 500 Manual operation See Window Length on page 54 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow OVERlap Rate Defines the part of a single FFT window that is re calculated by the next FFT calcula tion Parameters Rate double value Percentage rate Range 0 to 1 RST 0 75 Example IQ FFT ...

Page 137: ...ate for it Parameters State ON 1 I and Q signals are interchanged Inverted sideband Q j I OFF 0 I and Q signals are not interchanged Normal sideband I j Q RST 0 Manual operation See Swap I Q on page 52 TRACe IQ BWIDth This command defines or queries the bandwidth of the resampling filter The bandwidth of the resampling filter depends on the sample rate Parameters Bandwidth Default unit HZ Manual o...

Page 138: ...with TRACe IQ DATA the following minimum buffer sizes for the response data are recommended ASCII format 10 kBytes 4 Binary format 2 kBytes Parameters NORM This value is always NORM 0 This value is always 0 SampleRate Sample rate for the data acquisition Range 100 Hz to 10 GHz continuously adjustable RST 32000000 TriggerMode Selection of the trigger source used for the measurement IMMediate EXTern...

Page 139: ...IQ SRATe SampleRate This command sets the final user sample rate for the acquired I Q data Thus the user sample rate can be modified without affecting the actual data capturing settings on the R S ZNL Parameters SampleRate RST 32 MHz Manual operation See Sample Rate on page 52 TRACe IQ TPISample This command queries the time offset between the sample start and the trigger event trigger point in sa...

Page 140: ...gure DURation 140 SENSe ADJust CONFigure DURation MODE 141 SENSe ADJust CONFigure HYSTeresis LOWer 141 SENSe ADJust CONFigure HYSTeresis UPPer 142 SENSe ADJust CONFigure TRIGger 142 SENSe ADJust FREQuency 142 SENSe ADJust LEVel 142 SENSe ADJust ALL This command initiates a measurement to determine and set the ideal settings for the current task automatically only once for the current measurement T...

Page 141: ... length defined by SENSe ADJust CONFigure DURation on page 140 RST AUTO Manual operation See Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time Measti meAuto on page 59 See Changing the Automatic Measurement Time Meastime Manual on page 59 SENSe ADJust CONFigure HYSTeresis LOWer Threshold When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the SENSe ADJust LEVel on page 142 command the internal attenua...

Page 142: ... page 59 SENSe ADJust CONFigure TRIGger State Defines the behavior of the measurement when adjusting a setting automatically using SENS ADJ LEV ON for example Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on SENSe ADJust FREQuency This command sets the center frequency to the frequency with the highest signal level in the current frequency range Example ADJ...

Page 143: ...n the screen permanently use the LAY SPL command see LAYout SPLitter on page 147 Suffix n Window Parameters Size LARGe Maximizes the selected window to full screen Other windows are still active in the background SMALl Reduces the size of the selected window to its original size If more than one measurement window was displayed originally these are visible again RST SMALl Example DISP WIND2 SIZE L...

Page 144: ...ing the name of the existing window the new win dow is inserted next to By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows use the LAYout CATalog WINDow query Direction LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow Direction the new window is added relative to the existing win dow WindowType text value Type of result display evaluation method you want to add Se...

Page 145: ...ndowName_n WindowIndex_n Return values WindowName string Name of the window In the default state the name of the window is its index WindowIndex numeric value Index of the window Example LAY CAT Result 2 2 1 1 Two windows are displayed named 2 at the top or left and 1 at the bottom or right Usage Query only LAYout IDENtify WINDow WindowName This command queries the index of a particular display wi...

Page 146: ...RIGHt ABOVe BELow REPLace Destination the selected window is moved to relative to the ref erence window Example LAY MOVE 4 1 LEFT Moves the window named 4 to the left of window 1 Example LAY MOVE 1 3 REPL Replaces the window named 3 by window 1 Window 3 is deleted Usage Setting only LAYout REMove WINDow WindowName Setting parameters WindowName Usage Setting only LAYout REPLace WINDow WindowName Wi...

Page 147: ...1 Index2 Position This command changes the position of a splitter and thus controls the size of the win dows on each side of the splitter Note that windows must have a certain minimum size If the position you define con flicts with the minimum size of any of the affected windows the command will not work but does not return an error Figure 9 1 SmartGrid coordinates for remote control of the splitt...

Page 148: ...3 Marker Peak List towards the top 70 of the screen The following commands have the exact same effect as any combination of windows above and below the splitter moves the splitter vertically LAY SPL 3 2 70 LAY SPL 4 1 70 LAY SPL 2 1 70 Usage Setting only LAYout WINDow n ADD Direction WindowType This command adds a measurement window to the display Note that with this com mand the suffix n determin...

Page 149: ...tate the name of the window is its index Example LAY WIND2 IDEN Queries the name of the result display in window 2 Response 2 Usage Query only LAYout WINDow n REMove This command removes the window specified by the suffix n from the display in the active channel setup The result of this command is identical to the LAYout REMove WINDow command Suffix n Window Example LAY WIND2 REM Removes the resul...

Page 150: ...sult data but it requires the control computer to wait actively for the response data Setting up the instrument starting the measurement via INIT and querying the result list at the end of the measurement see TRACe IQ DATA MEMory on page 205 With this method the control computer can be used for other activities during the measurement However the additional time needed for synchronization via servi...

Page 151: ...g on the used interface and protocol send the following commands Visa viClear Now you can send the ABORt command on the remote channel performing the mea surement Example ABOR INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and immediately starts a new one Example ABOR WAI INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and starts a new one once abortion has been completed Usage Event INITiate n CONMeas This comm...

Page 152: ...6 INITiate n IMMediate This command starts a single new measurement With sweep count or average count 0 this means a restart of the corresponding number of measurements With trace mode MAXHold MINHold and AVERage the previous results are reset on restarting the measurement You can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAI Suffix n irrelevant Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to si...

Page 153: ... on page 155 A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R S ZNL User Manual Note In order to synchronize to the end of a sequential measurement using OPC OPC or WAI you must use SINGle Sequence mode For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R S ZNL User Manual Parameters Mode SINGle Each measurement is performed once regardless of the...

Page 154: ... count has been reached Example SWE COUN 64 Sets the number of sweeps to 64 INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for its end Manual operation See Sweep Average Count on page 55 SENSe SWEep COUNt CURRent This query returns the current number of started sweeps or measurements This com mand is only available if a sweep count value is defined and the instrument...

Page 155: ...current settings determined automati cally Default unit S Example SWE TIME 10s Manual operation See Meas Time on page 52 SYSTem SEQuencer State This command turns the Sequencer on and off The Sequencer must be active before any other Sequencer commands INIT SEQ are executed otherwise an error will occur A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R S ZNL User M...

Page 156: ...d Traces Useful commands for trace configuration described elsewhere DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t Y SPACing on page 125 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe on page 124 Remote commands exclusive to trace configuration DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t MODE 156 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t MODE HCONtinuous 157 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t STATe 158 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t SM...

Page 157: ...ory only if the new value is greater than the previous one MINHold The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed The R S ZNL saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one VIEW The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and dis played BLANk Hides the selected trace RST Trace 1 WRITe Trace 2 6 BLANk Example INIT CON...

Page 158: ...ee Hold on page 62 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t STATe State This command turns a trace on and off The measurement continues in the background Suffix n Window w subwindow t Trace Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example DISP TRAC3 ON Manual operation See Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 Trace 5 Trace 6 on page 61 See Trace 1 Trace 2 Tr...

Page 159: ...e is smoothed by the value specified using DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow w TRACe t SMOothing APERture on page 158 For more information see the R S ZNL User Manual Suffix n Window w subwindow t Trace Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example DISP3 TRAC2 SMO ON Turns on trace smoothing for trace 2 in window 3 SENSe AVERage n TYPE Mode This command...

Page 160: ...Se WINDow n DETector t FUNCtion Detector Defines the trace detector to be used for trace analysis Suffix n Window t Trace Parameters Detector APEak Autopeak NEGative Negative peak POSitive Positive peak SAMPle First value detected per trace point RMS RMS value AVERage Average RST APEak Example DET POS Sets the detector to positive peak Manual operation See Detector on page 62 SENSe WINDow n DETect...

Page 161: ...Copy Trace on page 63 SENSe AVERage n COUNt AverageCount TRACe IQ AVERage COUNt NumberSets This command defines the number of I Q data sets that the averaging is based on Parameters NumberSets Range 0 to 32767 RST 0 Example TRAC IQ ON Switches on acquisition of I Q data TRAC IQ AVER ON Enables averaging of the I Q measurement data TRAC IQ AVER COUN 10 Selects averaging over 10 data sets TRAC IQ DA...

Page 162: ...ibed here For details and manual operation see Chapter 6 2 Spectrogram Settings on page 64 When configuring spectrograms the window suffix is irrelevant The settings are always applied to the spectrogram window or to all spectrogram windows if several are active for the same channel setup For commands to set markers in spectrograms see Chapter 9 7 3 4 Marker Search Spectrograms on page 181 9 7 2 1...

Page 163: ...fer Suffix n 1 n irrelevant Example CALC SGR CLE Resets the result display and clears the memory Manual operation See Clear Spectrogram on page 67 CALCulate n SGRam CONTinuous State CALCulate n SPECtrogram CONTinuous State This command determines whether the results of the last measurement are deleted before starting a new measurement in single sweep mode This setting applies to all spectrograms i...

Page 164: ...SPECtrogram FRAMe SELect Frame Time This command selects a specific frame for further analysis The command is available if no measurement is running or after a single sweep has ended Suffix n irrelevant Parameters Frame Selects a frame directly by the frame number Valid if the time stamp is off The range depends on the history depth Default unit S Time Selects a frame via its time stamp Valid if t...

Page 165: ...f spectrograms The command is available for result displays that support spectrograms Suffix n Window Parameters State ON Spectrogram and trace diagram share a window OFF Only the trace diagram is displayed the spectrogram is not RST OFF Example CALC4 SPEC LAY FULL Shows the spectrogram in window 4 The corresponding trace diagram is hidden Manual operation See State on page 65 CALCulate n SGRam ST...

Page 166: ...n Window Parameters Trace TRACe1 TRACe2 TRACe3 TRACe4 TRACe5 TRACe6 Example CALC SPEC TRAC TRACe1 CALCulate n SGRam TSTamp DATA Frames CALCulate n SPECtrogram TSTamp DATA Frames This command queries the starting time of the frames The return values consist of four values for each frame If the Spectrogram is empty the command returns 0 0 0 0 The times are given as delta values which simplifies eval...

Page 167: ... CALCulate n SGRam TSTamp STATe State CALCulate n SPECtrogram TSTamp STATe State This command activates and deactivates the time stamp If the time stamp is active some commands do not address frames as numbers but as relative time values CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram FRAMe on page 187 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram FRAMe on page 182 CALCulate n SPECtrogram FRAMe SELect on page 164 Suffix...

Page 168: ...Set to Default on page 69 DISPlay WINDow n SGRam COLor LOWer Percentage DISPlay WINDow n SPECtrogram COLor LOWer Percentage This command defines the starting point of the color map Suffix n Window Parameters Percentage Statistical frequency percentage Range 0 to 66 RST 0 Default unit Example DISP WIND SGR COL LOW 10 Sets the start of the color map to 10 Manual operation See Start Stop on page 68 D...

Page 169: ...ram COLor STYLe ColorScheme This command selects the color scheme Parameters ColorScheme HOT Uses a color range from blue to red Blue colors indicate low lev els red colors indicate high ones COLD Uses a color range from red to blue Red colors indicate low lev els blue colors indicate high ones RADar Uses a color range from black over green to light turquoise with shades of green in between GRAYsc...

Page 170: ...DELTamarker m MREFerence 172 CALCulate n DELTamarker m STATe 172 CALCulate n DELTamarker m TRACe 173 CALCulate n DELTamarker m X 173 CALCulate n MARKer m AOFF 173 CALCulate n MARKer ms LINK TO MARKer md 174 CALCulate n MARKer m STATe 174 CALCulate n MARKer m TRACe 175 CALCulate n MARKer m X 175 CALCulate n DELTamarker m AOFF This command turns off all delta markers Suffix n Window m irrelevant Exa...

Page 171: ...nges its horizontal position to the same value Suffix n Window ms source marker see Marker md destination marker see Marker Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example CALC DELT4 LINK TO MARK2 ON Links the delta marker 4 to the marker 2 Manual operation See Linking to Another Marker on page 74 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MODE Mode This command de...

Page 172: ...ay be another marker or the fixed reference Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters Reference 1 to 16 Selects markers 1 to 16 as the reference FIXed Selects the fixed reference as the reference Example CALC DELT3 MREF 2 Specifies that the values of delta marker 3 are relative to marker 2 Manual operation See Reference Marker on page 74 CALCulate n DELTamarker m STATe State This command turns delta mar...

Page 173: ...umber the marker is assigned to Example CALC DELT2 TRAC 2 Positions delta marker 2 on trace 2 CALCulate n DELTamarker m X Position This command moves a delta marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker and positions a reference marker to the peak power Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the marker position...

Page 174: ...rker see Marker Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example CALC MARK4 LINK TO MARK2 ON Links marker 4 to marker 2 Manual operation See Linking to Another Marker on page 74 CALCulate n MARKer m STATe State This command turns markers on and off If the corresponding marker number is cur rently active as a delta marker it is turned into a normal m...

Page 175: ...ary the command activates the marker If the marker has been used as a delta marker the command turns it into a normal marker Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis The unit depends on the result display Range The range depends on the current x axis range Default unit Hz Example CALC MARK2 X 1 7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1 ...

Page 176: ...ge 76 DISPlay WINDow n MINFo STATe DisplayMode This command turns the marker information in all diagrams on and off Suffix n irrelevant Parameters DisplayMode ON 1 Displays the marker information in the diagrams OFF 0 Hides the marker information in the diagrams RST 1 Example DISP MINF OFF Hides the marker information Manual operation See Marker Info on page 76 CALCulate n MARKer m X SSIZe StepSiz...

Page 177: ...e n MARKer m X SLIMits STATe 178 CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits LEFT 179 CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits RIGHt 179 CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits ZOOM STATe 180 CALCulate n THReshold 180 CALCulate n THReshold STATe 181 CALCulate n MARKer m LOEXclude State This command turns the suppression of the local oscillator during automatic marker positioning on and off for all markers in all windows Suffix n...

Page 178: ...age 79 CALCulate n MARKer m SEARch MarkRealImag This command selects the trace type a marker search is performed on Suffix n irrelevant m irrelevant Parameters MarkRealImag REAL Marker search functions are performed on the real trace of the I Q measurement IMAG Marker search functions are performed on the imaginary trace of the I Q measurement MAGN Marker search functions are performed on the magn...

Page 179: ...ain this command limits the range of the trace to be analyzed Suffix n irrelevant m irrelevant Parameters SearchLimit The value range depends on the frequency range or sweep time The unit is Hz for frequency domain measurements and s for time domain measurements RST left diagram border Default unit HZ Example CALC MARK X SLIM ON Switches the search limit function on CALC MARK X SLIM LEFT 10MHz Set...

Page 180: ...Manual operation See Search Limits Left Right on page 79 CALCulate n MARKer m X SLIMits ZOOM STATe State This command adjusts the marker search range to the zoom area for all markers in all windows Suffix n irrelevant m irrelevant Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example CALC MARK X SLIM ZOOM ON Switches the search limit function on CALC MAR...

Page 181: ...reshold line Manual operation See Deactivating All Search Limits on page 80 9 7 3 4 Marker Search Spectrograms The following commands automatically define the marker and delta marker position in the spectrogram Using Markers The following commands control spectrogram markers Useful commands for spectrogram markers described elsewhere The following commands define the horizontal position of the mar...

Page 182: ...ALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum ABOVe 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum BELow 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum BELow 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum NEXT 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum NEXT 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum PEAK 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum PEAK 185 CALCu...

Page 183: ... VISible Manual operation See Marker Search Area on page 82 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram XY MAXimum PEAK This command moves a marker to the highest level of the spectrogram Suffix n Window m Marker CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam XY MINimum PEAK CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram XY MINimum PEAK This command moves a marker to the minimum level of the spectro...

Page 184: ...age 81 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MAXimum NEXT CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum NEXT This command moves a marker vertically to the next lower peak level for the current frequency The search includes all frames It does not change the horizontal position of the marker Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction on page 81 CALCulate n MARKer m SG...

Page 185: ...nt frequency The search includes only frames below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction on page 81 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum NEXT CALCulate n MARKer m SPECtrogram Y MINimum NEXT This command moves a marker vertically to the next higher minimum level for ...

Page 186: ...amarker m SGRam FRAMe 187 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram FRAMe 187 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam SARea 187 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram SARea 187 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram XY MAXimum PEAK 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam XY MINimum PEAK 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram XY MINimum PEAK 188 CALCulate n DELT...

Page 187: ...tamp is on The number is the distance to frame 0 in seconds The range depends on the history depth Default unit S Example CALC DELT4 SGR FRAM 20 Sets fourth deltamarker 20 frames below marker 1 CALC DELT4 SGR FRAM 2 s Sets fourth deltamarker 2 seconds above the position of marker 1 Manual operation See Frame Spectrogram only on page 74 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam SARea SearchArea CALCulate n D...

Page 188: ...late n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum ABOVe This command moves a marker vertically to the next higher level for the current fre quency The search includes only frames above the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction on page 81 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MAXim...

Page 189: ...t fre quency The search includes all frames It does not change the horizontal position of the marker If the marker hasn t been active yet the command looks for the peak level in the whole spectrogram Suffix n Window m Marker CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MINimum ABOVe This command moves a delta marker vertically to the next minimum level fo...

Page 190: ...ow m Marker Manual operation See Search Mode for Next Peak in Y Direction on page 81 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MINimum PEAK CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MINimum PEAK This command moves a delta marker vertically to the minimum level for the current fre quency The search includes all frames It does not change the horizontal position of the marker If the marker hasn t been active y...

Page 191: ...and off The R S ZNL performs the peak search after each sweep Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Example CALC MARK MAX AUTO ON Activates the automatic peak search function for marker 1 at the end of each particular sweep Manual operation See Auto Max Peak Search Auto Min Peak Search on page 79 CALCulate n MARKer m MAXi...

Page 192: ...rame The vertical marker position remains the same If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Peak Search on page 84 CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum RIGHt This command moves a marker to the next lower peak The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion In the spectrogram the command mov...

Page 193: ...ntally to the minimum level in the currently selected frame The vertical marker position remains the same Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 CALCulate n MARKer m MINimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next minimum value In the spectrogram the command moves a marker horizontally to the minimum level in the currently selected frame The vertical mark...

Page 194: ...commands position delta markers on the trace CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum LEFT 194 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum NEXT 195 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK 195 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum RIGHt 195 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum LEFT 195 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum NEXT 196 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum PEAK 196 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum RIGHt 196 CALCulate...

Page 195: ...t active the command first activates the marker Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Peak Search on page 84 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum RIGHt This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion In the spectrogram the command moves a marker horizontally to the maximum level in the currentl...

Page 196: ... marker to the minimum level In the spectrogram the command moves a marker horizontally to the minimum level in the currently selected frame The vertical marker position remains the same If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Suffix n Window m Marker Manual operation See Search Minimum on page 84 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum RIGHt This command moves a delta mar...

Page 197: ...xample CALC MARK FUNC BPOW AOFF CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion BPOWer MODE Mode This command selects the way the results for a band power marker are displayed Note relative power results are only availabe for delta markers see CALCulate n DELTamarker m FUNCtion BPOWer MODE on page 199 Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters Mode POWer Result is displayed as an absolute power The power unit depends on t...

Page 198: ...FUNCtion BPOWer SPAN Span This command defines the bandwidth around the marker position Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters Span Frequency The maximum span depends on the marker position and R S ZNL model RST 5 of current span Default unit Hz Example CALC MARK FUNC BPOW SPAN 2MHz Measures the band power over 2 MHz around the marker Manual operation See Span on page 90 CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion...

Page 199: ...is played Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters Mode POWer Result is displayed as an absolute power The power unit depends on the CALCulate n UNIT POWer setting DENSity Result is displayed as a density in dBm Hz RPOWer This setting is only available for a delta band power marker The result is the difference between the absolute power in the band around the delta marker and the absolute power for the...

Page 200: ...Default unit Hz Manual operation See Span on page 90 CALCulate n DELTamarker m FUNCtion BPOWer STATe State This command turns delta markers for band power measurements on and off If neccessary the command also turns on a reference marker Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 OFF 0 Switches the function off ON 1 Switches the function on Manual operation See Band Power Measurement Sta...

Page 201: ...ks ANNotation LABel STATe State This command turns labels for peaks found during a peak search on and off The labels correspond to the marker number in the marker peak list Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 RST 1 Example CALC MARK FUNC FPE ANN LAB STAT OFF Removes the peak labels from the diagram Manual operation See Display MarkerNumbers on page 94 CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion...

Page 202: ...ected as a peak CALC MARK FUNC FPE 10 Initiates a search for 10 peaks on the current trace CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion FPEaks LIST SIZE MaxNoPeaks This command defines the maximum number of peaks that the R S ZNL looks for dur ing a peak search Suffix n Window m Marker Parameters MaxNoPeaks Maximum number of peaks to be determined Range 1 to 200 RST 50 Example CALC MARK FUNC FPE LIST SIZE 10 The...

Page 203: ...ction on Example CALC MARK FUNC FPE STAT ON Activates marker peak search Manual operation See Peak List State on page 93 CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion FPEaks X This command queries the position of the peaks on the x axis The order depends on the sort order that has been set with CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion FPEaks SORT Suffix n irrelevant m irrelevant Return values PeakPosition Position of the pe...

Page 204: ...s of the I Q Analyzer mea surement Storing large amounts of I Q data When storing large amounts of I Q data to a file consider the following tips to improve performance If capturing and storing the I Q data is the main goal of the measurement and eval uation functions are not required use the basic I Q data acquisition mode see TRACe IQ STATe on page 108 Use a HiSlip or raw socket connection to ex...

Page 205: ...les on page 220 Parameters Format COMPatible IQBLock IQPair COMPatible I and Q values are separated and collected in blocks A block 512k of I values is followed by a block 512k of Q values fol lowed by a block of I values followed by a block of Q values etc I I I I Q Q Q Q I I I I Q Q Q Q IQBLock First all I values are listed then the Q values I I I I I I Q Q Q Q Q Q IQPair One pair of I Q values ...

Page 206: ...ET TRACe IQ SRATe on page 139 and SENSe n SWEep TIME on page 155 Query parameters OffsetSamples Selects an offset at which the output of data should start in rela tion to the first data If omitted all captured samples are output starting with the first sample Range 0 to of samples 1 with of samples being the maximum number of captured values RST 0 NoOfSamples Number of samples you want to query be...

Page 207: ...RAC IQ DATA MEM 2048 1024 Reads 1024 I Q data from half of the recorded data TRAC IQ DATA MEM 100 512 Reads 512 I Q data starting at the trigger point Pretrigger Samples was 100 Example Perform a single I Q capture INIT WAI Determine output format binary float32 FORMat REAL 32 Read 1024 I Q samples starting at sample 2048 TRAC IQ DATA MEM 2048 1024 Usage Query only 9 8 2 Retrieving I Q Trace Data ...

Page 208: ...16 32 64 Length in bits for floating point results 32 32 bit floating point numbers For I Q data 8 bytes per sample are returned for this format set ting Example FORM REAL 32 TRACe n DATA ResultType This command queries current trace data and measurement results If you use it as a setting command it transfers trace data from an external source to the R S ZNL The data format depends on FORMat DATA ...

Page 209: ... a list of power levels that have been measured The number of power levels in the list depends on the currently selected number of sweep points The unit depends on the measurement and on the unit you have currently set If you are measuring with the auto peak detector the command returns positive peak values only To retrieve negative peak values define a second trace with a negative peak detector T...

Page 210: ... TRACE4 TRACE5 TRACE6 OffsSwPoint The offset in sweep points related to the start of the measure ment at which data retrieval is to start NoOfSwPoints Number of sweep points to be retrieved from the trace Return values SweepPointValues Example TRAC DATA MEM TRACE1 25 100 Retrieves 100 sweep points from trace 1 starting at sweep point 25 Usage Query only TRACe n DATA X TraceNumber This command quer...

Page 211: ... operation See Decimal Separator on page 31 See Export Peak List on page 94 FORMat DEXPort FORMat FileFormat Determines the format of the ASCII file to be imported or exported Depending on the external program in which the data file was created or will be evaluated a comma sep arated list CSV or a plain data format DAT file may be required Parameters FileFormat CSV DAT RST DAT Example FORM DEXP FO...

Page 212: ...tion See Export all Traces and all Table Results on page 70 MMEMory STORe n TRACe Trace FileName This command exports trace data from the specified window to an ASCII file Suffix n Window Parameters Trace Number of the trace to be stored FileName String containing the path and name of the target file Example MMEM STOR1 TRAC 1 C TEST ASC Stores trace 1 from window 1 in the file TEST ASC Manual oper...

Page 213: ...rker first Suffix n Window m Marker Return values Position Position of the delta marker in relation to the reference marker Example CALC DELT3 X REL Outputs the frequency of delta marker 3 relative to marker 1 or relative to the reference position Usage Query only CALCulate n DELTamarker m Y Suffix n 1 n m 1 n Return values Result Result at the position of the delta marker The unit is variable and...

Page 214: ... I Q data processed in the I Q Analyzer can be stored to a file for further evalua tion in other applications I Q data can only be exported in applications that process I Q data such as the I Q Analyzer or optional applications MMEMory LOAD IQ STATe 214 MMEMory STORe n IQ COMMent 214 MMEMory STORe IQ FORMat 215 MMEMory STORe n IQ STATe 215 MMEMory LOAD IQ STATe 1 FileName This command restores I Q...

Page 215: ... specified file Manual operation See I Q Export on page 32 MMEMory STORe IQ FORMat Format DataFormat This command sets or queries the format of the I Q data to be stored Parameters Format FLOat32 32 bit floating point format INT32 32 bit integer format RST FLOat32 DataFormat COMPlex Exports complex data REAL Exports real data RST COMPlex Example MMEM STOR IQ FORM INT32 REAL MMEMory STORe n IQ STAT...

Page 216: ... Creates a new measurement channel named IQANALYZER INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode Configuring Data Acquisition TRAC IQ SRAT 32MHZ Defines the sample rate TRAC IQ RLEN 1000 Sets the record length number of samples to capture to 1000 samples TRAC IQ BWID Queries the bandwidth of the resampling filter determined by the sample rate FORM DATA REAL 32 Formats the data as 32 byte real value...

Page 217: ... 2 Basic I Q Analysis with Improved Performance This example demonstrates how to configure and perform a basic I Q data acquisition and analyze the data using the I Q Analyzer in a remote environment Activating the I Q Analyzer application RST Reset the instrument INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode TRACE IQ ON Switches the operating mode of the current measurement channel to I Q Analyzer ...

Page 218: ...de of the sampled I Q data to be used as a trigger TRIG LEV IQP 30dbm Sets the trigger level Performing the Measurement and Retrieving Results TRAC IQ DATA WAI Performs a measurement and returns the RF input voltage at each sample point first 1000 I values then 1000 Q values TRAC IQ DATA MEM 0 500 Returns the first 500 samples of the stored trace data for the measurement For each sample first the ...

Page 219: ...ated values CSV of the measured val ues in floating point format Binary Format FORMat REAL 32 The data is stored as binary data Definite Length Block Data according to IEEE 488 2 each measurement value being formatted in 32 Bit IEEE 754 Floating Point Format The schema of the result string is as follows 41024 value1 value2 value n with 4 Number of digits 4 in the example of the following number of...

Page 220: ...ual values see Chapter A Formats for Returned Values ASCII Format and Binary Format on page 219 Figure B 1 I Q data formats Note 512k corresponds to 524288 samples For maximum performance the formats Compatible or IQPair should be used Fur thermore for large amounts of data the data should be in binary format to improve performance In binary format the number of I and Q data can be calculated as f...

Page 221: ...221 User Manual 1178 5989 02 06 with LengthIndicatorDigits being the number of digits of the length indicator including the In the example above 41024 this results in a value of 6 for LengthIndica torDigits and the offset for the Q data results in 512 6 518 ...

Page 222: ... not changed not com pressed and thus it is possible to read the I Q data directly within the archive without the need to unpack untar the tar file first An application note on converting Rohde Schwarz I Q data files is available from the Rohde Schwarz website 1EF85 Converting R S I Q data files Contained files An iq tar file must contain the following files I Q parameter XML file e g xyz xml Cont...

Page 223: ...emaLocation RsIqTar xsd xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance Name R S ZNL Name Comment Here is a comment Comment DateTime 2011 01 24T14 02 49 DateTime Samples 68751 Samples Clock unit Hz 6 5e 006 Clock Format complex Format DataType float32 DataType ScalingFactor unit V 1 ScalingFactor NumberOfChannels 1 NumberOfChannels DataFilename xyz complex float32 DataFilename UserData UserDefin...

Page 224: ... int8 8 bit signed integer data int16 16 bit signed integer data int32 32 bit signed integer data float32 32 bit floating point data IEEE 754 float64 64 bit floating point data IEEE 754 ScalingFactor Optional describes how the binary data can be transformed into values in the unit Volt The binary I Q data itself has no unit To get an I Q sample in the unit Volt the saved samples have to be multipl...

Page 225: ...ent web browsers that have JavaScript enabled and if the XSLT stylesheet open_IqTar_xml_file_in_web_browser xslt is available Example ScalingFactor Data stored as int16 and a desired full scale voltage of 1 V ScalingFactor 1 V maximum int16 value 1 V 215 3 0517578125e 5 V Scaling Factor Numerical value Numerical value x ScalingFac tor Minimum negative int16 value 215 32768 1 V Maximum positive int...

Page 226: ...re interleaved pairs of I and Q values and multi channel signals contain interleaved complex sam ples for channel 0 channel 1 channel 2 etc If the NumberOfChannels element is not defined one channel is presumed Example Element order for real data 1 channel I 0 Real sample 0 I 1 Real sample 1 I 2 Real sample 2 Example Element order for complex cartesian data 1 channel I 0 Q 0 Real and imaginary par...

Page 227: ... Complex sample 1 I 2 1 Q 2 1 Channel 2 Complex sample 1 I 0 2 Q 0 2 Channel 0 Complex sample 2 I 1 2 Q 1 2 Channel 1 Complex sample 2 I 2 2 Q 2 2 Channel 2 Complex sample 2 Example Element order for complex cartesian data 1 channel This example demonstrates how to store complex cartesian data in float32 format using MATLAB Save vector of complex cartesian I Q data i e iqiqiq N 100 iq randn 1 N 1j...

Page 228: ...SENSe IQ BWIDth MODE 134 SENSe IQ BWIDth RESolution 135 SENSe IQ FFT ALGorithm 135 SENSe IQ FFT LENGth 136 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow LENGth 136 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow OVERlap 136 SENSe IQ FFT WINDow TYPE 136 SENSe PMETer p DCYCle VALue 115 SENSe PMETer p DCYCle STATe 115 SENSe PMETer p FREQuency 116 SENSe PMETer p FREQuency LINK 116 SENSe PMETer p MTIMe 117 SENSe PMETer p MTIMe AVERage COUNt 117 SENSe PMET...

Page 229: ...0 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram FRAMe 187 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram SARea 187 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram XY MAXimum PEAK 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram XY MINimum PEAK 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum ABOVe 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum BELow 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m SPECtrogram Y MAXimum NEXT 189 CALCulate n D...

Page 230: ...imum PEAK 183 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MAXimum ABOVe 183 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MAXimum BELow 184 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MAXimum NEXT 184 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MAXimum PEAK 184 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum BELow 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum NEXT 185 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y MINimum PEAK 185 CALCulate n MA...

Page 231: ... 164 CALCulate n SPECtrogram HDEPth 164 CALCulate n SPECtrogram LAYout 165 CALCulate n SPECtrogram THReedim STATe 166 CALCulate n SPECtrogram TRACe 166 CALCulate n SPECtrogram TSTamp DATA 166 CALCulate n SPECtrogram TSTamp STATe 167 CALCulate n SPECtrogram STATe 165 CALCulate n THReshold 180 CALCulate n THReshold STATe 181 CALCulate n UNIT POWer 121 CALibration PMETer p ZERO AUTO ONCE 113 DIAGnost...

Page 232: ...Rt 152 INITiate SEQuencer IMMediate 153 INITiate SEQuencer MODE 153 INITiate n CONMeas 151 INITiate n CONTinuous 152 INITiate n IMMediate 152 INPut ip ATTenuation 123 INPut ip ATTenuation AUTO 123 INPut ip ATTenuation PROTection RESet 110 INPut ip EATT AUTO 123 INPut ip FILE PATH 111 INPut ip IMPedance 110 INPut ip SELect 110 INSTrument CREate DUPLicate 105 INSTrument CREate REPLace 106 INSTrument...

Page 233: ...EMory 205 TRACe IQ EGATe GAP 133 TRACe IQ EGATe LENGth 133 TRACe IQ EGATe NOF 133 TRACe IQ EGATe TYPE 133 TRACe IQ EGATe STATe 132 TRACe IQ EVAL 108 TRACe IQ RLENgth 137 TRACe IQ SET 138 TRACe IQ SRATe 139 TRACe IQ TPISample 139 TRACe IQ STATe 108 TRACe n COPY 161 TRACe n DATA MEMory 210 TRACe n DATA X 210 TRACe n DATA 208 TRIGger SEQuence DTIMe 128 TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff TIME 128 TRIGger SEQuen...

Page 234: ... control 197 Bandwidth Analysis 52 I Q Analyzer 18 Maximum usable 18 Relationship to sample rate 19 Settings 51 Basic Measurement Examples see User Manual 5 Branch for peak search I Q Analyzer 80 Brochures 6 C Calibration certificate 7 Capturing I Q data see Data acquisition 150 Center Mkr Freq 84 Center frequency 47 Automatic configuration 58 Displayed 11 Setting to marker 84 Softkey 47 Step size...

Page 235: ...t 25 33 I Q parameter XML 223 Filters Bandwidth I Q data 52 Equalizer 17 Format Data 219 Data remote 211 212 I Q data files 220 Frames Spectrogram marker 74 Free Run Trigger 48 Frequency Configuration 46 Configuration remote 126 Coupling power sensor 37 Offset 47 Power sensor 37 G Gating I Q data 132 Source 48 Getting started 5 H Hardware settings Displayed 11 History Spectrograms 66 History Depth...

Page 236: ...94 Marker peak list see Peak list 93 Marker search area Remote control 177 Marker table Evaluation method 15 Marker to Trace 75 Markers Assigned trace 75 Band power remote control 197 Basic settings 72 Configuration 72 76 Configuration remote control 170 Deactivating 75 Delta markers 74 Fixed reference remote control 175 I Q vector 72 170 Linking 74 Minimum 84 Minimum remote control 177 190 Next m...

Page 237: ...ectrograms 82 86 Zoom limits 80 83 87 Peaks Marker positioning 84 Next 84 Performance FFT parameters 23 Performing I Q Analyzer measurement 95 Power mode Band power measurement 90 Power sensors Activating Deactivating 36 Applications 35 Average count 38 Configuration softkey 35 Continuous Value Update 36 Duty cycle 39 Frequency 37 Frequency Coupling 37 Measurement time 38 Number of readings 38 R S...

Page 238: ...ng 79 83 87 Search Mode Spectrogram markers 80 85 Search settings I Q Analyzer 80 Searching Configuration 77 Configuration softkey 80 85 Security procedures 6 Select Frame Softkey 66 Select Marker 75 Sequencer 10 Aborting remote 152 Activating remote 153 Mode remote 153 Service manual 6 Signal processing Diagram 18 Single sweep Softkey 56 67 Slope Trigger 50 130 Softkeys All Functions Off 94 Ampli...

Page 239: ...nfiguring remote control 156 Copying 63 Copying remote control 161 Detector 62 Detector remote control 160 Export format 31 70 71 Exporting 30 69 70 71 Hold 62 Mode 61 Mode remote 156 Retrieving remote 205 Settings remote control 156 Settings predefined 63 Trigger Configuration softkey 47 Drop out time 50 External remote 130 Holdoff 50 Hysteresis 50 Offset 50 Remote control 127 Slope 50 130 Trigge...

Page 240: ...Index R S ZNL 240 User Manual 1178 5989 02 06 Z Zeroing Power sensor 37 Zoom limits Using for searches 80 83 87 ...

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