Concepts and features
R&S
®
ZNB/ZNBT
170
User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 62
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Adapter Removal is not defined for more than 2 ports. However, with "Multiple Cali-
brations per Channel" enabled, multiple (disjoint) port pairs can be calibrated using
Adapter Removal.
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Currently Adapter Removal is not supported with
4.5.1.6
TOM calibration
A TOM (Through – Open – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that can be different from zero, an Open,
and a Match. The characteristics of all standards must be fully known; the Match can
have non-ideal characteristics.
4.5.1.7
TSM calibration
A TSM (Through – Short – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that can be different from zero, a Short, and
a Match. The characteristics of all standards must be fully known; the Match can have
non-ideal characteristics.
TSM calibration can replace TOM calibration if no appropriate Open standard is availa-
ble, especially in the high frequency domain.
4.5.1.8
TRM calibration
A TRM (Through – Reflect – Match) calibration requires a low-reflection, low-loss
Through standard with an electrical length that can be different from zero, a Reflect,
and a Match. The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of the Reflect standard can be
unknown but must be nonzero; its phase must be roughly known (90 deg). The magni-
tude and phase of the reflection coefficient must be the same at both test ports.
TRM calibration is especially useful for DUTs in test fixtures.
4.5.1.9
TRL calibration
A TRL (Through – Reflect – Line) calibration requires the two-port standards Through
and Line, which are both assumed to be ideally matched. The Through must be loss-
less, and its length must be exactly known. The length of the Line standard must be
known approximately.
Furthermore, a reflecting one-port standard (Reflect) is needed. The magnitude of the
reflection coefficient of the Reflect standard can be unknown but must be nonzero; its
phase must be roughly known (90 deg). The magnitude and phase of the reflection
coefficient must be the same at both test ports.
TRL calibration is especially useful for DUTs in planar line technology (e.g. test fixtures,
on-wafer measurements) where it is difficult to design and connect accurately modeled
Open, Short or Match standards.
If TRL is not practicable, TNA can be an alternative.
Calibration
