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16 I-U diagram: Explanation

-39-

fig: Comparison of simulation and measured values by the example of the module SM50, 36 cells with two

bypass diodes over in each case 18 cells. A cell was differently shaded, the others was fully illuminated (E =
574W/m2, T = 300K)

fig: Module characteristics of the module SM50 without bypass diodes, first cell differently shadows (shading

degree of SZI = 0..1), E = 407W/m2, T = 300K

Operation manual for PVPM devices

PV-Engineering GmbH

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Summary of Contents for PVPM 1000C

Page 1: ...PVPM 2540C 1000C 1040C 1050C Peak Power Measuring Device and I V Curve Tracer for PV Modules and Generators Users Manual ...

Page 2: ...Release 02 2021 PV Engineering GmbH Hugo Schultz Str 14 DE 58640 Iserlohn Tel 49 2371 436648 0 Fax 49 2371 436648 9 e Mail service pv engineering de ...

Page 3: ...SP 24 12 1 MAIN MENU FILE 24 12 2 EDIT 26 12 3 EXTRA 26 12 4 DIAGRAM 29 12 5 RESULTS LISTS 30 12 6 HELP NOT YET IMPLEMENTED 30 13 HARDWARE INFORMATION 32 13 1 MEASURING UNIT 32 13 2 PINOUT OF SENSOR SOCKETS 32 13 3 CALCULATION UNIT 32 13 4 DISPLAY 32 13 5 OPERATION 33 13 6 POWER SUPPLY 33 13 7 DIMENSIONS 33 13 8 OPERATION CONDITIONS 33 13 9 OPTIONALLY AVAILABLE 33 14 LIST OF SYMBOLS 34 15 REASONS ...

Page 4: ...CTERISTIC 46 18 20 FOUR WIRE MEASUREMENT KELVIN MEASUREMENT 47 18 21 EFFICIENCY 47 19 APPENDIX A 48 19 1 INDICATOR LIGHTS IN THE FRONT PANEL 48 19 2 SPEAKER SIGNALS 48 20 KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 49 Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 5: ...escribed above Permit other individuals to distribute or redistribute any part of the Software or Files Modify translate reverse engineer decompile disassemble or create derivative works based on the Software or Files Copy the Software or Files rent lease grant a security interest in or otherwise transfer rights to the Software or Files or remove any proprietary notices or labels on the Software o...

Page 6: ...rated comfortably over a few keys and an on screen menu The functions are defined self describing and the user is always led by the program So no long training activities for the operating personnel are necessary The PVPM automatically measures the I V characteristic of the PV generator at a capacitive load From the measured data it calculates the effective solar cell characteristic Ppk and Rs 2 3...

Page 7: ...nt of damage you will be able to continue working without considerable data loss Such a damage can not be excluded even under the present state of the art Please do not restore single data files but always the complete data back up of the program otherwise you might cause malfunction this in turn might lead to data loss In case of doubt please contact the distributor or the producer WARNINGS To di...

Page 8: ...nly Before opening a case every cable connection must be disconnected Keep in mind that even with disconnected cables the may reside dangerous high voltage inside the case The solar generator can generate very high tensions and currents which can affect your health when you do not handle with care VERY IMPORTANT Never plug in or remove the cable connectors between solar generator and PVPM before t...

Page 9: ... 3 Status indicator lamps 4 TFT Touch display 5 Irradiation input 6 Input for external Pt100 module back surface temperature measurement 7 Four wire measuring connector voltage 8 Four wire measuring connector current External voltage supply battery charge at left side of the PVPM Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 10: ...y cause fire serious injuries and even death see chapter 5 The front panel of the PVPM is rather rough but you should handle it with care anyway To avoid damage of the front panel please take notice of the following hints Do not touch the front panel with a sharp or pointed object This could force scratches and might even destroy the foil especially in the regions with switches in the back Clean t...

Page 11: ...nded evaluation of the measured data or just for operating the PVPM from a PC you can connect the PC to the PVPM with the delivered cable USB A Mini B Attach this cable to a free USB port of your PC and to the PC connector of the PVPM Caution before you can operate the PVPM from a PC with PVPM disp it is necessary to select the menu option transfer on the PVPM Otherwise the PVPM will not listen to...

Page 12: ...e orientation of sensor and modules and so falsify the results of the measurement In the simplest case the sensor is fastened with a clamp to the modules under test Pay attention that the sensor does not shadow the modules under test The sensor should have some time in order to adapt to the site conditions At PVPM devices that have no second temperature measuring input the sensor must approximatel...

Page 13: ...The battery then should be charged within short time or the device should be powered externally 6 9 Buttons Possible actions will be displayed as buttons which show a symbol according to the action for example a PC for the transfer between PVPM and PC 1 Info displays an overview about the buttons 2 Change here you can select a different value 3 New I V curve measurement displays submenu 4 Retrieve...

Page 14: ...tton activates a single measurement of the I V curve The measurement runs automatically errors will be reported and the results as Ppk Rs and I V curve are displayed on the screen 14 6 10 2 Archive This button enables you to retrieve data of already made measurements The data sets are listed according to the creation date Goes to next previous line in the list Selects next prior page Select a file...

Page 15: ... displays the measured voltages currents temperatures etc and calculated values Ppk Rs Rp FF The button Diagram selects the page with the I V curve the button Results displays the results as described above Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 16: ...s Error writing file An error occurred storing the measured data Data transfer Quit transfer with ESC Data connection to PC invoked Measurement not yet possible The security delay between two measurements is not yet elapsed Calculation of Rs not possible Data is not sufficient for calculation of Rs Redo the measurement Values not evaluablely Data is not sufficient for calculation Redo the measurem...

Page 17: ...ut harm the two black ones as well Now connect the cables mounted at the switch to the PVPM red to red black to black Before you can make a measurement you have to turn the knob at the switch to one of the 1 positions After the measurement turn the switch again in position 0 Afterwards the wiring at the PVPM can be removed safely Security advice CAUTION Do never forget to switch to 0 before handli...

Page 18: ...be in an range of 10 regarding the right angle between sunlight and module surface Very important is a sufficient irradiance to the module and precise alignment of the reference cell towards the module Often the easiest way is to clip the combined sensor directly to the side or top of the frame of the measured module However the sensor may also be installed in some distance to the module if you ca...

Page 19: ...diately before after that of the I V characteristic the time lag between measurement of characteristic and irradiation should be less than 1ms The measured value of the irradiation reference sensor has to be adjusted with the measured temperature of the reference cell The measurement of the cell temperature has to take place immediately before after the measurement of the characteristic within 1se...

Page 20: ...tton 4 Now the setup program will be executed Follow the messages on the screen 5 Setup now copies all necessary files to your hard disk and will create a new program group for PVPM disp 6 After completing the installation please execute PVPM disp The program should now work as described in the following text The operation of the program will be professed detailed in chapter 12 For the operation o...

Page 21: ...P1 you should disconnect the internet connection temporary You can connect the network again after finishing the installation This will not be necessary for Windows XP SP2 if this is configured to ask before it connects to Windows Update Connect the PVPM to a free USB port of your PC and switch it on After some seconds the dialogue New hardware found will appear If there is no internet connection ...

Page 22: ...s in the combo box e g D CDM 2 02 04 or search for it by pressing the button Browse If the directory is entered click Next to continue If Windows is configured to warn if a not WHQL certified driver is to be installed an warning message will appear now Click to Continue anyway and continue the installation Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 23: ...ssful Fig 10 5 Click on Finish to finish the installation for the first port of the USB device The hardware assistant may now appear a second time for the installation of a second USB port The installation procedure will be the same as described above for the first port After the installation the new COM port appears in the device manager Figure 10 6 Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineerin...

Page 24: ...he CDM driver The driver can be removed using the Windows device manager select the device in the list of devices with the right mouse key and select Uninstall This will delete the entries for this device from registry Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 25: ...tware Buttons are grayed out when they are not active They change to normal state when this function is meaningful 12 1 Main Menu File 12 1 1 Open I V curves saved to disk before can be reloaded using the Open button The loaded data will overwrite the data in memory If you want to re use the current data later you will have to save it to a disk file before loading different data The files have the...

Page 26: ...iation or the results of computations In the latter case the results of several measurements can even be exported together into one table The data in the target table are represented line by line Please select the desired export file format from the combo box Now enter a valid file name for the export file or select a existing one with the button Search then press OK The export files are now creat...

Page 27: ...Copy Copies the marked text and moves it to the clipboard 12 2 3 Insert Inserts the contents of the clipboard at the cursor position 12 3 Extra Switch the PVPM at first to transfer the solar generator under test as well as the sensors should if necessary already be attached before you use the following function measurement 12 3 1 Start Measurement on PVPM Button Measure After starting the function...

Page 28: ...or database You can connect different irradiance sensors to the PVPM Every sensor has its own calibration value the PVPM needs to know this value for correct operation To make the selection of a sensor simple during measurement you can define a table with up to ten different sensors its names and calibration values which will be stored in the PVPMs permanent memory So later on you just have to sel...

Page 29: ... interface is already occupied by another application If the registry cannot be read insufficient user rights the application will only display simple interface identifiers like COMx A selection of the interface is possible anyway If you do not know to which interface the PVPM is attached you can use the button look for that allows the application to automatically try all available interfaces in o...

Page 30: ...After loading the data of a measurement the diagram will be displayed In the diagram you can draw up a rectangle with the mouse cursor from top left to bottom right with pressed left mouse button This marked region then will be displayed zoomed To come back to normal view just click onto the drawing region If you press the Shift Key and the right mouse button in the viewing area and keep the butto...

Page 31: ...impossible 12 4 1 3 Show STC curve on off button STC curve If a effective solar curve can be calculated it can be converted to STC conditions as well and also be displayed Here you can switch the display of this curve on or off The axis scale will be corrected automatically if necessary 12 4 1 4 Show power on off button You can select whether the power graph is displayed or not 12 4 1 5 Zoom on of...

Page 32: ... 6 2 Search Here you can search within the online help 12 6 3 Use help Basic hints for the windows help system 12 6 4 Info Displays an information window with the version number of the program Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 33: ... Irradiance 8 pin female chassis socket Lumberg KFV81 plug SV81 Pin 1 Irradiance Pin 2 Pt1000 reference Pin 3 Irradiance Pin 4 Current source 1 mA Pin 5 Current source 1 mA Pin 6 do not connect Pin 7 do not connect Pin 8 Pt1000 reference Measuring ranges of the PVPM Standard Meas Range Voltage V Current A Tempe rature Irradiance PVPM2540C 25 50 100 250 5 10 20 40 100 C 120 C 0 1300 W m2 PVPM1000C ...

Page 34: ...2V 3 4Ah or 12V 7 2Ah External power supply wide range input 90 263Vac 47 63Hz 40W Out 16Vdc Integrated battery charger with overload protection for accumulator Display of battery state with LEDs at the front panel 13 7 Dimensions Width 48cm height 16cm depth 34cm 8 8 5kg 13 8 Operation Conditions Temperature Humidity Operation 0 C to 40 C 10 to 90 not condensing Storage 10 C to 85 C 5 to 95 13 9 ...

Page 35: ...ll operating temperature at TambN and EN P Power Pmax Recent maximum power of a solar cell Ppk Peak Power maximum power of the solar cell at STC PV Photovoltaic R Resistance Rpv Photovoltaic resistance calculation factor only no real resistor Rs Series internal resistance apart from resistances in the module e g cable plug resistance intrinsic resistance of crystalline modules about 0 5 ohms of th...

Page 36: ...lems corrosion discolouring Optical check Hailstorm mounting or transportation fault replacement by supplier Break of single cells in module Peak power too low possibly deformation of I V curve material defective replacement by supplier Improper electrical connections in module Peak power too low internal series resistance Rs higher than calculated Fault in soldering material defective corrosion r...

Page 37: ...Andreas Photovoltaik Engineering Handbuch für Planung Entwicklung und Anwendung Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2005 fig Current voltage characteristics with an irradiation of 1000W m2 and different irradiations fig Current voltage characteristics with an irradiation of 1000W m2 and different cell temperatures fig Construction of the module characteristic from the cell characteristics i...

Page 38: ...ded cell fig Solar cell characteristic of a polycrystalline cell over the whole voltage range with different shading degrees E0 1000W m2 T 300K fig Construction of the module characteristic of the module SM50 with a 75 shaded cell E 407W m2 T 300k Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 39: ... completely covered with bypass diode over the cell 3 with bypass diodes over half cell string 4 without bypass diode fig Simulation of different module characteristics with bypass diodes over a different number of cells E 1000W m2 T 300K Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 40: ...ith two bypass diodes over in each case 18 cells A cell was differently shaded the others was fully illuminated E 574W m2 T 300K fig Module characteristics of the module SM50 without bypass diodes first cell differently shadows shading degree of SZI 0 1 E 407W m2 T 300K Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 41: ...16 I U diagram Explanation 40 fig Resulting characteristic during series connection with bypass diode Operation manual for PVPM devices PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 42: ... 15 0 20 0 25 0 V Volt I Ampere Measured characteristic Shading and mismatch 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 0 0 100 0 200 0 300 0 400 0 500 0 600 0 U Volt I Ampere Reference characteristic Measured characteristic Shading and match losses 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 V Volt I A m p e re Comparison curve Characteristic with errors ...

Page 43: ... 10 15 20 25 V Volt I Ampere Monocrystalline Amorphous 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 V Volt I A m p e re Monocrystalline Module aSi Module Comparison characteristic Small R e g match loss p 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 0 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 V Volt I Ampere Measured characteristic ...

Page 44: ...loss duetoshading 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 V Volt I Am p ere Characteristic without shading Characteristic with 2 shaded regions Comparison curve Partly shading 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 V Volt I Am pere Characteristic with errors ...

Page 45: ... angle of setting up correspond to the geographical latitude of a location Freiburg is located on the 48 degree of latitude Lübeck on the 54 degree of latitude Since the sun stands higher in the summer than in the winter it depends on in which time of the year the solar equipment is predominantly being used Photovoltaic plants for example carry the highest yield on long summer days while thermal s...

Page 46: ...1000W m and a spectrum of light according to AM 1 5 and named Peak Power some producers also characterise it as nominal value The boundary conditions are called Standard Test Conditions STC Unfortunately the natural appearance of the STC is rare that is why the relevant measurements so far were only realised in laboratories where the conditions had to be produced under high effort With the new met...

Page 47: ...rom the sun and divers indirect proportions Those are radiation reflected by the environment e g snowfields reflect very intensive the radiation of the blue sky and other diffuse radiation For the exact calculation of the energy that hits a surface the angle between the sunlight and the surface is decisive It changes according to time of year and time of the day Informations about the exact calcul...

Page 48: ...of the four wires where the input resistance of the measurement device is low here voltage will drop on the wire the voltage is measured over the other two wires that are connected to a high resistance input here nearly no current flows and thus no significant voltage drops 18 21 Efficiency General Relationship of the usable to the assigned energy For illustration Conventional bulbs transform abou...

Page 49: ...errors Consider which error the device shows on display dee If this signal is given with the first appearance of the main menue the device is ready for operation Device is ready da or da da Shortly after switching on CPU Is working da or da da followed by da da Shortly after switching on probably the litium buffer batttery of the CPU is empty Customer service necessary dee dee da da The display ca...

Page 50: ...nie von Photovoltaikmodulen und strings verwendet wird und den Anforderungen der EG Richtlinien to which this declaration refers to are exclusively used for the measurement of the I V curve of PV modules or strings and are in conformity with the directive s Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2006 95 EG EMV Richtlinie 2004 108 EG entspricht Folgende harmonisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standa...

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