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RS-485 Termination

Because each differential pair of wires is a transmission line, you must
properly terminate the line to prevent reflections. A common method of
terminating a two-wire multidrop RS-485 network is to install terminating
resistors at each end of the multidrop network. If you daisy-chained
multiple instruments together, you need a terminating resistor at only the
first and last instruments. The terminating resistor should match the
characteristic impedance of the transmission line (typically 100 to 120 ).
You can order an optional DB-9 RS-485 termination connector that
contains embedded terminating resistors for easy termination from
National Instruments. For ordering information, contact National
Instruments.

The following figure shows a multidrop network using terminating
resistors.

Multidrop Network Using Terminating Resistors

The following figure shows a full-duplex network using terminating
resistors.

Full-Duplex Network Using Terminating Resistors

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Summary of Contents for ENET-232 Series

Page 1: ......

Page 2: ...ta Windows XP x64 Server 2003 x64 Vista 64 and LabVIEW Real Time For more information about this help file refer to the following topics Using Help Related Documentation Glossary Important Information Technical Support and Professional Services To comment on National Instruments documentation refer to the National Instruments Web site 2002 2007 National Instruments Corporation All rights reserved ...

Page 3: ...ort and PCI 485 isolated two and four port PXI 8430 two four eight and 16 port PXI 8431 two four and eight port PXI 8432 two and four port and PXI 8433 two and four port PXI 8420 two four eight and 16 port PXI 8421 two four and eight port PXI 8422 two and four port and PXI 8423 two and four port USB 232 one two and four port and USB 485 one two and four port ENET 232 two and four port and ENET 485...

Page 4: ...cuit Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange EIA RS 422 A Standard Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits EIA 485 Standard Standard for Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems Microsoft Platform Software Developer Kit Microsoft Corporation NI Serial Hardware Guide NI VISA Help ...

Page 5: ...Using Help Conventions Navigating Help Searching Help Printing Help File Topics ...

Page 6: ... you must select or click in the software such as menu items and dialog box options Bold text also denotes parameter names dark red Text in this color denotes a caution ExpressCard serial boards ExpressCard serial boards refers to all versions of the ExpressCard serial boards green Underlined text in this color denotes a link to a help topic help file or Web address italic Italic text denotes vari...

Page 7: ...s PCI serial boards PCI serial boards refers to all versions of the PCI serial boards PCMCIA serial boards PCMCIA serial boards refers to all versions of the PCMCIA serial boards PXI serial boards PXI serial boards refers to all versions of the PXI serial boards Serial ENET Serial ENET refers to all versions of the ENET serial boards USB serial boards USB serial boards refers to all versions of th...

Page 8: ...tons located above the tabs Hide Hides the navigation pane from view Locate Locates the currently displayed topic in the Contents tab allowing you to view related topics Back Displays the previously viewed topic Forward Displays the topic you viewed before clicking the Back button Options Displays a list of commands and viewing options for the help file ...

Page 9: ...ile If you want to search for words in a certain order such as related documentation add quotation marks around the search words as shown in the example Searching for terms on the Search tab allows you to quickly locate specific information and information in topics that are not included on the Contents tab ...

Page 10: ...n topics that contain a certain string For example a search for prog lists topics that contain the words program programmatically progress and so on Use the question mark wildcard as a substitute for a single character in a search term For example ext lists topics that contain the words next text and so on ...

Page 11: ...ne searches to further refine a search You can use Boolean expressions and wildcards in a nested expression For example example AND program OR VI lists topics that contain example program or example VI You cannot nest expressions more than five levels ...

Page 12: ...eturns topics that contain both search terms You do not need to specify this operator unless you are using nested expressions OR Returns topics that contain either the first or second term NOT Returns topics that contain the first term without the second term NEAR Returns topics that contain both terms within eight words of each other ...

Page 13: ...turned too many topics You must remove the checkmark from this checkbox to search all topics Match similar words Broadens a search to return topics that contain words similar to the search terms For example a search for program lists topics that include the words programs programming and so on Search titles only Searches only in the titles of topics ...

Page 14: ...nts tab 1 Right click the book 2 Select Print from the shortcut menu to display the Print Topics dialog box 3 Select the Print the selected heading and all subtopics option Note Select Print the selected topic if you want to print the single topic you have selected in the Contents tab 4 Click the OK button ...

Page 15: ...Printing PDF Documents This help file may contain links to PDF documents To print PDF documents click the print button located on the Adobe Acrobat Viewer toolbar ...

Page 16: ...tional equipment you can order and briefly describe the NI serial hardware and software How to Use this Help File What You Need to Get Started Optional Equipment Serial Hardware Overview PCI Kits PXI Kits USB Kits ENET Kits ExpressCard Kits PCMCIA Kits NI Serial Software Overview Time Saving Development Tools ...

Page 17: ...How to Use this Help File To use this help file refer to the following flow chart and the appropriate topics ...

Page 18: ...CI 485 two four or eight port PCI 232 isolated two or four port PCI 485 isolated two or four port PXI Kits PXI 8430 two four eight or 16 port PXI 8431 two four or eight port PXI 8432 two or four port PXI 8433 two or four port PXI 8420 two four eight or 16 port PXI 8421 two four or eight port PXI 8422 two or four port PXI 8423 two or four port USB Kits USB 232 one two or four port USB 485 one two o...

Page 19: ...PCMCIA Kits PCMCIA 232 one two or four port PCMCIA 485 one or two port The following CD NI Serial Software which is included in your kit ...

Page 20: ... pin to DB 9 adapter cable PCI and PXI eight port and PCI PXI 8430 16 boards only RS 232 9 pin to 9 pin null modem cable RS 232 9 pin to 9 pin straight through cable RS 232 9 pin to 25 pin null modem cable RS 485 9 pin to 9 pin null modem cable Breakout box PCI 232 16 and PXI 8420 16 boards only External power supply ENET and USB 485 4 only USB cable USB two and four port only One of the following...

Page 21: ...Serial Hardware Overview PCI Kits PXI Kits USB Kits ENET Kits ExpressCard Kits PCMCIA Kits ...

Page 22: ...d to 16 DB 9 connectors The PCI 232 16 uses a breakout box to convert the 100 pin connector on the board to 16 DB 9 connectors Throughout this help file PCI serial boards refers to all versions of the PCI serial boards The isolated PCI boards are designed for applications in harsh environments Isolated ports provide reliable communication in situations involving ground loops from different ground ...

Page 23: ...For more information about the serial hardware specifications and operating conditions refer to the NI Serial Hardware Guide The following table lists the PCI serial board numbers and corresponding board descriptions PCI Board Names and Descriptions PCI Board Name Description PCI 8430 RS 232 two port RS 232 four port RS 232 eight port RS 232 16 port PCI 8431 RS 485 two port RS 485 four port RS 485...

Page 24: ...PCI 485I RS 485 two port isolated RS 485 four port isolated ...

Page 25: ...n the board to 16 DB 9 connectors The PXI 8420 16 uses a breakout box to convert the 100 pin connector on the board to 16 DB 9 connectors Throughout this help file PXI serial boards refers to all versions of the PXI serial boards The isolated PXI boards are designed for applications in harsh environments Isolated ports provide reliable communication in situations involving ground loops from differ...

Page 26: ...or more information about the serial hardware specifications and operating conditions refer to the NI Serial Hardware Guide The following table lists the PXI serial board numbers and corresponding board descriptions PXI Board Names and Descriptions PXI Board Name Description PXI 8430 RS 232 two port RS 232 four port RS 232 eight port RS 232 16 port PXI 8431 RS 485 two port RS 485 four port RS 485 ...

Page 27: ...PXI 8423 RS 485 two port isolated RS 485 four port isolated ...

Page 28: ...ormation about transceiver control modes refer to USB 232 Transceiver Modes The RS 485 hardware supports four hardware transceiver control modes for reliable communication with two and four wire devices For more information about transceiver control modes refer to RS 485 Transceiver Control In addition the USB 485 hardware supports programmatic control of the bias resistors For more information re...

Page 29: ...ntain FIFO First In First Out buffers to reduce susceptibility to interrupt latency for faster transmission rates Also serial ENET interfaces contain additional onboard buffers to reduce susceptibility to Ethernet network traffic With a serial ENET interface you gain all the features inherent in a networked device fewer cabling distance restrictions device sharing and communication with devices th...

Page 30: ...If your network does not support DHCP use the NI Ethernet Device Configuration utility as described in Serial ENET Configuration to configure network parameters for the serial ENET interface ...

Page 31: ... a serial connection In general DTE and DCE refer to computer equipment and modems respectively For more information about cabling a RS 232 port to other devices refer to RS 232 DTE vs DCE The RS 485 ports support four hardware transceiver control modes for reliable communication with two and four wire devices For more information about transceiver control modes refer to RS 485 Transceiver Control...

Page 32: ...TE and Data Communications Equipment DCE refer to the types of equipment on either end of a serial connection In general DTE and DCE refer to computer equipment and modems respectively For more information about cabling a RS 232 port to other devices refer to RS 232 DTE vs DCE The RS 485 ports support four hardware transceiver control modes for reliable communication with two and four wire devices...

Page 33: ...ENET X X2 X X2 X2 ExpressCard X X PCMCIA X X X Windows Vista Windows 2000 XP Server 2003 Windows XP x64 Server 2003 x64 and LabVIEW Real Time allow a maximum of 256 COM ports If you require additional ports contact National Instruments The NI Serial software includes the following components Device driver Measurement Automation Explorer MAX Troubleshooting Wizard Windows only Configuration utiliti...

Page 34: ...ing user interfaces a complete ANSI C environment for building your test program logic and a collection of automated code generation tools as well as utilities for building automated test systems monitoring applications or laboratory experiments After you install your serial hardware and the NI Serial software you can use NI VISA in LabVIEW and LabWindows CVI with your serial interface If you alre...

Page 35: ... object oriented API that will easily adapt to new instrumentation interfaces as they evolve making application migration to the new interfaces easy VISA is the industry standard for developing instrument drivers Most current drivers written by National Instruments use NI VISA and support Windows Pocket PC Linux Mac OS X and LabVIEW RT as long as the appropriate system level drivers are available ...

Page 36: ...erial software on your Windows system follow these steps 1 Log on as Administrator or as a user with administrator privileges 2 Insert the NI Serial Software CD 3 Click Install Software and follow the onscreen instructions 4 Install your Windows serial hardware ...

Page 37: ...y clicking the next to it 3 Find your remote system in the list and expand it 4 Right click Software and select Add Remove Software 5 In the Add Remove Software window click NI Serial and select Install To use VISA Interactive Control and VISA test panels you must also install NI VISA Server 6 Click Next to start the software download Click Finish when the download is complete 7 Shut down your RT ...

Page 38: ...Install the Hardware PCI Hardware Installation PXI Hardware Installation USB Hardware Installation ENET Hardware Installation ExpressCard Installation PCMCIA Hardware Installation ...

Page 39: ... install your PCI serial board complete the following steps 1 Turn off your computer Keep the computer plugged in so that it remains grounded while you install the PCI serial board 2 Remove the top or side cover of the computer 3 Find an unused PCI expansion slot in your computer 4 Remove the corresponding expansion slot cover on the back panel of the computer 5 Touch a metal part on your chassis ...

Page 40: ...the PCI serial board mounting bracket to the back panel mounting rail of the computer 8 Replace the cover 9 Turn on your computer 10 The operating system will automatically detect your hardware The serial hardware installation is complete Continue to Verify the Installation ...

Page 41: ...r serial board Before installing your hardware follow the NI Serial Software Installation instructions To install your PXI serial board complete the following steps 1 Turn off your PXI or CompactPCI chassis Keep the chassis plugged in so that it remains grounded while you install the PXI serial board 2 Find an unused PXI or CompactPCI peripheral slot 3 Remove the corresponding filler panel 4 Touch...

Page 42: ...the PXI Serial Board 6 Screw the PXI serial board front panel to the front panel mounting rail of the PXI or CompactPCI chassis 7 Turn on your PXI or CompactPCI chassis 8 The operating system will automatically detect your hardware The serial hardware installation is complete Continue to Verify the Installation ...

Page 43: ...I Serial Software Installation instructions To install your USB serial hardware complete the following steps 1 If you are installing a USB 485 4 connect the external power supply 2 Connect the USB cable from the USB hardware to an available USB port on your computer or USB hub 3 If your computer is not already on turn it on 4 Windows will automatically detect your hardware The serial hardware inst...

Page 44: ...e serial ENET Plug the other end of the power cord into an AC outlet Caution If you do not use the power supply included in your kit ensure that you do not operate your serial ENET interface at any voltage other than the one specified on the rear panel Doing so could damage the unit 1 Configuration Reset Switch 2 Power Connection 3 Ethernet Connection 4 Serial Ports 1 and 2 5 Serial Ports 3 and 4 ...

Page 45: ...ocol DHCP to perform the configuration automatically Turn on the front panel power switch The PWR RDY LED alternates rapidly between red and yellow while the unit completes its power on self tests and attempts to acquire its network parameters By default the serial ENET interface attempts its network configuration through DHCP The time required for assigning the IP address depends on your network ...

Page 46: ... PWR RDY LED is steady red the serial ENET has an unrecoverable error Contact National Instruments Technical Support If the PWR RDY LED blinks a slow red yellow pattern the serial ENET did not pass its self tests Refer to ENET PWR RDY LED Signaling to interpret the flash pattern before calling National Instruments Technical Support Note If at any time you want to return the serial ENET interface t...

Page 47: ...ll the ExpressCard serial board in your computer insert the card into a free ExpressCard socket The card has no jumpers or switches to set and you do not need to shut down the system before you insert it Windows will automatically detect your hardware The serial hardware installation is complete Continue to Verify the Installation ...

Page 48: ...MCIA socket The card has no jumpers or switches to set and you do not need to shut down the system before you insert it The following figure shows how to insert a PCMCIA serial card and how to connect the cable 1 PCMCIA Socket 2 PCMCIA Serial Cable Inserting a PCMCIA Serial Card Windows will automatically detect your hardware The serial hardware installation is complete Continue to Verify the Inst...

Page 49: ...oftware Version Monitor Record and Display NI VISA API Calls System Report Generation View or Change Serial Port Settings Port Settings Advanced Settings Save Pending Changes Discard Pending Changes Restore Defaults Import Export a Configuration File NI Serial Communicator Recover Unused COM Numbers Additional Help and Resources NI Serial Online Help National Instruments Serial Web Site ...

Page 50: ...e NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard to verify installation and troubleshoot serial problems Windows only Launch NI Spy to monitor NI VISA API calls to serial interfaces Windows only View information about your serial hardware and NI Serial software Reconfigure the serial interface settings Locate additional help resources for NI Serial ...

Page 51: ...s to serial port settings you must launch MAX with administrative privileges To launch MAX with administrative privileges right click the MAX icon on the desktop or the Start menu and select Run as administrator You must enter an administrative password if you are not an administrator When you launch MAX the following window appears Measurement Automation Explorer ...

Page 52: ...s and select Create New 3 In the Create New dialog window select Serial ENET Interface and click Finish 4 Follow the prompts in the Add Serial ENET Hardware Wizard to add your serial ENET interface If the PWR RDY LED continues to alternate rapidly between red and yellow the unit could not use DHCP to configure its network parameters You need to use the NI Ethernet Device Configuration utility to c...

Page 53: ...izard 1 Launch MAX 2 Select Help Troubleshooting NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard The Troubleshooting Wizard tests your serial interface and displays the results as shown below NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard The Troubleshooting Wizard verifies that your serial driver is installed properly that the configuration of your hardware does not conflict with anything else in your system and that the ser...

Page 54: ...drop down menu that appears 4 When prompted click the Yes button to confirm the removal of your interface 5 MAX automatically updates the list of installed serial interfaces You can also select View Refresh to update the list On LabVIEW RT it is not necessary to programmatically delete hardware from the system Simply power down your RT controller and remove the hardware When you power on your RT c...

Page 55: ...l MAX displays the NI Serial software version number in the right pane To view the NI Serial software version installed on a LabVIEW RT controller follow these steps 1 Launch MAX 2 Expand Remote Systems by clicking the next to it 3 Find your RT controller in the list and expand it 4 Expand the Software directory 5 Click NI Serial MAX displays the NI Serial software version number in the right pane...

Page 56: ... by clicking the next to the folder 3 Right click on your serial interface and select NI Spy from the drop down menu that appears 4 On the NI Spy toolbar click the blue arrow button to start a capture 5 Start the NI VISA application you want to monitor NI Spy records and displays all NI VISA calls as shown below For more information about using NI Spy select Help Help Topics in NI Spy ...

Page 57: ... installed on your system To create a report follow these steps 1 Launch MAX 2 Click File Create Report 3 Follow the dialog prompts to select the report type and the system and components you want to include in the report 4 Select a report filename and location Click the View report after the wizard exits box to launch the report automatically ...

Page 58: ...he folder 3 Select your serial interface to display hardware information in the right pane 4 Right click on the serial port you want to modify and select Goto COM where is the serial COM number assigned to that physical port This directs you to the appropriate serial port under the Serial Parallel section of MAX To view or change your LabVIEW RT port settings follow these steps 1 Launch MAX ...

Page 59: ...and plug in boards are displayed To change the settings of a port on a plug in serial board select it from the list and expand it to see the ports 7 Select a port to change its settings To see chassis and slot information for plug in serial boards identify your PXI system To view or change the port settings click the Port Settings tab For more information about these settings refer to Port Setting...

Page 60: ...ias resistors on the USB 485 click the Advanced tab For more information about these settings refer to Advanced Settings Note Transceiver modes apply to RS 485 and USB 232 two and four port interfaces only For more information about transceiver modes refer to Using Your Serial Hardware ...

Page 61: ...hange any setting by clicking the arrow button to the right of a field When you click the arrow button a list of valid values for that field appears and you can select the desired setting from the list The following figure shows the Port Settings tab ...

Page 62: ...ings click the Advanced tab shown in the following figure The available settings may change depending on what serial interface you are configuring Click Show Help in the upper right corner of the MAX window for information about specific advanced settings ...

Page 63: ...Save Pending Changes To save your changes to this item click Save ...

Page 64: ...nges To discard your changes to this item click Revert Revert is available only if you have made at least one change to this item It undoes any changes you have made and restores the item to the most recently saved state ...

Page 65: ...Restore Defaults To reset the fields to their default values at any time click the Defaults button ...

Page 66: ...method to back up and restore your port settings or deploy them to other systems To export your port settings to a file select File Export Be sure to pick the correct LabVIEW Real Time system from which to export To import settings from a file to your ports select File Import Be sure to pick the correct LabVIEW Real Time system to which to import For more information refer to Measurement Automatio...

Page 67: ...municator 1 Launch MAX 2 Expand the Devices and Interfaces directory by clicking the next to the folder 3 Select your serial interface and expand it to see its ports by clicking the next to its name 4 Right click on the serial port you want to use and select Communicate with Instrument This launches the NI Serial Communicator You can use the General Flow Control and Advanced tabs to change the por...

Page 68: ...nues to mark the COM numbers associated with that hardware as in use This allows you to reinsert the hardware and have those ports keep their original COM numbers To free up the COM number assignments that are no longer associated with hardware physically present in the system follow these steps 1 Launch MAX 2 Select Tools NI Serial Recover Unused COM Numbers ...

Page 69: ...tional Help and Resources To access additional help and resources for the NI Serial software and your serial hardware refer to the following topics NI Serial Online Help National Instruments Serial Web Site ...

Page 70: ...Help The NI Serial Help addresses questions you might have about NI Serial and includes troubleshooting information Follow these steps to access the NI Serial online help 1 Launch MAX 2 Select Help Help Topics NI Serial ...

Page 71: ...National Instruments Serial Web Site Follow these steps to access the National Instruments Web site for serial 1 Launch MAX 2 Select Help National Instruments on the Web NI Serial ...

Page 72: ...Serial ENET Configuration Viewing Network Settings Configuring Network Settings Using the CFG RESET Switch Verifying the Hostname Using DHCP Using Static IP Parameters Updating Firmware ...

Page 73: ...es as indicated in the IP address hostname column A hostname indicates DHCP has successfully configured the device A numerical IP address indicates the device has successfully been configured with a static IP address Unconfigured indicates the device is configured to use DHCP but DHCP failed to attain network parameters Busy indicates the device is configured to use DHCP and currently is attemptin...

Page 74: ...he network settings Hostname Verification Error Detected 5 To view or change the settings for a particular serial ENET interface select it in the list and click Properties Refer to Configuring Network Settings for information about configuring your serial ENET network settings ...

Page 75: ...nformation about using this switch While in network configuration mode the PWR RDY LED alternates rapidly between red and yellow and normal operation is halted Note If you only want to view the network configuration settings without making changes you do not need to place the unit into network configuration mode While in normal operation you can follow the instructions below to examine the propert...

Page 76: ...n if the numerical IP address changes However some DHCP servers do not implement hostname registration The serial ENET interface requires domain name server DNS registration when using DHCP If your DHCP server does not support DNS registration you must use static network parameters Consult your network administrator for more details For more information about DHCP refer to Using DHCP 2 In the Prop...

Page 77: ... Static IP Parameters for more information Specifying IP Settings Note The IP settings shown above are shown only as a format example 4 You can enter an optional comment to help you identify the device 5 Click OK to configure the device or Cancel to exit without saving the configuration changes 6 Click Exit or Cancel to close the NI Ethernet Device Configuration utility The device automatically re...

Page 78: ... is a recessed switch beside the Ethernet ENET connector on the rear panel Refer to Rear Panel of a Four Port Serial ENET Interface for an illustration of its location This switch performs two functions depending on whether you press it at power on or during operation ...

Page 79: ...onnections then press and hold the CFG RESET switch and wait approximately three seconds until the PWR RDY LED becomes solid red If you release the switch prior to three seconds the serial ENET interface continues to operate normally The PWR RDY LED goes through the following changes during these three seconds 1 The LED begins slowly alternating between red and yellow 2 The alternating pattern inc...

Page 80: ... RDY LED becomes solid red If you release the switch prior to three seconds no change occurs to the network configuration and the serial ENET interface continues to boot normally The PWR RDY LED goes through the following changes during these three seconds 1 The LED begins slowly alternating between red and yellow 2 The alternating pattern increases in tempo 3 At three seconds the PWR RDY LED beco...

Page 81: ...click OK Change the device s hostname to match the DNS entry Use this option if you want to accept the hostname the DHCP server assigns or if you cannot contact the network administrator to change the DNS entry Use static network parameters instead of DHCP Use this option if you cannot use the hostname the DHCP server assigns Contact your network administrator to obtain a valid IP address subnet a...

Page 82: ...your network administrator to change the DNS entry 4 Review the network parameter settings in the Properties window 5 Confirm that the device is in network configuration mode and click OK The device reboots with the new settings in effect 6 After the device reboots click Refresh to verify that the hostname is now valid ...

Page 83: ...egistration typically requires active management by a corporate MIS department or equivalent because of several risks for failure One possible failure can occur if the pool of available addresses contains no more unassigned IP addresses This problem is evident if DHCP fails to work and the PWR RDY LED continues to flicker for longer than 90 seconds at power on In this situation you need to obtain ...

Page 84: ...ddress changes with successive reboots If you are setting up a small network for your instrumentation system National Instruments recommends using static IP addresses because they are easier to implement and maintain In this system you can safely use the numerical form of the IP address to communicate with your product because the address is unlikely to change Small networks are less likely to hav...

Page 85: ...ample 130 164 54 20 Refer to Choosing a Static IP Address Subnet mask A code that helps the network device determine whether another device is on the same network or a different network Gateway IP The IP address of a device that acts as a gateway which is a connection between two networks If your network does not have a gateway set this parameter to 0 0 0 0 DNS Server The IP address of a network d...

Page 86: ...ines the IP address format You should use the same subnet mask as the computer you are using to configure your serial ENET interface If your subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 the first three numbers in every IP address on the network must be the same If your subnet mask is 255 255 0 0 only the first two numbers in the IP addresses on the network must match For either subnet mask numbers between 1 and 2...

Page 87: ... this information you can obtain it by Viewing Network Settings Note The NI Ethernet Device Firmware Update utility cannot update the firmware while any network connections are active Close any open connections before you attempt a firmware update Hosts cannot connect to the serial ENET interface while it is updating the firmware Complete the following steps to run the NI Ethernet Device Firmware ...

Page 88: ...rmware in the unit A dialog box reports that the update utility is searching for the Ethernet device 7 The utility prompts you to confirm the change you are about to perform Click OK to continue As the update utility transfers the firmware image to your serial ENET interface the Update Progress status bar fills and the Current status box describes each step in the process The Current status box re...

Page 89: ...ting the RS 485 Transceiver Control Mode in Windows Setting the RS 485 Transceiver Control Mode in LabVIEW RT Bias Resistors USB 485 Programmatically Controlled Bias Resistors Setting the USB 485 Programmatically Controlled Bias Resistor Mode Retrieving the RS 232 Transceiver State with DeviceIoControl USB 232 Transceiver Control Setting the RS 232 Transceiver Mode with DeviceIoControl Setting Rin...

Page 90: ...remember that you must use the standard Windows serial communication functions or any API that uses the standard Windows serial communication functions such as NI VISA For more information about NI VISA see ni com VISA For information about Microsoft Windows serial communication functions refer to the Platform Software Development Kit If you have LabVIEW LabWindows CVI or VISA and want to use it w...

Page 91: ...ts standard baud rates In addition the PCI PXI 843x family of hardware supports any baud rate between 2 bit s and the maximum supported baud rate for that interface National Instruments considers the following baud rates to be standard NI serial hardware supports these rates up to the maximum rate specified Your device may also support additional baud rates not listed below 110 14400 300 19200 600...

Page 92: ...1The two wire auto control mode for the RS 485 transceiver has a maximum baud rate of 2000 kbit s 2The PCMCIA 232 4 has a maximum baud rate of 115 2 kbit s ...

Page 93: ... of overflowing the RX FIFO buffer Secondary interrupt handling is a setting at the system wide level and is enabled by default To enable or disable this feature complete the following steps 1 Copy to your host the niserial dbs file in the ni rt system directory on the RT target 2 In the niserial dbs file find the entry SecondaryInterrupts and modify it accordingly To enable secondary interrupt ha...

Page 94: ...eiver state RS 232 DTE DCE transceiver control To determine which features your product supports refer to the following table Serial Hardware Features Hardware Adjustable FIFO Settings Get Interface Type RS 485 Transceiver Control RS 485 Socketed Bias Resistors RS 485 Programmatically Controlled Bias Resistors PCI PXI 8430 PCI PXI 8432 X X PCI 232 PXI 8420 PXI 8422 X X PCI PXI 8431 eight port PCI ...

Page 95: ... PXI 8423 USB 232 one port X USB 232 two and four port X USB 485 one port X X X USB 485 two and four port X X X X ENET 232 ENET 485 X X ExpressCard 8420 X ExpressCard 8421 X X X PCMCIA 232 X X PCMCIA 485 X X X ...

Page 96: ...n serial boards have configurable FIFO settings Use the Advanced tab in MAX to configure your FIFO settings When you configure FIFO settings consider the following points You can select larger FIFO buffer sizes to reduce the number of interrupts your PC receives and thereby minimize system overhead If transfer rates are high you can lower the Receive Buffer value to prevent overrun errors due to i...

Page 97: ...ng lines to your source code include winioctl h include NiSerial h Note The header file NiSerial h is included on your NI Serial software CD You also can find it in the NI Serial folder where you installed your National Instruments software typically C Program Files National Instruments NI Serial 2 The SERIAL_INTERFACE attribute can have the following values RS485_INTERFACE RS232_INTERFACE 3 To re...

Page 98: ...0 LPVOID l_SerialInterface sizeof l_SerialInterface LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL ...

Page 99: ...ing table lists the status of the transmitters and receivers under each transceiver control mode RS 485 Transceiver Control Modes Mode Transmitter Receiver Four wire mode Always enabled Always enabled Two wire mode DTR controlled with echo Enabled when DTR asserted Always enabled Two wire mode DTR controlled Enabled when DTR asserted Enabled when DTR unasserted Two wire mode Auto Control Enabled w...

Page 100: ...Four Wire Mode Use the four wire mode for most full duplex systems In this mode the transmitter and receiver are always enabled This mode is the default ...

Page 101: ...l of the UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter is unasserted To transmit your application first must enable the transmitter by asserting DTR After the data is fully transmitted your application unasserts DTR to disable the transmitter Because the receiver is always enabled in this mode you receive packets not only from other devices but also your transmitter Thus your receiver echoes al...

Page 102: ...ire DTR with echo mode Although this mode uses the same method as the DTR with echo mode to control the transmitter the hardware automatically disables the receiver whenever the transmitter is enabled Thus you do not receive the packets sent from your transmitter ...

Page 103: ...whenever the transmitter is enabled so you do not receive the packets sent from your transmitter Note When you are communicating with a two wire device National Instruments recommends that you use the two wire Auto Control mode Because this mode handles the transmitter receiver enabling for a two wire connection in your hardware it reduces the software overhead required to perform this operation i...

Page 104: ...Setting the RS 485 Transceiver Control Mode in Windows Setting the Default Mode of Operation To set the default mode of operation Use the Advanced tab in Measurement Automation Explorer MAX ...

Page 105: ...ceIoControl Windows function on PCI PXI USB ExpressCard and PCMCIA RS 485 hardware complete the following steps 1 Add the following lines to your source code include winioctl h include NiSerial h Note You can find the header file NiSerial h in the NI Serial folder where you installed your National Instruments software typically C Program Files National Instruments NI Serial It is also included on ...

Page 106: ...eCount NULL 4 To retrieve the current RS 485 transceiver control mode you can use NISERIAL_GET_RS485_MODE and DeviceIoControl with the following code TRANSCEIVER_MODE l_TransceiverMode DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_GET_RS485_MODE LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID l_TransceiverMode sizeof l_TransceiverMode LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL Setting the RS 485 Transceiver Control Mode on ENET Hardw...

Page 107: ...fine IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TRANSCEIVER_MODE CTL_CODE FILE_DEVICE_SERIAL_PORT 37 METHOD_BUFFERED F 2 To set the RS 485 transceiver control mode use IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TRANSCEIVER_MODE and DeviceIoControl For example to set to two wire Auto Control mode use the following code ULONG bytecount TRANSCEIVER_MODE transceiver_mode SERIAL_TM_2W_AUTO DeviceIoControl comhandle IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TRANSCEIVER_MODE PVOI...

Page 108: ...s Note Without modification the default mode is set to four wire 1 Using an FTP client download the ni rt system niserial dbs file from the LabVIEW Real Time target 2 Locate the entry in the niserial dbs file that says SerialPortName COMx where COMx corresponds to the port you want to modify 3 In the next line add the following entry to the niserial dbs file TransceiverMode Transceiver Mode where ...

Page 109: ...the LabVIEW Real Time target replacing the original file Reboot your LabVIEW Real Time target for your changes to take effect For example to configure COM4 to use two wire Auto Control mode the following would appear in the niserial dbs file SerialPortName COM4 TransceiverMode 131 ...

Page 110: ...sceiver Control Mode Programmatically To modify the transceiver control mode programmatically In LabVIEW Real Time you must use the VISA wire mode attribute to change the RS 485 transceiver control mode programmatically ...

Page 111: ...istors On the PCI RS 485 two and four port serial cards PXI RS 485 two and four port serial cards and ENET RS 485 two and four port serial cards there are four user configurable bias resistors in front of each connector These resistors are socketed and pre loaded with 620 resistors They are connected to the receive signals of each port to maintain a known state when the bus is idle The connections...

Page 112: ...B transmission line using bias resistors USB 485 Transmission Line Using Bias Resistors The values of the programmatically controlled bias resistors have been calculated such that there is a voltage of at least 200 mV between the differential pair Rather than using the programmatically controlled bias resistors you can load custom values of resistors into the sockets in front of each connector or ...

Page 113: ...nd disabled during USB suspend There are two ways to control these resistors Use the Advanced tab in MAX If the Enable Dynamic Bias Resistors box is checked the resistors are enabled automatically whenever a serial port is open during normal operation If the box is not checked the resistors are disabled Your software can enable or disable the bias resistors programmatically by making DeviceIoContr...

Page 114: ...ur NI Serial software CD You also can find it in the NI Serial folder where you installed your National Instruments software typically C Program Files National Instruments NI Serial 2 The SERIAL_RS485_BIAS attribute can have the following values RS485_BIAS_OFF RS485_BIAS_ON 3 To set the RS 485 bias resistor mode use NISERIAL_SET_RS485_BIAS and DeviceIoControl For example to enable programmatically...

Page 115: ...de you can use NISERIAL_GET_RS485_BIAS and DeviceIoControl with the following code SERIAL_RS485_BIAS l_SerialRs485Bias DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_GET_RS485_BIAS LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID l_SerialRs485Bias sizeof l_SerialRs485Bias LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL ...

Page 116: ...are uses programmatic control codes and the DeviceIoControl Windows function to retrieve the RS 232 transceiver state and transceiver mode To retrieve the RS 232 transceiver state using the DeviceIoControl Windows function complete the following steps 1 Add the following lines to your source code include winioctl h include NiSerial h Note The header file NiSerial h is included on your NI Serial so...

Page 117: ...32 transceiver state use NISERIAL_GET_RS232_STATE and DeviceIoControl with the following code SERIAL_RS232_STATE l_SerialRs232State DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_GET_RS232_STATE LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID l_SerialRs232State sizeof l_SerialRs232State LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL ...

Page 118: ...rced into DTE mode Force DCE The transceiver is forced into DCE mode Auto 232 The transceiver automatically switches between DTE and DCE modes about four times a second until a valid RS 232 signal is detected Note When using Auto232 if you connect two serial ports set to Auto232 or if valid RS 232 signals are present in both modes the final mode may be either DTE or DCE Note A valid RS 232 signal ...

Page 119: ... following lines to your source code include winioctl h include NiSerial h Note The header file NiSerial h is included on your NI Serial software CD You also can find it in the NI Serial folder where you installed your National Instruments software typically C Program Files National Instruments NI Serial 2 The TRANSCEIVER_MODE attribute can have the following values RS232_MODE_DTE RS232_MODE_DCE R...

Page 120: ...L 4 To retrieve the current RS 232 transceiver mode you can use NISERIAL_GET_RS232_MODE and DeviceIoControl with the following code TRANSCEIVER_MODE l_TransceiverMode DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_GET_RS232_MODE LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID l_TransceiverMode sizeof l_TransceiverMode LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL ...

Page 121: ...unction complete the following steps 1 Add the following lines to your source code include winioctl h include NiSerial h Note The header file NiSerial h is included on your NI Serial software CD You also can find it in the NI Serial folder where you installed your National Instruments software typically C Program Files National Instruments NI Serial 2 The SERIAL_RI_OUT attribute can have the follo...

Page 122: ...VOID NULL 0 LPVOID NULL 0 LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL 5 To retrieve the current state of the RS 232 signal RI when the transceiver is in DCE mode use the following code SERIAL_RI_OUT l_SerialRiOut DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_GET_RI LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID l_SerialRiOut sizeof l_SerialRiOut LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL 6 The SERIAL_DCD_OUT attribute can have the following values ...

Page 123: ...DCD LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID NULL 0 LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL 8 To clear the RS 232 signal DCD when the transceiver is in DCE mode use the following code DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_CLR_DCD LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID NULL 0 LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL 9 To retrieve the current state of the RS 232 signal DCD when the transceiver is in DCE mode use the following code ...

Page 124: ...SERIAL_DCD_OUT l_SerialDcdOut DWORD l_ByteCount DeviceIoControl PortHandle NISERIAL_GET_DCD LPVOID NULL 0 LPVOID l_SerialDcdOut sizeof l_SerialDcdOut LPDWORD l_ByteCount NULL ...

Page 125: ... LEDs The ENET serial and USB serial two and four port hardware uses bicolor light emitting diodes LEDs to indicate device and port status USB LED Descriptions ENET LED Descriptions ENET PWR RDY LED Signaling ...

Page 126: ... 4 only Red Powered and connected to USB but not fully configured Yellow Device is ready normal operation Blinking Red or Red Yellow Device error Contact NI Port x Solid Red Port is open but no valid signals detected USB 232 only Solid Green Port is open Blinking Yellow Port is transmitting Blinking Green Port is receiving Alternated Blinking Green Yellow Port is transmitting and receiving Blinkin...

Page 127: ...2 PORT LEDs USB Serial Hardware LEDs ...

Page 128: ... Slow flashing pattern indicates an error occurred LINK 10 100 Indicates the serial ENET interface detected a twisted pair 10Base T or 100Base TX link The color indicates the connection speed If yellow the speed is 10 Mbits s If green the speed is 100 Mbits s TX Indicates the serial ENET interface is transmitting to the Ethernet network RX Indicates the serial ENET interface is receiving Ethernet ...

Page 129: ...guration mode At other times the PWR RDY LED blinks slowly in a recognizable pattern to alert you of internal errors Use the following steps to interpret and record the pattern that the PWR RDY LED flashes and then contact National Instruments Note By recording the PWR RDY LED error messages before calling National Instruments you can save yourself time and customer support can answer your questio...

Page 130: ...egins with a series of long one second flashes that is one second red one second yellow These long flashes represent the digit in the tens column There can be one to nine long flashes which represent digits 1 through 9 For example one long flash represents the digit 1 in the tens column and nine long flashes represent the digit 9 in the tens column ...

Page 131: ...present the digits 1 through 9 For example one short flash represents the digit 1 in the ones column and nine short flashes represent the digit 9 in the ones column Using this method the PWR RDY LED flashes the following sequence to represent error message 11 three seconds yellow one long red flash one short red flash three seconds yellow The PWR RDY LED flashes the following sequence to represent...

Page 132: ...d Your Error Message Number When you have computed your error message number write it down and also note the ON OFF state of the LINK TX and RX LEDs Have this information available when calling National Instruments ...

Page 133: ...tor Descriptions The following topics describe serial hardware connectors Connecting Cables Connecting Two Wire Devices DB 9 Connector Modular Jack Connector DB 25 Connector 68 Pin Connector 100 Pin Connector ...

Page 134: ...with the four port serial boards by ordering the 10 position modular jack to DB 25 converter cable from National Instruments The eight port serial boards include a pig tail cable adapter providing eight standard DB 9 connectors The 16 port boards include a breakout box providing 16 standard DB 9 connectors Note To achieve the specified isolation voltage for four port isolated PCI or PXI serial boa...

Page 135: ...to a port on your board using half duplex communication you need a single twisted pair of wires At the board connect the TXD and RXD signals pins 8 and 4 on a DB 9 connector pins 5 and 20 on a DB 25 connector together and to one wire Connect the other end of this wire to both the TXD and RXD signals on the data acquisition device Use the same method to connect the TXD and RXD signals pins 9 and 5 ...

Page 136: ... for the eight port board and the DB 9 connectors to the 16 port breakout box DB 9 Connector Pin Locations DB 9 Pin Descriptions DB 9 Pin 232 Signal DTE 485 Signal 1 DCD GND 2 RXD CTS HSI 3 TXD RTS HSO 4 DTR RXD 5 GND RXD 6 DSR CTS HSI 7 RTS RTS HSO 8 CTS TXD 9 RI TXD These signals are No Connect on the isolated 232 boards or ports 9 16 of the PCI 232 16 legacy board ...

Page 137: ... jack 10 Position Modular Jack Pin Locations 10 Position Modular Jack Pin Descriptions 10 Position Modular Jack Pin 232 Signal 485 Signal 10 DCD GND 9 RXD CTS HSI 8 TXD RTS HSO 7 DTR RXD 6 GND RXD 5 DSR CTS HSI 4 RTS RTS HSO 3 CTS TXD 2 RI TXD 1 No Connect No Connect These signals are No Connect on the isolated 232 ports ...

Page 138: ...onnector Pin Locations DB 25 Pin Descriptions DB 25 Pin 232 Signal 485 Signal 2 TXD RTS HSO 3 RXD CTS HSI 4 RTS RTS HSO 5 CTS TXD 6 DSR CTS HSI 7 GND RXD 8 DCD GND 20 DTR RXD 22 RI TXD Pins not listed in this table are No Connect These signals are No Connect on the isolated 232 ports The following figure shows how to connect the cables when you install a four port PXI serial board ...

Page 139: ...Connecting the Cables to a Four Port PXI Serial Board ...

Page 140: ... Pin Connector Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 485 Signal 485 D Sub 9 Connector 232 Signal 232 D Sub 9 Connector 66 57 49 40 32 23 15 6 RXD 5 DCD 1 68 59 51 42 34 25 17 8 CTS 2 RXD 2 65 56 48 39 31 22 14 5 RTS 3 TXD 3 64 55 47 38 30 21 13 4 RXD 4 DTR 4 60 60 43 43 26 26 9 9 GND 1 GND 5 63 54 46 37 29 20 12 3 CTS 6 DSR 6 62 53 45 36 28 19 11 2 RTS 7 RTS 7 61 52 44 35 27 18 10 1 TXD 8 CTS 8 ...

Page 141: ...67 58 50 41 33 24 16 7 TXD 9 RI 9 ...

Page 142: ... 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 232 Signal 232 D Sub 9 Connector 2 46 6 42 10 38 14 34 DCD 1 3 47 7 43 11 39 15 35 18 32 20 30 22 28 24 26 RXD 2 4 48 8 44 12 40 16 36 19 33 21 31 23 29 25 27 TXD 3 5 49 9 45 13 41 17 37 DTR 4 1 1 1 1 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 100 100 100 100 GND 5 52 96 56 92 60 88 64 84 DSR 6 53 97 57 93 61 89 65 85 68 82 70 80 72 78 74 76 RTS 7 54 98 58 94 62 90 66 86 69 83 71 81 73 ...

Page 143: ...55 99 59 95 63 91 67 87 RI 9 These signals are not supported on ports 9 16 of the PCI 232 16 and PXI 8420 16 serial boards ...

Page 144: ...rs RS 232 DTE versus DCE The following table lists the features of the RS 232 RS 422 and RS 485 standards RS 232 RS 422 and RS 485 Features Feature RS 232 RS 422 RS 485 Type of transmission lines Single ended Differential Differential Maximum number of drivers 1 1 32 Maximum number of receivers 1 10 32 Maximum cable length 50 ft 4 000 ft 4 000 ft Maximum data rate 20 kbytes s 10 Mbytes s 10 Mbytes...

Page 145: ...232 standard to interface peripherals to personal computers RS 232 uses transmission lines in which the state of each signal is represented by referencing the voltage level of a single line to ground RS 232 was designed for serial communication up to distances of 50 ft and with data rates up to 20 kbytes s However because of improvements in line drivers and cabling it is possible to increase the a...

Page 146: ...o ground as in RS 232 but rather by the relative voltage of the two lines to each other For example the TX signal is carried on two wires wire A and wire B A logical 1 is represented by the voltage on line A being greater than the voltage on line B A logical 0 is represented by the voltage on line A being less than the voltage on line B Differential voltage transmission creates a signal that is mo...

Page 147: ... of devices you can use from 10 to 32 and by working with half duplex bus architectures Unlike the RS 422 standard RS 485 addresses the issue of using multiple transmitters on the same line RS 485 defines the electrical characteristics necessary to ensure adequate signal voltages under maximum load as well as short circuit protection RS 485 can also withstand multiple drivers driving conflicting s...

Page 148: ...pics explain some serial communication issues including duplex architectures termination methods bias resistors and types of connecting equipment Duplex Architectures Full Duplex Half Duplex RS 485 Termination Bias Resistors RS 232 DTE versus DCE ...

Page 149: ...ing both devices switch the connections from their transmitter to their receiver or vice versa The device that was receiving data can then transmit over the line In full duplex communication the devices use a separate wire or pair of wires for simultaneous transmission in each direction Thus the devices do not switch between transmitting and receiving In a differential serial bus such as RS 422 or...

Page 150: ...full duplex system one transmission line connects the bus master transmitter to all of the slave receivers A second transmission line connects all of the slave transmitters to the bus master receiver Because each transmission line has two separate wires a full duplex system is often referred to as a four wire system The master uses four wire mode and the slaves use two wire mode The following figu...

Page 151: ...a master slave protocol However in a half duplex system all transmitters and receivers are connected to the same transmission line A half duplex system is often referred to as a two wire system The following figure shows a typical half duplex system Typical Half Duplex System ...

Page 152: ...and last instruments The terminating resistor should match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line typically 100 to 120 You can order an optional DB 9 RS 485 termination connector that contains embedded terminating resistors for easy termination from National Instruments For ordering information contact National Instruments The following figure shows a multidrop network using termina...

Page 153: ...able To prevent a line from receiving these data bits the transmission line can be forced into a known state by installing two bias resistors at one node on the transmission line Doing so creates a voltage divider that forces the voltage between the differential pair to be greater than 200 mV the threshold voltage for the receiver For more information about RS 485 bias resistors refer to Using You...

Page 154: ...rd method to connect a modem to your PC However because many applications use serial communication to connect two or more DTEs without modems the cabling becomes more complicated If two DTEs are wired together using a straight through cable one transmitter is connected to the other transmitter and one receiver is connected to the other receiver In this setup no transmissions can occur Thus these a...

Page 155: ...232 ports are DTE serial ports USB 232 two and four port only can be configured to DTE or DCE Refer to USB 232 Transceiver Control for more information ...

Page 156: ...ardware and Software The following topics describe how to uninstall your serial hardware and the NI Serial software Delete a Serial Interface Uninstall Software from Your LabVIEW RT Target Uninstall the Windows Software ...

Page 157: ...drop down menu that appears 4 When prompted click the Yes button to confirm the removal of your interface 5 MAX automatically updates the list of installed serial interfaces You can also select View Refresh to update the list On LabVIEW RT it is not necessary to programmatically delete hardware from the system Simply power down your RT controller and remove the hardware When you power on your RT c...

Page 158: ...1 Launch MAX 2 Expand Remote Systems by clicking the next to it 3 Find your remote system in the list and expand it 4 Right click Software and select Add Remove Software 5 In the Add Remove Software window click NI Serial and select Uninstall the Feature 6 Click Next to start the software download Click Finish when the download is complete ...

Page 159: ...ver 2003 or the Uninstall Change button on Windows Vista 4 Select the software components you want to remove and click the Remove button The uninstallation program removes all folders utilites and registry entries associated with the NI Serial software 5 Shut down Windows power off your computer and physically remove the serial interfaces from your system The uninstallation program removes only it...

Page 160: ...oting and Frequently Asked Questions The following topics describe how to troubleshoot problems and answer some common questions Verify Installation and Troubleshoot NI Serial Problems Frequently Asked Questions ...

Page 161: ...izard 1 Launch MAX 2 Select Help Troubleshooting NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard The Troubleshooting Wizard tests your serial interface and displays the results as shown below NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard The Troubleshooting Wizard verifies that your serial driver is installed properly that the configuration of your hardware does not conflict with anything else in your system and that the ser...

Page 162: ...COMx How can I change the COM numbers of my National Instruments serial ports Why can t I make changes to my settings in MAX on Windows Vista Why does my hardware keep reappearing after I delete it on Windows Vista How many serial ports can I have on my machine How many interrupts are required for my serial interface How do I resolve serial USB power conflicts What is the difference between USB 2 ...

Page 163: ... interface What is the relationship between bits per second throughput and bus utilization What happens to data sent to a closed serial port Why do loopback tests of large data transfers sometimes have problems Does the serial hardware have built in support for protocols such as SDLC and ModBus How do I use 9 data bit framing Can I use NI serial hardware with a non Windows platform Can I use USB s...

Page 164: ...he System icon 2 Select the Hardware tab and click the Device Manager button 3 Double click the Multifunction Adapters icon 4 From the Multifunction adapters list right click the National Instruments interface that was not detected as shown in the following figure This example shows a PCI interface Selecting an Interface to Uninstall 5 Choose the Uninstall option 6 In the Confirm Device Removal di...

Page 165: ...7 Click the Scan for Hardware Changes icon at the top of the Device Manager window 8 Windows should automatically detect your hardware ...

Page 166: ... communication ports are displayed without exclamation marks If any USB serial port has an exclamation mark right click the port and select Uninstall 4 Double click the Universal Serial Bus Controllers icon Verify that no USB Composite Devices have exclamation marks If any USB Composite Device has an exclamation mark right click the port and select Uninstall 5 Click the Scan for Hardware Changes i...

Page 167: ......

Page 168: ... below 3 Double click the Ports COM LPT icon Verify that all ExpressCard serial communication ports are displayed without exclamation marks If any ExpressCard serial port has an exclamation mark right click the port and select Uninstall 4 Double click the Universal Serial Bus Controllers icon Verify that no USB Composite Devices have exclamation marks If any USB Composite Device has an exclamation...

Page 169: ......

Page 170: ... your installed serial hardware under Devices and Interfaces as shown in the following figure To view the serial hardware installed on your LabVIEW Real Time controller complete the following steps 1 Launch MAX 2 Expand Remote Systems by clicking the next to the folder 3 Find your RT controller in the list and expand it 4 Expand the Devices and Interfaces directory 5 Expand the Serial entry MAX li...

Page 171: ......

Page 172: ...n in the device manager and MAX may not change This happens because Windows cannot distinguish the old hardware from the new To fix this problem delete the interface from the system and either scan for new hardware in the device manager or restart your computer This forces Windows to reinstall your hardware and the correct serial number should be displayed ...

Page 173: ...How can I determine which version of the NI Serial software I have installed You can use MAX to view your NI Serial software version ...

Page 174: ...How do I troubleshoot problems Use the NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard This wizard verifies that your serial hardware and the NI Serial software are installed correctly and working properly ...

Page 175: ...ne whether my hardware and software are installed properly Use the NI Serial Troubleshooting Wizard This wizard verifies that your serial hardware and the NI Serial software are installed correctly and working properly ...

Page 176: ...n the list and click the Change Remove button on Windows 2000 XP Server 2003 or the Uninstall Change button on Windows Vista 4 Select the software components you want to repair and click the Repair button The repair checks all utilities and registry entries associated with the NI Serial software and repairs or replaces files as necessary 5 Restart the computer to complete the repair process 6 Use ...

Page 177: ...eps 1 Launch MAX 2 Expand the Devices and Interfaces directory by clicking on the next to the folder MAX lists your installed serial hardware under Devices and Interfaces 3 Click your serial interface in the device tree The right window displays information on what COM number is associated with each physical port on your serial interface ...

Page 178: ...How can I change the COM numbers of my National Instruments serial ports Select a new COM number from the COM Port Number control of the Advanced MAX tab and click Save ...

Page 179: ...istrative privileges 1 If MAX is open close it 2 Find the MAX icon on the desktop or by going to Start Programs National Instruments Measurement Automation 3 Right click on the MAX icon and select Run as administrator You must enter an administrative password if you are not an administrator You should now be able to modify and save settings in MAX ...

Page 180: ...When you delete a piece of hardware Windows Vista automatically rescans for new hardware If you delete more than one piece of hardware at the same time the first piece is added back to the system when you delete the second piece To prevent this behavior you must remove each piece of hardware after you delete it from MAX or the device manager ...

Page 181: ...How many serial ports can I have on my machine You can have up to 256 serial ports ...

Page 182: ...w many interrupts are required for my serial interface If you have a shared IRQ board or an isolated board you need one interrupt per board Serial ENET and serial USB interfaces do not require interrupts ...

Page 183: ...enough power to support the USB serial hardware and a system dialog box informs you that there is not enough power for the device reconnect the hardware to an externally powered hub The USB 485 4 is a self powered device that requires external power If the device is plugged into a USB port and the device does not have power it will not enumerate and the ports will not show in the Device Manager To...

Page 184: ...ly existing full speed 12 Mbit s and low speed 1 5 Mbit s modes of operation Because USB 2 0 expands on the features of USB 1 1 while preserving backward device compatibility you can use most full speed and low speed devices with either USB 2 0 high speed networks or USB 1 1 full speed networks USB 232 485 devices are USB 2 0 full speed compliant so you can use them in either high speed USB 2 0 hu...

Page 185: ...voltages on receive lines for both modes even though the device itself is only DTE or DCE Thus these devices may not operate correctly when using Auto232 mode Some applications immediately start communicating after a COM port is open thus not allowing enough time for the proper operating mode to be selected Some cabling schemes short RI DCD and DSR together While this does not present a problem in...

Page 186: ...y be reduced when multiple USB 232 and USB 485 devices are installed This can cause slow screen updating mouse and window movements and reduced task switching performance This problem is addressed in Windows XP Service Pack 1 To obtain Windows XP Service Pack 1 use Windows Update or contact Microsoft at www microsoft com ...

Page 187: ... device is first powered Because the firmware images for operation under Windows 2000 and Windows XP are different and the USB bus power may not be cycled during a reboot it is possible to run the incorrect firmware for the current operating system You can fix this by disconnecting and reconnecting the USB 232 or USB 485 from the USB port or hub and disconnecting power on the USB 485 4 to force th...

Page 188: ...ice responds to the ping requests repeat this procedure but this time using the hostname ping hostname If your device fails to respond when using the hostname the DNS entry for the device is incorrect If the network parameters were statically manually assigned the hostname must be manually entered in your network s Domain Name Server DNS table before you can use the hostname to communicate with yo...

Page 189: ...nslookup hostname If you still cannot communicate with your device contact National Instruments ...

Page 190: ...y settings of the device are set properly To do this run the NI Ethernet Device Configuration utility on a computer on the same subnet as the device Confirm that the gateway settings of the host machine are set properly To view your network settings find the directory where ipconfig is installed and run it If you need more information you can run ipconfig with the all option by typing ipconfig all...

Page 191: ...ts to retrieve network parameters from a DHCP server During this time BUSY appears in the utility display If this status does not change there are several reasons why DHCP may fail to respond One of the most likely reasons is that your subnet has no more available addresses to assign using DHCP Consult your network administrator to determine the specific reason for the problem ...

Page 192: ... utility and the serial device server is not guaranteed Though unlikely it is possible that the communication gets lost in the network Click Refresh more than once before concluding that the device is not discovered Verify that the serial device server shares the same subnet as the computer running the NI Ethernet Device Configuration utility The NI Ethernet Device Configuration utility cannot com...

Page 193: ...is dependent on network conditions for timely communications An unpredictable delay is associated with using the remote serial ports Applications may require longer serial timeouts to compensate for this delay However different applications handle serial timeouts differently and each must be adjusted individually to account for your network conditions ...

Page 194: ...Bus utilization is the percentage of time that the serial bus is actively transmitting data Because a wide range of factors such as flow control processor latency and device architecture can affect serial performance bus utilization often is not 100 percent In addition there is overhead associated with serial communication in the form of start bits stop bits and parity bits This overhead reduces t...

Page 195: ...t Because serial communication ports are active only when the port is open for example by using CreateFile data may be received and made available only when the port is open Assume that any data received by a closed com port may be lost or corrupted ...

Page 196: ...data transfer using a single write followed by a single read and thus rely on driver software and serial hardware buffering to hold the data between the two function calls However these buffers are of finite size and thus any data transfer that exceeds the buffer size either times out blocks due to flow control or drops data This behavior is a result of the test design and does not represent a har...

Page 197: ...h as SDLC and ModBus Because the serial hardware uses UARTs for communication protocols such as SDLC and ModBus are not supported in hardware However these protocols or their derivatives can be supported by software applications that handle the protocol translation ...

Page 198: ...use the parity function to create a ninth data bit depending on your application To create and control a ninth data bit enable parity and set parity mark or parity space for a ninth bit of either a 1 or 0 respectively However you must do this every time the ninth bit changes state and thus it may not work for high throughput applications ...

Page 199: ...e NI Serial Hardware Operating System Support Bus Windows Vista 32 Windows Vista 64 Windows 2000 XP Server 2003 Windows XP x64 Server 2003 x64 Linux x86 Solaris 2 x LabVIEW PCI 843x X X X X PCI 232 485 X X X X X PXI 843x X X X X PXI 842x X X X X USB X X ENET X X X X X X ExpressCard X X PCMCIA X X X X X NI VISA Support Native OS Support ...

Page 200: ...e and plug in serial hardware in the same computer at the same time As long as your operating system supports all your NI serial hardware you can mix different types of serial interfaces in your computer All NI serial hardware and software is designed and tested for interoperability ...

Page 201: ...Glossary Prefixes Symbols A B C D E F G H I K L M P R S T U V ...

Page 202: ...Prefixes Symbol Prefix Value p pico 10 12 n nano 10 9 µ micro 10 6 m milli 10 3 k kilo 10 3 M mega 10 6 G giga 10 9 T tera 10 12 ...

Page 203: ...Symbols degrees ohms percent ...

Page 204: ...A A amperes ANSI American National Standards Institute ...

Page 205: ...B b bits B bytes baud bits per second bps bits per second ...

Page 206: ...C C Celsius COM Computer Output Microform used in reference to a communication port CTS clear to send ...

Page 207: ...ata communications equipment or data circuit terminating equipment DLL dynamic link library DMA direct memory access DSR data set ready DTE data terminal equipment DTR data terminal ready the overscore denotes that the signal is active low duplex the means of bandwidth usage in a serial system ...

Page 208: ...E EIA Electronic Industries Association EMI electromagnetic interference ENET Ethernet ...

Page 209: ...F FCC Federal Communications Commission FIFO First In First Out ft feet ...

Page 210: ...G G ground ...

Page 211: ...H HSI handshake input HSO handshake output Hz Hertz ...

Page 212: ...I I O input output IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in inches IRQ interrupt request ISA Industry Standard Architecture ...

Page 213: ...K Kbaud kilobits per second ...

Page 214: ...L LED light emitting diode ...

Page 215: ...M m meters MB megabyte ...

Page 216: ...P PC personal computer PCI Peripheral Components Interconnect ...

Page 217: ...R RAM random access memory RI ring indicator RTS request to send RX receive RXD receive data the overscore denotes that the signal is active low ...

Page 218: ...S s seconds SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface ...

Page 219: ...T TX transmit TXD transmit data the overscore denotes that the signal is active low TXRDY transmit ready the overscore denotes that the signal is active low ...

Page 220: ...U UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter ...

Page 221: ...V V volts VDC volts direct current VXI VME eXtensions for Instrumentation ...

Page 222: ...Important Information Warranty Copyright Trademarks Patents Warning Regarding Use of NI Products Compliance ...

Page 223: ...actory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty National Instruments believes that the information in this document is accurate The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy In the event that technical or ty...

Page 224: ...r after the cause of action accrues National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control The warranty provided herein does not cover damages defects malfunctions or service failures caused by owner s failure to follow the National Instruments installation operation or maintenance instructions owner s modification of the product owner s a...

Page 225: ...nsent of National Instruments Corporation National Instruments respects the intellectual property of others and we ask our users to do the same NI software is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws Where NI software may be used to reproduce software or other materials belonging to others you may use NI software only to reproduce materials that you may reproduce in accordance w...

Page 226: ...imulink Stateflow and xPC TargetBox are registered trademarks and TargetBox and Target Language Compiler are trademarks of The MathWorks Inc Tektronix and Tek are registered trademarks of Tektronix Inc Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Program are business entities indepe...

Page 227: ...Patents For patents covering National Instruments products refer to the appropriate location Help Patents in your software the patents txt file on your CD or ni com patents ...

Page 228: ...OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OR CONTROL DEVICES TRANSIENT FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS HARDWARE AND OR SOFTWARE UNANTICIPATED USES OR MISUSES OR ERRORS ON THE PART OF THE USER OR APPLICATIONS DESIGNER ADVERSE FACTORS SUCH AS THESE ARE HEREAFTER COLLECTIVELY TERMED SYSTEM FAILURES ANY APPLICATION WHERE A SYSTEM FAILURE WOULD CREATE A RISK OF HARM TO PROPERTY OR PERSONS INCLUDING THE RISK OF BODILY IN...

Page 229: ...YING AND VALIDATING THE SUITABILITY OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS WHENEVER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION ...

Page 230: ...roducts Depending on where it is operated this Class A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules In Canada the Department of Communications DOC of Industry Canada regulates wireless interference in much the same way Digital electronics emit weak signals during normal operation that can affect radio television or other wireless products All Class A products display a simple warning ...

Page 231: ... the CE marking Declaration of Conformity may cause interference to radio and television reception Classification requirements are the same for the Federal Communications Commission FCC and the Canadian Department of Communications DOC Changes or modifications not expressly approved by NI could void the user s authority to operate the equipment under the FCC Rules ...

Page 232: ...ency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user is required to correct the interference at their own expense Canadian Department of Communications This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirem...

Page 233: ...ion of Conformity DoC for this product for any additional regulatory compliance information To obtain the DoC for this product visit ni com hardref nsf search by model number or product line and click the appropriate link in the Certification column The CE marking Declaration of Conformity contains important supplementary information and instructions for the user or installer ...

Page 234: ... about other technical support options in your area visit ni com services or contact your local office at ni com contact Training and Certification Visit ni com training for self paced training eLearning virtual classrooms interactive CDs and Certification program information You also can register for instructor led hands on courses at locations around the world System Integration If you have time...

Page 235: ...s you need contact your local office or NI corporate headquarters You also can visit the Worldwide Offices section of ni com niglobal to access the branch office Web sites which provide up to date contact information support phone numbers email addresses and current events ...

Page 236: ...d 385 0 9 725 72511 France 33 0 1 57 66 24 24 Germany 49 89 7413130 India 91 80 41190000 Israel 972 0 3 6393737 Italy 39 02 413091 Japan 81 3 5472 2970 Korea 82 02 3451 3400 Lebanon 961 0 1 33 28 28 Malaysia 1800 887710 Mexico 01 800 010 0793 Netherlands 31 0 348 433 466 New Zealand 0800 553 322 Norway 47 0 66 90 76 60 Poland 48 22 3390150 Portugal 351 210 311 210 Russia 7 495 783 6851 Singapore 1...

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