STARTING AND DRIVING
FUEL ECONOMY DRIVING
General
The absolute fuel consumption (counted
in liters per 100 kilometers or miles per
US gallon) is determined by a large
number of circumstances which can be
related to one of the following main
areas:
• Build specification and equipment
• Service and maintenance
• External environment
• Driving habits
Due to these factors, fuel consumption
can vary considerably within what is
called "normal fuel consumption." Fuel
consumption can vary from over 24
L/100 Km (10 mpg) when driving empty
on a nice and dry summer road to 67
L/100 Km (3.5 mpg) while driving with
maximum permitted GVW, with vehicle
and trailer, on a hilly and slushy winter
road.
Build Specification and
Equipment
Whenever a vehicle is used for
transportation, its build specification,
equipment and gross vehicle weight
have a decisive effect on both fuel
consumption and performance. The
factors which have the greatest
influence on fuel consumption are
primarily: driveline combination, height
of trailer or superstructure, use of air
fairings, tire type, number of wheels,
gross vehicle weight, and accessories.
Driveline Combination
Engine, transmission and final drive
must be selected in such a way that the
engine can operate within the economic
speed range at normal driving speed.
This range is defined as where the
engine makes the best use of the energy
content of the diesel fuel. A poorly
selected rear axle ratio, which results in
the engine speed being constantly
above the optimum speed, will increase
fuel consumption.
Tires
Heavy duty tires increase rolling
resistance considerably. For long haul,
choose a smoother, ribbed type tire.
Choose a lugged type tire only when the
added traction in mud and snow is
needed.
The number of wheels (axles) has a
direct effect on the rolling resistance
and, thereby, the fuel consumption. For
low volume and/or low weight
transports, use of a 4 x 2 instead of a 6
x 4 should be considered.
If the tire pressure is too low, the rolling
resistance increases and, thereby,
increases the fuel consumption. The
overall economy is also affected as tire
wear increases considerably.
Gross Vehicle Weight
The gross vehicle weight of a vehicle
combination has a large impact on the
rolling resistance.
Accessories
As a rule, accessories such as roof rack,
advertising signs, bug screens, exposed
air horns, etc., have a negative effect on
fuel consumption.
Service and Maintenance
A modern heavy-duty vehicle requires
regular and preventive maintenance to
ensure that all its components function
as they should. Use the recommended
preventive maintenance (PM) program
that has been developed for the
vehicles. This ensures optimal energy
efficiency from all components that are
important to fuel consumption.
152
X Publication_PC28
Summary of Contents for M359
Page 3: ...FAX 61 7 3718 3391...
Page 9: ......
Page 10: ......
Page 11: ...INTRODUCTION...
Page 24: ...INTRODUCTION GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION 1 Airbrake System Label 14 X Publication_PC28...
Page 51: ...41 X Publication_PC28...
Page 52: ......
Page 53: ...DRIVING TIPS...
Page 70: ...DRIVING TIPS DRIVING IN A DUSTY AND SMOKY ENVIRONMENT Use recirculation 60 X Publication_PC28...
Page 72: ...DRIVING TIPS PARKING Use the Parking Brake Avoid use of Idling Speed 62 X Publication_PC28...
Page 78: ......
Page 79: ...SAFETY...
Page 86: ......
Page 87: ...LOCKS AND ALARM...
Page 90: ......
Page 91: ...DRIVING ENVIRONMENT...
Page 145: ...135 X Publication_PC28...
Page 146: ......
Page 147: ...STARTING AND DRIVING...
Page 195: ...185 X Publication_PC28...
Page 196: ......
Page 197: ...INFOTAINMENT...
Page 205: ...195 X Publication_PC28...
Page 206: ......
Page 207: ...EMISSION SOLUTION AND CONTROL...
Page 227: ...217 X Publication_PC28...
Page 228: ......
Page 229: ...MAINTENANCE LUBRICATION AND SERVICE...
Page 273: ...MAINTENANCE LUBRICATION AND SERVICE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Fuse Panel Layout 263 X Publication_PC28...
Page 305: ...MAINTENANCE LUBRICATION AND SERVICE LUBRICATION 295 X Publication_PC28...
Page 317: ...307 X Publication_PC28...
Page 318: ......
Page 319: ...EMERGENCY ACTION...
Page 332: ...CID0123456 CID0123456...