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304
80-160
Troubleshooting
Hydraulics - General
Before any troubleshooting is attempted, become fully acquainted with the following two (2) basic
fundamental facts of a hydraulic system:
1.
SPEED
The speed of a hydraulic function is directly related to the system flow. A reduction in
speed of a cylinder or motor is caused by an insufficient quantity of oil being delivered to the
component.
2.
POWER
The power or force of a hydraulic function is related to pressure.
If an understanding of the differences between speed and power of a hydraulic system is understood
correctly, then accurate troubleshooting can be accomplished in a minimum amount of time.
NEVER resort to increasing the valve relief pressure in an attempt to cure the ills of
the system. Fully diagnose the problem.
Hydraulic components are precision units and their continued smooth operation depends on proper
care. Therefore, do not neglect hydraulic systems. Keep them clean and change the oil and oil filter at
established intervals.
If, in spite of these precautions, improper operation does occur, the cause can generally be traced to
one of the following:
1. Use of the wrong viscosity or type of oil.
2. Insufficient fluid in the system.
3. Presence of air in the system.
4. Mechanical damage or structural failure.
5. Internal or external leakage.
6. Dirt, decomposed packing, water, sludge, rust, etc., in the system.
7. Improper adjustments.
8. Oil cooler plugged, dirty or leaking.
Whenever hydraulic, fuel, lubricating oil lines, or air lines are to be disconnected, clean the adjacent area
as well as the point of disconnect. As soon disconnected, cap, plug or tape each line or opening to
prevent the entry of foreign material. The same recommendations for cleaning and covering apply when
access covers or inspection plates are removed.
Clean and inspect all parts. Be sure all passages and holes are open. Cover all parts to keep them clean.
Be sure parts are clean when they are installed. Leave new parts in their containers until ready for
assembly.
Clean the preservative compound from all machined surfaces of new parts before installing them.