Komatsu D31EX-21 Operation & Maintenance Manual Download Page 53

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OPERATION

WARNING

Please read and make sure that you understand the safety
volume before reading this section.

Summary of Contents for D31EX-21

Page 1: ...and up BULLDOZER Unsafe use of this machine may cause serious injury or death Operators and maintenance personnel must read this manual before operating or maintaining this machine This manual should...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...FOREWORD 11...

Page 4: ...ssages and safety labels given in this manual carefully so that they should be under stood fully Keep this manual at the storage location for the Operation and Maintenance Manual given below so that a...

Page 5: ...f you accidentally touch the control levers when they are not locked this may cause a serious injury or death Other signal words In addition to the above the following signal words are used to indicat...

Page 6: ...side a triangle and the method of avoiding the hazardous condition is shown inside a circle Komatsu cannot predict every circumstance that might involve a potential hazard in operation and maintenance...

Page 7: ...purpose levels of vibration for the earthworking machine transmitted from the operator s seat are lower or equal to the test vibrations for the relative machinery class in compliance with ISO 7096 Th...

Page 8: ...itching See the section WORK POSSIBLE USING BULLDOZER 3 95 for further details FRONT REAR LEFT RIGHT DIRECTIONS OF MACHINE 1 In this manual the terms front rear left and right refer to the travel dire...

Page 9: ...tributor of the following items PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER PIN MACHINE SERIAL NO PLATE 1 This is at the front bottom right of the operator s seat The design of the nameplate differs according to th...

Page 10: ...ded at the lower part of the monitor panel TABLE OF ENTER SERIAL NO AND DISTRIBUTORN 1 Machine serial No Engine serial No Product Identification Number Manufacturers name Address KOMATSU LTD 3 6 Akasa...

Page 11: ...FOREWORD NECESSARY INFORMATION 1 9 MACHINE SERIAL PLATE kg kW Model Seriel Number Manufacturing year Weight Engine power Product Identification Number Manufacturer...

Page 12: ...MACHINE SERIAL NO PLATE 1 7 ENGINE SERIAL NO PLATE 1 7 POSITION OF SERVICE METER 1 8 TABLE OF ENTER SERIAL NO AND DISTRIBUTORN 1 8 MACHINE SERIAL PLATE 1 9 SAFETY SAFETY 2 2 SAFETY LABELS 2 4 POSITIO...

Page 13: ...OD OF OPENING AND CLOSING COVER WITH LOCK 3 45 DOOR POCKET 3 45 ASHTRAY 3 46 LUNCHBOX HOLDER BELT 3 46 CUP HOLDER 3 46 TOOL BOX 3 47 GREASE PUMP HOLDER 3 47 CAR STEREO HANDLING 3 48 EXPLANATION OF COM...

Page 14: ...AUGES 3 93 PERMISSIBLE WATER DEPTH 3 93 METHOD OF USING BRAKES 3 93 PRECAUTIONS WHEN TRAVELING UP OR DOWN HILLS 3 93 PRECAUTIONS ON SLOPES 3 94 IT IS PROHIBITED TO KEEP THE DOOR OPEN DURING OPERATIONS...

Page 15: ...TERM STORAGE 3 112 BEFORE STORAGE 3 112 DURING STORAGE 3 112 AFTER STORAGE 3 112 TROUBLESHOOTING 3 113 AFTER RUNNING OUT OF FUEL 3 113 MACHINE TOWING METHOD 3 113 WHEN IT IS POSSIBLE TO START ENGINE...

Page 16: ...ETY CRITICAL PARTS 4 16 SAFETY CRITICAL PARTS 4 16 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE CHART 4 17 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE CHART 4 17 WHEN REQUIRED 4 17 CHECK BEFORE STARTING 4 17 EVERY 50 HOURS SERVICE 4 17 EVERY 250 H...

Page 17: ...Y 500 HOURS SERVICE 4 45 REPLACE FUEL FILTER CARTRIDGE 4 45 CHANGE OIL IN ENGINE OIL PAN REPLACE ENGINE OIL FILTER CARTRIDGE 4 48 REPLACE CORROSION RESISTOR CARTRIDGE 4 49 CLEAN CHECK RADIATOR FINS AN...

Page 18: ...6 3 EXPLANATION OF COMPONENTS 6 4 OPERATION 6 5 CHECK BEFORE STARTING ENGINE ADJUST 6 5 PRECAUTIONS WHEN OPERATING 6 5 ADUSTING POSTURE OF WORK EQUIPMENT 6 5 TROUBLESHOOTING 6 6 OTHER TROUBLE 6 6 MAIN...

Page 19: ...Please be sure that you fully understand this manual and the precautions discribed in this manual and the safety labels on the machine When operating or servicing the machine always follow these prec...

Page 20: ...ttachments 2 152 Unauthorized medification 2 152 Safety at worksite 2 162 Working on loose ground 2 162 Do not go close to high voltage cables 2 162 Ensure good visibility 2 172 Ventilation for enclos...

Page 21: ...horized personnel into area 2 302 Attachments 2 302 Work under the machine 2 312 Noise 2 312 Precautions when using hammer 2 312 Repair welding 2 312 Removing battery terminal 2 312 Precautions when U...

Page 22: ...ce and always keep them clean When cleaning them do not use organic solvents or gasoline These may cause the labels to peel off q There are also other labels in addition to the warning signes and safe...

Page 23: ...following before moving machine or its attachments q Honk horn to alert people nearby q Be sure no one is on or near the machine q Use spotter if view is obstructed Follow above even if the machine is...

Page 24: ...umulator 09659 A057B If equipped q There is the hazard of explotion causing injury q Do not disassemble the accumulator make holes in it cut it hit it roll it or bring it near flame 6 Caution for adju...

Page 25: ...ion and training KEEP VENT CAPS TIGHT AND LEVEL POISON causes severe burns contains sulfuric acid in event of accident flush with water and call a physician immediately KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 9...

Page 26: ...plied with the standard Consult Komatsu distributor before altering q ROPS or FOBS may provide less protection if it has been structurally damaged or involved roll over Con sult Komatsu distributor in...

Page 27: ...ETY LABELS 2 9 13 Caution with high temperature parts 09817 A0753 q Sign indicates a burn hazard from touching heated parts such as engine motor or muffler during or right after oper ation q Never toc...

Page 28: ...hine until the abnormality has been cor rected CLOTHING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE ITEMS q Do not wear loose clothing and accessories There is a hazard that they may catch on control levers or other prot...

Page 29: ...nd this may cause a serious accident q Do not leave parts or tools lying around the operator s compartment q Do not stick suction pads to the window glass Suction pads act as a lens and may cause fire...

Page 30: ...de or at the rear A handrail marked by arrow A in the diagram is provided to support yourself when refilling fuel in the fuel tank Do not use it for getting on and off the machine D31EX 37EX q Climb u...

Page 31: ...nd try to stop it NO PEOPLE ON ATTACHMENTS Never let anyone ride on the work equipment or other attachments There is a hazard of falling and suffering seri ous injury CRUSHING OR CUTTING PREVENTION Th...

Page 32: ...catch fire so do not use them q Put greasy rags and other flammable materials into a safe container to maintain safety at the work place q Do not weld or use a cutting torch to cut any pipes or tubes...

Page 33: ...odified its strength may be reduced When modifying consult your Komatsu distributor q If ROPS is damaged or deformed by falling objects or by rolling over its strength will be reduced and it will not...

Page 34: ...y rain or blasting or after earthquakes is weak in these areas q When working on embankments or near excavated ditches there is a hazard that the weight and vibration of the machine will cause the soi...

Page 35: ...a if necessary q Stop operations if the visibility is poor such as in mist snow rain or dust VENTILATION FOR ENCLOSED AREAS Exhaust fumes from the engine can kill q If it is necessary to start the eng...

Page 36: ...dust when cleaning Do not use compressed air for cleaning q If there is danger that there may be asbestos dust in the air always operate the machine from an upwind position All workers should use an...

Page 37: ...electric wiring q Adjust the operator s seat to a position where it is easy to carry out operations and check that there is no dam age or wear to the seat belt or mounting clamps q Check that the gaug...

Page 38: ...e will be slow and this may lead to unexpected accidents q If the battery electrolyte is frozen do not charge the battery or start the engine with a different power source There is a hazard that this...

Page 39: ...Always operate the machine only when seated q Do not allow anyone apart from the operator to ride on the machine q Check that the back up alarm alarm buzzer when machine travels in reverse works prop...

Page 40: ...the load is suddenly reduced and there is danger that the travel speed rises suddenly To prevent this lower the travel speed q If the machine moves with only either side of the blade loaded its tail...

Page 41: ...use the brakes to stop the machine suddenly Reduce the speed and use the engine as a brake together with operating the brake pedal If necessary lower the blade to the ground to stop the machine PARKIN...

Page 42: ...mps correct the direction then enter the ramps again q The center of gravity of the machine will chenge suddenly at the joint between the ramps and the track or trailer and there is danger of the mach...

Page 43: ...rea with large amount of water q If acid gets into your eyes flush them immediately with large amount of water and seek medical attention q Before working with batteries turn the starting switch to th...

Page 44: ...chine There is a hazard that the machine will move when the power is connected q Be sure to connect the positive cable first when install ing the booster cables Disconnect the negative cable ground si...

Page 45: ...n never stand between the tow ing machine and the machine being towed q Never tow a machine on a slope q Never pull the towing equipment up or insert a pedestal q Never use a wire rope which has cut s...

Page 46: ...round in the work place Wipe up all grease oil or other substances that will cause you to slip Always keep the work place clean the tidy to enable you to carry out operations safely If the work place...

Page 47: ...sit in the operator s seat and be ready to stop the engine at any time All workers must maintain contact with the other workers q Set safety lock lever 1 and parking lever 2 to the LOCK position q Whe...

Page 48: ...near flame or dispose of it in fire q Do not make holes in it weld it or use a cutting torch q Do not hit or roll the accumulator or subject it to any impact q When disposing of the accumulator the g...

Page 49: ...r plugs while working PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING HAMMER When using a hammer pins may fly out or metal particles may be scattered This may lead to serious injury Always do as follows q If hard metal parts...

Page 50: ...ask your Komatsu distributor to do the work PRECAUTION WITH HIGH PRESSURE OIL The hydraulic system is always under internal pressure When inspecting or replacing piping or hoses always check that the...

Page 51: ...ause blindness if it touches your skin it may cause frost bite Never touch refrigerant COMPRESSED AIR q When carrying out cleaning with compressed air there is a hazard of serious injury caused by fly...

Page 52: ...PRECAUTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE SAFETY 2 34...

Page 53: ...OPERATION 13 WARNING Please read and make sure that you understand the safety volume before reading this section...

Page 54: ...2 GENERAL VIEW 3 GENERAL VIEW OF MACHINE 3 Machine equipped with canopy Machine equipped with cab 1 Blade 7 Track frame 2 Angle cylinder 8 Lift cylinder 3 Radiator mask 9 Idler 4 Canopy 10 Frame 5 Tra...

Page 55: ...Brake pedal 4 Buzzer cancel switch 14 Safety lock lever 5 Lamp switch 15 Parking lever 6 Monitor panel 16 Wiper switch machine equipped with cab 7 Reverse travel speed setting switch 17 Room lamp swit...

Page 56: ...coolant temperature gauge 11 Engine coolant temperature caution lamp 4 Reverse travel speed indicator 12 Maintenance caution lamp 5 Fuel level gauge 13 Engine preheating pilot lamp 6 Charge filter cl...

Page 57: ...ion of the devices needed for operating the machine To perform suitable operations correctly and safely it is important to completely understand the methods of operat ing equipment and meanings of the...

Page 58: ...the ON position 2 Check that the monitor liquid crystal display and the lamps all light up for 2 seconds that the alarm buzzer sounds for 2 seconds and that KOMATSU SYSTEM CHECK is dis played for 3 se...

Page 59: ...amp A flash and the alarm buzzer sounds intermittently Take the nec essary action immediately ENGINE OIL PRESSURE CAUTION LAMP This lamp 1 indicates a low engine oil pressure If the monitor lamp flash...

Page 60: ...oil temperature has gone up If it flashes run the engine at low idling until the HST oil tem perature gauge indicates the green range CHARGE FILTER CLOGGING CAUTION LAMP This lamp 4 warns the operator...

Page 61: ...the abnormal location on the caution lamp will flash BATTERY CHARGE CIRCUIT CAUTION LAMP This lamp 1 indicates an abnormality in the charging system while the engine is running If the monitor lamp fla...

Page 62: ...osition if the filter or oil replacement interval has been reached After replacing the indicated filter or oil displayed on display panel B multi information reset the interval For details see METHOD...

Page 63: ...n until the coolant temperature enters green range B If red range C lights up during operation and the engine cool ant temperature caution lamp flashes and the alarm buzzer sounds stop the machine run...

Page 64: ...engine at low idle and wait for the oil temperature to go down to green range B A White range B Green range C Red range FUEL LEVEL GAUGE Gauge 3 fuel level in the fuel tank During normal operation the...

Page 65: ...pushing up work make the reverse travel speed slower q There are five settings A E for the reverse travel speed The closer the setting is to A the slower the reverse travel speed is in comparison wit...

Page 66: ...h 0 9 km h B 0 8 km h 0 3 4 km h 0 5 6 km h 0 8 5 km h 0 C 0 8 km h 0 4 1 km h 0 7 km h 6 5 km h 0 9 km h 8 5 km h 0 D 0 8 km h 0 4 8 km h 1 4 km h 7 4 km h 1 8 km h 8 5 km h 0 E 0 8 km h 0 5 5 km h 2...

Page 67: ...ED SHIFT MODE INDICATOR This meter 6 indicates speed range travel speed and shift mode Use the shift mode switch 9 to select the shift mode Position A Quick shift mode Pilot lamp C on display panel A...

Page 68: ...switches 1st 2nd or 2nd 3rd q Each time the DOWN switch on the steering directional and gearshift lever is pressed the speed switches 3rd 2nd or 2nd 1st q Direction of travel E and speed range F are...

Page 69: ...he UP switch on the steering directional and gearshift lever is kept pressed the segments on the bar graph around the outside circumference light up in turn When the switch is released the speed range...

Page 70: ...ange Set travel Speed Gauge No Speed range Set travel Speed Gauge No Speed range Set travel Speed km h km h km h 1 2 0 2 0 8 15 16 1 1 3 8 27 28 2 2 6 0 3 4 0 3 1 0 17 18 1 3 4 1 29 30 2 3 6 4 5 6 0 5...

Page 71: ...de is displayed If an action code appears take the applicable action For details see OTHER TROUBLE 3 125 This displays various types of filter or oil replacement intervals have been reached Bottom lin...

Page 72: ...em flashes or when the part of an action code is displayed the alarm buzzer sounds continuously at the same time FILTER OIL REPLACEMENT INTERVAL LAMP Yellow If it is time to replace a filter or change...

Page 73: ...and filter maintenance mode is dis played EXPLANATION OF MODES AND OPERATION The maintenance mode has the following 4 sub modes Use information switch 1 and buzzer cancel switch 2 to operate each mod...

Page 74: ...MODE Operating mode Hold for 2 5 sec Detailed item display Detailed item display Detailed item display Detailed item display Oil filter maintenance mode PM clinic auxiliary mode Fault code display mod...

Page 75: ...ht q The timing of the 1st interval cannot be changed If some special condition makes it desirable to change the 1st interval use the maintenance mode in the operator mode to change the replacement in...

Page 76: ...the information switch to select YES then operate the buzzer cancel switch to The replacement quantity will increase by 1 the replacement interval will be reset and the oil filter change interval lamp...

Page 77: ...operating the information switch REMARK Items such as the engine speed fluctuate and are difficult to see during the measurement In such cases operate the buzzer cancel switch to This makes it possib...

Page 78: ...ected the location and fault code are displayed by a 6 digit code on display panel B multi information When contacting your Komatsu distributor inform your distributor of the code at the same time If...

Page 79: ...forma tion switch The higher the number the brighter the screen becomes the lower the number the darker the screen becomes position Number increases position Number decreases 4 The brightness of the b...

Page 80: ...he number the darker the screen becomes position Number increases position Number decreases 8 When the buzzer cancel switch is operated to the brightness of the display panel B multi information back...

Page 81: ...itch to to switch to the screen to adjust the contrast 11 The contrast can be adjusted by operating the information switch The higher the number the deeper the screen becomes the lower the number the...

Page 82: ...t l ON position Lights on 1 Lamp switch 7 Horn switch 2 Buzzer cancel switch 8 Room lamp switch machine equipped with cab 3 Information switch 9 Wiper switch machine equipped with cab 4 Reverse travel...

Page 83: ...ition Confirms selection or selected item For details see METHOD OF USING MAINTENANCE MODE 3 21 INFORMATION SWITCH This switch 3 is used to operate display panel B multi information When the switch is...

Page 84: ...Keep the starting switch key at the ON position while the engine is running START position This is the position to start the engine Hold the key at this position while cranking Release the key immedia...

Page 85: ...ight up WIPER SWITCH Machines equipped with cab This 9 activates the wipers The wiper switches are as follows A Front window B Rear window This is also used as the window washer switch The switch is o...

Page 86: ...the wiper blade is operated if the blade is held and can not move for some reason the breaker is actuated Remove the cause of the problem then press the reset button CIGARETTE LIGHTER Machines equipp...

Page 87: ...the engine speed and output a Low idling position Push the lever forward fully b High idling position Pull the lever fully REMARK If high speed travel is not needed and the work consists of comparativ...

Page 88: ...ase the lever it will return to the center position and the machine will travel in a straight line When you are steering support your hand with the lever guide to make it easier to carry out the turni...

Page 89: ...o not place your foot on this pedal unnecessarily q When passing over the top of a hill or when a load is dumped over a cliff the load is suddenly reduced so there is danger that the travel speed will...

Page 90: ...LOAT position this lever will not return to HOLD position so it must be moved back by hand Before starting the engine check that the blade control lever is at the HOLD position In cold weather it will...

Page 91: ...position and the control levers are touched by mistake it may lead to serious personal injury q If the safety lock lever is not set securely to the LOCK position the work equipment may move and cause...

Page 92: ...d even when the machine is traveling The machine will suddenly stop so this is dangerous For this reason do not operate the parking lever when the machine is moving except in emergencies This lever 7...

Page 93: ...loose in the fuse holder replace the fuse Replace the fuse with another of the same capacity q Chassis Fuse boxes 1 and 2 are installed inside the engine side cover on the left side q Cab machines eq...

Page 94: ...the socket as a power supply Capacity of cigarette lighter 120W 24V x 5A Machine not equipment with cab 1 Open the engine side cover on the right side of the machine 2 There is a connector for the po...

Page 95: ...e machine This will release the catch NOTICE q When keeping the door open fix it securely to the catch q Always close the door when traveling or carrying out operations Leaving the door open will caus...

Page 96: ...it is inserted all the way it may break METHOD OF OPENING AND CLOSING CAP WITH LOCK 3 TO OPEN THE CAP 1 Insert the key into the key slot 2 Turn the key in the OPEN direction align the key slot with t...

Page 97: ...key out DOOR POCKET 3 There is a pocket on the back of the operator s seat Keep the Operation Maintenance manual in this pocket so that the operator can read it whenever necessary Machines equipped wi...

Page 98: ...id LUNCHBOX HOLDER BELT 3 If equipped This is the place to put your lunchbox Hold it in position with the belt It can also be used for things other than lunchboxes CUP HOLDER 3 If equipped This is the...

Page 99: ...ion cover at the rear right Keep the tools in this box GREASE PUMP HOLDER 3 Set the grease pump in the grease pump holder clamp at the rear inside the battery box at the rear right then secure it in p...

Page 100: ...ch volume 8 Cassette door 2 Auto store preset scan button 9 Fast forward rewind buttons 3 Bass control knob 10 Preset buttons 4 Treble control knob 11 Metal tape button 5 Loudness button 12 Manual tun...

Page 101: ...uency is memorized in the auto store REMARK The auto store function cannot be used when the channel dis play is flashing When the display is flashing the preset scan function is being used q Preset sc...

Page 102: ...e easily by emphasizing the low tone when the low tones are weak Push button Actuated ON Push button again Canceled OFF TIME RADIO DISPLAY SELECTOR BUTTON This button 6 is used to switch between the R...

Page 103: ...f you press the button pointing in the same direction as the lighted arrow indicating the direction of play the tape will be fast forwarded if you press the button pointing in the opposite direction t...

Page 104: ...NTS OPERATION 3 52 METAL TAPE BUTTON used also for preset button No 5 This button 11 is used when playing a metal or chrome tape This button is used also for preset button No 5 When it is pressed MTL...

Page 105: ...memory METHOD OF MANUAL PRESET 1 Use band selector button 1 to select MW AM FM1 or FM2 2 Press manual tuning buttons 2 or seek tuning buttons 3 3 Press preset button 4 of the number to be preset for 2...

Page 106: ...desired 6 When turning the radio OFF turn power switch 1 to the left until it clicks REMARK To switch to the radio when listening to a cassette press the cassette eject button to stop the tape If you...

Page 107: ...fety during operations keep the volume at a level where it is possible to hear other machines q If water gets inside the speaker case or radio auto tuning it may cause a serious problem take care not...

Page 108: ...sending wind AIR CONDITIONER SWITCH This switch 2 is an ON OFF switch for the air conditioner Every time this switch is depressed ON and OFF are alter nated When the switch is ON indicator A above li...

Page 109: ...urized pre venting dust from entering the cab When pressing this switch indicator C above lights up TEMPERATURE CONTROL SWITCH This switch 4 serves to set the temperature in the cab when cooling or wa...

Page 110: ...cooler is on set the temperature so that it feels slightly cool when entering the cab 5 to 6 C lower than the outside temperature This temperature difference is considered to be the most suitable for...

Page 111: ...AUTIONS WHEN REPLACING RECEIVER q If the receiver is left for more than 15 minutes with the blind cover removed the moisture in the air will be absorbed and this will reduce the life of the desiccant...

Page 112: ...t your Komatsu distributor to have this work carried out The accumulator is a device to store the pressure in the control circuit and when it is installed the control circuit can be oper ated for a sh...

Page 113: ...out the following inspections and cleaning every day before starting the engine for the day s work 1 Check for damage wear play in work equipment cylinders linkage and hoses Check that there are no cr...

Page 114: ...for damage to gauges lamps on instrument panel loose bolts Check that there is no damage to the panel gauges and lamps If any abnormality is found replace the parts Clean off any dirt on the surface...

Page 115: ...s a hazard of burns Wait for the temperature to go down then turn the cap slowly to release the pres sure before removing it 1 Open the engine side cover on the left side of the chassis and check that...

Page 116: ...1 to the ON position 2 Check that all the monitors and gauges light up for approx 2 seconds and the alarm buzzer sounds for approx 2 sec REMARK If the lamps do not light up there may be a failure or...

Page 117: ...monitor panel for fuel level After checking turn the switch back to the OFF position 2 After completing work fill the fuel tank through oil filler port F Fuel tank specified capacity 165 liters 3 Aft...

Page 118: ...ipe then remove it and check the oil level 4 The oil level should be between the H and L marks on dip stick G If the oil level is below the L mark add oil through oil filler F 5 If the oil level is ab...

Page 119: ...45 If element 5 inside the water separator is clogged with dirt remove the dirt as follows 4 Set handle 6 at the side of the water separator to the CLOSE position 5 Using the filter wrench loosen rin...

Page 120: ...IL WARNING q When removing the oil filler cap oil may spurt out so stop the engine and wait for the oil temperature to go down then turn the cap slowly to release the internal pressure before removing...

Page 121: ...als and tighten any loose parts Particularly check the wiring of the battery starting motor and alternator carefully When carrying out checks around the battery always check if there is any accumulati...

Page 122: ...for possible repairs 1 Turn the starting switch to the ON position 2 Push the horn switch and check that the horn sounds CHECK OF OPERATION OF BACKUP ALARM Check that the backup alarm sounds normally...

Page 123: ...eering directional and gear shift lever in the REVERSE position The alarm must sound immediately at this time The alarm keeps sounding until the steering directional and gear shift lever is set to the...

Page 124: ...eat Turn knob 2 under the seat to match the weight adjustment scale with your own weight The weight can be adjusted to 50 to 120 kg REMARK If you want to make the seat softer turn the weight adjustmen...

Page 125: ...th sides of the operator s seat to a suitable height 3 Tighten bolts 1 securely FASTENING AND REMOVING SEAT BELT Always install a seat belt on machines equipped with ROPS WARNING q Before fitting the...

Page 126: ...s locked under this condition and cannot be extended anymore Fit the belt to your abdomen without twisting it REMARK If the belt is locked before the tongue is inserted in the buckle let it return to...

Page 127: ...the engine is started the work equipment may move unexpectedly and cause serious injury or damage 1 Check that parking lever 1 is in the LOCK position REMARK If this parking lever is not in the LOCK...

Page 128: ...OPERATION OPERATION 3 76 3 Check that the blade control lever 3 is HOLD position 4 Check that the safety lock lever 4 is locked Hold Free Lock...

Page 129: ...careful to ensure good ventilation NOTICE q Do not continue to crank the starting motor continu ously for more than 60 seconds under any circum stances If the engine does not start wait for at least...

Page 130: ...ly to the ON position 5 Continue to run the engine at idling for 15 seconds after starting During this time do not operate the control levers or fuel control lever 6 After starting the engine run at t...

Page 131: ...tarting in low temperatures do as follows NOTICE q There is danger of breakage cause by snow or water getting into the fan or fan belt and freezing Check around the engine before starting the engine q...

Page 132: ...tart easily Observe the correct preheating time 4 When the preheating is completed turn the key in starting switch 2 to the START position to start the engine 5 When the engine starts release the key...

Page 133: ...performance and shorten the machine life Be sure to break in the machine for the initial 100 hours as indicated by the service meter During break in operations follow the precautions described in this...

Page 134: ...al exhaust gas color noise or vibration If any abnormality is found contact your Komatsu distributor STARTING IN COLD WEATHER 3 Ambient temperature below 10 C After starting the engine do not immediat...

Page 135: ...ilt intermittently for 5 minutes 4 After warm up run is completed check gauges and caution lamps for proper operation If any abnormality is found repair it q Continue to run the engine at light load u...

Page 136: ...the low idling position and run the engine at low idling speed for about 5 minutes to allow it to gradually cool down 3 Turn the key in ignition switch 2 to the OFF position The engine will stop REMAR...

Page 137: ...edal 2 to pressed set the speed range to 1st then operate steering directional and gearshift lever 4 in the direction of travel Release brake pedal 2 slowly and after the machine starts to move or the...

Page 138: ...erse position to move the machine off REMARK Check that the backup alarm sounds when joystick is placed in REVERSE If the alarm does not sound please contact your Komatsu distributor When the steering...

Page 139: ...OPERATION OPERATION 3 87 7 Pull fuel control lever 3 to increase engine speed 8 Release decelerator pedal 5 slowly and move the machine off Low idling...

Page 140: ...l 1 and return steering direc tional and gearshift lever 2 to the N position The machine will stop REMARK If it is difficult to stop the machine on a downhill slope using only the decelerator pedal us...

Page 141: ...ss the DOWN switch to shift down When the starting switch is turned to the ON position the speed range is set by default to 1st For details of the method of selecting the shift mode monitor display an...

Page 142: ...decelerator pedal 1 to reduce the engine speed 2 Shift steering directional and gear shift lever 2 to the desired position REMARK Check that the backup alarm sounds when joystick is placed in REVERSE...

Page 143: ...lever 1 is operated to the FORWARD position and moved partially to the left L the machine will start to turn gradually After that the lever can be moved further towards the position where it becomes...

Page 144: ...that the machine turns in the opposite direction to the actual steering direction WHEN DRIVING FORWARD AND TURNING TO LEFT If the steering directional and speed lever 1 is operated to the FORWARD pos...

Page 145: ...s depress the decelerator pedal to lower the engine speed before actuating the brakes PRECAUTIONS WHEN TRAVELING UP OR DOWN HILLS 3 USE ENGINE AS BRAKE When going downhill move gear shift lever into l...

Page 146: ...PROHIBITED TO KEEP THE DOOR OPEN DURING OPERATIONS 3 Machines equipped with cab Always keep the door closed when traveling or carrying out operations If the door is open there is danger of damage fro...

Page 147: ...ade SMOOTHING 3 NOTICE Avoid smoothing on rocky or stony ground It can damage the blade To finish the ground to a flat surface after digging or leveling put a full load of soil in front of the blade a...

Page 148: ...or tilting the blade Raise the blade high and push two or three times to fell the tree Next travel in reverse and push the cutting edge of the blade into the ground to cut the roots then push the bla...

Page 149: ...e track shoes As an addi tional safety measure lower the work equipment and thrust the blade into the ground q If the work equipment control lever is touched by acci dent the work equipment may move s...

Page 150: ...el level and HST oil tem perature AFTER STARTING ENGINE 3 1 Walk around the machine and check the work equipment machine exterior and undercarriage also check for any leakage of oil or coolant If any...

Page 151: ...q Top cover at front of chassis 1 q Right and left engine side covers 2 q Cab door opener 3 machine equipped with cab q Cap with lock 4 q Fuel tank cap q Hydraulic tank cap q Battery inspection cover...

Page 152: ...On a slope operate the machine parallel to the inclination of the slope Do not operate across the slope Also when stopping the machine on a slope the machine should face toward the top of the slope q...

Page 153: ...eversing limits MEASURING LINK PITCH 1 Insert a wooden block between track shoe and sprocket to take up the slack in track shoes 2 Measure pitch length of 4 links in stretched portion at more than 2 l...

Page 154: ...epair limits 25 mm MEASURING OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF TRACK ROLLER 1 Measure the height dimension C of the link tread as shown in the diagram 2 Stop machine at position where link tread whose size C has be...

Page 155: ...ound surface 2 Remove the blade assembly REMARK To overall width can be reduced by angling the blade to the maximum Determine whether or not it is necessary to detach the blade for transportation refe...

Page 156: ...er steer the machine on the ramps since steering on the ramps can cause the machine to tip over If it is necessary to change the travel direction return to the ground or to the bed of the trailer then...

Page 157: ...and travel slowly 6 Set the travel direction toward the ramps and drive slowly 7 The center of gravity of the machine shifts suddenly at the border between the ramps and trailer and the machine is unb...

Page 158: ...to the LOCK position 4 Turn the starting switch to the OFF position to stop the engine and pull out the starting switch key 5 Fix the machine as explained below so that it will not move during transpo...

Page 159: ...ection STARTING IN COLD WEATHER 3 82 in this manual 5 Set the safety lock lever to the FREE position 6 Raise the blade 7 Set parking lever to the FREE position 8 Use the variable mode to set the speed...

Page 160: ...weight see SPECIFICATIONS 5 2 PROCEDURE FOR LIFTING OPERATIONS When lifting the machine stop it on a level place then observe the following procedure 1 Stop the engine and set the parking lever to the...

Page 161: ...Do not smoke when handling antifreeze NOTICE q Never use methanol ethanol or propanol based antifreeze q Never use any water leakage prevention agent or any antifreeze containing such an agent q Do n...

Page 162: ...ops the capacity of the battery will also drop If the battery charge ratio is low the battery electrolyte may freeze Maintain the battery charge as close as possible to 100 and insulate it against col...

Page 163: ...soil so the machine can move next morning q Open the drain valve and drain any water collected in the fuel system to prevent it from freezing q Fill the fuel tank to the full in order to prevent mois...

Page 164: ...s open the doors and windows to improve ventilation and prevent gas poisoning q During storage always operate the machine once a month so that a new film of oil will be coated over mov able parts and...

Page 165: ...evice to set the oil pressure in the brake circuit to above the specified pressure so see the section WHEN ENGINE DOES NOT START 3 115 to release the brake or contact your Komatsu distributor q Moving...

Page 166: ...tor of the machine being towed should always operate the steering so that the machine faces in the direction of the towing line If the steering or brake system are actuated and the engine is running i...

Page 167: ...For details of the equipment needed to tow a machine when the engine does not work please contact your Komatsu distributor To release the brakes install a brake release pump on the machine to be towe...

Page 168: ...brake system seal Always inspect the hydraulic pump before connecting it 1 Install tee 1 to the discharge portion of the pump then install oil pressure gauge 2 and rubber hose 3 Install quick coupler...

Page 169: ...floorplate 3 Loosen locknuts 1 and 2 of the towing valve on the top surface of the pump then loosen valve 3 at the locknut portion 2 turns 4 Tighten locknuts 1 and 2 lightly to hold in position so tha...

Page 170: ...operation pump the handle of the brake release pump and raise the pump pressure to 2 7 to 3 1 MPa 28 to 32 kg cm When towing do not use the brakes to control the travel speed of the machine This will...

Page 171: ...cool the pump 2 Tighten 2 valves 1 used when being towed on the top sur face of the pump then tighten lock nuts 2 and 3 to hold valve 1 in position Tightening torque of valve 2 5 to 3 5 kgf m 24 5 to...

Page 172: ...e amount of water If it gets in your eyes wash it out with fresh water and consult a doctor q When handling batteries always wear protective gog gles and rubber gloves q When removing the battery firs...

Page 173: ...et the voltage of the charger to match the voltage of the battery to be charged If the correct voltage is not selected the charger may overheat and cause an explosion q Connect the positive charger cl...

Page 174: ...e final connection is to the engine block of the problem machine but sparks will be gen erated when this is done so connect to a place as far as possible from the battery q When disconnecting the boos...

Page 175: ...LD or neutral position 1 Make sure the clips are firmly connected to the battery terminals 2 Start the engine of the normal machine and keep it running at high idle 3 Turn the starting switch of the p...

Page 176: ...re to stop the engine 1 Open the engine side cover on the left side of the chassis 2 Remove nut 1 of the stop solenoid then disconnect the stop solenoid and rod 2 3 Extend the rod 2 or push lever 3 ex...

Page 177: ...witch is turned to ON Defective wiring Insufficient battery charge Defective safety switch Check repair Charge Replace Pinion of starting motor keeps going in and out Insufficient battery charge Charg...

Page 178: ...rm buzzer Remedy E01 Top line Displays E01 Bottom line Displays service meter Part of function has failed or stopped but oper ations can be carried out safely However after completing operations conta...

Page 179: ...Add oil to specified level see WHEN REQUIRED Lacks drawbar pull cannot travel at full speed Lack of drive power from engine Defective HST pump motor Defective relief valve See ENGINE Check repair Adj...

Page 180: ...of cooling system see WHEN REQUIRED Clean and repair see EVERY 500 HOURS SERVICE Replace thermostat Tighten cap or replace packing Repair Engine water temperature caution lamp flashes Engine does not...

Page 181: ...MAINTENANCE 14 WARNING Please read and make sure that you understand the safety volume before reading this section...

Page 182: ...f metal particles or foreign materials are found always report to the person in charge and carry out suitable action FUEL STRAINER Do not remove the strainer from the filler port when adding fuel WELD...

Page 183: ...se If any attempt is made to close it without releas ing the lock the gas damper may break When closing the cover push the orange button in the cen ter of the gas damper 1 to release the lock then clo...

Page 184: ...items been performed correctly q Have any tools or parts been dropped inside the machine It is particularly dangerous if parts are dropped inside the machine and get caught in the lever linkage mechan...

Page 185: ...ly water or air getting into the circuit In such cases please contact your Komatsu distributor q When changing the oil always replace the related filters at the same time q We recommend you have an an...

Page 186: ...re nipples for overhaul so they do not need grease If any part becomes stiff after being used for long time add grease q Always wipe off all of the old grease that is pushed out when greasing Be parti...

Page 187: ...is at the side to prevent moisture from being sucked in If drums have to be stored outside cover them with a waterproof sheet or take other measures to protect them q To prevent any change in quality...

Page 188: ...m is checking fan belt tension checking damage or wear to the fan belt and checking battery fluid level q Never install any electric components other than those specified by Komatsu q External electro...

Page 189: ...istributor of the machine serial number and check for the latest part number when ordering parts WEAR PARTS LIST 4 The parts in parentheses are to be replaced at the same time Item Part NO Part Name W...

Page 190: ...1 112 946 1510 02090 11055 02290 11016 Cutting edge Cutting edge End bit left and right Bolt Nut 13 3 21 9 6 8 1 1 2 21 21 D37PX Power angle power tilt dozer Wide blade 12F 70 31281 11Y 72 15220 02090...

Page 191: ...E 30 SAE 10W SAE 10W 30 SAE 15W 40 Idler each 20 C 40 C SAE 30 Hydraulic system 20 C 30 C SAE 10W 20 C 40 C SAE 10W 30 15 C 40 C SAE 15W 40 Final drive case each 20 C 40 C SAE30 Fuel tank Diesel fuel...

Page 192: ...n CC reduce the engine oil change interval to half There is no problem if single grade oil is mixed with multigrade oil SAE10W 30 15W 40 but be sure to add sin gle grade oil that matches the temperatu...

Page 193: ...EP Energrease LS EP2 Antifreeze 6 CALTEX RPM delo 400 RPM delo 450 Universal thuban Universal thuban EP Marfak all purpose 2 Ultra duty grease 2 AF engine coolant 7 CASTROL Turbomax RX super CRD EP EP...

Page 194: ...grease Anti freeze and summer coolant 15 PETRO FINE FINA kappa TD FINA potonic N FINA potonic NE FINA marson EPL2 FINA tamidor 16 SHELL Rimura X Spirax EP Spirax heavy duty Albania EP grease 17 SUN S...

Page 195: ...ross flats b mm Tightening torque Target value Service limit N m kgf m N m kgf m 6 8 10 12 14 10 13 17 19 22 13 2 31 66 113 172 1 35 3 2 6 7 11 5 17 5 11 8 14 7 27 34 59 74 98 123 153 190 1 2 1 5 2 8...

Page 196: ...required When replacing hoses always replace O rings gaskets and other such parts at the same time Have your Komatsu distributor replace the critical parts SAFETY CRITICAL PARTS 4 No Safety critical...

Page 197: ...draulic system 4 344 Procedure for releasing internal pressure of hydraulic system 4 354 CHECK BEFORE STARTING 4 EVERY 50 HOURS SERVICE 4 Drain water sediment from fuel tank 4 374 EVERY 250 HOURS SERV...

Page 198: ...e oil in hydraulic tank replace oil filter cartridge and clean suction strainer 4 534 Clean check turbocharger 4 554 Check vibration damper 4 554 Check alternator starting motor 4 554 Check engine val...

Page 199: ...other protective equipment CHECKING 1 Open engine side cover on the left side of machine 2 If the yellow piston at the display portion of dust indicator 1 becomes red 7 5 kPa clean the element NOTICE...

Page 200: ...r cleaner body and dust cup NOTICE The inner element must not be used again even after its cleaning When replacing the outer element replace the outer element at the same time 5 Direct dry compressed...

Page 201: ...t whose folds gasket or seal are damaged 9 Set the cleaned outer element and install dust cup 3 then secure them with clips 2 CAUTION When installing the dust cup check O ring 7 If the O ring has any...

Page 202: ...ir cleaner body and dust cup 5 Remove inner element 5 then install a new inner element immediately 6 Set new outer element 4 and install dust cup 3 then secure them with clips 2 CAUTION When installin...

Page 203: ...of the cooling system do as follows Use a permanent type of antifreeze If for some reason it is impossible to use permanent type antifreeze use an antifreeze containing ethylene glycol The ratio of a...

Page 204: ...t hits the next stopper while depressing it Keep turning the radiator cap 1 until it hits the last stopper 4 Place containers to catch the drained cooling water under drain valve 2 at the bottom of th...

Page 205: ...riage will vary with the working conditions and types of soil It is thus necessary to continually inspect the track tension so as to maintain the standard tension Carry out the check and adjustment un...

Page 206: ...r replace the pin and bushing Please contact your Komatsu distributor for repairs WHEN LOOSENING TENSION WARNING It is extremely dangerous to release the grease by any method except the procedure give...

Page 207: ...ghtening angle B METHOD OF TIGHTENING MASTER CONNECTING BOLT 1 First tighten to tightening torque A then check that the link mating face is in tight contact 2 After checking tighten further to tighten...

Page 208: ...edge and the end bit on both sides are worn out replace with new one If it has been worn out up to the fitting surface repair the fitting surface and then reverse or replace 4 Remove the cutting edge...

Page 209: ...f any oil does not flow out when plug 4 is removed the quantity of oil is insufficient In this case ask your Komatsu distributor for repair 4 Install guide plate 2 and shim 3 with bolt 1 REMARK When i...

Page 210: ...assembly has been removed for transportation the play of the center ball must be adjusted when assembling it again If this is not done soil will enter and cause premature wear or damage of the ball a...

Page 211: ...to 18 mm When the belt is new there will be initial elongation so always adjust again after 2 or 3 days CHECK LEVEL OF REFRIGERANT WARNING If the refrigerant used in the cooler gets into your eyes or...

Page 212: ...nt gas level is low so contact your refrigerant dealer to have refrigerant added If the air conditioner is run with the refrigerant gas level low it will cause damage to the compressor New Freon R134a...

Page 213: ...so dilute the washer fluid with water to the following proportions before adding There are two types depending on the freezing temperature 10 C general use and 30 C cold area use so select according...

Page 214: ...he engine and run for 10 minutes at low idling For details see STARTING ENGINE 3 77 After running for 10 minutes at low idling move to the next operation 5 Bleeding air from cylinders 6 Run the engine...

Page 215: ...temperature after the engine is stopped and may cause serious burns Wait for the temperature to go down before starting the operation q When the oil filler cap is removed oil may spurt out so turn the...

Page 216: ...section q Check coolant level add coolant q Checking with monitor q Check fuel level add fuel q Check oil level in engine oil pan add oil q Check clean water separator q Check dust indicator q Check o...

Page 217: ...epare a container to catch the fuel that is drained 1 Open drain valve 1 at the bottom inside the inspection cover on the left side at the rear of the machine and drain the water and sediment accumula...

Page 218: ...pera tion 1 Lower the blde to the ground then stop the engine 2 Using a grease pump pump in grease through the grease fittings shown by arrows 3 After greasing wipe off any old grease that was pushed...

Page 219: ...PX 1 Lift cylinder bottom pin 2 places 2 Lift cylinder head pin 2 places 3 Angle cylinder bottom pin 2 places 4 Frame mounting pin 2 places 5 Angle cylinder head pin 2 places 6 Tilt cylinder head pin...

Page 220: ...op with the UP mark and plug P perpendicular to the ground surface 2 Using the handle remove plug F If the oil is up to the bot tom of the plug hole the level is correct 3 If the oil level is low chec...

Page 221: ...in the morning to prevent the electrolyte from freezing Inspect the battery electrolyte level at least once a month and follow the basic safety procedures given below WHEN CHECKING ELECTOLYTE LEVEL FR...

Page 222: ...he electrolyte reaches the bottom of the sleeve 3 After adding distilled water tighten cap 1 securely REMARK If distilled water is added to above the bottom of the sleeve use a syringe to lower the le...

Page 223: ...et safety lock lever 1 to the FREE position then operate blade control lever 2 to raise the blade Leave the safety lock lever to the FREE position 3 Set parking lever 3 to the FREE position 4 Depress...

Page 224: ...the machine turn knob 1 remove inside cover 2 then remove FRESH filter 3 2 Remove the filter box then brush out the dirt accumulated inside the box through the cleaning hole in the hood When doing th...

Page 225: ...2 Using a filter wrench turn filter cartridge 1 counterclock wise to remove it 3 Clean the filter holder fill a new filter cartridge with clean fuel coat the packing surface with engine oil then inst...

Page 226: ...ollow the procedure in OPERATION AND CHECK BEFORE STARTING ENGINE 3 75 2 Set the fuel control lever to the midrange speed position 3 Set the parking lever of the steering directional and gear shift le...

Page 227: ...leted 7 Return the starting switch to the ON position When this is done if the engine does not continue to turn and stops repeat the operation in the Step 6 NOTICE When the engine has run out of fuel...

Page 228: ...the same method and operate the feed pump to bleed the air CHANGE OIL IN ENGINE OIL PAN REPLACE ENGINE OIL FILTER CARTRIDGE 4 WARNING Engine parts and oil are at high temperature immediately after the...

Page 229: ...er 3 4 to1 turn 9 After replacing the filter cartridge add oil through oil filler F until the oil level is between the H and L marks on the dipstick G 10 Run the engine at idling for a short time then...

Page 230: ...gged with mud dust and leaves with compressed air Steam or water may be used instead of compressed air REMARK Check the hydraulic cooler hoses If any hose is cracked or hardened by age replace with a...

Page 231: ...plug P perpendicular to the ground surface 2 Set a container under plug P to catch the oil 3 Remove plugs P and F with the handle and drain the oil REMARK Check the O rings in the plugs for damage If...

Page 232: ...d CHECK FOR LOOSE ROPS MOUNT BOLTS 4 If equipped Check that the bolts are not loose and that there is no damage If any bolt is loose tighten it to the following torque If there is any damage replace t...

Page 233: ...ely stop the engine and slowly turn the cap of oil filler F to release the internal pressure Then remove the cap 2 Remove the cover 1 at the bottom of the hydraulic tank 3 Place a container to receive...

Page 234: ...tridge with oil then coat the seal and thread of the filter cartridge with oil or coat thinly with grease and install 13 After the packing surface of the cartridge touches the sealing surface of the f...

Page 235: ...cracks or peeling are found contact your Komatsu distributor to have the parts replaced CHECK ALTERNATOR STARTING MOTOR 4 The brushes mat be worn or the bearing may have run out of grease contact your...

Page 236: ...250 500 1000 and 2000 hours service should be carried out at the same time CHECK WATER PUMP 4 Check that there is no play in the pulley leakage of oil or water or clogging of the drain hole If any ab...

Page 237: ...SPECIFICATIONS 15...

Page 238: ...width mm 2 435 3 200 2 875 Travel speed Quick shift mode Forward 1st 2nd 3rd km h 3 4 5 6 8 5 Bckward 1st 2nd 3rd km h 4 1 6 5 8 5 Travel speed Variable shift mode Forward km h 0 8 8 5 Backward km h...

Page 239: ...102E 2 diesel engine Engine horsepower kW HP rpm 71 95 2 000 A Overall length mm 4 200 4 200 B Overall height Not including antenna mm 2 770 2 770 To tip of exhaust pipe mm 2 720 2 720 C Overall width...

Page 240: ...SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS 5 4...

Page 241: ...ATTACHMENTS OPTIONS 16 WARNING Please read and make sure that you understand the safety volume before reading this section...

Page 242: ...emoval and installation When removing or installing an attachment observe the following items and work safely Select a firm level surface when installing or removing an attachment When working in coop...

Page 243: ...CHMENTS OPTIONS HANDLING HYDRAULIC RIPPER 6 3 HANDLING HYDRAULIC RIPPER 6 q This ripper is applicable for the D31EX and D37EX and D39EX GENERAL VIEW 6 1 Support 4 Shank 2 Hydraulic cylider 5 Point 3 B...

Page 244: ...en parking the machine lower the rip per to the ground and set the safety lock lever to the LOCK position This lever is used to operate the ripper A RAISE B HOLD Ripper is stopped and held in the same...

Page 245: ...ne suddenly or travel in reverse When turning the machine suddenly or traveling in reverse raise the shank from the ground surface q When carrying out digging operations with only one shank always use...

Page 246: ...od end pin 1 point 3 Link pin 2 points Problem Main causes Remedy Slow ripper raising and function lack of ripping force Improper hydraulic oil Defective pump Defective adjustment of relief valve Defe...

Page 247: ...knob 2 under the seat to match the weight adjustment scale with your own weight The weight can be adjusted within a range of 50 to 120 kg REMARK If you want to make the seat softer turn the weight ad...

Page 248: ...he lever becomes heavy Accordingly do not apply your weight After adjusting the height release the lever to lock the seat Height adjustment distance Stepless 50 mm E Adjusting direction of seat Pull u...

Page 249: ...ATTACHMENTS OPTIONS HEADREST 6 9 HEADREST 6 Removal of headrest Pull up the headrest REMARK The headrest cannot be fixed to halfway...

Page 250: ...aid kit can be installed to the positions shown in the following illustration Equipping the fire extinguisher and the first aid kit at the illustrated position needs brackets option For the brack ets...

Page 251: ...INDEX 17...

Page 252: ...INDEX 7 2...

Page 253: ...ENERAL VIEW OF CO 3 3 GENERAL VIEW OF MACHINE 3 2 GREASE PUMP HOLDER 3 47 GUIDE TO MAINTENANCE 4 2 H HANDLING HYDRAULIC RIPPER 6 3 EXPLANATION OF COMPONENTS 6 4 GENERAL VIEW 6 3 MAINTENANCE 6 6 OPERAT...

Page 254: ...E 4 37 EVERY 500 HOURS SERVICE 4 45 WHEN REQUIRED 4 19 SHIFTING BETWEE 3 90 SHIFTING GEARS 3 89 SPECIFICATIONS 5 2 STANDARD TIGHTENING TORQUES FOR BOLTS AND NUTS 4 15 STARTING ENGINE 3 77 STEERING MAC...

Page 255: ...COLOPHON 18...

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Summary of Contents for D31EX-21

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Komatsu D31EX-21, Operation & Maintenance Manual, Page: 53 / 256

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