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Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User’s Guide

Tuning the Analyzer for a Specific DUT

However, if the default .ptu file does not serve the purpose and you find the trace quality to be poor,

you can create your own .ptu file with your specific parameters and use it in the Logic and Protocol

Analyzer GUI to perform tuning. You can create a .ptu file using the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI.

Tuning - Broad steps

The following picture illustrates the broad steps involved in the tuning flow.

Summary of Contents for U4301

Page 1: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 2: ...rily provided to the public Accordingly Keysight provides the Software to U S gov ernment customers under its standard com mercial license which is embodied in its End User License Agreement EULA a copy of which can be found at http www key sight com find sweula The license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U S government may use modify distribute or disclose th...

Page 3: ...ntial shock hazard that could result in personal injury Fuses See the user s guide or operator s manual for information about line fuse replacement Some instruments contain an internal fuse which is not user accessible Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes Do Not Remove the Instrument Cover Only qualified service trained...

Page 4: ... ground terminal Protective earth ground terminal Frame or chassis ground terminal Terminal is at earth potential Equipotentiality N Neutral conductor on permanently installed equipment L Line conductor on permanently installed equipment On mains supply Off mains supply Standby mains supply The instrument is not completely disconnected from the mains supply when the power switch is in the standby ...

Page 5: ...on Caution risk of electric shock Do not apply around or remove from HAZARDOUS LIVE conductors Application around and removal from HAZARDOUS LIVE conductors is permitted Caution hot surface Ionizing radiation Indicates that antistatic precautions should be taken CAT I IEC Measurement Category I CAT II Measurement Category II CAT III Measurement Category III CAT IV Measurement Category IV Symbol De...

Page 6: ...01 compliance marking to the Canadian EMC standard KC certification mark to demonstrate compliance with the South Korean EMC requirements South Korean Class A EMC declaration This equipment is Class A suitable for professional use and is for use in electromagnetic environments outside of the home This product complies with the WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC marking requirements The affixed label indica...

Page 7: ... to show only the relevant information minimizing the need to scroll horizontally Flexible GUI configuration to meet debug needs with pre defined GUI layouts for Link Training debug Config accesses and general I O Simple and powerful state based triggering New simple trigger mode makes it easy to setup single event triggers Powerful state based triggering including Four states supported in trigger...

Page 8: ... for fast understanding of current link status Cross triggering with an external oscilloscope and making time correlated measurements using markers You can display data captured by the oscilloscope in the Waveform and Listing display windows This external oscilloscope correlation and data display feature is also referred to as View Scope To know more about this feature and how to use it with the U...

Page 9: ...page 21 Chapter 4 Setting the Capture Options on page 33 Chapter 5 Tuning the Analyzer for a Specific DUT on page 37 Chapter 6 Setting Up Triggers on page 55 Chapter 7 Running Stopping Captures on page 71 Chapter 8 Viewing PCIe Gen3 Packets and Traffic Overview on page 73 Chapter 9 Viewing and Interpreting Equalization Summary Data on page 106 Chapter 10 Configuring and Computing Decoded Transacti...

Page 10: ...10 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 11: ...probe 22 U4328A M 2 M key Interposer 23 U4330A U 2 SFF 8639 Interposer 23 To specify the connection setup 23 4 Setting the Capture Options 5 Tuning the Analyzer for a Specific DUT PCIe Gen3 Tuning Overview 38 What is Tuning 38 How Tuning Works 38 When to Perform Tuning 38 Default and User Defined ptu Files 38 Tuning Broad steps 39 Tuning Method 40 Preparing the U4301A B Module and DUT for Tuning 4...

Page 12: ...acket not Appearing in the Protocol Viewer After the Trigger on Error Occurred 70 7 Running Stopping Captures 8 Viewing PCIe Gen3 Packets and Traffic Overview Filtering Packets Displayed in Protocol Viewer 75 Filtering Bidirectional Packets Data 77 Searching for Specific Packets in Protocol Viewer 80 Compacting the Display of Training Sequence Packets 82 Example Compacted Display 82 To configure t...

Page 13: ... Transaction Decoding Overview 114 Types of Protocols Supported 114 Transaction Decode Tab 114 Configuring and Computing Decoded Transactions 115 Before you Start 115 Computing Transactions from the Captured Data 115 Defining Verifying the Device Setup 117 Saving the Device Setup Details 121 Viewing the Configuration Space of a DUT 122 Configuring Timestamps Displayed in the Computed Transactions ...

Page 14: ...w 158 Performance Overview Tab 158 The Overlay View At a Glance 159 Configuring and Computing Offline Performance Summary 161 Before you Start 161 Computing Offline Performance Summary 161 Saving the Computed Performance Summary Data 162 Defining Chart Settings 163 Interpreting the Performance Summary Results 170 Performance Statistics panes 170 Charts pane 172 Flow Control 174 Flow Control Exampl...

Page 15: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 15 Contents 12 Glossary Index ...

Page 16: ...16 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide Contents ...

Page 17: ... PC via a PCI Express interface and a cable The controller PC runs the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer application software which lets you set up the U4301A B PCIe Gen3 analyzer specify triggers and other data capture options capture data and analyze the captured data using the Protocol Viewer window See the Keysight AXIe based Logic Analysis and Protocol Test Modules Installation Guide for i...

Page 18: ...1 Hardware and Software Installation 18 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 19: ...dbus 3 0 probe U4324A PCIe Gen3 Flying Lead probe U4328A M 2 M key Interposer U4330A U 2 SFF 8639 Interposer Details about these probing options and other PCIe Gen3 tools can be found in the PCI Express Gen3 Hardware and Probing Guide This guide is installed with the Logic and Protocol Analyzer software and can also be downloaded from the Document Library tab of the U4301 module on www keysight co...

Page 20: ...2 Probing Options for PCIe Gen3 20 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 21: ...ng options While specifying the connection setup one of the key requirements is to select the probing option that you have used with the U4301A B module to probe the DUT and the data capture direction in which you have configured the hardware setup Broadly there are the following probing options available with the U4301A B module U4321A Solid Slot Interposer card U4322A Soft Touch Midbus 3 0 probe...

Page 22: ...irectional where half the footprint pins are for the upstream data and the other half are for the downstream data Unidirectional where all the pins on the footprint are for the data going in the same direction Reversed refers to optional lane reversal which is supported for upstream ports Based on how you have designed the footprint for the probe you need to select an appropriate probing option in...

Page 23: ...Ie link as per the U 2 SFF 8639 interconnection standard To reflect such a probing hardware setup in the Connection Setup tab of the Logic and Protocol Analyzer application you need to select the U4330A U 2 SFF 8639 Interposer as the probing option The link width can be selected as x1 x2 or x4 To specify the connection setup 1 In the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer application s Overview wind...

Page 24: ...ing setups click Connection diagram or refer to the PCI Express Gen3 Hardware and Probing Guide If you have installed multiple U4301A B modules in the chassis all these modules are listed in the Module section of the tab You need to select the probing option individually for these modules 3 Specify the link type ...

Page 25: ...d to select the link type individually for these modules 4 Select the link width By default the link width is set to the maximum link width available to the U4301 module at which it can capture data This maximum link width available is based on the module s license options installed and the link type Unidirectional Bidirectional that you selected If you select the Link Type as 1 Bidirectional upto...

Page 26: ...Link Width field As a result the data is captured only if the link width in the captured data matches the set link width For instance If link width is set to x16 and data is to be captured for x8 then capture will not happen NOTE The Auto checkbox is selected by default Using this checkbox you can choose to enable disable the auto link width detection feature individually for each U4301 module The...

Page 27: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 27 Specifying the Connection Setup 3 c Close the Connection Diagram dialog 6 Select the clock source ...

Page 28: ...e external clock source selection the Analyzer s internal PLL may not be able to attain the initial lock with the DUT s reference clock resulting in an erratic behavior Just making the DUT s reference clock available at this point does not establish the lock with the reference clock In such a situation you can re establish the lock with the DUT s reference clock by performing the following steps i...

Page 29: ...l otherwise the data capture will not happen on encountering a mismatch in the lane reversal On Off value at the DUT and Analyzer ends The Auto option configures the U4301 module to automatically detect lane reversal based on the TS ordered sets that it sees during the LTSSM training of the monitored link When this option is selected the module automatically switches its lane reversal feature to O...

Page 30: ...cify any lane polarity inversion a Click Auto or Manual to toggle between the types of polarity inversion specification When Auto is selected the polarity of the lanes is set automatically during the initial link training b When manual selection is chosen select the lanes that are inverted ...

Page 31: ...of the link maps to logical Lane 0 and so on If you want to map Lane 0 of the link to some other Lane then select Custom option from Lane Ordering and click Specify to display the Custom Lane Ordering dialog box In this dialog box select the lane with which you want to map Lane 0 The number of lanes displayed for lane ordering depend on the selected link width For example if the link width is sele...

Page 32: ...3 Specifying the Connection Setup 32 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 33: ...yzer s Setup dialog lets you set basic capture options 1 In the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer application s Overview window from the PCIe Gen3 analyzer module s drop down menu select Setup Setup Setup Setup Figure 1 Setup Setup 2 Click the Capture Setup tab 3 In the Capture Setup tab select the appropriate options ...

Page 34: ...inks Gen 2 select this when capturing data on 5 Gbps links Gen 3 select this when capturing data on 8 Gbps links Auto select this option when testing link speed switching scenarios On selecting this option analyzer automatically detects the link speed change and accordingly starts capturing data based on the changed link speed The Auto option also has a drop down listbox displayed with it From thi...

Page 35: ... of the trace making the trace more useful for analysis If you enable the Trim non overlapped data option and U4301 does not find any overlapping data for the two directions then it captures the non overlapping data for both the directions instead of generating an empty trace with no data See Also See Getting non overlapped data in the trace even when the Bidirectional Trimming was set to On on pa...

Page 36: ...on even starts Consequently the trace has non overlapped data even if the trimming is enabled in the capture setup Set up the trigger such that the capture starts only when both the directions start transmitting data so that overlapping data can be obtained in the trace There was no overlapping data available for the two directions NOTE When testing L0s L1 ensure that you set manual lane polarity ...

Page 37: ...zer for a Spe cific DUT PCIe Gen3 Tuning Overview 38 Preparing the U4301A B Module and DUT for Tuning 41 Creating a Physical Layer Tuning File 42 Loading a Tuning File in the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI 48 Tuning a Bidirectional Setup 50 Fine Tuning a ptu File 51 ...

Page 38: ... 8 Gbps speed you then need to load this ptu file into the U4301 Analyzer module s software to have the best possible eye at the Analyzer It is recommended that you first use a predefined ptu file with default tuning values If the default tuning values do not provide robust and clean tracing results you should consider creating your own ptu file You can create or fine tune a ptu file using the Key...

Page 39: ...urpose and you find the trace quality to be poor you can create your own ptu file with your specific parameters and use it in the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI to perform tuning You can create a ptu file using the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI Tuning Broad steps The following picture illustrates the broad steps involved in the tuning flow ...

Page 40: ...hile creating a ptu file using the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI the AnalogTune tuning method is used This method minimizes the deviations of the observed Vertical Eye characteristics versus the desired Vertical Eye characteristics From the DUT participation perspective this method only requires that the DUT must not have transitions to or from Electrical Idle at 8Gbps ...

Page 41: ...that define what lanes are at specific physical connections U4324A PCIe Gen3 flying lead probe U4328A M 2 M key Interposer U4330A SFF 8639 Interposer 2 If the Resource Bus connector is connecting two Analyzer modules together the connector at the left of the modules remove the Resource Bus Connector and do the tuning of one module at a time After you have tuned you can reconnect the Resource Bus C...

Page 42: ...n the PCIe Analyzer setup in the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI to tune the system To create a physical layer tuning file Perform these steps on the host PC that is physically connected to the U4301 Analyzer module 1 Exit the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer application if it is currently active 2 Start the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer application This is done to ensure that all the d...

Page 43: ...pane of the Phy Tuning tab displays a list of the currently available PCIe Analyzer modules From this list select the module which you want to tune 6 Select the Use Specified Tuning File option from the Tuning File Selection section 7 Click the New Tune button to open the Tuning File Creation dialog box ...

Page 44: ...a fine tune However the number of iterations for a tuning test are lesser making this option suitable for performing tuning quickly Fine Tune Previous Results This option is meant for fine tuning a previously created ptu file If the ptu file that you created does not produce robust and clean tracing then you can fine tune it to get the desired results from tuning Long Tune This option is identical...

Page 45: ...se this option only if you are getting excessive errors in the captured traces even after a successful completion of Fine Tune Previous Results run with all lanes converged This option is not recommended for use if all the lanes are not converged 9 Click the icon displayed with the Output PTU File field to browse and specify the name and location for the ptu file 10 Click Perform Tune The tuning p...

Page 46: ...he Analyzer for a Specific DUT 46 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 11 Click OK to close the Tuning File Creation dialog box The newly created tuning file is now loaded for use in the Phy Tuning tab ...

Page 47: ...on of the channel and speed LEDs refer to the PCI Express Gen3 Hardware and Probing guide You can download this guide from www keysight com Field Description Channel LEDs Green Indicates no bit errors on that lane Yellow Indicates loss of sync or OK ERROR is toggling quickly You get shades of yellow usually when there are frequent bit errors Red Indicates bit error on that lane Blinking Red Off In...

Page 48: ...uning file 4 To load default tuning values a Select the Use Default Tuning Values option from the Tuning File Selection section On selecting this option the software automatically uses the default tuning values from the predefined ptu file applicable for your probing and connection setup This is the default and recommended option for an initial run If the default tuning values do not produce robus...

Page 49: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 49 Tuning the Analyzer for a Specific DUT 5 6 Click Apply or OK ...

Page 50: ...uration To tune a U4301A B module in a x1 to x8 bidirectional configuration you just need to tune once A single tuning file is used to perform tuning for both directions However for a x16 bidirectional configuration you need two U4301A B modules Therefore for such a configuration you need two separate tuning files one for each module Each module is tuned separately using its tuning file ...

Page 51: ...fine tune a ptu file 1 In the Setup dialog box of the U4301A B Analyzer module click the Phy Tuning tab 2 Ensure that the Use Specified Tuning File option is selected and the ptu file that you want to fine tune is selected in the Select PCI Express Phy Tuning File ptu to use section If no ptu file is selected then the default predefined ptu file applicable for your probe and connection setup is us...

Page 52: ...excessive errors in the captured traces even after a successful completion of Fine Tune Previous Results run with all lanes converged then you can use the Long Fine Tune option This option is identical to the Fine Tune Previous Results option but takes more time in running the tuning test iterations as compared to Fine Tune Previous Results Long Fine Tune therefore requires considerably longer tim...

Page 53: ...lyzer for a Specific DUT 5 7 When fine tuning completes click OK to close the Tuning File Creation dialog box On successful completion the fine tuned PTU file is created at the specified location along with a tuning log with the same name as the fine tuned PTU file ...

Page 54: ...5 Tuning the Analyzer for a Specific DUT 54 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 55: ...ing Up Simple Triggers 56 Setting Up Advanced Triggers 59 Setting General Trigger Options 64 Setting up a Trigger on Physical Layer Errors 66 The U4301A B PCIe Gen3 analyzer lets you set up triggers events that specify when to capture a trace with simple or advanced dialogs ...

Page 56: ...t U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide Setting Up Simple Triggers 1 In the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer application s Overview window select Setup Trigger from the PCIe analyzer module s drop down menu 2 In the Trigger dialog ...

Page 57: ...k Request CLKREQ signal s assertion and deassertion in the capture memory Enabling this storage allows you to capture and view CLKREQ related data exchanged for the L1 1 and L1 2 substates transitions iii If you disable the Store everything including logical idles field then the Filter Off Store Everything drop down list is activated From this list you can select the types of ordered sets and TLP ...

Page 58: ...hese events box f Click Apply or OK See Also To select which links the trigger is for on page 64 To set the trigger position on page 64 To save recall favorite triggers on page 64 To clear the current trigger on page 65 NOTE Triggering on L1 Substates In the Trigger dialog box you can use the CLKREQ event under the Physical Layer Triggers group to set up a trigger on assertion deassertion or chang...

Page 59: ...alyzer User s Guide 59 Setting Up Triggers 6 Setting Up Advanced Triggers 1 In the Keysight Logic Analyzer application s Overview window from the PCIe analyzer module s drop down menu select Setup Trigger 2 In the Trigger dialog ...

Page 60: ...exchanged for the L1 1 and L1 2 substates transitions iii If you disable the Store everything including logical idles field then the Filter Off Store Everything drop down list is activated From this list you can select the types of ordered sets and TLP DLLP packets that you want to filter out from getting stored in analyzer memory The options selected from this list act as the storage qualifiers T...

Page 61: ...ate events The direction drop down listbox is displayed if you configured the U4301A B module s connection setup as a bidirectional setup It lets you select the direction upstream or downstream applicable for the trigger sequence For a unidirectional data capture setup this listbox is not displayed The action chevron buttons let you insert or delete actions Use the Comment fields to document your ...

Page 62: ...elow in this topic The U4301 module provides two timers Timer 1 and 2 Ensure that you use the correct timer in both event and action To insert a timer in an event statement 1 Drag the Timer event from the events list on the left of the Trigger dialog and drop it to the event statement on the right 2 Select the timer operator or and timer value To insert a timer action 1 Drag the Timer event from t...

Page 63: ...alyzer User s Guide 63 Setting Up Triggers 6 See Also To select which links the trigger is for on page 64 To set the trigger position on page 64 To save recall favorite triggers on page 64 To clear the current trigger on page 65 ...

Page 64: ...r different links You can add tabs for separate triggers and apply them to the links that are set up in the Connection Setup dialog see Specifying the Connection Setup To set the trigger position The top of the Trigger dialog has a slider for setting the trigger position within the capture memory Note that the pre trigger portion of the capture memory is filled before searching for the trigger To ...

Page 65: ...1 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 65 Setting Up Triggers 6 To clear the current trigger The top of the Trigger dialog has a Clear button for erasing the current trigger setup and restoring the default trigger setup ...

Page 66: ...ory 3 Drag and drop the Physical Layer Error s event from the left side to the Select the Trigger s to use section on the right By using this event you set up trigger on all the supported physical layer errors described in the table above Physical Layer Error Occurrence of Trigger on Error Symbol Error Applicable for Gen1 and Gen2 speeds On encountering an invalid symbol Disparity Error Applicable...

Page 67: ...er error type s only you can click the added event Physical Layer Error s on Any Error and then select deselect the physical layer errors on which you want to set up a trigger 5 Click OK to reflect your error selections in the trigger event 6 Click Apply and then OK to complete the trigger on error setup For an advanced trigger ...

Page 68: ...n error and errorred packets in the Protocol viewer after completing the trigger setup and running the Analyzer to capture data It also describes the situations when the errored packet may not be visible in the Protocol Viewer even though the Analyzer triggered on the selected physical layer error s Symbol Error Example In the following example the Analyzer is triggered on encountering a packet en...

Page 69: ...tering the error the errored packet is not captured and not available in the Protocol Viewer In this example this happened because the errored packet occurred during Logical Idle and due to disabling of the Logical Idles storage in the Trigger setup this packet did not get stored However there may be other reasons for an errored packet not appearing in the Protocol Viewer even when the trigger on ...

Page 70: ...Idle and you have not enabled Logical Idles storage in the Trigger setup Even after enabling the Logical Idle storage the errored packet may not get captured displayed because The U4301 Analyzer can store upto 10000 logical idle bytes The errored packet may have occurred after the Analyzer reached this limit resulting in this packet not getting stored The error event may have occurred within one o...

Page 71: ...CIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 7 Running Stopping Captures Running and stopping the U4301A B PCIe Gen3 analyzer is just like running and stopping any other analyzer See Running Stopping Measurements in the online help ...

Page 72: ...7 Running Stopping Captures 72 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 73: ...c Overview Chart to a csv or an Excel File 93 Exporting Captured PCIe Data to a csv File 95 You can view the data captured by the U4301A B PCIe Gen3 analyzer using the Protocol Viewer window See Analyzing Packet Data in the Keysight Logic and Protocol Analyzer online help A Protocol Viewer is automatically added for a U4301A B PCIe Gen3 analyzer module in the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI The Pr...

Page 74: ...ple view of the captured PCIe data in the Protocol Viewer window In this screen the Lanes tab of the Protocol Viewer window is displayed The Lanes viewer displays not just the selected packet data across lanes but also the post packet data represented by colors matching the selected packet color in the upper pane ...

Page 75: ...is added as an input to the Protocol Viewer in the Overview window the Simple Packet Filter dialog box is displayed to allow you to define the filtering setup The defined filtering setup is also stored in the added Filter Colorize tool instance In the Simple Packet Filter dialog box you can select deselect the packet types and then click Hide to hide the selected packets from Protocol Viewer displ...

Page 76: ...ewing PCIe Gen3 Packets 76 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide You can also view the defined filtering setup in the Filter Colorize tool that the Simple Packet Filter added to the Overview window ...

Page 77: ...nd defined in the Simple Packet Filter dialog box are applicable to multiple or bidirectional signals When filtering bidirectional or multiple signals data the Simple Packet Filter creates a separate filtering clause for each direction and applies the filtering setup that you defined to each of these clauses This avoids erroneous filtering results For instance in the first screen below the filteri...

Page 78: ...8 Viewing PCIe Gen3 Packets 78 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 79: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 79 Viewing PCIe Gen3 Packets 8 ...

Page 80: ...e feature that provides you a list of both the Short Name and Packet Type Name matching the text typed by you Once you specify the packet type and press Enter or select the required packet type from the Autocomplete popup the search for the matching packets begins The first packet starting from the currently highlighted position in the trace that matches your search criterion is highlighted in the...

Page 81: ...so search packets on the basis of error types When you start typing an error type in the Search field the AutoComplete feature provides you a list of supported error types matching the text typed by you The screen below displays some of the supported error types which you can use as the search criteria The Search feature also lets you search packets based on the assertion deassertion of the CLKREQ...

Page 82: ...vailable in the Protocol Viewer toolbar as displayed in the screen below On enabling Compact the training sequence packets of the same type transmitted in the same direction in a time sequence are compacted into sets thereby reducing the packet entries in the Protocol Viewer listing The compacted view also provides you a clearer view of the transitions such as TS1 to TS2 occurring in the exchange ...

Page 83: ...s that is packets with same field values This allows you to view when a field of a TS packet changes compared to the previous TS packet You can also choose whether or not the SKP and EIEOS packets embedded within the TS1 and TS2 packets should be compacted with the applicable TS1 TS2 packets If you do not select these checkboxes the SKP and EiEOS packets appear as individual packets after compact ...

Page 84: ...isable Compact All packets are then listed individually NOTE When you enable the compact display for the first time an instance of the Compact tool is added to your setup in the Overview window Do not delete this tool s instance as this tool is used in the compact process NOTE Clicking the Compact button flips the current display of packets from Compact to Not Compact and vice versa The Compact bu...

Page 85: ...n the lower pane Notice that for each packet type the count of packets is displayed for upstream as well as downstream direction along with a sum of packets in both directions You can specify the data range based on which the traffic statistics get computed in the Traffic Overview tab For instance you might want to view the traffic statistics only for the PCIe packets between the markers M1 and M2...

Page 86: ... you click Compute then also only traffic overview statistics s computed NOTE The Compute button is disabled when U4301A B PCIe Analyzer module is capturing data It becomes enabled when the capture has stopped If you want to compute traffic overview statistics in background while the U4301 module is capturing PCIe data then select the Compute All on Run check box in the Protocol Viewer and click t...

Page 87: ...k packet out of these 2540 Ack packets To go directly to the 45th Ack packet out of these 2540 Ack packets you can select this packet type in the Traffic Overview results and then type 45 in the Navigation text box and click Go This takes you directly to the 45th Ack packet in the upper pane of Protocol Viewer You can also navigate through the PCIe packets of a particular direction upstream or dow...

Page 88: ...select multiple packet types in the Traffic Overview tab by clicking a packet type and then dragging the mouse over to the other packet types that you want to select When you select multiple packet types the Navigation section displays the total packet count for all the selected packet types ...

Page 89: ...ors are used to represent packet types in the upstream and downstream directions respectively For each packet type found in trace there is a grid row in the chart A grid row is used to plot the number of packets of that type for upstream as well as downstream directions The number of packets for a packet type are plotted over the period of time as X axis The Y Axis of the chart displays the applic...

Page 90: ...ou can zoom in or zoom out a defined area in the chart or the complete chart To zoom X Axis for a defined area in the chart 1 Click the Zoom X Axis option from the combo box displayed in the Pan and Zoom section of the chart pane to make it active 2 Move the mouse pointer to the traffic overview chart location from which you want to begin zooming 3 Left click at this location and while keeping the...

Page 91: ...mputed data across the full width of the chart Placing markers in the traffic overview chart You can place markers in the traffic overview chart and use these markers to navigate to the PCIe packet associated with the chart location at which you placed a marker This helps you navigate to the exact trace position that corresponds to that chart location Markers placed in the chart are correlated to ...

Page 92: ...to place that marker at the current location To navigate to a particular marker placed in the chart In situations when you have placed multiple markers in the chart you may want to navigate to a particular marker and its associated trace position in the upper pane To do so right click anywhere in the chart select Go To and then select the marker to which you want to navigate On doing so the chart ...

Page 93: ...d in a traffic overview chart to a specified csv or Excel file To export packet times from a traffic overview chart 1 Ensure that the traffic overview chart is displayed in the Traffic Overview tab 2 Click the Packet Times button in the Export section of the Traffic Overview tab This button is disabled if the traffic overview chart is not displayed in the tab The Traffic Overview Export dialog box...

Page 94: ... dialog box 5 In the lower pane a checkbox is displayed with the statistical value applicable for a packet type in a particular direction Select the checkboxes displayed with the packet types to define the data to be exported The packet times of only those packet types are exported for which you select the checkboxes 6 Click Export to Excel or Export to CSV as per your requirement 7 Click Close Th...

Page 95: ...ysis tools You do this by clicking the toolbar button in the Protocol Viewer window On clicking this toolbar button the Protocol Export dialog box is displayed in which you can specify the details of export such as the range of packet data that you want to export and the delimiter that you want to use to delimit the exported data in the specified csv file For details on how to export data to a csv...

Page 96: ...8 Viewing PCIe Gen3 Packets 96 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 97: ...erpreting Equalization Summary Data 106 Navigating Through the LTSSM Transitions States EQ occurrences 110 Interpreting LTSSM States and Transition Results 111 The U4301A B PCIe Gen3 analyzer lets you view LTSSM states state transitions and equalization summary as detected in the data captured in a trace Using this data you can test or debug the DUT s LTSSM functions This chapter describes how you...

Page 98: ...ccessfully This makes link training one of the most crucial process in testing and validating a DUT The participation in the equalization procedure at Gen 3 speed makes this process more challenging to test and validate The LTSSM Overview pane in the Protocol Viewer window of the Logic and Protocol Analyzer GUI helps you in verifying the link training process and finding out reasons for any failur...

Page 99: ...tream or bidirectional in the Connection Setup tab of the Setup dialog box of the U4301A B module For instance if you configured a bidirectional data capture using U4301A B then LTSSM states are displayed for both directions Using the LTSSM Overview pane you can view the LTSSM transitions states and EQ during events such as Link initialization and configuration to bring the link to an operational ...

Page 100: ...0 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide Downgrading or upgrading the link speed in response to a link speed change request Performing the Equalization procedure before reaching the Gen3 8 0 GT s speed during the link training or retraining ...

Page 101: ...to ensure that You have the appropriate node server software license available and installed for the LTSSM Overview feature You have set up the U4301A B analyzer module and captured the PCIe data for the required direction s You have configured the LTSSM setup to get the data display in the LTSSM overview pane according to your requirements Described in the next section ...

Page 102: ...zation coefficients in the results for navigating through the states and TS frames in which these coefficients are exchanged and negotiated b In the Data Range groupbox specify the start and end range for the captured data in the trace for which you want to display the LTSSM data Only the specified range of data is analyzed to detect the LTSSM states and equalization summary The default selections...

Page 103: ...ocol Viewer and click the Run toolbar button This allows you to perform a compute for all the relevant tabs in Protocol Viewer automatically after the data capture is complete It thereby helps you perform a faster compute than performing a compute for each tab individually after the data is captured NOTE You need to recompute the LTSSM states display results if you want to change the data range fo...

Page 104: ...ser s Guide Viewing LTSSM States Transitions Data The screen below displays the results of a compute operation for LTSSM states followed by a description of these results The LTSSM states results are described in the following two sections as highlighted in the pane in the above screen ...

Page 105: ... as the time tag for the state and the packet exchanged at the state change LTSSM States Transitions Navigation section This section displays a list of the applicable LTSSM states or state transition names The display of states or transitions in this section depends on whether you selected Transitions or States organization mode in the Setup groupbox In the above screen the display and organizatio...

Page 106: ... screen below displays the equalization summary results of a compute operation in the LTSSM Overview tab when the Compute EQ checkbox is selected In the following screen EQ has been selected in the Setup groupbox to display the computed equalization summary data The equalization summary results highlighted in the screen above are described as follows ...

Page 107: ...of events representing the number of times that coefficient has been exchanged in TS frames on each of the configured lane For instance in the above screen the Cursor coefficient has been transmitted six times on lane 2 in the downstream direction In this section you can double click a particular coefficient occurrence number and then use the Navigation bar to easily navigate to the packet and LTS...

Page 108: ...the Equalization Summary Section You can configure and choose the fields you want to include in the equalization summary section By default all the available fields are added in this section As per your specific requirements you can choose to hide or display specific fields You can perform this task before or after computing equalization data 1 In the LTSSM Overview tab click the Field Chooser but...

Page 109: ...elect fields are per your requirements The equalization summary pane is changed instantly as per your selections NOTE The fields that you chose to hide from display can be displayed back anytime along with their computed equalization data by simply selecting these fields again in the Field Chooser dialog box ...

Page 110: ...oupbox and click Go or click the or buttons in the groupbox to sequentially move to next or previous occurrence of the transition state EQ The specified occurrence of the selected state transition EQ is highlighted in the state list display and the associated packet is highlighted in the upper pane of the Protocol Viewer window For instance in the following screen the third occurrence of the trans...

Page 111: ...5 Gbps Green Gen2 5 Gbps Blue Gen3 8 Gbps The pane displays LTSSM states as detected from the trace If some events are not represented in the captured data in the trace then these events will not be part of the LTSSM state transitions list in the LTSSM Overview pane Except for the Configuration and Recovery states the substates are not displayed for any other state For instance the substates of Po...

Page 112: ...eysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide The state substate that you select from the states list on the left is highlighted in the LTSSM state diagram A yellow colored arrow is used with the states that occurred before and after the selected state ...

Page 113: ...ns 115 Interpreting and Navigating Through the Transaction Decode Results 126 Viewing NVMe Transactions 135 Viewing AHCI Transactions 147 The U4301A B Analyzer module can decode storage protocols over PCI Express such as NVMe and AHCI to display decoded transactions from the captured PCIe data This chapter describes how you can compute and view these decoded transactions ...

Page 114: ...col specifications to help you easily correlate the decoded data to the protocol specifications and evaluate DUT s compliance to these specifications Types of Protocols Supported In this release decoding of NVMe AHCI and PCIe transactions are supported Transaction Decode Tab You use the Transaction Decode tab displayed in the lower pane of the Protocol Viewer to compute and view decoded transactio...

Page 115: ...oupbox specify the start and end points of the captured PCIe data for which you want to compute decoded transactions Only the specified range of data is analyzed to compute transactions Following options are available for setting the data range Beginning and End of data This data range selection ensures that transactions are computed for the entire trace Trigger Selecting Trigger in the data range...

Page 116: ...ick New Marker to define a new marker at this point Once markers are defined these are available for selection in the Data Range group box of the Transaction Decode tab NOTE If you want to compute decoded transactions in background while the U4301 module is capturing PCIe data then select the Compute All on Run check box in the Protocol Viewer and click the Run toolbar button This allows you to pe...

Page 117: ...y modify device details 1 Click Setup in the Transaction Decode tab of the Protocol Viewer The Transaction Decode Setup dialog box is displayed with the autodiscovered device details from the captured PCIe data 2 Modify Device ID and Base Address if needed NOTE At times the required device details are not available in the captured data and therefore cannot be autodiscovered from the captured data ...

Page 118: ...aces are autodiscovered while computing decoded transactions If needed you can add remove or edit these details of an NVMe device in the Device Setup dialog box 1 The Memory Page Size field indicates the size of the physical memory page configured by the host software The Memory Page Size value is a part of the controller configurations that the host can set and modify This value is used to set th...

Page 119: ... submission queue is also displayed A queue ID is used to display this association If a queue s details are not autodiscovered you can add a new queue by clicking Add Queue and specifying its ID size and base PRP address es 5 If a queue is physically non contiguous multiple PRP addresses are displayed for the queue representing multiple memory chunks For a non contiguous queue you can add multiple...

Page 120: ...ytes that the namespace supports Metadata Size The number of metadata bytes provided per LBA Metadata Transfer Mode The metadata may be transferred either as part of the LBA by creating an extended LBA or as a separate contiguous buffer of data When this field is set to End of data LBA it indicates that the metadata is transferred at the end of the data LBA When this field is set to Separate Buffe...

Page 121: ...ers to the list of commands that the HBA fetches from the command list base address to execute The base address of the command list is as per the PxFB and PxFBU port registers 4 In the FIS Address field view modify the base address of the FISes Frame Information Structure received for the selected AHCI port An FIS refers to the frame of information exchanged between the host and device The base ad...

Page 122: ...file that contains the device setup details 4 Click Open You can edit a saved tdprop file by opening it in an XML Editor or the Transaction Decode Setup dialog box Viewing the Configuration Space of a DUT While computing decoded transactions the Logic and Protocol Analyzer software automatically discovers and reads details from various PCIe configuration registers in the DUT s configuration space ...

Page 123: ...culation of timestamps of transactions To configure timestamp settings 1 Right click the Timestamp field displayed for a computed transaction 2 Select Timestamp Base from the context menu 3 From the displayed submenu you can select Absolute Timestamp for a transaction is calculated on the basis of the absolute time of the first PCIe packet applicable for that transaction This is the default select...

Page 124: ...in the Protocol Viewer window To save the computed transaction data 1 Click File Save as 2 In the Save As dialog box specify the name of the file 3 Ensure that the Standard Configuration ala option is selected as the file type and All Data and Setup is selected in the File Options group box 4 Click Save To access and view previously saved transaction data 1 Click File Open 2 In the Open dialog box...

Page 125: ...10 If the transactions data was previously saved in an ala file then reloading the ala file redisplays the transactions data after it has been cleared If the transactions data was not previously saved you can specify the data range and then click Compute again to redisplay the transactions data ...

Page 126: ...D The details displayed for transactions vary based on their type and the applicable storage protocol Moving the mouse pointer to a field of a transaction presents a tool tip with information about that field A color coding scheme is used to clearly indicate transactions of different types Errored transactions are displayed in red Refer to the topic Viewing NVMe Transactions on page 135 and Viewin...

Page 127: ...d data In this pane you can organize the number of transaction occurrences events on the basis of the organization types described below Directions Transaction occurrences are organized on the basis of the Uplink and Downlink directions in the captured data If the captured data is unidirectional then this view displays occurrences for one direction only Configuration Space Selecting this option di...

Page 128: ...icable for transactions Ensure that you select By Queues in the Organize by field to organize occurrences by queues The field next to Organize by listbox displays the device ID for which the displayed queues are applicable If multiple devices are involved then this field provides you multiple options representing device IDs of multiple devices The following screen displays organization by five que...

Page 129: ...register transactions organized on the basis of reads and writes to AHCI port registers of the DUT The field next to Organize by listbox displays the AHCI device ID for which the displayed ports are applicable If multiple devices are involved then this field provides you multiple options representing device IDs of multiple devices The following screen displays organization by two ports 0 and 1 of ...

Page 130: ...hrough the occurrences of a particular type of transaction in the computed transaction data 1 From the Transaction Overview pane on the lower right select a transaction type whose occurrences you want to navigate and view The navigation bar in the Transaction Decode tab now displays the total number of occurrences found for the selected transaction type ...

Page 131: ...er For instance in the following screen the first occurrence of an NVMe Read transaction for Queue 4 is highlighted on double clicking its occurrence number in the right pane Navigating Between Transactions and their Associated Packets From a transaction listed in the Transaction Decode tab you can quickly navigate to the PCIe packet s exchanged for that particular transaction To accomplish this y...

Page 132: ...o A list of packets applicable for that transaction are displayed in a sequential order 3 Select a packet from this list The packet that you selected gets highlighted in the upper pane of the Protocol Viewer NOTE You can also quickly navigate from a PCIe packet displayed in the upper pane to its applicable transaction in the Transaction Decode tab To accomplish this you select the packet and then ...

Page 133: ...ransaction set 1 Right click a decoded transaction 2 Select Visualize Transaction from the context menu For instance in the following screen the NVMe Identify transaction has been visualized as a complete set of transactions In the above screen the transaction set for the NVMe Identify transaction begins with the SQDB Submission Queue Doorbell transaction followed by the SQ memory read and complet...

Page 134: ...nesting the completions within the read packets Packets Time Ordered option For each of the listed packets the following time related fields are displayed Timestamp This field is relative to the timestamp of the first packet displayed for the transaction set The first packet timestamp is taken as 0s Delta Time This field displays the difference between the timestamp of the currently selected packe...

Page 135: ...the administrative management level you can verify how the NVMe controller handles admin requests such as queue management requests For NVMe the Transaction Decode tab displays transactions for NVMe controller initialization such as Admin queue configuration NVMe Admin and I O commands submission and their responses completions MSI X interrupts initiations by controller NVMe I O submission and com...

Page 136: ...completion to return capabilities and status of a specific namespace You can further view the namespace capabilities returned by the Identify command by right clicking the NVMe Identify transaction and selecting Decode Payload You can also visualize how the data returned by the Identify command is stored in specific PRP entries by right clicking the transaction and selecting Visualize Transaction ...

Page 137: ...nalyzer User s Guide 137 Computing and Viewing Decoded Transactions 10 Viewing NVMe I O Command Transactions The following screen displays an NVMe Read transaction to read data from the starting LBA specified in the Read command ...

Page 138: ...the request entry from the base address of submission queue 1 then fetches the requested data from system memory then performs multiple Memory Writes to write this data to the applicable PRP entries for data transfer to host In the transaction following the NVMe Read transaction the controller updates the completion queue 1 with the status of the Read command completion ...

Page 139: ...he specific transaction sizes and the time taken to perform these transactions You can double click a transaction dot to navigate to the first packet of the corresponding transaction in the Protocol Viewer pane The chart lets you analyze if the size of a transaction is as per the expected size and analyze the performance in terms of time taken to complete it To view the transaction performance cha...

Page 140: ...the Items section To view and plot the NVMe Write type transaction performances on the scatter chart select the NVMe Write option from the Select item to chart list box 3 Click Compute The scattered chart showing the transaction performances is now displayed 4 You can change the default color of the dots in the Chart Color section 5 Hovering the cursor over the dots in the chart displays the exact...

Page 141: ... go back to the Transaction Decode tab Viewing a Complete Set of Transactions for a Command Submission and Completion The following screen displays a complete set of NVMe transactions between the host and controller This set of five transactions represents the steps involved in the NVMe Write command submission and completion process The following list describes the set of five transactions displa...

Page 142: ...ecific data structure format defined in NVMe specifications The Transaction Decode tab displays the decoded payload for such commands to present the data structure for such commands as per the defined format To view the decoded payload of an NVMe command 1 Right click the transaction displayed for the command in the Transaction Decode tab 2 Select Decode Payload The Decode Payload dialog box is di...

Page 143: ...est the PRP entry indicates the memory location from where the controller has to gather the data to be written to the system memory These addresses can be directly a memory location or a pointer to a location that provides a set of addresses of contiguous memory to perform large read write operations In the Transaction Decode tab you can view the PRP entries associated with a command that utilizes...

Page 144: ...d The displayed PRPs include a PRP entry representing an actual physical memory page a PRP representing a pointer to a page that defines a PRP List For such a PRP a set of PRP entries in a single page of contiguous memory are also displayed underneath multiple PRP lists for commands that require multiple PRP Lists for larger read writes The last PRP entry in the first list points to the next PRP l...

Page 145: ... Transactions 10 The decoded MSI X Table is displayed An MSI X index entry is associated to a completion queue at the time of creation of the queue You can view details about the MSI X index entry associated to a completion queue in the Completion Queues tab of the Setup dialog box ...

Page 146: ...r s Guide Each MSI X index entry in the MSI X table has a base address associated to it This is the address at which the controller writes the MSI X interrupt for the associated completion queue The following screen displays one such MSI X Interrupt transaction for the completion queue 1 ...

Page 147: ...e Transaction Decode Results on page 126 For AHCI the Transaction Decode tab displays transactions for PCIe Config space registers Generic host control registers Port specific registers SATA commands The following sections provide examples of these decoded AHCI transactions PCIe Configuration Space Registers Transactions Examples These transactions are PCIe Config Read and Write requests to variou...

Page 148: ...l registers NOTE The decoded transactions are a mix of PCIe Config generic host control port specific and SATA commands transactions If you are looking for specific PCIe config space transactions you may want to use the Overview pane on the right In this pane you can choose to organize the registers listing by Configuration Space Doing so displays the list of PCIe configuration space registers in ...

Page 149: ...ransactions Examples AHCI port specific registers such as PcCLB PxIS PxSACT and PxCDM are applicable for each port supported by an AHCI device The read and write transactions to these port registers are also displayed in the Transaction Decode tab The following screen displays some examples of such ports register accesses ...

Page 150: ...PCIe Config generic host control port specific and SATA commands transactions If you are looking for a particular type of port specific transactions you may want to use the Overview pane on the right In this pane you can choose to organize the registers listing by Ports Doing so displays the list of port registers in this pane and organize the transaction occurrences by ports You can then double c...

Page 151: ... ATA Command NOP super transaction 1 The first transaction is a memory write to the PxCI Port x Command Issue register to indicate that a command has been built in memory for a command slot 2 The second transaction is a memory read for the added command list entry 3 The third transaction is a memory read of the NOP command from the command table Example 2 Visualize the transaction set for a Write ...

Page 152: ...the appropriate slot 5 The fifth transaction is a PRD Table read transaction This transaction further expands to display the PRDT entry used for reading the transferred data 6 The last transaction in the set is a memory write for updating the Set Device Bits FIS This indicates the completion of the Write FPDMA Queued command For more information on visualize transaction refer to Visualizing a Tran...

Page 153: ...with the payload fields matching the information structure specified for the IDENTIFY DEVICE command in Serial ATA specifications The following screen displays the payload details of the IDENTIFY DEVICE command Viewing PRDT Entries for an ATA Command Physical Region Descriptor Table PRDT is a table of scatter gather list It has zero to many entries Each entry has a base address and byte counts in ...

Page 154: ...yed with applicable PRDT transactions and other related transactions for the ATA command In the following example the three transactions for reading the PRD table for the Read FPDMA Queued command are highlighted Clicking one of these PRDT transactions displays the raw payload for that PRDT Read transaction in the lower pane 3 Expand each of the displayed PRDT read transactions in the left to view...

Page 155: ...ng and Viewing Decoded Transactions 10 4 Clicking a PRDT entry displays the raw payload for the data transfer for the memory pointed to by that PRDT entry highlights the first PCIe packet utilized for data transfer for the memory pointed to by that PRDT entry ...

Page 156: ...10 Computing and Viewing Decoded Transactions 156 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 157: ...y Results 170 Navigating Through the Performance Summary Results 181 Customizing Charts 186 Exporting Performance Summary Charts Data to a csv or an Excel File 197 In the Protocol Viewer window you can generate and view the performance summary from a PCIe trace that you captured using the U4301A B Analyzer module This chapter describes how you can compute and view offline performance summary from ...

Page 158: ...rmance Overview tab displayed in the lower pane of the Protocol Viewer to compute and view performance summary This tab displays the performance data in the following two panes NOTE You do not need connectivity to the U4301 hardware module to generate performance summary from a captured PCIe trace NOTE The performance summary computations rely on having correct information in the captured PCIe tra...

Page 159: ...ed in the chart It also displays multiple Y axis which you select in the Setup dialog box To know about how to select and interpret multiple Y axis see Showing Hiding multiple Y axis on page 164 To select the performance parameters for which you want to displays charts you can Either select the checkboxes displayed with the individual performance parameters in the Statistics pane on the left Or se...

Page 160: ...r s Guide The following screen displays the Overlay view after you select and compute a range In the above screen charts for the Data Flow Control tree node and Bandwidth performance parameter are displayed Charts are represented by different colored dotted lines in both directions ...

Page 161: ...an zoom extents defined in charts When you change the pan zoom extents in charts the extent markers are automatically moved to changed extents Trigger Selecting Trigger in the data range ensures that performance summary is computed from the point where the U4301 module s trigger condition was met Markers Selecting markers in the data range ensures that performance summary is computed for the speci...

Page 162: ...utation 2 Select Place Marker from the displayed context menu and then select an existing marker or click New Marker to define a new marker at this point Once markers are defined these are available for selection in the Data Range group box of the Performance Overview tab Saving the Computed Performance Summary Data Once you computed the performance summary data you can save the performance config...

Page 163: ...e Open dialog box navigate to the Standard Configuration ala file in which you saved the data 3 Click Open Defining Chart Settings You can define settings for the overlay chart in the Setup tab of the Settings section and change the appearance of the displayed chart To access the Setup dialog box Click the Setup button under the Settings section The Setup dialog box appears as shown below NOTE You...

Page 164: ... in the overlay graph For example you can change the graph display type and color of the displayed series or you can show or hide the Y axis by selecting or de selecting the respective Y axis checkbox The following is the list of tasks that you can do using the Setup dialog box Showing Hiding multiple Y axis Select or de select the Y axis checkbox to show or hide the Y axis displayed in the chart ...

Page 165: ...ues displayed in the Performance Overview Setup dialog box are used for computations If you do not want the default or discovered InitFC values to be used you can edit these InitFC values in the Performance Overview Setup dialog box Make sure that you select the Use these InitFC values checkbox after setting these values You can define the maximum flow control credit limits for header and data flo...

Page 166: ...lculated values The minimum and maximum credit levels varies from one trace to other depending upon the size of the trace You can specify the Data InitFC values within the range 0 4095 You can specify Header InitFC values within the range 0 255 Specifying Min Max value for MSI and MSI X Address You can specify the minimum and maximum values for the Message Signaled Interrupt MSI MSI X address in t...

Page 167: ... column of the Setup dialog box The Parameter is the full name of the series and is comprised of the Direction Up or Down the Category name picked from the Performance Statistics tree table and the checked Series name Changing the appearance of the graph You can change the appearance of the graph representing the respective series listed in the Parameter column of the Setup dialog box To do so cli...

Page 168: ...he color combo box consisting of different colors and select the color of your choice Once all the settings are defined in the Setup dialog box click the Close button to apply those settings and exit from the dialog box Click the Reset button to restore the last settings done previously when you opened the Setup dialog box This resets the Axis Types and Colors to their previous state Clicking the ...

Page 169: ...nother way to change the color of the graph lines in the chart is to right click anywhere in the Charts area and select Show Color Picker Legend Window The Performance Color Picker Legend window is displayed which allows you to change colors as well as serves the purpose of a legend for the charts ...

Page 170: ...flow of data To know more refer to the topic Flow Control Bus Statistics Bandwidth GBits s Shows the number of non idle symbol bits transferred per second Data Throughput MBytes s Shows the number of TLP payload bytes transferred per second Payload Length DWords Shows the minimum maximum as well as average payload size for TLPs TLP Count TLPs s Shows the number of TLPs transferred per second Link ...

Page 171: ...kets are included Any Completions without Data packets found in the trace are ignored for this parameter s statistics calculations For instance in the following screen the Completion with Data packets are used for calculating the minimum maximum and average payload size for Completions In the absence of Completion with Data packets in the trace the Completion statistics is shown ...

Page 172: ... for that performance parameter To know more refer to From the Performance Statistics pane on page 184 Charts pane This pane displays charts for all the selected performance parameters listed in the statistics tree table Viewing Multiple Y axis in the Chart Pane The chart pane displays multiple Y axis if you select multiple Y axis checkbox in the Setup dialog box To know more see Showing Hiding mu...

Page 173: ...ta for downstream and upstream directions in charts To accomplish this click the Setup button under the Settings section Then click the Color drop down to select the color from the color palette To know more refer Changing the color of the Graph Line on page 168 Viewing Band Chart The lower section of the Chart pane displays the Band Chart You can view MSI Write Msg Assert_INT and Msg Deassert_INT...

Page 174: ...he right If you want o display only the charts pane you can select the Chart Only checkbox displayed in the Performance Overview tab Selecting the checkbox hides the Statistics pane Flow Control Flow Control computes and displays the available flow control credits from the data trace that has a bidirectional traffic It presents data as well as header flow control statistics and graphs and helps in...

Page 175: ...for non posted transactions HeaderFCCpl Bytes Shows the minimum maximum as well as average header flow control credit levels for Completions data Packets Memory Read Bytes Charts the size of Memory Read requests in each direction X and Y axes Memory Write Bytes Maps the size of Memory Write and MsgD packets in each direction Memory_CplD Bytes Charts the size of Memory completion with data packets ...

Page 176: ...ge of the Flow Control feature Example 1 The flow control charts represent the computed flow control credit level which is meant for how many bytes the receiver is ready to receive When the data is sent in a higher volume than the receiving capacity of the receiver there will be a continuous slow movement of data from transmitter to receiver This sometimes also leads to data loss In such scenarios...

Page 177: ...ed by Memory Write packets coming from the root occurred in the trace As displayed in the above graph the Maximum is near the beginning of the trace and the Flow Control credit level continuously drops down and reaches zero on the right side of the trace This too many credits difference may indicate problem in the credit update behavior of the DUT Example 2 In the following screen when memory comp...

Page 178: ... till any further credits are added into account Once the FC level is incremented with some value the same mechanism is repeated till all the packets are transmitted and received and FC level again comes to a zero value Example 3 In the start of the DMA buffer transfer the link credits are quickly exhausted and reaches to zero counter value because the buffer transfer runs at a higher rate in comp...

Page 179: ...The overlay chart is saved along with all the settings that you made to the graph displayed in the chart pane of Performance Overview tab such as selecting or deselecting various performance parameters in the Categories pane zooming or panning the chart making changes in the Setup dialog box etc To save the Overlay Chart 1 Click Favorite Charts button Save as 2 In the Save As dialog box specify th...

Page 180: ...mary 180 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide To view previously saved Overlay chart 1 Click Favorite Charts button Open 2 In the Open dialog box navigate to the cfv file name by which you saved the Overlay chart 3 Click Open ...

Page 181: ... in charts and use these markers to navigate to the PCIe packet associated with the chart location at which you placed a marker Markers placed in charts are correlated to markers displayed in the trace data in the upper pane of the Protocol Viewer This type of navigation is particularly useful when you notice a sudden variation in a chart and want to navigate to the exact trace position that corre...

Page 182: ...and its associated trace position in the upper pane To do so right click anywhere in a chart select Go To and then select the marker to which you want to navigate On doing so the chart display moves to the point at which the selected marker is located Also the trace position corresponding to the selected marker is highlighted in the upper pane NOTE If the markers are not displayed in charts click ...

Page 183: ...zoomed area in a Waveform Viewer or a Listing To accomplish this you can navigate using Extent Markers To navigate using Extent markers 1 Right click anywhere in the zoomed area in a chart and select Go To 2 Then select Begin Extent or End Extent to navigate to the PCIe data associated with the beginning or end of the zoomed area The applicable PCIe data is highlighted in the upper pane of Protoco...

Page 184: ...n of a particular statistical value of that performance parameter Such performance parameters for which navigation to the PCIe packet is applicable are displayed in blue color In the following screen the Message parameter in the downstream direction has a Min of 1 0 and Max of 1024 displayed in blue color Clicking these numbers navigate you to MsgD packets with lengths of 1 and 1024 DWords that is...

Page 185: ...does not show the exact value of the data packets as displayed in the upper pane of the Protocol Viewer window This is because the chart pane displays the graph of sampled series that represents an average value of all the packets transmitted during a particular micro second as defined in the sample rate field ...

Page 186: ...ne When you capture a data trace and sample it at defined sample rate to generate charts there may be repeated scenarios when no message packets are received during a particular slice of time while sampling the entire trace Such scenarios are represented in the graph by plotting glyphs at zero entry The glyphs plotted at zero which you see in the chart signifies no data packet received at that tim...

Page 187: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 187 Viewing Offline Performance Summary 11 Line Dash Line ...

Page 188: ...11 Viewing Offline Performance Summary 188 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide Dot Line Triangle Up Down ...

Page 189: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 189 Viewing Offline Performance Summary 11 Pyramid Up Down Perpendicular Up Down ...

Page 190: ...11 Viewing Offline Performance Summary 190 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide Dot Circle Box Square ...

Page 191: ...ange with The chart is displayed as per the changed chart type Showing Hiding the Chart Legend You can show or hide the chart legend by right clicking anywhere in the chart and then selecting Show Legend or Hide Legend as the case may be Showing Hiding the Band Chart NOTE Another way to view the chart legend as well as change the color of the graph lines in the chart is to right click anywhere in ...

Page 192: ... Guide You can show or hide the Band Chart displayed in the lower pane of the chart area To hide the Band Chart Right click anywhere in the chart location and then select Hide Band Chart To show the Band Chart Right click anywhere in the chart location and then select Show Band Chart ...

Page 193: ...d in the following screen Zooming In Out Charts You can zoom in or zoom out a defined area in the chart or the complete chart To zoom X Axis for a defined area in the chart 1 Click the Zoom X Axis option from the combo box displayed in the Pan and Zoom section of the charts pane to make it active 2 Move the mouse pointer to the chart location from which you want to begin zooming 3 Left click at th...

Page 194: ...eysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide Similarly you can zoom both X and Y axes of the defined area in the chart by selecting the Zoom Both Axes option from the combo box displayed in the Pan and Zoom section of the performance charts pane ...

Page 195: ...e Series Chart to Front If the chart displayed for a performance series is being obscured by the chart s displayed for other series you can move the chart of interest to the top of the display in the Charts pane To do this 1 Right click anywhere on a chart and select Move to Top 2 The context menu displays a list of currently displayed charts Select the particular chart that you want to move to th...

Page 196: ...ght U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide The selected chart is then moved to the front of the displayed charts NOTE You can select the None option from the Move to Top submenu to reset the chart s display back to its previously defined display depth ...

Page 197: ...rts data displayed in the Performance Overview tab to a specified csv or Excel file To export performance summary charts data 1 Click the Chart Data button in the Export section of the Performance Overview tab The Performance Overview Export dialog box is displayed 2 In the Data Range groupbox specify the start and end points of the captured PCIe data for which you want to export performance summa...

Page 198: ...ayed based on the link directions upstream as well as downstream A checkbox is displayed with each statistical value applicable for a performance parameter Select the checkboxes displayed with the performance parameters to define the data to be exported The performance data of only those parameters are exported for which you select the checkboxes 5 Click Export to Excel or Export to CSV as per you...

Page 199: ...r Test I interposer Describes a probing method where the probe is located between a slot and the PCI Express device under test M midbus probe Describes a probing method where Soft Touch footprints are designed into a DUT board between the controller and the device under test ...

Page 200: ...12 Glossary 200 Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide ...

Page 201: ...oser 199 L lane polarity inversion for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 30 lane reversal for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 29 license for decoding transactions 115 link type for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 24 link width for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 25 link specific triggers for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 64 long fine tune 45 long tune 44 LTSSM Overview pane 98 102 LTSSM state diagram 111 LTSSM states 98 102 M markers 116 162 markers in charts 9...

Page 202: ...rt 139 transactions set 141 trigger clear for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 65 trigger favorites for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 64 trigger on error 66 trigger options general for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 64 trigger position for PCIe Gen3 analyzer 64 tuning log 45 53 tuning PCIe Gen3 Analyzer U4301 37 tuning PCIe Gen3 Analyzer U4301 preparing for 41 U U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer 7 U4301_Performance_Viewer 157 U4321A solid slo...

Page 203: ...Keysight U4301 PCIe Gen3 Analyzer User s Guide 203 ...

Page 204: ...This information is subject to change without notice Keysight Technologies 2017 May 2017 U4301 97001 www keysight com ...

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