GSSI Profiler EMP-400 Manual Download

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Summary of Contents for Profiler EMP-400

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Page 2: ...luding the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form Published by Geophysical Survey Systems Inc 40 Simon Street Nashua New Hampshire 03060 3075 USA Printed in the United States SIR RADAN and UtilityScan are registered trademarks of Geophysical Survey Systems Inc ...

Page 3: ... to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Warning Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Note This equipment has been tested an...

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Page 7: ... 400 digital electromagnetic induction instrument 1 Low carry handle and mounting clamps 1 Hip height padded shoulder carrying strap and mounting straps 1 EMP 400 Recon 400 PDA mounting bracket and clamp 1 TDS Recon PDA with integrated Bluetooth service and WAAS GPS module 1 AC rechargeable power boot module for Recon 400 PDA 1 120 V AC re charger for Recon 400 power boot module See PDA manual for...

Page 8: ... bandwidth extends from 1 KHz to 16 KHz in 1 KHz steps The system s primary data output is the In Phase and Quadrature components of the mutual coupling field ratio of the transmitted field to the induced field in parts per million PPM at all frequencies and the apparent conductivity a at 15 kHz The magnitude of the In Phase and Quadrature components of the induced secondary field as well as the a...

Page 9: ...n expanded view of the Profiler electronics enclosure is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 The Profiler is powered by re chargeable Li Ion batteries The batteries are accessible via the removable battery pack located on the bottom of the electronics assembly ...

Page 10: ...tion time of the Li Ion battery on a single charge is 9 12 hours of continuous use when operating at one measurement per second at ambient temperature of 59 F to 95 15o C to 35o C Operation time of the Li Ion battery on a single charge is 18 hours when operating at one measurement per second at ambient temperature of 77 F 25o C Life expectancy is 300 charge discharge cycles The discharge temperatu...

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Page 12: ...ronics assembly board inside the removable battery pack enclosure The battery should be inserted so that the five 5 battery contact slots are facing UP Press gently on the top of the battery pack until the retaining springs click into place Be certain the clip locks have been rotated counter clockwise unlocked before pressing on the retaining springs The pack can be removed by gently pinching the ...

Page 13: ...ons and a 22 channel WAAS GPS receiver Available Profiler PDA user storage memory is 248 MB The system is capable of storing 500 000 readings in both continuous mode and discrete mode The PDA weighs 17 ounces 481 kg and has an operating temperature range of 22 F to 140 F 30 C to 60 C Storage temperature limits are 40 to 158 F 40 to 70 C Battery life is 500 charge discharge cycles typical if batter...

Page 14: ...The TDS Recon 400 has three 3 primary connectors One 1 AC battery charger connector One 1 D Shell RS 232 serial port connector and one 1 USB data port ...

Page 15: ...er should not modify these settings When using the AC rechargeable power boot module under normal operating conditions the Recon 400 should operate for up to 4 5 5 hours When using the WAAS GPS system operating time drops to 2 5 3 hours Operating the PDA with less than 25 battery power may result in intermittent loss of Bluetooth communication and potential loss of data GSSI recommends that the PD...

Page 16: ... accepts two 2 AA batteries Under normal operating conditions and with the appropriate batteries the AA power boot module will operate for approximately 2 3 hours When using the WAAS GPS the PDA operating time drops to 5 hours ...

Page 17: ... of the PDA can be adjusted for easy viewing by the operator The PDA mount incorporates a lockable ball joint and armature adjustment that allows the user to adjust the pitch and the angle of the PDA screen When the desired pitch and angle adjustment has been made use the ball joint locking lever to lock the PDA into position by moving the lever from the horizontal to vertical position Do not forc...

Page 18: ...mity to the ground surface The Profiler In Phase response will improve the closer it is to the ground surface The low carry handle is attached to the tube with the two screw clamps provided with the handle The low carry handle clamps and clamp screws are illustrated Figure 13 ...

Page 19: ...e handle height by removing the rubber handle screw and repositioning the rubber handle in one of the three 3 pre drilled holes in the carry handle The level of the instrument can be adjusted by loosening the two handle level screws beneath the handle and adjusting the handle until the handle and EMP 400 are level The handle level can be checked by placing the Profiler on a flat surface and the ha...

Page 20: ...The EMP 400 is supplied with a remote RF key fob for remote Start Stop of Profiler during data acquisition and for placing fiducial marks in data files collected in the Continuous mode ...

Page 21: ...m setup and data acquisition insert a fully charged Profiler Li ION battery into the removable battery pack see Section 1 4 Profiler Removable Battery Pack Turn ON the Profiler The Green power status light next to the Profiler power switch will illuminate The Blue Bluetooth communication status lights will also illuminate Turn ON the PDA by pressing the PDA Power ON OFF button ...

Page 22: ... program the RECON 400 will display the PROFILER splash screen Beneath the splash screen a Blue progress bar will appear When initialization is complete the progress bar and splash screen will disappear and the Main menu will be displayed ...

Page 23: ...f and the current system time are displayed If the User has stored a previously saved setup it can be recalled by selecting Recall Setup and then selecting the desired setup number Thirty 30 User defined setups can be stored in the PDA memory Once system setup is complete the User can store the setup for future use by selecting Save Setup from the Main menu and select a setup number ...

Page 24: ...up and the system calibration parameters are NOT saved in a Saved setup If the User is using a GPS a GPS test must be conducted with the Internal or External GPS to assess the GPS signal condition and GPS validity If the operator is using an external GPS system it should be connected to the PDA serial communications port at this time The User must also perform a system calibration prior to data co...

Page 25: ...ted and the units English or Metric are all useful information to archive This information may be entered into the PDA by selecting Review Parameters This field can contain alphanumeric information about the survey being conducted This information will be used to create a Project folder in the Profiler DATA directory on the PDA into which all the data files will be written This field can contain a...

Page 26: ...atically reset when the PDA is turned off or data is transferred from the PDA by the user This field displays the date and time This field is not updated automatically Prior to beginning data collection the User must select the Date field This will update the date and time the current system time set on the PDA This field displays the linear units that will be used in the Grid Config menu for the ...

Page 27: ...l or Orientation This allows the user to quickly change any acquisition parameters if survey requirements change The Grid Configuration menu can be accessed directly from this menu by selecting the Grid Type X Coordinates Y Coordinates Traverse Step or Line Spacing The User should check the parameters in the Diagnostics menu to ensure that the system is properly configured by selecting Main Diagno...

Page 28: ...information on the Firmware version number installed on your Profiler This field is for information purposes only and cannot be changed or accessed by the User This function can only be accessed with a GSSI supplied installation update file Slection of this field opens the Systems Calibrations menu where the User must perform several required calibration functions prior to data collection ...

Page 29: ...ge 27 The Screen Colors menu allows the User to customize all of the system setup menus tool bar labels and background colors Customization of the system displays is entirely up to the User In some cases it may be desirable to change the colors of certain fields to enhance the menu display in high or low ambient light conditions Both the Text and Background color of the Edit Box Header Label and f...

Page 30: ...n Border the border around the Function button Focus Text active menu selections under the function Button and Focus Backgr the background behind the Focus Text allow the user to further customize the function Buttons as desired GSSI recommends that the User experiment with these functions Once the desired colors have been chosen select Save At any time the User may return the system to the defaul...

Page 31: ...User can change the color map table by tapping on the color table The Dot Size allows the User to adjust the color dot size displayed on the screen in the Free Way GPS collection mode When the User is satisfied with the color s select Save Colors OK from the PDA Status Bar to return to the Display Preferences menu GSSI recommends that the User avoid selecting light grey or gray as data display col...

Page 32: ...umber when operated in the continuous mode The screen will automatically scroll to the left one half the display width when the plotted line graph data reaches the right hand edge of the data display This parameter allows the User to change the data display scale from linear to logarithmic It is often useful to collect a test transect across the site after the calibration is performed and the In P...

Page 33: ...is function tap in the box next to MAP SMOOTHING The Data Smoothing filter is a 5 point center weighted triangular filter applied to the data during data collection The User has the option to enable or disable this function to ensure high quality data When the User has made the appropriate selections select OK to return to the Diagnostics menu ...

Page 34: ...ting system response and for setting the data display limits and does not wish to save the data the User can turn Save Data OFF by selecting this option This field will toggle between ON X and OFF If the User turns the Save Data Off and the Profiler and PDA are powered down the system will power on with the Save Data Off The User must turn On the Save Data before conducting a survey The Beep funct...

Page 35: ... number of satellites is equal to or greater then 3 the GPS solution is valid When no conditions are applied to the Validity the GPS is always valid This setting is not recommended This field displays the GPS calculated Latitude This field displays the GPS calculated Longitude GPS Coordinated Universal Time The number of satellites from which the GPS system is currently receiving a signal The UTC ...

Page 36: ...with an external GPS the external GPS COM output must be configured as follows 8 bits N No parity 1 stop bit BAUD 4800 The data output rate from an external GPS should be set to 1 HZ This is the default BAUD setting for the External GPS Com port The Profiler PDA can be configured for either 4800 or 9600 Baud For Users who have the Profiler software installed in a Trimble GeoXT or GeoXH hand held G...

Page 37: ...m The User should consult their GPS Manual for instructions on how to configure the output COM port of their GPS system The Profiler PDA will only accept an RS 232 null modem serial connection from an external GPS The external GPS must have a Serial COM port output or a USB to Serial adapter for the output COMM line The Profiler is designed to accept a NMEA GGA string see Appendix A for an example...

Page 38: ... parameter allows the User to collect time based data i e a given number of readings per unit of time When collecting one 1 frequency the maximum data collection rate is 0 25 sec When collecting two 2 frequencies the maximum data collection rate is 0 5 sec When collecting three 3 frequencies the maximum data collection rate is 75 sec In Continuous mode data collection is initiated by selecting Sta...

Page 39: ...not utilize any survey grid information Data is stored with only GPS positioning data Interval is the time interval in seconds or fractions thereof between successive readings when operating the Profiler in the Continuous mode If the User is collecting data in the Continuous mode select the desired time interval When satisfied with the selection select OK from the PDA Status Bar to return to the S...

Page 40: ...REQ 3 first and then tap None on the Select Frequency list and then tap OK on the PDA Status Bar menu or press OK on the PDA keypad This sequence is then repeated with FREQ 2 This parameter writes the orientation of the transmitter and receiver dipoles used during data collection into the Profiler file header The User may select either the Vertical Dipole Mode VDM or the Horizontal Dipole Mode HDM...

Page 41: ... was calibrated For example if the User selects the Vertical Dipole Mode in the Orientation menu and then rotates the EMP 400 45 the PDA will display a Profiler Tilt Error message If the User selects the Horizontal Dipole Mode in the Orientation menu and then rotates the EMP 400 45 the PDA will display a Profiler Tilt Error message If the instrument is in the Vertical Dipole mode and is rotated 18...

Page 42: ...two If the User is collecting one frequency at one 1 reading per second the Stacking is automatically set to eight If the User is collecting one 1 frequency at four reading per second the Stacking is automatically set to one In the Stationary mode the User selected values are one 1 no stacking through 64 Select Stacking from the Select Parameters menu The selection field will increment through the...

Page 43: ...DM the User should mesure from the ground surface to the center of the coil cover s Collecting Apparent Conductivity Data When the objective of the survey is to collect apparent conductivity a data the Profiler should be operated with the low carry handle and at least one 1 of the transmit frequencies must be 15 kHz The algorithm that converts the Quadrature values to apparent conductivity has bee...

Page 44: ...e values may be innacurate when operated between 12 and 20 inches 30 5 and 50 8 Centimeters Due to this calibration issue the Magnetic Susceptibility output for the current version of the software has been disabled Select Field Calibration and tap the screen or press the Enter key of the PDA ...

Page 45: ...uld never carry wireless devices e g cell phones personal data assistants etc during calibration or system operation If using an external GPS the User should carry wear the GPS system while performing the Operator Calibration The User should not wear steel toed boots when calibrating or operating the Profiler Enter the Height in feet or meters at which the survey data will be collected Pick up the...

Page 46: ... This calibration has been performed at GSSI If the User selects the Free Space Cailbration the system will issue the following warning If this warning should appear the User should select No If the User inadvertently selects Yes the Profiler will immediately begin the Free Space Calibration procedure The User must let this procedure run until completion If the User attempts to terminate the calib...

Page 47: ... event of system calibration failure or corruption or deletion of the system calibration file the Profiler will prompt the user with the error message FAILED TO OPEN PROFILER PARAMS FILE or FAILED TO OPEN CALIBRATION FILE If the User is prompted with this warning the backup calibration and parameter files will have to be re loaded into the PDA My Windows Mobile Based Device Program Files Profiler ...

Page 48: ...zero levels The Profiler has been designed to identify noisy line frequency bands The Line Frequency selection enables either the 50 Hz or 60 Hz line frequency filter The User should select the appropriate line frequency filter setting for the region in which they are operating e g in the U S the filter setting should be 60 Hz in Japan and Europe this filter setting should be set to 50 Hz Select S...

Page 49: ...he Set In Phase Zero display field will now change to Stop Profiler The User should wait approximately 10 20 seconds for the values to stabilize i e the rate of change in In Phase values will decrease Once the In Phase signals have stabilized select Stop Profiler Tap SET in the Set In Phase Zero Level menu ...

Page 50: ...l set the In Phase Zero Levels to 1 The Set In Phase Zero Level procedure can then then be repeated The Grid Config menu contains all of the entry fields for user selectable grid configuration parameters including the coordinates for the survey limits the distance between instrument readings and the spacing between successive transects To access this menu select Main Grid Config XMIN page 45 XMAX ...

Page 51: ...alue field next to each parameter The PDA on screen keyboard will pop up at the bottom of the menu display To enter numeric information select the numeric keypad function on the keyboard by selecting the 123 box on the upper left corner of the keyboard The minimum coordinate for the X axis This value can be negative or positive The maximum coordinate for the X axis This value can be negative or po...

Page 52: ...is collected in Continuous mode this is essentially an estimate We recommend that when collecting data in the Continuous mode that the user conducts a test transect to determine how many actual readings are acquired for a particular data rate and user pace along a transect The User can then adjust the Spacing value that more closely reflects the actual distance between readings As with Step see ex...

Page 53: ...ns available to the User The label convention is as follows X axis profiling starting at the left bottom LB corner of the survey grid with all transects proceeding in the same direction unidirectional X axis profiling starting in the left bottom LB corner of the survey grid with lines collected in a zigzag Z fashion All of the icons on the left of the display are for surveys conducted in one 1 dir...

Page 54: ...zigzag direction For example yRBZ indicates Y axis profiling conducted in zigzag Z fashion starting from the right bottom RB of the survey grid After selecting the appropriate grid type icon select OK from the PDA Status Bar or PDA keypad to return to the Grid Config menu This field displays the linear units that the User selected for the survey Once all acquisition parameters have been selected i...

Page 55: ... the Profiler for data collection the User should navigate to the Collect Data menu To begin data collection the User should select Start Data Collection The PDA screen will change to the data display screen The screen will display the chart format selected by the User and the transmit frequencies selected by the User The data collection screen will also display the Project folder which the User s...

Page 56: ...e top of the screen The system will also display the Traverse type X Tr selected by the User in the Grid Config menu The Profiler data collection can be run in three 3 different GPS display modes during data collection DISABLED TRAJECTORY and FREE WAY The User must select the GPS display mode prior to starting data collection The first mode is GPS DISPLAY DISABLED In the disabled mode the data dis...

Page 57: ...29 00 and grid type XTr The GPS status indicator in the upper left of the data collection screen is red indicating that there is no GPS signal The SAVE IMG SAVE IMAGE can be tapped by the User with the PDA stylus to save a JPG file of the current screen As data collection proceeds the TRAJECTORY screen will be continuously updated When the User reaches the end of the line they must select OK from ...

Page 58: ...r should then select Continue Data Collection to restart data collection on the new line If the User taps the data collection screen the Trajectory will now display the updated position on the grid The data collection Run Time menu provides the User with a number of functions that can be performed during data collection ...

Page 59: ...tion If the User is placing fiducial marks in the data it is crucial that the value entered into the Mark Spacing field in the Grid Config menu is the same the distance at which marks are entered during data collection MagMap2000 uses these fiducial marks to perform linear interpolation i e rubbersheeting of data collected in the continuous mode If the value entered for Mark Spacing is incorrect M...

Page 60: ...ay adjust the displayed area Zoom or Shift during data collection The data collected in the levels mode uses only the GPS position data to draw the color map display data point locations The spacing between survey lines may or may not be consistent nor accurately reflect the line spacing as set in the Grid Config menu The accuracy of the color map display depends upon the size of the survey area t...

Page 61: ...st confirm that the GPS solution is Valid by conducting sa GPS TEST Once the User has established the GPS solution is valid the User should navigate to the Collect Data menu and select the GPS DISPLAY type Levels ...

Page 62: ...ositioned based upon GPS information only The system does not use any of the Grid Config parameters to draw the data to the screen In addition the file is saved as one continuous line of data Survey line numbers and grid position information station numbers are not saved to the file The User should then navigate to the Display Preferences menu and select Data Display Colors ...

Page 63: ...s the Levels display functions is outline in red in the figure below The Color Map Range allows the User to select three different color map scales or ranges These are applied to the data component In Phase Quadrature or Conductivity selected for display These include the standard rainbow display which contains 256 color bins the coarse rainbow display which contains 128 color bins ...

Page 64: ...ase Quadrature or Conductivity The Dot Size parameter allows the User to adjust the size of the color map node on the data collection color map display The dot size paramter will be scaled to the display scale width as set by the User in the Grid Config menu The Dot Size will generally have to be adjusted or tweaked during the start of the survey to obtain a smooth color distribution ...

Page 65: ...The User may change the color dot size by selecting the left or right arrows with the PDA stylus The Color Dot size will increment and decrement in steps of 2 in feet or meters ...

Page 66: ...creen however the system will not start until the User presses the Enter key again The system will then begin to collect data Once the system begins to collect data the User should immediately tap the PDA screen to change from the Line Bar graph data dispay to the Color Map display and begin to walk along the starting transect The Profiler will display the first five 5 to ten 10 readings in the ce...

Page 67: ... left of the display The User may save a bitmap image of the current display by tapping the SAVE IMG field on the Y vertical axis at any time during data collection The User will in most cases have to conduct several initial test transects in order to adjust the dot size in order to generate a smooth display The spacing of the dots will depend upon the speed of data acquisition the scale of the di...

Page 68: ... and that the color dots from the adjacent transects do not overlap When conducting surveys over large areas this does not usually present an interpretation problem however over smaller areas it is advisable to adjust the dot size so that the transects overlap After re starting data collection with the new dot size and continuing with the survey the User may still find that gaps as well as overlap...

Page 69: ... the display by pressing the left right and up or down arrow keys on the PDA keypad This function allows the User to continue to collect data beyond the limits of the initial grid dimensions entered in the Grid Config menu In the example below we have shifted the Y axis 10 ft to the south and the X axis 10 feet to the east and have continued data collection outside the extents of the original 50 X...

Page 70: ...When the User has completed the survey they may select SAVE IMG on the vertical axis of the color map display to save a bitmap image of the color map display ...

Page 71: ...was collected with User grid parameters Select Main Review Data Project page 65 File page 66 REVIEW LAST FILE page 66 REVIEW page 66 DELETE PROJECTS page 68 DELETE FILES page 69 To select the appropriate Project folder tap Project The PDA will then display the stored project folders ...

Page 72: ...r project directory Once the desired Project has been selected the project name will appear in the Project field The User may then select the desired file s Tap File and select the desired file name to Review the file Once a file has been selected the Select Data Value screen will be displayed ...

Page 73: ...ansmit frequency FREQ 1 through FREQ 3 and F_Strength for either the In Phase or Quadrature components or Conductivity and then select PLOT The system will now generate a contour plot The User will note that the display provides no contour level information This display is designed to provide the operator with a quick look at the data in the field in order to identify possible features of interest...

Page 74: ...r map as an bmp file tap Save in the bottom right corner of the Review Data Contour Plot display This file will be written into the active Project folder To delete a project folder select Review Data Delete Projects The User may delete single projects by selecting the box next to the project to be deleted or the user can Select All and all of the projects in the user memory will be deleted Project...

Page 75: ... to the files to be deleted and then tap Delete To delete all of the files Select All and all of the files in the current working project folder will be deleted when Delete is tapped Files can also be deleted by connecting the PDA to a PC via ActiveSync selecting the appropriate Project folder and deleting the appropriate files from the folder There is NO user protection in this menu display The s...

Page 76: ...ile function To shut down the data collection interface after completion of the survey return to the Main menu and tap OK on the PDA status bar The system will then display the program exit screen To escape from the program tap Exit If you selected OK on the PDA status bar inadvertently while in the Main menu tap Cancel and the system will return you to the Main menu ...

Page 77: ... following URL The User should also have installed the MagMap2000 software which was supplied with the system Additional 3rd party software such as ArcheoSurveyor GEOSOFT or SURFER are commonly used for data processing and the gridding and contouring of EM data To transfer data the User must first connect the USB cable supplied with your Profiler to the PDA The USB cable has a flat A type USB conn...

Page 78: ... interface is designed to access the Profiler storage memory It is necessary to install Windows Mobile ActiveSync in order for the File Transfer Utility to function correctly Prior to transferring data to the PC the User should create a destination folder for the data on their PC Upon connection of the PDA to the computer the system will display the Windows Mobile Device Center menu OR the Pocket ...

Page 79: ...If the PC has Windows Mobile installed the User should select Connect without Setting up your Device The User should then select File Management The User should select Browse the contents of your device ...

Page 80: ...The system will now display the Recon PDA as a drive The User should then browse the PDA to the system root and open the PROFILER folder ...

Page 81: ...TA folder The User should open the DATA folder and then open the desired project folder COMMON is the default Profiler project folder The User should open the desired project folder and COPY or MOVE the Profiler files to the desired location on their PC ...

Page 82: ...edited in MapMap 2000 or Surfer After any edits are made the operator must remember to save the file as an dat file type The EMI file is recognized by MagMap2000 as a native file type MagMap2000 has been modified to read the EMP400 file header MagMap 2000 will automatically perform linear interpolation on data collected with the EMP 400 in the Continuous mode An example EMP400___00 EMI file is ill...

Page 83: ...ActiveSync will then connect the PDA and PC and the ActiveSync connection window will appear To access the PDA system and memory select the Explore icon This will access the Mobile Device window ...

Page 84: ...hould not access and files or directories in the PDA root directory other than the Profiler file folder Some files in the PDA root directory are required system files or log files These files should not be opened moved or deleted from the PDA root directory GSSI assumes no responsibility for the proper operation of the EMP 400 if any of these files have been accessed moved or deleted ...

Page 85: ...400 It is converted to an ASCII text type file upon transfer from the PDA It may be opened in EXCEL as a comma separated variable file CSV file It is suggested that EXCEL be used only to review the EMI data file If it is necessary to edit the file GSSI recommends that the file first be converted to an dat file in the MagMap program This file can then be opened and edited in MapMap 2000 or Surfer A...

Page 86: ...16 is an example of a multi frequency file collected with a GPS system All of the data acquisition and grid parameter information is written in the header above the data The header is separated from the data section of the file by the signs The GPS information latitude longitude and elevation ALT is written inside the EMI file In this example they are found in columns S T and U ...

Page 87: ...f all Profiler GPS files is standard NMEA GGA format This file is compatible with the MagMap2000 GPS Conversion and Processing functions It can also be converted to other co ordinate types by the User in MagMap2000 and with the appropriate formulas in Microsoft Excel ...

Page 88: ... in the Review Data menu of the PDA Prior to transferring data to the PC the User should create a destination folder for the data Once the folder has been created on the PC the user simply has to use the Windows copy paste or move functions to copy or move data from the PDA to the destination folder on the PC ...

Page 89: ...ngle files groups of files entire project folders and or specific file types e g binary dzb files ASCII EMI files or GPS files The Project Transfer button allows the user to transfer complete project folders prj from the PDA to the PC The File Transfer button allows the user to transfer selected files EMI GPS or DZB from the PDA to the PC The PC Directory button allows the user to select the targe...

Page 90: ...data with EMP 400 data Once the User has transferred the Profiler files to the computer open MagMap2000 by clicking the MagMap2000 icon located on your desktop To open an EMI file select the file Open tab from the Main menu Using the Look In Directory search bar select the directory where the files were stored Upon first opening the program the User may have to select the Files of Type box located...

Page 91: ...ion comprises data stored in the file header If the User is satisfied that the information in the file header is correct select OK If the data was collected in Continuous mode MagMap2000 will read the information in the grid information origin location grid type X and Y origin location transect spacing and mark spacing and will generate an interpolated grid of the collected data If marks user or f...

Page 92: ...nce between the marks has been set at 50 the line length In this figure the green squares correspond to the beginning of each transect the red squares correspond to the end of each transect The location of each data point is indicated by a dot and the direction in which each transect was collected in is indicated by a or a arrow The origin coordinates 0 00 0 00 and the line end coordinates X 50 00...

Page 93: ... choice by using the Select Output Path File Name tab After designating a file name and the target directory for the export file select Export Now In this example we have chosen a SURFER dat file type This interpolated file is now ready to be gridded and contoured This example data file shows interpolated X position data in column A and Y line data in column B for the positions of each data point ...

Page 94: ... Open tab from the Main menu Using the Look In Directory search bar select the directory in which the EMP400 EMI files were saved Upon first opening the program the User may have to select the Files of Type box in the file open dialog box and select the GSSI Profiler EMI file type before the system will recognize EMI files Once the User has selected a file to process the MagMap2000 program will op...

Page 95: ...rrows superimposed on the blue squares indicate the direction in which the transects were acquired In some cases during the course of an EM survey using GPS the GPS system may drop a fix or in the case of a system receiving a DGPS correction signal the GPS system may lose signal lock or the update period for the DGPS correction signal may be exceeded In these instances MagMap 2000 will log the las...

Page 96: ...l degrees geographical coordinates to UTM coordinates Select GPS for the MagMap2000 toolbar and then select UTM Setup To convert to UTM coordinates select the Enable UTM transformation box This function allows the User to turn the UTM transformation on or off When it is turned off MagMap2000 will use geographical coordinates MagMap2000 will use the given parameters to calculate UTM parameters when...

Page 97: ... User has not selected Autoset projection parameters the User must fill this value in This value has a large affect on the UTM coordinates generated due to the non uniformity of a particular ellipsoid It can be quickly estimated as the value of the longitude however the User should look it up The UTM system uses zone code instead of specific projections Each zone has a central meridian Zone 14 for...

Page 98: ...6E 072E 13 105W 108W 102W 43 075E 072E 078E 14 099W 102W 096W 44 081E 078E 084E 15 093W 096W 090W 45 087E 084E 090E 16 087W 090W 084W 46 093E 090E 096E 17 081W 084W 078W 47 099E 096E 102E 18 075W 078W 072W 48 105E 102E 108E 19 069W 072W 066W 49 111E 108E 114E 20 063W 066W 060W 50 117E 114E 120E 21 057W 060W 054W 51 123E 120E 126E 22 051W 054W 048W 52 129E 126E 132E 23 045W 048W 042W 53 135E 132E 1...

Page 99: ...s In most cases it is advisable to let the program automatically set the UTM parameters since an incorrect value for the prime meridian can seriously affect how the data will appear on the display If the User is satisfied with the UTM conversion settings select OK The MagMap2000 GPS Smooth Position allows the User to smooth the GPS data and eliminates spikes in the GPS position data MagMap2000 use...

Page 100: ...ill be displayed This dialog box lists all of the lines in the survey in this example 19 The User will also see a series of parameters that can be set to manipulate the magnitude and type of smoothing This dialog box allows the User to set the smoothing parameters for each line Any of the parameters may be selected and modified except Line The parameters are ...

Page 101: ...will smooth the despiked data This enables the User to turn on a higher degree of smoothing This will be performed after the first despiking and smoothing have been performed This controls the degree of smoothing for the second pass smoothing the higher the value the greater the degree of smoothing The User can also change the parameters for an individual line by selecting the line number and then...

Page 102: ...es 8 and 9 middle of the map by applying another pass of smoothing with a higher smoothing parameter Once the User has selected Close Apply the changes to the GPS positions are permanently applied and cannot be undone To undo changes to the GPS positions the User would have to reload the original file and re smooth the data The smoothed data is illustrated in Figure 135 For other tips on smoothing...

Page 103: ...st three satellites is enough to know where you approximately are on the earth Four or more satellites are required for higher accuracy Getting the travel time from 6 or more satellites greatly decreases the uncertainty of your position Typically around buildings and trees you might see six satellites plenty to know where you are to within 3 meters The degree of precision depends on many things li...

Page 104: ...ing integrity information for each satellite s signal and is equivalent or better than RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring thereby improving the accuracy of the standard GPS signal by approximately 5 times The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System EGNOS is the European equivalent to this United States system In Asia it s the Japanese Multi Functional Satellite Augmentation Sys...

Page 105: ...a SEE The National Marine Electronics Association NEMA has generated a standard set of messages for communicating GPS information The EMP 400 uses the NMEA 0183 version 2 1 protocols The Profiler EMP 400 WAAS GPS receiver has been configured to send a GGA message string and the PDA will accept only a GGA message string No other NMEA strings are supported for the Profiler by GSSI ...

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Page 107: ... 2 Diff GPS fix 7 Number of satellites in use not those in view 8 Horizontal dilution of position 9 Antenna altitude above below mean sea level geoid 10 Meters Antenna height unit 11 Geoidal separation Diff between WGS 84 earth ellipsoid and mean sea level geoid is below WGS 84 ellipsoid 12 Meters Units of geoidal separation 13 Age in seconds since last update from diff reference station 14 Diff r...

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Page 109: ...ficult of the survey objectives The required level of survey coverage that will provide adequate information to meet the most difficult survey objective will generally be more than sufficient to meet the requirements of other secondary goals The frequency ies of operation spatial sampling density the mode of operation i e the instrument geometry and in some cases the speed at which the data is col...

Page 110: ...ollection of data This assures that an operator can maintain a steady constant walking pace during data collection and maintain steady orientation of the instrument Once all available information regarding the site has been collected and evaluated the investigator can proceed to the survey grid setup Survey grid setup requires the following tools Survey Tapes preferably three double sided tapes wi...

Page 111: ... baseline direction is defined as east The easiest way to lay out an orthogonal grid is to use the right triangle method This assures that the baseline and transect lines are at right angles to each other and that the survey grid is square This is achieved by laying out two survey tapes to a distance that is approximately 25 50 of the actual survey gird size at approximately right angles to each o...

Page 112: ...distance along the survey or transect line is the station or station number If the baseline is oriented north then the survey direction is east In this illustration the baseline is east and the survey direction is both north and east It is best practice to collect data in both directions The survey grid should be laid out in such a fashion that the survey lines are normal i e perpendicular to the ...

Page 113: ...nd course to fine grain inter bedded sand and silt Historical records indicate that the site has seen significant modification and that most of the native subsurface materials have been re distributed removed and or replaced by heterogeneous fill materials of variable composition Review of available records indicates that masses of buried paint cans have been buried in shallow 4 ft deep trenches o...

Page 114: ...gic feature such as a conductive dike In line survey transects can then be collected perpendicular to the trend strike of the target reducing possible asymmetries in the target response As the transmitter and receiver are on separate transects data collected along a survey transect in the broadside orientation will cover a larger area than a traverse collected in the in line orientation for an ins...

Page 115: ...ile to prompt you with the Pocket PC Sync Setup Wizard Select Cancel as you do not want to establish a sync relationship between the PDA and your computer ActiveSync will then connect the PDA and PC and the ActiveSync connection window will appear When connection is established the ActiveSync window will display Connected Access the PDA Operating system and memory by selecting the Explore icon Thi...

Page 116: ... now select the Program Files folder This will allow access to the Profiler Program folder The user should now select the Profiler folder This folder contains the following PROFILER PRM PROFILER CAL indicates serial number of the Profiler EMP 400 The files PROFILER PRM and PROFILER CAL are the system calibration files ...

Page 117: ...p PROFILER CAL and PROFILER PRM from their PC to the Profiler Program Files folder Upon transfer of the calibration files from the PC to the PDA the system will prompt the User with a file conversion request The User should select OK when prompted with this request The Calibration files have now been replaced The User can now disconnect the PC from the PDA by disconnecting the USB ActiveSync cable...

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Page 119: ...eonics Ltd 8 Mississauga Ont CANADA Olhoeft G R 1975 Electrical properties of rocks In The Physics and Chemistry of Rocks and Minerals pp 261 278 J Wiley Sons N Y Parasnis D S 1966 Electromagnetic prospecting C W techniques GeoExploration 4 pp 177 208 Spies B R 1989 Depth of investigation of electromagnetic sounding methods Geophysics 48 pp 872 888 Wait J R 1951 The magnetic dipole over the horizo...

Page 120: ...demic Press Inc N Y Ward S H and Hohmann G W 1987 Electromagnetic theory for geophysical applications in Nabighian M N Ed Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics Vol 1 pp 131 311 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Tulsa OK Westerberg 1965 The Boom Slingram A new portable EM instrument for ore prospecting GeoExploration 3 pp 149 154 ...

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