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2.1.2
UNDERFREQUENCY PROTECTION LOGIC
F<1 Trip
F<1 Trip
F<1 Status
F<1 Status
V00861
Freq
Freq
DT
F<1 Start
F<1 Start
&
Enabled
Enabled
F<1 Setting
F<1 Setting
Freq Not Found
Freq Not Found
Averaging
Averaging
F<1 Timer Block
F<1 Timer Block
All Poles Dead
All Poles Dead
1
890
1370
1149
1155
1161
Figure 118: Underfrequency logic (single stage)
If the frequency is below the setting and not blocked the DT timer is started. If the frequency cannot be
determined, the function is blocked.
2.1.3
APPLICATION NOTES
2.1.3.1
SETTING GUIDELINES
In order to minimise the effects of underfrequency, a multi-stage load shedding scheme may be used with the
plant loads prioritised and grouped. During an underfrequency condition, the load groups are disconnected
sequentially, with the highest priority group being the last one to be disconnected.
The effectiveness of each load shedding stage depends on the proportion of power deficiency it represents. If the
load shedding stage is too small compared with the prevailing generation deficiency, then there may be no
improvement in the frequency. This should be taken into account when forming the load groups.
Time delays should be sufficient to override any transient dips in frequency, as well as to provide time for the
frequency controls in the system to respond. These should not be excessive as this could jeopardize system
stability. Time delay settings of 5 - 20 s are typical.
The protection function should be set so that declared frequency-time limits for the generating set are not
infringed. Typically, a 10% underfrequency condition should be continuously sustainable.
2.2
OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION
An increased system frequency arises when the mechanical power input to a generator exceeds the electrical
power output. This could happen, for instance, when there is a sudden loss of load due to tripping of an outgoing
feeder from the plant to a load centre. Under such conditions, the governor would normally respond quickly to
obtain a balance between the mechanical input and electrical output, thereby restoring normal frequency.
Overfrequency protection is required as a backup to cater for cases where the reaction of the control equipment is
too slow.
2.2.1
OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION IMPLEMENTATION
Simple overfrequency Protection is configured in the FREQ PROTECTION column of the relevant settings group.
The device provides 2 stages of overfrequency protection. The function uses the following settings (shown for
stage 1 only - other stages follow the same principles).
●
F>1 Status: enables or disables underfrequency protection for the relevant stage
●
F>1 Setting: defines the frequency pickup setting
●
F>1 Time Delay: sets the time delay
P54A/B/C/E
Chapter 11 - Frequency Protection Functions
P54xMED-TM-EN-1
239
Summary of Contents for P4A
Page 2: ......
Page 20: ...Contents P54A B C E xviii P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 27: ...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...
Page 28: ...Chapter 1 Introduction P54A B C E 2 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 38: ...Chapter 1 Introduction P54A B C E 12 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 39: ...CHAPTER 2 SAFETY INFORMATION ...
Page 40: ...Chapter 2 Safety Information P54A B C E 14 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 52: ...Chapter 2 Safety Information P54A B C E 26 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 53: ...CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE DESIGN ...
Page 54: ...Chapter 3 Hardware Design P54A B C E 28 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 86: ...Chapter 3 Hardware Design P54A B C E 60 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 87: ...CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESIGN ...
Page 88: ...Chapter 4 Software Design P54A B C E 62 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 99: ...CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION ...
Page 100: ...Chapter 5 Configuration P54A B C E 74 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 120: ...Chapter 5 Configuration P54A B C E 94 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 121: ...CHAPTER 6 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION ...
Page 122: ...Chapter 6 Current Differential Protection P54A B C E 96 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 149: ...CHAPTER 7 AUTORECLOSE ...
Page 150: ...Chapter 7 Autoreclose P54A B C E 124 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 207: ...CHAPTER 8 CB FAIL PROTECTION ...
Page 208: ...Chapter 8 CB Fail Protection P54A B C E 182 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 219: ...CHAPTER 9 CURRENT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...
Page 220: ...Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions P54A B C E 194 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 244: ...Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions P54A B C E 218 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 247: ...CHAPTER 10 VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...
Page 248: ...Chapter 10 Voltage Protection Functions P54A B C E 222 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 261: ...CHAPTER 11 FREQUENCY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ...
Page 262: ...Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions P54A B C E 236 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 268: ...Chapter 11 Frequency Protection Functions P54A B C E 242 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 269: ...CHAPTER 12 MONITORING AND CONTROL ...
Page 270: ...Chapter 12 Monitoring and Control P54A B C E 244 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 300: ...Chapter 12 Monitoring and Control P54A B C E 274 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 301: ...CHAPTER 13 SUPERVISION ...
Page 302: ...Chapter 13 Supervision P54A B C E 276 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 312: ...Chapter 13 Supervision P54A B C E 286 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 323: ...CHAPTER 14 DIGITAL I O AND PSL CONFIGURATION ...
Page 324: ...Chapter 14 Digital I O and PSL Configuration P54A B C E 298 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 336: ...Chapter 14 Digital I O and PSL Configuration P54A B C E 310 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 337: ...CHAPTER 15 FIBRE TELEPROTECTION ...
Page 338: ...Chapter 15 Fibre Teleprotection P54A B C E 312 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 354: ...Chapter 15 Fibre Teleprotection P54A B C E 328 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 355: ...CHAPTER 16 ELECTRICAL TELEPROTECTION ...
Page 356: ...Chapter 16 Electrical Teleprotection P54A B C E 330 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 366: ...Chapter 16 Electrical Teleprotection P54A B C E 340 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 367: ...CHAPTER 17 COMMUNICATIONS ...
Page 368: ...Chapter 17 Communications P54A B C E 342 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 439: ...CHAPTER 18 CYBER SECURITY ...
Page 440: ...Chapter 18 Cyber Security P54A B C E 414 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 457: ...CHAPTER 19 INSTALLATION ...
Page 458: ...Chapter 19 Installation P54A B C E 432 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 471: ...CHAPTER 20 COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS ...
Page 472: ...Chapter 20 Commissioning Instructions P54A B C E 446 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 513: ...CHAPTER 21 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ...
Page 514: ...Chapter 21 Maintenance and Troubleshooting P54A B C E 488 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 530: ...Chapter 21 Maintenance and Troubleshooting P54A B C E 504 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 531: ...CHAPTER 22 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...
Page 532: ...Chapter 22 Technical Specifications P54A B C E 506 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 558: ...Chapter 22 Technical Specifications P54A B C E 532 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 559: ...APPENDIX A ORDERING OPTIONS ...
Page 560: ...Appendix A Ordering Options P54A B C E P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 565: ...APPENDIX B SETTINGS AND SIGNALS ...
Page 566: ...Appendix B Settings and Signals P54A B C E P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 790: ...Appendix B Settings and Signals P54A B C E B224 P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 835: ...APPENDIX C WIRING DIAGRAMS ...
Page 836: ...Appendix C Wiring Diagrams P54A B C E P54xMED TM EN 1 ...
Page 849: ......