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Spread Spectrum Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual

LUM0002AG Rev D

Version 7.0

Spread Spectrum

Wireless Data Transceiver

User Manual

Version 7.0, Revision D

FreeWave Technologies, Inc.

1880 South Flatiron Court

Boulder, CO 80301

(303) 444-3862

(303) 786-9948 Fax

www.FreeWave.com

PREAD

PECTRUM

IRELESS

ATA

RANSCEIVER

SER

ANUAL

Summary of Contents for Spread Spectrum

Page 1: ...ss Data Transceiver User Manual Version 7 0 Revision D FreeWave Technologies Inc 1880 South Flatiron Court Boulder CO 80301 303 444 3862 303 786 9948 Fax www FreeWave com SPREAD SPECTRUM WIRELESS DATA TRANSCEIVER USER MANUAL Copyright 1995 2009 by FreeWave Technologies Inc All rights reserved Published 2009 ...

Page 2: ...nce in writing This includes the addition of conformal coating Special Rate Replacement Option A special rate replacement option is offered to non warranty returns or upgrades The option to purchase the replacement unit at this special rate is only valid for that RMA The special replacement rate option expires if not exercised within 30 days of final disposition of RMA RESTRICTED RIGHTS Any produc...

Page 3: ...6 to 30 volts DC Model DGRO9RFS is suitable for use in Class 1 Division 2 Groups A B C and D or non hazardous locations only Input voltages for Model DGRO9RFS are determined by the label on the bottom of the board If the board has Label A shown below the input voltage is 6 to 14 volts DC If the board has Label B shown below the input voltage is 6 to 14 volts DC at a maximum baud rate of 57 6 KBaud...

Page 4: ... persons to satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used i...

Page 5: ... to Point Extended Call Book to Use Three or Four Repeaters 26 Programming Point to MultiPoint Call Book 27 Programming Point to MultiPoint Extended Call Book 27 RADIO TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 28 EDIT RADIO TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS 28 FreqKey in 900 MHz Transceivers 28 0 900 MHz Hop Table Version 29 1 Hop Table Size 29 2 Hop Freq Offset 29 3 900MHz Frequency Zone This setting only needs to...

Page 6: ...NG A PASSWORD 47 Changing a Password 47 Disabling a Password 47 TIME DIVISIBLE MULTIPLE ACCESS TDMA 48 ADDITIONAL SETTINGS 48 LOW BAUD RATES 48 SETUP TIMEOUT 48 FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS 49 EXAMPLES OF DATA COMMUNICATION LINKS 50 ADDITIONAL TRANSCEIVER INFORMATION 53 OPERATIONAL RS 422 AND RS 485 INFORMATION 53 RS 485 Half Duplex Pin Outs 54 RS 422 and RS 485 Full Duplex Pin Outs Waterproof Enclosu...

Page 7: ... a 9 pin null modem cable If the FreeWave transceivers are to be used in an application where a null modem cable is used such as communication between two computers then the FreeWave transceivers can be connected directly If FreeWave transceivers are to be used to replace a straight through RS232 cable then a null modem cable must be placed between the transceiver and the Data Terminal Equipment D...

Page 8: ...et received that passes the 32 bit CRC However the packet is not acknowledged On the return trip to the Master all packets sent are acknowledged or retransmitted until they are acknowledged Therefore the return link in a MultiPoint network is generally very robust Traditionally a MultiPoint network is used in applications where data is collected from many instruments and reported back to one centr...

Page 9: ...F Data rate identical on all radios in the network Note Changing these values may help to eliminate interference from other FreeWave networks Press Esc to get back to Main menu 7 At the Main Menu press 5 Set the Network ID value to any value between 1 and 4095 except 255 Make sure this value is the same on every radio in the network Point to MultiPoint Operation LED s Master Slave Repeater Conditi...

Page 10: ...ting without concern for damaging the product Noise potential may be reduced on the bench by lowering the Xmit power 6 Shortly after both transceivers are plugged in they should establish a communications link with each other and the connection is complete Using the table below verify that the radios are operating as expected Point to Point Operation LED s Master Slave Repeater Condition Carrier D...

Page 11: ...gies offers directional and Omni directional antennas with cable lengths ranging from 3 to 200 feet When using an external antenna placement of that antenna is critical to a solid data link Other antennas in close proximity are a potential source of interference use the Radio Statistics to help identify potential problems The Show Radio Statistics page is found in option 4 in the Main Menu An adju...

Page 12: ...later will need to be used Note The FGR2 series radios may also be programmed via the FreeWave Tools Suite software which is included on the User Manual CD This program replaces EZConfig as the configuration software Once the transceiver is powered and connected with the programming cable to the programming computer it can be programmed for use through HyperTerminal or EZConfig The following descr...

Page 13: ...g window appears 3 In the Name text box type in a descriptive name Select an icon from the Icon selection box 4 Click on the OK button The following Connect To dialog box appears 5 Select the connection type to be used from the Connect using drop down menu In most cases the connection type will be either Direct to Com1 or Direct to Com2 ...

Page 14: ...the selected connection type The following are the port settings which must be set for a proper connection Port Setting Menu Option to Select Bits per second 19200 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow control None 7 After selecting the appropriate menu items for each setting click on the OK button The following HyperTerminal dialog box appears ...

Page 15: ...stics port type U Capital U to invoke the Setup menu Model FGR2 CE U Ways to invoke the Setup menu in board level radios 1 Short pins 2 4 Brown to Black on the 10 pin header next to the LED s 2 If using a Programming Cable P N ASC3610Dx press the Setup button 3 If using the gray ribbon Diagnostic Cable P N AC2009DC or the black Diagnostic Cable P N AC0409DC press Shift U capital U to invoke the Se...

Page 16: ...lecting Save from the File menu IMPORTANT NOTE Whenever a change is made to the HyperTerminal settings in an open terminal session the connection must be disconnected then reconnected before the settings will take effect Connecting and Disconnecting from HyperTerminal The HyperTerminal dialog box displays several icons in the toolbar To reconnect to HyperTerminal click on the Disconnect icon and t...

Page 17: ...ialog box 6 Click on the Call button 7 Return the transceiver to Setup mode The Setup menu screen should appear 3 The Setup menu appears on the screen but nothing happens when keys on the keyboard are pressed This usually indicates a three wire connection Rx Tx Gnd Follow the steps below if the connection uses a three wire connection 1 Click on the Disconnect button 2 Select Properties from the Fi...

Page 18: ...t the operational parameters and view the performance data Operation Mode The Operation Mode option designates the method FreeWave transceivers use to communicate with each other FreeWave transceivers operate in a Master to Slave configuration Before the transceivers can operate together they must be set up to properly communicate In a Point to Point configuration Master or Slave Mode may be used ...

Page 19: ...Repeater depending on the instructions from the Master The transceiver cannot act as both a Slave and a Repeater at the same time True Slave Repeater functionality is only available in a MultiPoint mode Note Repeaters have no security features When a transceiver is designated a Point to Point Slave Repeater any Master may use it as a Repeater Point to Point Repeater 5 FreeWave allows the use of up...

Page 20: ...Set Operation Mode from the Main Menu displays the following window 2 Select the appropriate operation mode by typing the associated number or letter after Enter Choice 3 When the selection is accepted the Set Modem Mode menu will refresh and display the updated mode 4 Press the Esc key once to return to the Main Menu ...

Page 21: ...ud Rate from the Main Menu displays the following window 2 Select the appropriate baud rate or option by typing in the associated number or letter after Enter Choice As this is the baud rate for the data port it must match the baud rate of the device attached to the transceiver 3 When the selection is accepted the Set Baud Rate menu will refresh and display the updated mode 4 Press the Esc key to ...

Page 22: ...ot Enabled To enable the Modbus RTU mode 1 In the Set Baud Rate menu enter B and then select 1 Note When using the transceiver in Modbus RTU mode the Master Packet Repeat must match in every radio regardless of whether the network is in Point to Point or MultiPoint mode The Modbus RTU mode must be selected when transceivers are configured in RS485 or RS422 mode Modbus RTU timing can be adjusted vi...

Page 23: ...s The diagnostic cable for this port ASC0409DC is available from FreeWave The FGR2 C OEM modules use a 2 row 2 mm female connector The diagnostic cable for this port ASC2009DC is available from FreeWave TurnOn OffDelay E TurnOnDelay Sets the delay between when the line drivers are turned on and when the data leaves the data port This setting can be adjusted for a 1 9mS delay TurnOffDelay This sett...

Page 24: ... the Master Packet Repeat setting before sending the received data out the radio link For example if Master Packet Repeat 3 the radio will wait for 6 slots gathering data up the whole time At the end of the 6 slots the radio will send all received data in one burst This is the appropriate setting for most Modbus RTU devices With a setting of 2 and higher the radio will wait for a number of slots c...

Page 25: ...l the Slave The Call Book allows users to incorporate up to 10 FreeWave transceivers designate 1 to 4 Repeaters to be used with each transceiver and designate which Slave the Master will call To set the Entry to Call option enter C at the prompt followed by the menu number corresponding to that Slave To call any available Slave in the list enter C then enter A to direct the Master to Call All Note...

Page 26: ...configuration FreeWave transceivers can utilize up to 4 Repeaters To use 3 or 4 Repeaters program the Call Book with the Slave s serial number followed by the first 2 Repeaters On the next line enter 999 9999 as the transceiver to call When prompted for the Repeaters enter the third and fourth Repeaters in the link The illustration below depicts a Point to Point link where a Slave is called throug...

Page 27: ...Master s Call Book MultiPoint Repeater Call Book Unit Serial Number 900 0002 Entry Number Repeater1 Repeater2 0 900 0001 1 000 0000 MultiPoint Slave Call Book Unit Serial Number 900 0003 Entry Number Repeater1 Repeater2 0 900 0001 1 900 0002 2 000 0000 At times it may be desirable to force a Slave to go through a specific MultiPoint Repeater In this scenario the Slave s Call Book should contain on...

Page 28: ...o modify the hopping patterns of the transceiver Fifteen choices are available for the FreqKey 0 9 and A E setting representing 15 different pseudo random hop patterns This is to minimize the interference with other FreeWave transceivers operating in the area For instance if 10 pairs of FreeWave transceivers are operating on different networks in close proximity setting a different FreqKey value r...

Page 29: ...02 915 MHz Note Do not use FreqKey 14 E with the 915 928 MHz Hop Table 1 916 920 MHz Hop Table 3 and 921 928 Hop Table 4 hop tables 1 HOP TABLE SIZE The Hop Table Size defines how many separate channels will be used by a given network For 900MHz networks the Hop Table Size may be set from 50 to 112 2 HOP FREQ OFFSET The Hop Freq Offset option is not functional in the 900 MHz spread spectrum transc...

Page 30: ... the limitations of that selection would be applied to the hopping pattern as well For example if Hop Table Version 3 were selected only the middle of the band would be available in the pattern Then if Frequency Zones 5 6 7 8 and 9 were set to 0 no allowable frequencies would be available for the radio to use Binary Zone Number LSB First Beginning Freq MHz Ending Freq MHz Number Of Channels 0 902 ...

Page 31: ...e used within a hop pattern Use the above table to determine the number of frequency zones are required for legal communication EXAMPLE 1 Using zones 1 7 is equal to 49 channels this is not legal according to the FCC 2 Using Zones 0 6 is equal to 50 channels this is legal according to the FCC For more information contact FreeWave Technical Support at 303 381 9200 ...

Page 32: ...re band but offset frequencies from selection 0 2 Lower 1 3 rd of band 3 Middle of band 4 Upper one third of the band 5 2 outer 1 3rds of band avoids the middle 1 HOP TABLE SIZE The Hop Table Size defines how many separate channels will be used by a given network For 2 4GHz networks the Hop Table Size may be set from 50 to 80 2 HOP FREQ OFFSET In the 2 4 GHz Transceivers Hop Freq Offset allows the...

Page 33: ...r LSB First Beginning Freq MHz Ending Freq MHz 0 2400 3072 2405 4912 1 2405 8368 2410 6752 2 2411 0208 2415 8592 3 2416 2048 2421 0432 4 2421 3888 2426 2272 5 2426 5728 2431 4112 6 2431 7568 2436 5952 7 2436 9408 2441 7792 8 2442 1248 2446 9632 9 2447 3088 2452 1472 10 2452 4928 2457 3312 11 2457 6768 2462 5152 12 2462 8608 2467 6992 13 2468 0448 2472 8832 14 2473 2288 2478 0672 15 2478 4128 2483 ...

Page 34: ...f data are sent and large packet sizes are selected a certain amount of time wasted between each packet would be seen The following 3 tables provide the information to determine optimum setting values The default settings for Max and Min packet size and RF Data Rate are 8 9 and 3 respectively The following table defines the Minimum packet size in bytes by way of charting the Min Packet Size settin...

Page 35: ...ample if a Master transmits 100 bytes the Slave will then have a total of 116 bytes available 72 leftover bytes 44 Min packet size 3 XMIT RATE Two settings for the Transmit Rate parameter are available The setting for normal operation of the transceiver is a Transmit Rate 1 Transmit Rate 0 is useful to qualitatively gauge signal strength in Point to Point mode When set to Transmit Rate 0 the trans...

Page 36: ...n MultiPoint networks the Master RTS line will control all Slaves CTS lines When enabled the CTS line ceases to function as flow control It is not recommended to enable this feature when operating at RS 232 speeds above 38 4kB The default setting of 0 disables this function where as a setting of 1 enables RTS CTS control RTS CTS setting 2 is described in detail in the application note 5437 DTR to ...

Page 37: ...te Setting Retry Time Out to 20 is recommended in areas where several FreeWave networks exist This setting will allow Slaves and Repeaters to drop the connection if the link becomes too weak while at the same time prevent errant disconnects due to interference from neighboring networks While intended primarily for MultiPoint networks the Retry Time Out parameter may also be modified in Point to Po...

Page 38: ...rference is affecting a radio link A setting of 1 will provide a reduction of gain in the front end circuit thereby decreasing the affect of any out of band noise The results will be seen as a lower signal value and a much lower noise value as found in Radio Statistics or Diagnostics If the noise is not reduced by a greater amount than the signal the interference is most likely an in band issue Wh...

Page 39: ...e levels of the link Statistics are gathered during each data link and are reset when the next link begins See display below NUMBER OF DISCONNECTS Any time the link between the Master and the Slave is broken and the radios lose Carrier Detect it is recorded in the Number of Disconnects value The value indicates the total number of disconnects that have occurred from the time the transceiver is pow...

Page 40: ... the received signal levels measured at each frequency in the transceiver s frequency hop table The individual measurement values at each frequency hop channel are shown in the frequency table Pressing the Enter key when the Radio Statistics menu is displayed accesses the frequency table For a reliable link the margin should be at least 30 J units Low Average Signal Levels can often be corrected w...

Page 41: ...rameters Selecting 5 Edit MultiPoint Parameters from the main menu displays the following window 0 NUMBER REPEATERS In a MultiPoint network it is critical to transmission timing to configure this parameter correctly The value should be 0 if no Repeaters are in the network and 1 if any number of Repeaters are present This parameter should be set to the same value in all transceivers in a MultiPoint...

Page 42: ...th no repeats Therefore if the packet is not received on the first try the Slave will not respond as expected 2 MAX SLAVE RETRY The Max Slave Retry setting defines how many times 0 to 9 the Slave will attempt to retransmit a packet to the Master before beginning to use a back off algorithm defined by the Retry Odds setting Slave retries will stop when an acknowledgement is received from the Master...

Page 43: ... a matching NetWork ID The Network ID function should be used in conjunction with the SubNet ID feature If necessary Without having the serial numbers in the Call Book a Slave may establish communications with different Masters though not at the same time This is very useful in mobile MultiPoint applications 8 MULTIMASTER SYNCH MultiMaster Synch is reserved for applications in both Point to Point ...

Page 44: ... software 3 A diagnostics cable Available from FreeWave Technologies 4 Diagnostics software Available on the User Manual and System Tools CD For more information on Diagnostics please contact FreeWave Technical Support at 303 381 9200 C SUBNET ID The Subnet ID function only works in MultiPoint Networks utilizing the Network ID option In a MultiPoint Network a Slave or Repeater will connect with th...

Page 45: ...t settings F F actually use 0 0 The Rcv Subnet ID on the Master has no affect on the network Repeater1 0 1 A 0 will force the transceiver to link only to the Master Repeater2 1 2 Rcv SubnetID 1 forces communication through Repeater1 Repeater1 transmits on SubnetID 1 Slave1 0 0 or F Rcv SubnetID 0 forces communication through Master Slave2 1 0 or F Rcv SubnetID 1 forces communication through Repeat...

Page 46: ... an FGR2 or IM series Multi point slave with a local master This Master is not the network master This feature is only available with firmware versions 2 64 FGR and 3 64 IM or newer firmware Please see Application note 5457 Local Mode for more information G RADIO NAME Option G allows the user to set a unique 20 character Radio name ...

Page 47: ... gaining access to the radio settings Setting a Password Selecting 8 Chg Password will display the following prompt New PW esc to exit To back out of the process and not enable the password press Esc To set a password type in exactly 4 characters The process can be canceled at any point by pressing the Esc key Once the 4 characters have been entered the following prompt will appear Enter to accept...

Page 48: ...r to peer communications or when applications are very time specific For additional information about TDMA contact FreeWave Technical Support at 303 381 9200 Additional Settings Some additional parameters are not shown in the Setup menu which may be used with FreeWave transceivers These additional parameters may be set with DOS based software The most common additional settings used by users are d...

Page 49: ...CKET SIZE 8 2 MIN PACKET SIZE 9 3 XMT RATE 1 4 RF DATA RATE 3 5 RF XMT POWER 10 6 SLAVE SECURITY 0 7 RTS TO CTS 0 8 RETRY TIMEOUT 255 9 LOW POWER MODE 0 A High Noise 0 B MCU Speed 0 C Remote LED 0 Ethernet Options Default 0 Ethernet Mode 0 1 Half Full Duplex 0 2 Slave IP Stack 0 3 Slave UDP Mode 0 4 IP Address 255 255 255 255 5 Port Address 4131 6 Power On Reply IP Address 255 255 255 255 7 Port A...

Page 50: ...ing the link from the Master to the Slave In this configuration it may be desirable to use an external Omni directional antenna at the Repeater Yagi antennas may be used at both the Master and Slave transceivers When a Repeater is used the RF throughput is cut in half The example below shows a link with two Repeaters between the Master and Slave With two Repeaters more flexibility in getting aroun...

Page 51: ... elevated location the transceiver may also be used as a Repeater when it is not used as a Slave At any time the Master may call any of the Slaves establish a connection and send and receive data The next example depicts a standard Point to MultiPoint network From the Master any data is broadcast to all three Slaves one of which receives it through a MultiPoint Repeater The data is in turn sent ou...

Page 52: ... The last example is a Point to MultiPoint network which uses one of the sites as a Slave Repeater This network functions in the same manner as a standard MultiPoint network with Repeaters However the number of radios may be reduced with the use of the MultiPoint Slave Repeater feature ...

Page 53: ... impedance single twisted pair In this system the loading of the FreeWave transceiver is as described above which allows up to 256 1 8 unit load units on the bus Maximum line length is also 4 000 feet with a third wire required for data common The FreeWave transceiver will check the line to be certain no other device is transmitting before enabling the line driver for data transmission When settin...

Page 54: ...rially from the system device connected to the transceivers 4 DTR Data Terminal Ready Input Used only in transceivers in Point to Point Slave Master switchable mode or for DTR Connect 5 GND Ground Signal return for all signal lines shared with Pin 9 6 DSR Data Set Ready Output Always high when the radio is powered from the 2 5mm power connector Indicated power is on to the radio Also this pin can ...

Page 55: ...a Receive Data Carrier Detect RTS and Clear to Send and TTL standard polarity and voltage level for the Interrupt pin Pin 1 B Power input Pin 2 Interrupt INT Input A 0 volt level on this pin will switch the radio into Setup mode Pin Assignment Color on ACS3610xx cable 1 B input Red 2 Interrupt temporarily ground to invoke menu Brown 3 Data Terminal Ready DTR Orange 4 Ground Black 5 Transmit Data T...

Page 56: ...tput 3 Orange Receive Data RXD Input 4 Yellow Data Terminal Ready DTR Input 5 Green Ground Signal ground 6 Blue Diagnostics TXD Output 7 Violet Request to Send RTS Input 8 Gray Clear to Send CTS Output 9 White shield Power ground shield Power ground 10 Black B Power input 11 Pink Diagnostics RXD Input The following is the diagram for the waterproof connector pin out on the FGR 115WC IM 900 series ...

Page 57: ...Data transmission Data rate 115 2 kbps sustained throughput 57 6 kbps sustained throughput with Repeaters Error detection 32 Bit CRC retransmit on error Data encryption Substitution dynamic key Max link throughput 115 2 KBaud Data interface RS 232 RS485 1200 Baud to 230 4 KBaud async full duplex TTL RF board level only Power requirements Supply voltage 6 to 30 VDC Transmit current for 1 W power at...

Page 58: ...apter provided May be powered through pin 6 of DB9 connector 6 30 VDC AC wall adapter provided May be powered through pin 6 of DB9 connector 6 30 VDC 6 foot data and power pigtail provided Data and power cable also available terminated with DB9 and power jack Antenna SMA female connector External antenna required N type female connector External antenna required N type female connector External an...

Page 59: ...or 500mW power at 100 duty cycle 410mA at 9 5 VDC 325mA at 12 VDC 130mA at 30 VDC Receive current 140mA at 9 5 VDC 110mA at 12 VDC 44mA at 30 VDC Idle current 82mA at 9 5 VDC 65mA at 12 VDC 26mA at 30 VDC Sleep current 15 8mA at 9 5 VDC 12 5mA at 12 VDC 5mA at 30 VDC Operating modes Point to Point Point to MultiPoint Operating environment 40 C 75 C 0 to 95 humidity non condensing At 100 receive su...

Page 60: ...Spread Spectrum Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual LUM0002AG Rev D Version 7 0 60 FGR2 OEM Full Size Board Level Mechanical Drawing ...

Page 61: ...Spread Spectrum Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual LUM0002AG Rev D Version 7 0 61 FGR OEM Full Size Board Level Mechanical Drawing ...

Page 62: ...Spread Spectrum Wireless Data Transceiver User Manual LUM0002AG Rev D Version 7 0 62 OEM Mini Board Level Mechanical Drawing ...

Page 63: ...ory Improved efficiency and reliability of writing Diagnostics settings to memory Firmware Version 8 73 Fixes Improvements RS 485 Protocol fixed Use Break Command to Enter Setup function fixed Grand Master mode for Multi Master Sync feature fixed FreeWave Technical Support For up to date troubleshooting information check the Support page at www FreeWave com FreeWave provides Technical Support Mond...

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