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38

Appendix B – DiSEqC Primer

About DiSEqC

About DiSEqC

About DiSEqC

About DiSEqC
DiSEqC is an acronym for “Digital Satellite Equipment Control” and is achieved using the
22kHz signalling tone.  The 22 kHz signal is imposed on the LNB DC voltage of 13V or
18V at a level of 0.65V p-p.  Normally, the 22kHz signal is either continuously on or off.
When a DiSEqC message is to be sent, if the 22kHz is on, it is turned off for a “quiet
period” before the message.  Then the DiSEqC message is sent as a series of bytes with an
odd parity bit appended.  The bits are formed by modulation of the 22kHz signal as
shown below.

Most DiSEqC commands are 3 bytes in length but some can be up to 6 bytes long, so the
transmission time of a DiSEqC message is on the order of 40 to 80 milliseconds.

DiSEqC Commands

DiSEqC Commands

DiSEqC Commands

DiSEqC Commands
LNB1: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x38, 0xc0
LNB2: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x38, 0xc4
LNB3: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x38, 0xc8
LNB4: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x38, 0xcc
SW1: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf0
SW2: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf1
SW3: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf2
SW4: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf3
SW5: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf4
SW6: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf5
SW7: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf6
SW8: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf7
SW9: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf8
SW10: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xf9
SW11: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xfa
SW12: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xfb
SW13: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xfc
SW14: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xfd
SW15: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xfe
SW16: 0xe0, 0x10, 0x39, 0xff
TBA: Tone Burst 0 to select satellite A
TBB: Tone Burst 1 to select satellite B
Go East: 0xe0, 0x31, 0x68, 0x1e
Go Home: 0xe0, 0x31, 0x6b, 0x00
Go West: 0xe0, 0x31, 0x69, 0x1e

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Summary of Contents for Combolook Color HD

Page 1: ...Combolook Color HD User Manual Sjöviksbacken 14 4 tr SE 117 43 Stockholm Sweden Phone 46 0 8 775 00 01 Fax 46 0 8 775 00 06 www emitor se Combolook Color HD ...

Page 2: ...ght to make changes at any time without notice and without incurring any obligation No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission This manual should be considered a permanent part of the instrument and should remain with it if the instrument is resold If a problem should arise or if you have any questions about the instrument consult an authorized Emitor AB dealer Notice...

Page 3: ...tellite 20 UniCable LNB Functions Satellite 22 TV Instrument Mode 24 33 Spectrum Operation TV 24 Analog Picture Mode TV 26 Memory Operation TV 28 Digital Picture Mode TV 29 Setup TV 31 Signal to Noise Ratio Measurements TV 32 Channel Power Measurement TV 33 Using PC to Transfer Transponder Data 34 Loading Firmware 35 Appendix A Universal LNB Primer 37 Appendix B DiSEqC Primer 38 Appendix C DVB S a...

Page 4: ...d Switching modes can be done at power on or by menu selection Satellite Instrument Mode The Spectrum shown enables the measurement of the satellite spectrum in resolution steps of 1 MHz to 10 MHz making it easy for the skilled installer to know what satellite he is receiving and make more detailed measurements The Spectrum function spans the frequency band 920 2150 MHz and can be expanded from 4 ...

Page 5: ...zoomed to smaller segments minimum 13MHz span for closer inspection In TV mode it presents measured data 1 dB at 20o C The Combolook Color HD is capable of working with the return path signals in Cable TV networks 5 65 MHz according to the EN50083 standard Signal to Noise measurements and Digital Channel power measurements can be made using Reference markers on the spectrum Analog TV pictures can ...

Page 6: ...instrument on and off When the charger is connected the instrument will charge with the switch off and operate when on The instrument will not charge when operating Charger Power Charger Power Charger Power Charger Power Input Input Input Input The instrument can be charged or operated using either the supplied 14V power supply or from a 12V car cigarette lighter plug using the supplied connector ...

Page 7: ... a push button that is used for selection In the Spectrum mode the tuning knob is used for frequency adjustments bandwidth span adjustments and signal Offset level The knob button is used to change the mode In the Digital Picture mode the knob is used to select the next picture and for memory selections In the Analog Picture mode the knob is used for frequency selection and for memory locations In...

Page 8: ...he operation can use a memory location the lower portion of the LCD shows the current memory selection For this case the knob is used to change the memory position number that the Save will use Turning the knob will adjust frequency Battery state or power supply connected LNB power 13V or 18V Switch the LNB 13V 18V using the keypad 0 Switch the LNB 22kHz signal on or off using the keypad Enter Dig...

Page 9: ...9 Remote Control Power Not used Used same as keypad entry Exit Used for keypad which is 22kHz control to select band Open TV or Radio channel Previous channel Next channel ...

Page 10: ...The span of the Spectrum can be changed in two ways Pressing the keypad 3 Span will change the spectrum to the minimum span of 250MHz For this span each division is 1MHz An alternate method is to use the adjustable span Pressing the knob allows the span to be adjusted from a minimum of 250MHz to the maximum of 1231MHz At this maximum span the entire IF band from 920MHz to 2150MHz is displayed When...

Page 11: ...ight of the TFT DiSEqC DiSEqC DiSEqC DiSEqC See DiSEqC on page 18 Setup Setup Setup Setup See Setup on page 19 Beeper Beeper Beeper Beeper The Beeper function is enabled or disabled and can be used to provide an audio signal of the signal level at the marker position Spec Spec Spec Spec See the Special Spectrum functions on page 21 Memory Memory Memory Memory This allows saving or mixing the Spect...

Page 12: ...mometer gets smaller from right to left so that the best signal is shown by a longer white bar The lock time is shown at the top right and below this the signal modulation and FEC The MER Modulation Error Ratio and the Output Bit Rate for the total transport stream is also show When the NIT information is available the NIT name and NIT Orbital Position appear Reading the SDT data shows the number ...

Page 13: ...w about 16000 will not lock during a search Memory Memory Memory Memory Frequencies are stored in the Digital memory See Memory page 13 Channels Channels Channels Channels When a signal is locked the Digital services from the SDT Service Information will be displayed on the TFT screen DiS DiS DiS DiSEqC EqC EqC EqC DiSEqC commands can be initiated See DiSEqC page 18 Beeper Beeper Beeper Beeper Ena...

Page 14: ...his shows a list of the services on the transponder Encrypted channels are shown in RED and cannot be selected The current selected channel is shown in WHITE FTA channels are shown in GREEN and radio channels are shown in YELLOW When there are FTA channels available the current selected channel can be opened by keypad 3 Using the keypad 3 Open shows the selected picture or if a radio channel plays...

Page 15: ...15 Display which is available using the keypad 4 SNR Info function or the keypad 5 Pic Info functions ...

Page 16: ...cy are adjusted using the small controls below the frequency knob Memory This is for storing your various Analog channels First tune in the correct frequency to be saved Then make sure that the memory will be saved to the correct position shown on the LCD using the knob Enter the Memory function with keypad 3 Memory and then use keypad 1 Save SAVE ARE YOU SURE is shown and the confirmation is keyp...

Page 17: ...Each position stores the Name frequency 13 18V and 22kHz state Digital Channel Memory There are 100 memory positions reserved for User data of Digital Channels Each position stores the Name Service ID frequency 13 18V and 22kHz Text Editor Satellite All the User memory areas use the Text Editor for saving the name for the memory position With the Digital Channel memory the current channel name is ...

Page 18: ...f positioners Go East and Go West move the positioner as long as the key is pressed Calibrate moves the positioner to the home position usually due south Limits allow soft limits to be set or cleared for the positioner Position allows the setting a movement to defined positions The Go East command and Go West command are used to move the positioner to an optimum position and then that position is ...

Page 19: ... Spectrum Graticule can be turned on for dB guidelines AutoOff AutoOff AutoOff AutoOff AutoOff can be set to turn the unit off automatically after a number of minutes if no knob of key actions occur AutoOff does not operate when on external power KeyCl KeyCl KeyCl KeyClick ick ick ick The beep for a keypress can be enabled or disabled Knob Dir Knob Dir Knob Dir Knob Dir The direction of movement f...

Page 20: ...e frequency difference are displayed Span Min Max Span Min Max Span Min Max Span Min Max The span can be changed when on this menu for convenience It is the same as the span setting on the Spectrum menu Memory Memory Memory Memory Samples of spectrum data can be saved in memory and then either displayed or mixed with the current spectrum When the mix function is chosen the current spectrum is adju...

Page 21: ...attenuator can be inserted or disabled from this menu 13 18V 13 18V 13 18V 13 18V The 13V 18V LNB voltage can be changed at this menu for convenience 22kHz 22kHz 22kHz 22kHz The 22kHz LNB signal can be changed at this menu for convenience ...

Page 22: ...z or 1231MHz the maximum or minimum by pressing the keypad Span The Marker frequency shows the IF frequency of the User Band The translated UniCable signal will be at the chosen User Band and about 100MHz wide For the UniCable LNB the LNB 13V 18V and the LNB 22kHz signal represent the Polarisation and the Band and are not sent to the UniCable LNB In the Digital mode the frequency shown is the UniC...

Page 23: ... found is used for further UniCable tuning At the end of the test the results of measuring the User Bands are presented The User Band is set to 1 by default but for more detailed testing it can be set to any of the four bands for Example Spec UniCable UsrBand 4 Now User Band 4 will be used for any further UniCable Tuning User Band 1 1210 MHz User Band 2 1420 MHz User Band 1 1680 MHz User Band 1 20...

Page 24: ...n each division is 50 kHz An alternate method is to use the adjustable span Pressing the knob allows the span to be adjusted from a minimum of 13Mhz to the maximum of 900MHz At the maximum span the entire IF band from 2MHz to900MHz is displayed When span is adjusted by pressing the knob a second press of the knob allows the knob to control the insertion of attenuation from 0dB to 45dB as indicated...

Page 25: ...old is useful for monitoring a certain frequency range for changes You may see how if temporary signals disturbances can affect a network s quality Center Center Center Center Places the marker frequency at the center of the spectrum using the current span setting Setup Setup Setup Setup See the Setup TV on page 30 Ref Mrkr Ref Mrkr Ref Mrkr Ref Mrkr Sets a reference marker so that differential re...

Page 26: ... also show or Pressing the knob button changes the knob mode to CHANNEL Now turning the knob selects the channel number using the current channel table and the channel frequency is displayed Pressing the knob button again changes the knob mode to FAVORITE and the knob can now select Favorite channels See Memory Operation TV on page 27 for saving Favorite channels Selecting TV on the menu turns on ...

Page 27: ...trol of the attenuator and the value chosen is shown on the LCD display Beep On Beep On Beep On Beep On or Beep Off or Beep Off or Beep Off or Beep Off This toggles the beeper to report the received signal level A higher signal level is higher in pitch This can be useful when direct observation of the picture is not possible Memory Memory Memory Memory see the Memory Operation TV page 27 Ext A V E...

Page 28: ... Memory Usr span Usr span Usr span Usr span Sa Sa Sa Save ve ve ve This saves the current spectrum settings of marker frequency and span so that sections of the spectrum can be easily recalled by using the Usr span function on the TV Spectrum menu When a desired spectrum presentation is displayed press Memory Usr span Save and choose the memory position 1 8 to save this User Span Memory Memory Mem...

Page 29: ... Finnish French German Danish Romanian Dutch Polish Slovenski Spanish Latvian Russian or Indonesian The subtitle and Time Zone settings are not important and the default for Screen Mode of 16 9 Center is best The Antenna Power setting here is not used If an amplified antenna is being used then adjust the voltage using the Power Inserter Menu Setup P insert Menu If there are no channel settings sto...

Page 30: ...sted The bandwidth default is set at 7MHz Change this if the DVB T signal has a different bandwidth In automatic searching bandwidth is set automatically The Priority default is High In automatic scanning both low and high priority streams are searched The channels found during the search are displayed as they are found Once the channels are found the DVB T module will tune to the last channel vie...

Page 31: ...nded to accept or receive voltage equipment not intended to accept or receive voltage CH_Table CH_Table CH_Table CH_Table This selects the Channel Table in use to display and select the frequency The available channel tables are CCIT France Poland Italy UK1 UK2 UK3 South Africa and Australia Details for these channel tables are shown in Appendix E Vid BW Vid BW Vid BW Vid BW The Video filter is pl...

Page 32: ... set and a new marker appears on top of the first marker Turn the knob and place the reference marker on another carrier signal peak or on the noise floor The relation between the first marker and the second marker is presented in the lower right hand corner of the picture screen so in the spectrum below we see that the audio carrier is 7dBuV lower that the picture carrier and the video audio carr...

Page 33: ...location by Memory Spectrum Save Load a saved spectrum using Memory Spectrum and use the knob to select the memory position and then press Load Press Digital and now use the knob to set the start frequency of the digital channel Press Set strt and then use the knob to set the stop frequency and press Set strt again Digital transponders are normally 8 MHz wide The channel power and bandwidth are sh...

Page 34: ... instrument to and from a PC for easy changes The Windows PC program used is chedit exe From the File Menu a channel file can be loaded from the Combolook edited and saved back to the Combolook Also channel files can be loaded and saved on the PC for backup and easy updates of channel files ...

Page 35: ...ts an RS232 connection The firmware loading must be performed with the external charger connected The RS232 cable to be used is supplied as part of the kit with the Combolook Color HD Some laptops do not have an RS232 connection but a USB to RS232 adapter can be purchased at low cost Connect the Rs232 cable from the computer to the instrument Run the firmware download file FDLDVB exe Select the RS...

Page 36: ...ing will take about 10 minutes and then the Firmware Downloader program will display Download Complete The DVB module firmware will probably not need updating but if it does then choose the Send DVB Firmware The loading process for this firmware is different Power on the Combolook and wait until it is fully started Once a firmware file is selected download will begin and take about 25 minutes ...

Page 37: ...arisations The Universal LNB can receive either horizontal or vertical polarisations depending on the LNB line voltage 13V is used to select Vertical polarisation and 18V is used to select Horizontal polarisation The Ku band for satellite reception is 2100 MHz wide 12700 10600 while the receiver input is only 1100 MHz wide 2150 950 To allow the full reception of the entire Ku band two different lo...

Page 38: ...gth but some can be up to 6 bytes long so the transmission time of a DiSEqC message is on the order of 40 to 80 milliseconds DiSEqC Commands DiSEqC Commands DiSEqC Commands DiSEqC Commands LNB1 0xe0 0x10 0x38 0xc0 LNB2 0xe0 0x10 0x38 0xc4 LNB3 0xe0 0x10 0x38 0xc8 LNB4 0xe0 0x10 0x38 0xcc SW1 0xe0 0x10 0x39 0xf0 SW2 0xe0 0x10 0x39 0xf1 SW3 0xe0 0x10 0x39 0xf2 SW4 0xe0 0x10 0x39 0xf3 SW5 0xe0 0x10 0...

Page 39: ...est 0xe0 0x31 0x67 Goto Pos 0xe0 0x31 0x6b Position Number 1 to 31 Save Pos 0xe0 0x31 0x6a Position Number 1 to 31 Goto X 0xe0 0x31 0x6e Movement High Byte Movement Low Byte For the full DiSEqC specifications see http www eutelsat com satellites 4_5_5 html ...

Page 40: ...several video and audio streams and also SI tables Service Information to allow the receiver to decode and display the correct data There are several types of tables in the SI called PSI data This table data is generally longer than one packet so several packets are assembled together to make a section which can be up to 1024 bytes 1 Program Association Table PAT for each service in the multiplex ...

Page 41: ...NB are integral To tune a frequency on the UniCable LNB or Switch the receiver issues a DiSEqC command which indicates the Satellite Frequency needed the Polarisation the Band and what User Band to use The number of User bands differs but normal is 4 or 8 The User Bands which are available can be determined by sending a DiSEqC command to emit RF tones at the centre frequencies of the User bands By...

Page 42: ...2 D1 is defined as bit 5 6 7 select the User Band and bit 0 1 bit 1 2 3 4 0 Generate an RF tone answer at the selected User Band for the question in D2 ODU_LoFreq 0xe0 0x00 0x5b D1 D2 D1 is defined as bit 5 6 7 select the User Band and bit 1 1 bit 0 2 3 4 0 Generate an RF tone answer at the selected User Band for the question in D2 ODU_Channel_change 0xe0 0x00 0x5a D1 D2 D1 is defined as D1 is def...

Page 43: ...z S10 168 25 MHz S40 455 25 MHz E58 767 25 MHz S41 463 25 MHz E59 775 25 MHz E5 175 25 MHz E60 783 25 MHz E6 182 25 MHz E21 471 25 MHz E61 791 25 MHz E7 189 25 MHz E22 479 25 MHz E62 799 25 MHz E8 196 25 MHz E23 487 25 MHz E63 807 25 MHz E9 203 25 MHz E24 495 25 MHz E64 815 25 MHz E10 210 25 MHz E25 503 25 MHz E65 823 25 MHz E11 217 25 MHz E26 511 25 MHz E66 831 25 MHz E12 224 25 MHz E27 519 25 MH...

Page 44: ...E22 479 25 MHz E52 719 25 MHz E23 487 25 MHz E53 727 25 MHz E24 495 25 MHz E54 735 25 MHz E25 503 25 MHz E55 743 25 MHz E26 511 25 MHz E56 751 25 MHz E27 519 25 MHz E57 759 25 MHz E28 527 25 MHz E58 767 25 MHz E29 535 25 MHz E59 775 25 MHz E30 543 25 MHz E60 783 25 MHz E31 551 25 MHz E61 791 25 MHz E32 559 25 MHz E62 799 25 MHz E33 567 25 MHz E63 807 25 MHz E34 575 25 MHz E64 815 25 MHz E35 583 25...

Page 45: ... K21 471 25 MHz K53 727 25 MHz K12 223 25 MHz K22 479 25 MHz K54 735 25 MHz S09 231 25 MHz K23 487 25 MHz K55 743 25 MHz S10 239 25 MHz K24 495 25 MHz K56 751 25 MHz S11 247 25 MHz K25 503 25 MHz K57 759 25 MHz S12 255 25 MHz K26 511 25 MHz K58 767 25 MHz S13 263 25 MHz K27 519 25 MHz K59 775 25 MHz S14 271 25 MHz K28 527 25 MHz K60 783 25 MHz S15 279 25 MHz K29 535 25 MHz K61 791 25 MHz S16 287 2...

Page 46: ...7 25 MHz 56 751 25 MHz 24 495 25 MHz 57 759 25 MHz 25 503 25 MHz 58 767 25 MHz 26 511 25 MHz 59 775 25 MHz 27 519 25 MHz 60 783 25 MHz 28 527 25 MHz 61 791 25 MHz 29 535 25 MHz 62 799 25 MHz 30 543 25 MHz 63 807 25 MHz 31 551 25 MHz 64 815 25 MHz 32 559 25 MHz 65 823 25 MHz 33 567 25 MHz 66 831 25 MHz 34 575 25 MHz 67 839 25 MHz 35 583 25 MHz 68 847 25 MHz 36 591 25 MHz 69 855 25 MHz 37 599 25 MHz...

Page 47: ...54 735 25 MHz 55 743 25 MHz 21 471 25 MHz 56 751 25 MHz 22 479 25 MHz 57 759 25 MHz 23 487 25 MHz 58 767 25 MHz 24 495 25 MHz 59 775 25 MHz 25 503 25 MHz 60 783 25 MHz 26 511 25 MHz 61 791 25 MHz 27 519 25 MHz 62 799 25 MHz 28 527 25 MHz 63 807 25 MHz 29 535 25 MHz 64 815 25 MHz 30 543 25 MHz 65 823 25 MHz 31 551 25 MHz 66 831 25 MHz 32 559 25 MHz 67 839 25 MHz 33 567 25 MHz 68 847 25 MHz 34 575 2...

Page 48: ...Hz 11 200 00 MHz 38 416 00 MHz 12 208 00 MHz 39 424 00 MHz 13 216 00 MHz 40 432 00 MHz 14 224 00 MHz 41 440 00 MHz 15 232 00 MHz 42 448 00 MHz 16 240 00 MHz 43 456 00 MHz 17 248 00 MHz 44 464 00 MHz 18 256 00 MHz 45 472 00 MHz 19 264 00 MHz 46 480 00 MHz 20 272 00 MHz 47 488 00 MHz 21 280 00 MHz 48 496 00 MHz 22 288 00 MHz 49 504 00 MHz 23 296 00 MHz 50 512 00 MHz 24 304 00 MHz 51 520 00 MHz 25 31...

Page 49: ...263 25 MHz 15 271 25 MHz 16 279 25 MHz 17 287 25 MHz 18 295 25 MHz 19 319 25 MHz 20 343 25 MHz 21 351 25 MHz 22 359 25 MHz 23 367 25 MHz 24 375 25 MHz 25 383 25 MHz 26 391 25 MHz 27 399 25 MHz 28 415 25 MHz 29 423 25 MHz 30 431 25 MHz U21 471 25 MHz U22 479 25 MHz U23 487 25 MHz U24 495 25 MHz U25 503 25 MHz U26 511 25 MHz U27 519 25 MHz U28 527 25 MHz U29 535 25 MHz U30 543 25 MHz ...

Page 50: ... 23 487 25 MHz 56 751 25 MHz 24 495 25 MHz 57 759 25 MHz 25 503 25 MHz 58 767 25 MHz 26 511 25 MHz 59 775 25 MHz 27 519 25 MHz 60 783 25 MHz 28 527 25 MHz 61 791 25 MHz 29 535 25 MHz 62 799 25 MHz 30 543 25 MHz 63 807 25 MHz 31 551 25 MHz 64 815 25 MHz 32 559 25 MHz 65 823 25 MHz 33 567 25 MHz 66 831 25 MHz 34 575 25 MHz 67 839 25 MHz 35 583 25 MHz 68 847 25 MHz 36 591 25 MHz 69 855 25 MHz 37 599 ...

Page 51: ...6 25 MHz 51 688 25 MHz 12 224 25 MHz 52 695 25 MHz 21 478 25 MHz 53 702 25 MHz 22 485 25 MHz 54 709 25 MHz 23 492 25 MHz 55 716 25 MHz 24 499 25 MHz 56 723 25 MHz 25 506 25 MHz 57 730 25 MHz 26 513 25 MHz 58 737 25 MHz 27 520 25 MHz 59 744 25 MHz 28 527 25 MHz 60 751 25 MHz 29 534 25 MHz 61 758 25 MHz 30 541 25 MHz 62 765 25 MHz 31 548 25 MHz 63 772 25 MHz 32 555 25 MHz 64 779 25 MHz 33 562 25 MHz...

Page 52: ...l Modulation Using this technique two completely separate data streams are modulated onto a single DVB T signal A High Priority HP stream is embedded within a Low Priority LP stream Typically the LP stream is of higher bitrate but lower robustness than the HP one Receivers with good reception conditions can receive both streams while those with poorer reception conditions may only receive the High...

Page 53: ...apacity than one at room temperatures The Combolook Color HD is designed for outside use in rough conditions but it should not be exposed to rain or snow as this can damage or shorten the lifetime of the instrument Checking charging the battery Because the instrument has been stored for some time before transportation it is important to check the battery condition To do this turn the main switch O...

Page 54: ... with name Stored spectrum can be mixed for easy identification of satellite Maxhold function Power out Yes 13 18V for LNB can be adjusted 22 kHz tone Yes on off DiSEqC Yes all 1 0 and 1 1 Also Toneburst on off DiSEqC actuator Built in positioner for DiSEqC 1 2 SatScan and SatSelect DiSEqC Goto X for USALS operation TV CATV uses TV TV CATV uses TV TV CATV uses TV TV CATV uses TV IN F IN F IN F IN ...

Page 55: ...rs in transmission To do this the data is sent with additional error correcting bits On reception the error bits are identified and usually corrected HD HD HD HD high definition This refers to any resolution above the DVB standard resolution The DVB standard resolutions for the luminance signal are H X V 720 X 576 544 X 576 480 X 576 352 X 576 352 X 288 The DVB S2 High definition resolutions are H...

Page 56: ...eive voltage QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying This is a digital modulation used for all DVB S transmissions The data is transmitted depending on the phase of the signal with 90 degrees the shift so four states one symbol are encoded at each Symbol Frequency QPSK HD QPSK HD QPSK HD QPSK HD DVB S2 transmissions can be broadcast in either 8PSK modulation or QPSK modulation When the d...

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