ELSA WINNER 2000/Office, User Manual

Page: 60 / 64

Glossary
WINNER 2000/Office
50
eral steps. The graphics boards described in
this manual support VESA DPMS.
쮿
DRAM – Abbreviation of Dynamic Random
Access Memory. Volatile memory for read and
write operations.
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EDO-RAM – Abbreviation for Extended Data
Output Random Access Memory (Hyper Page
Mode). EDO-RAM is very common on graphics
boards, as the most recently used data persist
in memory. A number of read accesses to simi-
lar data occur during the generation of an
image, so that use of EDO-RAM gives a signifi-
cant speed advantage.
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FCC – FCC compliance means that a device
has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to
Part 15 of the FCC Rules, designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful inter-
ference in a residential installation.
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FIFO method – (first in, first out) a system
used in batch processing and queues in which
the first signal to arrive is processed first.
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Fixed-frequency monitor – A monitor that
can only be operated at a specific resolution
and refresh rate.
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Flat shading – See “shading”.
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Flipping – The image generated in the
➞
back
buffer is displayed.
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Frame buffer – Part of the graphics memory in
which the image next to be displayed on the
screen is generated. In addition, transparency
effects are calculated in the frame buffer.
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Front buffer – is the name for the visible
image page in
➞
double buffering.
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Geometrical transformation – The position
of the object in space is determined from the
observer's point of view.
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Gouraud shading –
➞
'Shading'.
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Graphics accelerator – refers to a graphics
accelerator board, i.e. a board particularly
suited for graphics intensive user environ-
ments.
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HiColor – designates a 15-bpp or 16-bpp (bits
per pixel) graphics mode, i.e. 32,768 or 65,536
colors.
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Horizontal frequency – The horizontal fre-
quency (scan frequency) of a monitor in kHz.
This value must be set in accordance with the
operating limits of the monitor, otherwise the
monitor might be damaged in extreme cases.
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Horizontal scan frequency – The horizontal
scan frequency of a monitor in kHz. This value
must be set in accordance with the operating
limits of the monitor, otherwise the monitor
might be damaged in extreme cases.
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Interpolation – A video image must be
stretched or shrunk in order to fit into the dis-
play window. If pixels are simply multiplied (for
example, a block of four equally colored pixels
represents the original pixel), aliasing effects
("blocks" and "stairs") will occur. This can be
avoided by interpolation procedures (using
average colors for inserted pixels). Horizontal
interpolation is relatively easy to perform, since
the pixels are drawn to the screen in lines. Ver-
tical interpolation is more difficult and requires
a complete pixel line to be buffered.
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MIP mapping – In MIP mapping a number of
textures are assigned to an object depending
on distance. The representation of the object
becomes more detailed as the observer
approaches the object.
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Multi-frequency/ MultiSync monitor – A
monitor that can be operated at various hori-
zontal scan frequencies, or that automatically