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Cooper Bussmann 945U-E User Manual Download Page 32

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Cooper Bussmann 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device Server User Manual

Rev Version 2.14

WEP (64 bit) and (128 bit)

Encryption Keys 1 to 4

These are the keys used to encrypt radio data to protect data from unwanted eavesdroppers when WEP Encryption
is selected. These keys should be the same for all 945U-E units in the same system. WEP keys must be entered as
pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. Hexadecimal digits are in the range 0...9 and A...F.

The 64-bit WEP requires 10 hexadecimal digits, and 128-bit WEP requires 26 hexadecimal digits. For example,
12:AB:EF:00:56 for 64-bit encryption, and 12:AB:EF:00:56:15:6B:E4:30:C8:05:F0:8D for 128-bit encryption.

Encryption keys must not be all zeros (00:00:00:00:00).

Figure 27 WEP

Default WEP Key

One of the four keys may be selected as the default key and is used to encrypt transmitted messages from the
configured unit. A 945U-E can receive and decrypt a message from a module that has a different default key index
as long as each module has the same key configured at the same index.

WEP Open Authentication Mode

• Station sends an authentication request to the access point.

• Access point then authenticates the station.

• Station then associates with the access point and joins the network.

WEP Shares Authentication Mode

• Station sends an authentication request to the access point.

• Access point then sends a text-based message to the station.

• Station uses its own WEP key to encrypt the text-based message and sends it back to the access point.

• Access point then decrypts the message using its on WEP key and if the key matches it authenticates the

station.

• Station then associates with the access point and joins the network.

WPA / WPA2

When WPA encryption is selected, 128-bit encryption keys are internally generated based on the passphrase and
system address (ESSID). The passphrase must be between 8 and 63 characters long, and the passphrase must be
the same for all 945U-E units in the same system.

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Summary of Contents for 945U-E

Page 1: ...Read and Retain for Future Reference Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem Device Server User Manual Version 2 14 ...

Page 2: ...ed as supplied by ELPRO Technologies Any changes or modifications made to the device without the written consent of ELPRO Technologies may void the user s authority to operate the device End user products that have this device embedded must be installed by experienced radio and antenna personnel or supplied with non standard antenna connectors and antennas available from vendors specified by ELPRO...

Page 3: ...Important Notice ELPRO products are designed to be used in industrial environments by experienced industrial engineering personnel with adequate knowledge of safety design considerations ELPRO radio products are used on unprotected license free radio bands with radio noise and interference The products are designed to operate in the presence of noise and interference However in an extreme cases ra...

Page 4: ...adequately secured third parties may be able to gain access to your data or gain control of your equipment via the radio link Before deploying a system make sure you have considered the security aspects of your installation carefully Release Notice This is the April 2013 release of the 945U E Ethernet Modem User Manual version 2 14 which applies to version 2 16 modem firmware Follow Instructions R...

Page 5: ...hares Authentication Mode 32 WPA WPA2 32 WPA Enterprise Authenticator AP Configuration 33 WPA Enterprise Supplicant Client Configuration 34 3 7 Normal Operation 34 Bridge Operation Transparent Network 34 Router Operation Routed Network 35 3 8 Radio Configuration 35 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration 37 Fixed Noise Floor 38 3 10 Serial Port Configuration 39 RS 232 PPP Server 39 Serial Gateway Server ...

Page 6: ...stics 82 Network Traffic Analysis 83 4 6 System Tools 83 4 7 Testing Radio Paths 84 Connection and Signal Strength 84 Throughput Test 84 Internal Radio Tests 84 RSSI Test 85 Throughput Test 85 4 8 Remote Configuration 86 4 9 Internal Diagnostic Modbus Registers 87 Connection Information 87 Statistic Registers 88 4 10 Utilities 88 ping 88 ipconfig 90 arp 90 route 90 Appendix A FIRMWARE UPGRADES 94 ...

Page 7: ...sible to use all three data connections concurrently allowing the 945U E to act as a Device Server Wireless connections can be made between serial devices and Ethernet devices The 945U E provides connection functionality between serial Modbus RTU devices and Ethernet Modbus TCP devices Appropriate driver applications will be required in the host devices to handle other protocols The modem is VLAN ...

Page 8: ...net links Figure 2 shows a connection between two Ethernet devices using 945U E Ethernet modems In this example one 945U E is configured as an Access Point and the other as a Client The Access Point can be connected Figure 2 Access Point and Client Example 1 Figure 3 shows an existing LAN being extended using 945U Es In this example the Access Point is configured at the LAN end although the wirele...

Page 9: ...and at the same time can be connected to an Ethernet devices or on a LAN Figure 5 Multiple Clients Multiple Access Points can be set up in a mesh network to provide multiple repeaters Figure 6 Multiple Access Points Bridge vs Router Each 945U E is configured with one IP address for the Ethernet side and another for the wireless side A Bridge connects devices within the same Ethernet network for ex...

Page 10: ...of 128 Client units linked to any single Access Point Figure 8 Router 1 1 Getting Started Quickly Most applications for the 945U E require little configuration The 945U E has many sophisticated features but if you do not require these features you can use this section to configure the units quickly To get started quickly 1 Read Chapter 2 INSTALLATION The 945U E requires an antenna and a power supp...

Page 11: ...maximum transmission distance the antennas should be raised above intermediate obstructions so the radio path is true line of sight The modules will operate reliably with some obstruction of the radio path although the reliable distance will be reduced Obstructions that are close to either antenna will have more of a blocking affect than obstructions in the middle of the radio path The 945U E modu...

Page 12: ...proximately 6 dB of loss and a 10 dBi Yagi antenna would equate to approximately 4 dB of gain which is below the regulated 6 dB limit Bench Test and Demo System Setup Care must be taken with placement of antenna in relation to the radios and the other antennas Strong radio signals can saturate the receiver hindering the overall radio communications When setting up a bench test demo or a short rang...

Page 13: ...nnas are as follows Antenna 945U E Gain dBi Dipole 0 dB Collinear 5 or 8 dBi Directional 10 15 dBi Cable Loss dB per 30 m 100 ft RG58 Cellfoil 9 dB RG213 7 4 dB LDF4 50 2 dB The net gain of the antenna cable configuration is determined by adding the antenna gain and the cable loss For example an 8 dBi antenna 5 8 dBd with 10 meters of Cellfoil 3 dBd has a net gain of 2 8 dB 5 8 dB 3 dB Installatio...

Page 14: ...al 15 ft 5 m cable does not require any additional coaxial cable However a cable must be used with the collinear antennas To obtain maximum range collinear and dipole antennas should be mounted vertically preferably 1 wavelength away from a wall or mast see Figure 10 for distances and at least 3 ft 1 m from the radio module Figure 10 Collinear Dipole Antenna Directional Antennas Directional antenn...

Page 15: ...ink need to in the same plane horizontal or vertical Directional radomes should be installed with the central beam horizontal and must be pointed exactly in the direction of transmission to benefit from the gain of the antenna Parabolic antennas should be mounted as per the manufacturer s instructions with the parabolic grid at the back and the radiating element pointing in the direction of the tr...

Page 16: ...he 945U E is configured as DCE equipment with the pinouts described below Hardware handshaking using the CTS RTS lines is provided The CTS RTS lines may be used to reflect the status of the local unit s input buffer The 945U E does not support XON XOFF Example cable drawings for connection to a DTE host a PC or another DCE hosts or modem are detailed in Figure 13 Figure 13 Serial Cable DB9 Connect...

Page 17: ...r If the module is not at one end of the RS485 cable the switch should be off NOTE Shorter runs of 485 cables may not require the termination resistors to be enabled Figure 14 Multidrop Serial Figure 15 End Plate 2 4 Discrete Digital Input Output The 945U E has one on board discrete digital I O channel This channel can act as either a discrete input or discrete output It can be monitored set remot...

Page 18: ...16 DIO Input The I O channel may also be used as a discrete output The digital outputs are transistor switched DC signals FET output to common rated at 30 Vdc 500 mA NOTE The output circuit is connected to the DIO terminal The digital output circuit includes a LED indicator which is red when the digital output is active Figure 17 DIO Output ...

Page 19: ... Link status is also displayed on the Connectivity page of the Web interface After the link is established data may be transferred in both directions The access point will act as a master unit and will control the flow of data to the clients linked to it Clients can only transmit data to the access point to which they are connected When a client transfers data to another client it first transmits ...

Page 20: ...ication LEDs The Link LED comes on when there is a connection on the Ethernet port and will blink off briefly when activity is detected on the Ethernet port The 100 MB LED indicates that the connection is at 100 MBit sec The 100 MB LED will be off for 10 MB sec connection Other conditions indicating a fault are described in Chapter 4 DIAGNOSTICS 3 1 Selecting a Channel 802 11 900 MHz Channels The ...

Page 21: ...nds for example 1 25 MHz you have more channels available and each channel is non overlapping adjacent channels do not cross over However the data throughput will be considerably lower If you require high data throughput the higher band width will need to be selected and care will also need to be taken with antenna placement Selecting a 20 MHz channel will give the maximum TCP IP throughput of aro...

Page 22: ...oughput for each hop and for each of the channel widths Data Throughput Based on Repeater Hops 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop Signal 20 MHz Channel 10 MHz Channel 5 MHz Channel 72 22 11 5 5 2 8 11 5 5 2 8 1 4 5 5 2 8 1 4 7 75 20 10 5 2 5 10 5 2 5 1 3 5 2 5 1 3 6 81 17 8 5 4 3 2 1 8 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 4 3 2 1 1 1 5 84 11 5 5 2 8 1 4 5 5 2 8 1 4 7 2 8 1 4 69 34 88...

Page 23: ...ion of normal operation Accessing Configuration for the First Time Because the default IP address of the 945U E is within the range 192 168 0 XXX the module may not connect to your network or PC There are two methods for accessing the configuration for the first time Method 1 Change your computer settings so that the configuring PC is on the same network as the 945U E with the factory default sett...

Page 24: ... 8 Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected If the PC uses a proxy server ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses This option may be modified by opening Tools Internet Options Connections Tab LAN Settings Proxy Server bypass proxy for local addresses 9 Enter the default IP address for the 945U E The ...

Page 25: ...7 by selecting Tools Internet Options Advanced Security Warn about certificate address mismatch Method 2 Set 945U E Network Address to Match the Local Network For this method you will need to determine what IP address Gateway address and netmask to assign to the 945U E so that it appears on your network Ask your system administrator if you do not know the correct settings for your network The defa...

Page 26: ...8 0 XXX 7 Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected If the PC uses a proxy server ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses This option may be modified by opening Tools Internet Options Connections Tab LAN Settings Proxy Server bypass proxy for local addresses 8 Enter the IP address for the 945U E into ...

Page 27: ... local bridged networks Ethernet or Wireless IP Address Subnet Mask IP IP address and subnet mask for your application System Address ESSID The system address is a text string 1 to 31 characters long used to identify your system Radio Encryption Radio encryption selection None WPA PSK TKIP WPA PSK AES or WPA2 Refer to 3 7 Security Menu if WEP or enterprise encryption is required WPA Passphrase 128...

Page 28: ... see 3 18 Routing If the module has been configured for VLAN the page will show device mode as VLAN Bridge and the Ethernet IP and netmask will no longer be editable See 3 22 VLAN for details on VLAN configuration A system of 945U Es must have at least one access point configured as a master and have one or more clients All 945U Es should be given the same system address ESSID and radio encryption...

Page 29: ...int Authenticator or client Supplicant If WDS interfaces are used it is possible for one 945U E to act as both an Authenticator and a Supplicant but in this situation only one set of user credentials can be entered for all Supplicants The 945U E supports WPA 1 TKIP WPA 1 AES and WPA 2 AES using a pre shared key PSK WPA PSK TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol enhances WEP by using 128 bit encrypti...

Page 30: ...ach interface will have its own netmask Default Gateway This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that are not connected to any of the local bridged networks Ethernet or Wireless This is only required if the wired LAN has a gateway unit that connects to devices beyond the LAN for example Internet access If there is no gateway on the LAN set this to the same a...

Page 31: ...lly the unit that handles the majority of traffic in the network Buy default the 945U E is configured with a bridge priority of 32768 The intention is to reduce traffic that the 945U E must handle by placing it at the branch level in the network tree As a branch the 945U E need only pass traffic to devices that are its leaf nodes There is some overhead in maintaining a network utilizing the spanni...

Page 32: ...om the configured unit A 945U E can receive and decrypt a message from a module that has a different default key index as long as each module has the same key configured at the same index WEP Open Authentication Mode Station sends an authentication request to the access point Access point then authenticates the station Station then associates with the access point and joins the network WEP Shares ...

Page 33: ... Enterprise Authenticator AP Configuration Figure 29 WPA Enterprise Authenticator RADIUS Server IP Address Port shared secret Connection information for the RADIUS authentication server Supplicant Reauthenticate Period Sets the maximum time at which the Supplicant must re authenticate This parameter determines maximum time a client will have access to the network after its user credentials have be...

Page 34: ...idge Operation Transparent Network A bridge connects several Ethernet networks together and makes them appear as a single Ethernet network to higher protocol layers By default the 945U E is configured as a transparent bridge When a transparent bridge is started it learns the location of other devices by monitoring the source address of all incoming traffic Initially it forwards all traffic between...

Page 35: ...45U E can be configured for different radio transmission rates A reduction in rate increases the reliable range transmission distance The factory default data rate settings are suitable for the majority of applications and should only be modified by experienced users The 945U E allows for a configurable fixed rate or an Auto radio transmission rate When a fixed rate is configured the radio transmi...

Page 36: ...se the transmit power level For example a 36 Mbps data rate will reduce the TX power to 400 mW a 48 Mbps data rate will reduce the power to 200 mW and 54 Mbps data rate will reduce the power to 125 mW Basic Rate This is the default data rate that the access point uses when sending beacons management frames and all broadcast or multicast frames Beacon Interval AP only This interval is the period be...

Page 37: ... Channels Australia Figure 33 Australian Channels 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration Some of the more advanced radio settings have been moved from the normal Radio configuration page to the Advanced Radio Settings page to simplify the configuration process Care should be taken when making changes to parameters on this page Figure 34 Advanced Radio Settings ...

Page 38: ...smitted in more than one message fragmented Interference Mitigation Access point only Interference Mitigation should only be turn on default is Off if using demo whip antennas or if there is a high level of background interference By enabling this option the radio will dynamically adjust radio parameters to help mitigate interference based on any background interference It will reduce the receiver...

Page 39: ...aken in selecting these IP addresses If you want to use routing over this serial network connection the IP addresses selected must not lie on wireless or wired Ethernet networks already configured into the device You must ensure they set routing rules appropriately for devices either side of the network If you want the serial device visible as present on the wireless or wired network then the loca...

Page 40: ...ulticast group or Modbus Server When configured as server the module will wait for a TCP connection to be initiated by a remote client Client When configured as client the module will automatically attempt to connect to a specified remote server using TCP Multicast Group When configured as multicast group the module will broadcast data to all members of the same multicast group using UDP With the ...

Page 41: ...vely HyperTerminal may be used to connect to a serial port on the 945U E When creating the HyperTerminal connection select Connect Using TCP IP Winsock enter the IP address of the 945U E and the port selected in the Network Port field Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway The Modbus TCP to RTU gateway allows an Ethernet Modbus TCP client master to communicate with a serial Modbus RTU slave The 945U E makes th...

Page 42: ... Password Password to access RS 232 PPP server Local IP Address Select the IP address of the PPP server The remote device may be made visible on the Ethernet or wireless networks by either utilizing proxy arp or routing The proxy arp feature may be enabled by setting the local IP address the same as the Ethernet IP address or the wireless IP address The module will respond on behalf of the remote ...

Page 43: ...l Gateway Mode Modbus Allows a serial Modbus client master to connect with a single Ethernet Modbus TCP server slave Character Timeout Enter the maximum delay in msec between received serial characters before packet is sent via network Packet Size The number of received bytes that will be buffered before a packet is sent via the network Modbus Server Port Enter the TCP port number of the remote se...

Page 44: ... Multicast Pipe Figure 38 Multicast Group Enabled Enables or disables the multicast pipe manager Server Port Server port used by the multicast pipe manager Will need to be configured the same as the port on the client for example SCADA or DCS Multicast Group IP Address Broadcast address used when communicating to all other multicast devices This address will need to be the same on all communicatin...

Page 45: ... purpose I O registers is for intermediate storage as when transferring I O from one Modbus slave device to another Also provided is the status of the onboard digital I O as well as the status of the wireless link and any serial or TCP connections An inverted status of registers 4300 4307 are also available and can be found at register locations 4370 4377 The status register will contain the value...

Page 46: ... The Modbus TCP server is shared with the Modbus TCP to RTU gateway so that the Modbus device ID is used to determine if a Modbus transaction is to be routed to the onboard Modbus TCP server or to a Modbus RTU device connected to the serial port Care should be taken to ensure that all serially connected Modbus devices use a different Modbus device ID Modbus slave address than the onboard Modbus TC...

Page 47: ...etween each of the mappings directed at any server The Reset Registers on Comms Fail option is enabled with a timeout of 60 seconds indicating that any of the registers at unit B will be reset if a successful Modbus transaction involving that register has not been executed in the last 60 seconds The Modbus TCP to RTU gateway at B must also be enabled see RS 232 RS485 Modbus TCP RTU Converter to al...

Page 48: ...enable the onboard Modbus TCP client I O to be transferred via the Modbus TCP client is specified with Modbus TCP client mappings Modbus Client Scan Rate Enter the delay in milliseconds between execution of consecutive Modbus TCP client mappings to the same server Reset Registers on Comms Fail When enabled the value in any onboard I O register will be reset to zero if a valid Modbus transaction di...

Page 49: ...he periods of poor performance during transition to the next access point Figure 43 Roaming The following settings and thresholds can be configured to fine tune the fast roaming process Fast Roaming Fast roaming allows a client station to roam to an access point with a stronger signal strength without disrupting communications or roam seamlessly between multiple access points based on configuratio...

Page 50: ... reducing the overall scan time During the background scan a client will scan all of the channels in the scan list to identify better access points If no channels are configured it will scan all channels Figure 44 Scan List The configuration in Figure 44 shows that the client will start scanning when the RSSI of its current connection to the access point falls below 90 dBm When this happens it wil...

Page 51: ... address whereas the bridge must go through a learning phase where all broadcast traffic must be retransmitted on each interface Routed networks may also be used in some cases to avoid the overhead introduced by the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol when network loops exist Important Notes All access points must be configured on the same fixed radio channel Auto Channel Selection must not be selected ...

Page 52: ... Point to point configures the connection as a fixed link SSID MAC Address AP Mode Specify the SSID that this virtual access point will use Stations connecting to this virtual access point use this SSID Sta Mode Specify the SSID that this virtual station will use when connecting to other access points Point to Point Mode Specify the MAC address of an access point with which a fixed link will be es...

Page 53: ... B is shown above this page is accessible via the Repeaters link from the configuration webpages Site B is acting as an access point for Site A and is a client to Site C likewise Site C is acting as an access point for Site B and a client for Site D Since this example is a bridged network all devices are on the same IP network and each link is using a different SSID there is no possibility of loop...

Page 54: ...hen needs a separate connection to the next access point which is provided using the WDS Virtual Access Points and Stations Site B is acting as a virtual AP for Site A which in turn is acting as a virtual station At the same time Site B is also acting as a virtual station for Site C which in turn is acting as a virtual access point This setup can be replicated to extend the range and will allow an...

Page 55: ...t first and lower priority values to interfaces that you want spanning tree to select last If all interfaces have the same priority value the MAC address is used to work out the priority To illustrate the redundancy consider that if Site A needs to send data to Site D it has redundant paths through both B and C However due to the Spanning Tree Protocol only one of B or C will relay the data with t...

Page 56: ...e data with each other The bridged example has the advantage of redundancy but at the expense of extra overhead The routed example below cannot provide the redundancy of the bridged example and requires more configuration effort but does not have the overhead of using the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol and therefore is suited to fixed installations that do not require redundancy Figure 53 WDS Route...

Page 57: ...rwarded to Site B via WDS link address 192 168 0 3 The second routing rule is similar except the destinations IP address range is 192 168 6 0 with a netmask of 255 255 255 0 indicating all traffic for the 192 168 6 X network will be routed through the WDS link address 192 168 0 4 This is the WDS router IP address that Site C has been configured with for its WDS link to Site A For more information ...

Page 58: ...nd C as gateways to those networks The routing rules for the access point in the above example are shown below The first entry shows the route to LAN B The gateway for the route to LAN B is configured as the wireless IP address of the 945U E client connected to LAN B The destination for the route is configured as the network address of LAN B Because the host ID of the destination IP address is 0 i...

Page 59: ...onfigured as a bridge the 945U E will transmit all broadcast messages appearing at its wired Ethernet port When the 945U E is configured as a router this does not occur In many cases the intended recipient of the broadcast traffic does not lie at the opposite end of a proposed radio link Reducing unnecessary broadcast traffic sent over the radio link will increase available bandwidth for data The ...

Page 60: ...ion PC from making any further changes to configuration Design of the filter may be simplified by monitoring network traffic and forming a profile of traffic on the wired network Network analysis software such as the freely available Wireshark program will list broadcast traffic sent on the network In the example in Figure 60 device B needs to communicate with device E via modems C and D The filte...

Page 61: ...ecified the protocol of the packet must also match If the protocol is TCP or UDP the source or destination TCP UDP can also be inspected If the IP address and protocol matches and the source or destination port number falls within the range specified the packet is matched NOTE Configuration pages use TCP protocol on ports 80 and 443 Create whitelist rules specifying the configuration PC s IP addre...

Page 62: ...nfigured as a DHCP client the Device Name on the Module Information page will be the module identifier as the IP address will be unknown and so should be given a unique name 3 20 DHCP Server Configuration The 945U E is able to act as a DHCP server supplying IP addresses automatically to other DHCP client devices Note that the 945U E units need to act in conjunction with their connected devices If ...

Page 63: ...upports VLAN Pass through Mode A transparent bridge in which frames are forwarded unmodified This is the default mode of the modem in which all frames pass transparently through the bridge regardless of whether they are VLAN tagged or untagged This is the most common VLAN mode and requires no VLAN configuration at all In VLAN Pass through mode access to the internal management functions is via unt...

Page 64: ...t IP and Management Netmask addresses will override the modules IP Address and Subnet Mask and the Device Mode will be changed to VLAN Bridge These changes will be indicated on the Network page of the module A Management VLAN is created to ensure that the module will be accessible for configuration and diagnostics after setup If more than one interface is added to a VLAN group a separate bridge wi...

Page 65: ...sed configuration and IP based functions such as serial gateway Modbus server is provided via this management IP address and subnet mask NOTE If only one VLAN group is configured it must have a management IP and netmask If further VLAN groups are configured groups 2 9 they only need a Management IP and subnet if access to the modules IP based functions such as Modbus or webpages is required Manage...

Page 66: ...ta arriving at the Ethernet port is expected to have VLAN tagged data with VLAN ID 10 and any data sent from the Ethernet port will have the VLAN tag added This example allows wireless data from VLAN unaware devices to be bridged with the Ethernet interface and have VLAN tags added the Ethernet connection is now part of a VLAN trunk that will send receive data to from other VLAN aware devices Figu...

Page 67: ...rks need not be VLAN aware Untagged data from each of the wireless interfaces is individually bridged with one of the three VLAN aware virtual interfaces VLAN ID 10 VLAN ID 20 and VLAN ID 30 on the physical Ethernet interface which forms a VLAN trunk Untagged data transferred via the first wireless interface wi0 is internally bridged with the virtual interface VLAN ID 10 Likewise untagged data tra...

Page 68: ...ork Each wireless interface is configured as untagged to allow connection from untagged devices VLAN Group 2 is using the standard wireless interface which is configured from the main network page while the other two are each using one of the WDS repeater virtual interfaces VLAN Group 2 is bridging the default wireless interface with the VLAN ID 10 virtual Ethernet interface Configuration of the w...

Page 69: ...ces example above shows that each group is using a different VLAN priority Priorities can be given to each interface by configuring a value between zero and seven seven being the highest priority and one being the lowest These values can be used to prioritize the configured VLAN networks In our example the Production VLAN has the highest priority which means it will have more time slots available ...

Page 70: ... the OK LED will flash The OK LED will turn green when the reset sequence is complete Extending a Wired Network Figure 69 Example Configuration 1 Access Point Configuration 1 Connect a straight through Ethernet cable between the PC and the 945U E 2 Ensure that the configuration of the PC and the 945U E are setup to communicate on the same network 3 Set DIP switch to SETUP mode 4 Power up the unit ...

Page 71: ... method match the access point 5 If encryption is used ensure the encryption keys or passphrase match the access point Client 2 Configuration Same as client 1 configuration except set the Ethernet and wireless IP addresses as 192 168 0 202 Connecting Two Networks Together Figure 70 Example Configuration 2 LAN A Configuration In this example network A is connected to the Internet via a router at IP...

Page 72: ...s Point d Set the Device Mode to Router e Set the Gateway IP Address to 192 168 0 1 f Set the Ethernet IP Address to 192 168 0 200 network mask 255 255 255 0 g Set the Wireless IP Address to 169 254 102 54 network mask 255 255 255 0 h Select the Radio Encryption required and enter encryption keys or passphrase if necessary i Set the DIP switch to RUN j Click Save to Flash and Reset The webpage wil...

Page 73: ...rsion 2 14 Extending Network Range with a Repeater Hop Configure units as described in Extending a Wired Network Place the access point at the remote intermediate repeater location Additional repeaters can be added using wireless distribution system WDS Refer to 3 16 Repeaters WDS for details Figure 71 Example of Repeaters ...

Page 74: ... and remains in shutdown until the fault is rectified During module boot up the OK LED flashes red green until the boot sequence is complete Boot Status LED Indication During Startup The OK LED indicates the status of the module during the boot up process At power on the OK LED comes on red During kernel boot the OK LED flashes red green at a 1 Hz rate 1 2 second red 1 2 second green During module...

Page 75: ...t up of the module or by selecting Background Scanning on the Radio page Figure 73 Connectivity Site Survey SSID The service set identifier or network name used to identify a particular network BSSID The MAC media access control address of the access point CHAN The radio channel being used RATE Maximum radio data rate S N Signal strength and noise level In the case shown in Figure 73 the signal is...

Page 76: ... the radio as an access point with no data transfer and on each channel of interest record the channel utilization over a period of time The channel with the lowest channel utilization will be the quietest channel and therefore likely to provide the best performance This procedure in addition to the throughput test is recommended for complete radio path testing Diagnosing Low Throughput When Iperf...

Page 77: ...ws the radio receive noise floor for the last 60 seconds Figure 75 RX Noise Floor Figure 76 shows the average channel utilization for each minute up to one hour It will also give a running average for the total number of minutes up to 59 minutes Figure 76 Channel Utilization Minutes Figure 77 shows the running radio receive noise floor average for each minute up to 59 minutes ...

Page 78: ...or Noise Clear channel assessment CCA is the detection of any ongoing transmissions or noise for example from devices such as wireless I O 900 MHz FHSS cordless phones or RC devices By configuring the different chart options you can get a clear idea of the amount of data being transmitted and received and the amount of other noise that can be heard at the radio Configure what is to be logged on ea...

Page 79: ...st measured in terms of the maximum throughput that can be achieved The recommended method of measuring throughput is with the Iperf utility Iperf has client and server functionality where the server waits for a client connection For wireless links it is recommended that Iperf throughput testing is performed on point to point links while the remainder of the wireless network is inactive not sendin...

Page 80: ...as been reset See 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration NOTE TCP Throughput test must be run using Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 or later Figure 81 Throughput Test Configuration To run an internal throughput test 1 Connect to the webpage of the module that will be performing the Iperf test 2 Select the System Tools link on the right pane of the webpage and then select TCP Throughput Test The screen sho...

Page 81: ...second It is recommended to perform this throughput test a number of times to get a better sample of the overall throughput Figure 84 lperf Throughput The expected throughput will depend on a number of things including the distance setting selected channel width and whether you are using the internal Iperf utility or running Iperf externally on a laptop or PC at both ends of the link The following...

Page 82: ...m Internal 7 Mbps 5 Mbps 4 Mbps 2 2 Mbps 1 3 Mbps 10000 m External 10 Mbps 7 Mbps 5 Mbps 2 4 Mbps 1 4 Mbps 4 5 Statistics The Statistics webpage is used for advanced debugging of 945U E This webpage details the state of the 945U E and performance information This page is typically useful to ELPRO technical support personnel in diagnosing problems with the module NOTE When updating the Statistics w...

Page 83: ...ent from the client to the access point the access point will always ACKnolwedge the client When a Broadcast Message is sent from access point to the client no ACK will be sent back Management Frames Can be probes authenticate associate messages RTS messages beacons and so on Network Traffic Analysis There are many devices and PC programs that will analyze performance of an Ethernet network Freely...

Page 84: ...ough test of radio paths is a throughput test which will check the amount of data that can be reliably achieved via the wireless link There are a number of software tools that you can use to check the data throughput for example FTP file transfer protocol Iperf or Qcheck The preferred application is Iperf which has been configured in each modem and can be enabled to perform this test It can also b...

Page 85: ... access point is greater than the configured RSSI Weak Threshold If the RSSI to the access point is less than the RSSI Weak Threshold the RS232 LED will be off When the Radio Path Test is enabled the OK LED will flash alternately between green and red indicating that it is in a diagnostic mode Throughput Test The second test is the throughput test which when enabled performs a basic throughput tes...

Page 86: ...s Serial or I O Transfer should be disabled and if using the throughput test the Iperf Server option on the Advanced Radio Settings page for the access point must be enabled 4 8 Remote Configuration Because a module configuration is viewed and changed in a Web format which uses TCP IP protocol you can view or change the configuration of a remote module via the wireless link provided the remote mod...

Page 87: ...er of associated stations 5001 Both Current radio channel See 3 1 Selecting a Channel for channel details 5002 Both Number of wireless interfaces configured including virtual interfaces wi1 wi10 5010 Both Wireless adapter wi0 link status 5011 Both Wireless adapter wi0 link status inverted 5012 Both Wireless adapter wi0 number associated stations for this interface 5013 AP Only Wireless adapter wi0...

Page 88: ...failed due to MIC failure 4514 Both Receive message failed due to FIFO overrun 4516 Both Beacon missed interrupts 4518 Both Total data packet sent on the interface 4520 Both Transmit frames with antenna 1 TX RX 4522 Both Transmit frames with antenna 2 RX 4524 Both Transmitter antenna switches 4526 Both Transmitter on chip retries 4528 Both Transmit message failed due to too many retries 4530 Both ...

Page 89: ...IP address for the 945U E at first startup This command would be written as ping 192 168 0 118 Press Enter to send the ping command The PC will reply with an acknowledgment of the command and if the 945U E is correctly configured the reply will look similar to Figure 89 Figure 89 Ping Figure 90 shows the response of the ping t 192 168 0 118 command Figure 90 Ping t This t command is used to repeat...

Page 90: ...ess of the remote computer It will also show any other devices on the network to which it may be connected Figure 92 Arp The command used in the above example is arp a It shows the PC s IP address as did the previous ipconfig command in this case the IP address is still 192 168 0 17 It also shows the IP address and its associated MAC address of any another device that has a connection to it The co...

Page 91: ...s Gateway IP 192 168 0 1 IP Address 192 168 2 201 Ethernet IP 192 168 0 191 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway IP 192 168 2 51 Wireless IP 192 168 2 051 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 In the Network A PC a routing rule is to be set This will allow Network A and B to have access to each other This is entered under the command prompt as follows Route ADD 192 168 2 0 MASK 255 255 ...

Page 92: ...or IEEE 802 3 Link Activity Link 100baseT via LED Serial Port RS232 DB9 Female DCE RTS CTS DTR DCD RS485 2 Pin Terminal Block Non isolated 6 Data Rate Bps 1200 2400 4800 9600 14400 19200 38400 57600 76800 115200 230400 Bps Serial Settings 7 8 Data Bits Stop Start Parity Configurable Protocols Configuration System Address ESSID 1 31 Character Text String Protocols Supported TCP IP UDP ARP SNMP RADI...

Page 93: ...mm 4 5 x 6 7 x 1 2 Housing Powder Coated Aluminum Mounting DIN Rail Terminal Blocks Removable Max conductor 12AWG 2 5 mm2 Temperature Rating 40 to 60 C 40 to 140 F Humidity Rating 0 99 RH Non condensing Weight 0 5 kg 1 1 lb Pollution Degree 2 Not sealed not subject to dust dirt condensation Installation Category 2 Transient voltages are not higher than 2 5 kV at 250 V ac supply Altitude 2000 m Pow...

Page 94: ... traffic over the link from other devices as much as possible If necessary create a temporary separate radio network to perform the upgrade to remote modules Web based Upgrade Web based firmware upgrade is available from the System tools page by selecting Firmware Upgrade Firmware upgrade is performed by uploading a patch file that is specific to the currently installed firmware version If the dev...

Page 95: ...h a server access point Crossover Cable A cable used for networking two computers without the use of a hub Crossover cables may also be required for connecting a cable or DSL modem to a wireless gateway or access point The cable is wired so that the signals crossover connecting transmit signal on one side to receiver signals on the other CSMA CA Carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance is...

Page 96: ... four computers a large hub can connect 48 or more Hz Hertz The international unit for measuring frequency equivalent to the older unit of cycles per second One megahertz MHz is one million hertz One gigahertz GHz is one billion hertz The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz the AM broadcast radio frequency band is 535 1605 kHz the FM broadcast radio frequency band is 88 108 MHz and wir...

Page 97: ...ground noise Transmit Power The power at which the wireless devices transmits usually expressed in mW or dBm MAC Address Media Access Control MAC address is a unique code assigned to most forms of networking hardware The address is permanently assigned to the hardware so limiting a wireless network s access to hardware such as wireless cards is a security feature employed by closed wireless networ...

Page 98: ...dress it may get routed differently through the network At the other end TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to forward them as single message TCP IP The underlying technology behind the Internet and communications between computers in a network The first part TCP is the transport part which matches the size of the messages on either end and guarantees that...

Page 99: ...eless Ethernet Modem Device Server User Manual 99 Rev Version 2 14 Term Definition Wi Fi Wireless Fidelity An interoperability certification for wireless local area network LAN products based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11 standard ...

Page 100: ... The following table provides dBm to mW conversion Watts dBm 10 mW 10 dB 13 mW 11 dB 16 mW 12 dB 20 mW 13 dB 25 mW 14 dB 32 mW 15 dB 40 mW 16 dB 50 mW 17 dB 63 mW 18 dB 79 mW 19 dB 100 mW 20 dB 126 mW 21 dB 158 mW 22 dB 200 mW 23 dB 316 mW 25 dB 398 mW 26 dB 500 mW 27 dB 630 mW 28 dB 800 mW 29 dB 1 0 W 30 dB 1 3 W 31 dB 1 6 W 32 dB 2 0 W 33 dB 2 5 W 34 dB 3 2 W 35 dB 4 0 W 36 dB ...

Page 101: ...ion Installation 1 Download the application from the link http sourceforge net projects iperf and save to a location on your PC 2 Extract the zip file to the ROOT directory C on your PC The extracted folder contains the main Iperf application as well as the Jperf graphical interface 3 Copy the extracted folder to the second PC or download to the second PC and extract as described in steps 1 and 2 ...

Page 102: ...gure 97 Bandwidth 4 Using the theoretical throughput calculations shown in the following table you can compare the results with the measured to give an indication of the difference between expected and measured Keep in mind that the theoretical calculations are best case possible results 240U E 245U E G 245U E A 945U E 20Mhz 905U E 805U E 54 Mbps 27 Mbps 27 Mbps 27 Mbps 11 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbp...

Page 103: ... run the Jperf application as shown in Figure 98 The Command Prompt screen will disappear and the Jperf Screen will appear as shown in Figure 99 Figure 98 Jperf Figure 99 Jperf Screen 2 When the Jperf screen appears select the Client option for Iperf Mode and enter the IP address of the server PC Leave Port as default and click Run Iperf The test will run again and the bandwidth throughput display...

Page 104: ...wo steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not ...

Page 105: ...on of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based...

Page 106: ...y free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole ...

Page 107: ...IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR AN...

Page 108: ...www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem Device Server User Manual 108 Notes Rev Version 2 14 ...

Page 109: ...77 US Fax 1 925 924 8502 Online Resources Visit www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources for the following resources and more User Manuals Installation Guides Configuration Software Datasheets Dimensional Drawings North America Latin America 5735 W Las Positas Suite 100 Pleasanton California 94588 USA Telephone 1 925 924 8500 elpro sales cooperindustries com Australia New Zealand Cooper Technology...

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