Contec AI-1204Z-PE Reference Manual Download Page 11

Page: 11 / 85

—

Introduction

—

AI-1204Z-PE Reference Manual

—

Support Software

You can use CONTEC support software according to your purpose and development environment.
For more details on the supported OS, applicable languages, or to download the latest version of
software, visit the CONTEC Web site.

Name

Contents

How to get

Driver software

API-AIO(WDM)

The API-AIO(WDM) is the Windows version driver

software that provides products in the form of

Win32 API functions (DLL). Various sample

programs such as Visual Basic and Visual C++, etc

and diagnostic program useful for checking

operation is provided.

Download from the

CONTEC website

Download the files from the following URL.

Download

https://www.contec.com/download/

Summary of Contents for AI-1204Z-PE

Page 1: ... CONTENTS PC HELPER Series 10MSPS 12 bit Analog Input Board for PCI Express AI 1204Z PE Introduction 5 Safety Precautions 13 Setup 19 Installation 33 Software 42 Function 47 Appendix 72 Customer Support and Inquiry 82 ...

Page 2: ...river Software Installation 21 1 Starting Up the Install Program 21 3 Hardware Setting 22 1 Nomenclature of Product Components 22 2 Termination Resistor Setting Switch 23 3 Board ID Setting Switch 23 4 Sync Signal Control Connectors 24 4 Hardware installation 25 1 Plugging the Board 25 2 Turning on the PC 26 5 Driver Software Initialization 27 1 Setting the device name 27 6 Operation Check 29 1 Ch...

Page 3: ...45 6 Uninstalling the Driver Software 46 Function 47 1 Analog Input Function 48 1 Setting the Conversion Conditions 49 2 Starting Stopping Operation 59 3 Monitoring the Status and Acquiring Data 60 4 Reset 66 2 Digital Input Function 67 1 Input bit 67 2 Input in Bits 67 3 Input in Bytes 67 4 Digital filter 67 3 Digital Output Function 68 1 Output bit 68 2 Output in Bits 68 3 Output in Bytes 68 4 E...

Page 4: ... 4 Table of Contents Customer Support and Inquiry 82 1 Services 83 ...

Page 5: ... 5 Introduction This section provides necessary information of the product such as the outline bundled items and manuals before actual use ...

Page 6: ...e Must read this after opening the package This lists the product configuration and describes the precautions Included in the package Printed matter Reference Manual This Document Read this when operating the product This describes the hardware aspects such as functions and settings Download from the Contec website PDF Download Manuals Download the manuals accordingly from the following URL Downlo...

Page 7: ... a same time The bus master transfer function allow continuous data acquisition to be performed at high speed for a long period Sampling can be started and stopped by software conversion data comparison level comparison in range comparison out of range comparison external trigger or event controller output Uses a BNC connector that can connect directly to the signal source Also features four digit...

Page 8: ...chronization control connector for synchronized operation A synchronization control connector is provided for synchronized control of up to 16 boards This means the number of channels can be increased simply by adding boards It is also easy to synchronize operation with other CONTEC boards that have a synchronization control connector Bus master transfer function allows continuous data acquisition...

Page 9: ...vided Using the driver software API AIO WDM which can be downloaded from the CONTEC website makes it possible to create applications of Windows In addition a Diagnostic Program to confirm the hardware operations is included in the software as well Functions and connectors are compatible with PCI compatible board AI 1204Z PCI The functions same with PCI compatible board AI 1204Z PCI is provided In ...

Page 10: ...st The product consists of the items listed below Check with the following list that your package is complete If you discover damaged or missing items contact your retailer Product 1 Setup Guide 1 Warranty Certificate 1 Serial Number Label 1 Synchronization Control Cable 1 ...

Page 11: ...of software visit the CONTEC Web site Name Contents How to get Driver software API AIO WDM The API AIO WDM is the Windows version driver software that provides products in the form of Win32 API functions DLL Various sample programs such as Visual Basic and Visual C etc and diagnostic program useful for checking operation is provided Download from the CONTEC website Download the files from the foll...

Page 12: ... 2m BNC B300 3m Conversion Cable 16 Pin to 15 Pin with Bracket DT E3 150mm Shielded Cable with Connector on both sides for 15 pin D Type Connector PCB15PS 1 5P 1 2 1 5m General Purpose Terminal M3 x 15P FTP 15 3 1 DT E3 is required 2 It is required only when FTP 15 is used 3 DT E3 and PCB15PS 1 5P optional cable is required separately Visit the CONTEC website for the latest optional products Websi...

Page 13: ... 13 Safety Precautions Understand the following definitions and precautions to use the product safely Never fail to read them before using the product ...

Page 14: ...stand the meanings of these labels to operate the equipment safely DANGER DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or serious injury WARNING WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury CAUTION CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in...

Page 15: ...roduct to the expansion slot and do not plug or unplug the cables which are connected to this product while the PC or expansion unit is still turned on Otherwise this product may malfunction overheat or cause a failure Be sure that the personal computer power is turned off Do not touch the external connector BNC connector when the power is on Otherwise this may malfunction cause a failure due to s...

Page 16: ... Safety Precautions AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual 16 1 EN55032Class A Notice Warning Operation of this equipment in a residential environment could cause radio interference ...

Page 17: ... No condensation Corrosive gases None Floating dust particles Not to be excessive 4 Inspection Inspect the product periodically as follows to use it safely 5 Storage When storing this product keep it in its original packing form Put this product in the storage bag Wrap it in the packing material and then put it in the box Store the package at room temperature at a place free from direct sunlight m...

Page 18: ... Safety Precautions AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual 18 6 Disposal When disposing of the product follow the disposal procedures stipulated under the relevant laws and municipal ordinances ...

Page 19: ... 19 Setup This section explains how to set up this product ...

Page 20: ...tion program development using the driver software API AIO WDM Taking the following steps sets up the driver software and hardware You can use the diagnosis program later on to check whether the driver software and hardware function properly Step 1 Driver Software Installation page21 Step 2 Hardware Setting page22 Step 3 Hardware Installation page23 Step 4 Driver Software Initialization page27 Ste...

Page 21: ... detailed OS installation procedure refer to Help APITOOL chm in the folder that installed the development environment package from CONTEC website 1 Starting Up the Install Program 1 Download the API AIO WDM from CONTEC website 2 Expand the downloaded file 3 Execute the installer in the expanded folder As the installer differs depending on OS used check the list below to execute Other than Windows...

Page 22: ...t and how to connect it to a PC 1 Nomenclature of Product Components Component names of the product are shown in the figure below No Name No Name 1 Interface Connector 4 Connector for Synchronization control 2 Termination register switch 5 Connector for digital I O signal control signal 3 Setting Switches ...

Page 23: ...or is inserted Check the output current of the input signal source if connecting the termination resistor Inappropriate use of the termination resistor may damage the input signal source Termination resistor setting If you want to set a termination resistor set the switch corresponding to the desired channel to the connector side Termination resistor 50Ω setting Enabled Termination resistor 50Ω se...

Page 24: ... Setup AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual 24 4 Sync Signal Control Connectors The product indicates its operation state by means of light emitting diodes The LED indicates as listed below ...

Page 25: ... the cover back into place CAUTION Do not touch the board s metal plated terminals edge connector with your hands Otherwise the board may malfunction overheat or cause a failure If the terminals are touched by someone s hands clean the terminals with industrial alcohol Do not install or remove the board to or from the slot while the computer s power is turned on Otherwise the board may malfunction...

Page 26: ...and then remount one of them on the computer it is unknown that which one of the sets of resources previously assigned to the two boards is assigned to the remounted board In this case you must check the resource settings 2 When Using the API AIO WDM When the Found New Hardware Wizard opens select Install the software automatically Recommended and then click the Next button The wizard may not appe...

Page 27: ...ange the device name follow the setting procedure described below 1 Setting the device name 1 Run Device Manager For Windows10 right click on the Windows mark start button on the lower left side of the screen and then select the Device Manager from the displayed menu For other than Windows 10 From the Control Panel select the Hardware and Sounds or the System and then select the Device Manager 2 T...

Page 28: ...he OK The device name you set here is used later when programming The initial device name that appears is a default value You can use this default name if you wish Make sure that you do not use the same name for more than one device For Board IDs the values of the setting switches are displayed 4 You have now finished initializing the driver software ...

Page 29: ...is product has been set up appropriately 1 Check Method Connect the product to an external target device to test the communication and check the execution environment To connect an external target device see Connecting to an External Device page36 2 Using the Diagnosis Program Starting the Diagnosis Program Click Diagnosis on the Properties page to start the diagnosis program ...

Page 30: ...tates of the product in the following boxes Analog input Select the input channel and input type from the lists Input data is plotted on a graph Digital I O The upper row of circular lamps indicates the digital input states Red indicates the bit is ON and brown indicates OFF Clicking the lower row of switches turns the digital output bits ON or OFF ...

Page 31: ...s displays detailed data including product settings and the diagnosis results while saving them in text format The diagnosis program performs the presence or absence of the product driver file test the board setting test and so on 2 A diagnosis report is displayed as shown below ...

Page 32: ... voltage input check by connecting a battery or similar if you do not have any other suitable signal source Also check that connecting to analog ground reads correctly as 0V The diagnostic program works properly but the application program does not The diagnostic program uses the API AIO WDM functions If the diagnostic program works properly other applications should also work properly If you have...

Page 33: ... 33 Installation This section describes how to connect to an external device with a cable ...

Page 34: ...nal device to this product plug the cable from the device into the interface connector CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 CN5 shown below This product has five interface connectors the CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 BNC connector for analog inputs and the CN5 16 pin pin header connector for digital inputs outputs Interface Connector Shape Examples of Connecting Options ...

Page 35: ...escription Analog Input0 Analog Input3 Analog input signals The numbers correspond to channel numbers Analog Ground Analog input signals The numbers correspond to channel numbers CAUTION If analog and digital ground are shorted together noise on the digital signals may affect the analog signals Accordingly analog and digital ground should be separated ...

Page 36: ... N C B08 N C Signal name Description Digital Input 0 Digital Input 3 Digital input signal Digital Out 0 Digital Output 3 Digital output signal External Start Trigger Input External trigger input signal for sampling start conditions External Stop Trigger Input External trigger input signal for sampling stop conditions External Sampling Clock Input External sampling clock input signal AI Status Outp...

Page 37: ...e 1 Digital Output 0 9 Digital Output 1 2 Digital Output 2 10 Digital Output 3 3 Digital Ground 11 Digital Input 0 4 Digital Input 1 12 Digital Input 2 5 Digital Input 3 13 External Start Trigger Input 6 External Stop Trigger Input 14 External Sampling Clock Input 7 AI Status Output 15 Digital Ground 8 Reserved ...

Page 38: ... receive noise or the distance between this product and the signal source is too long data may not be input properly The analog signal to be input should not exceed the maximum input voltage based on this product analog ground If it exceeds the maximum voltage this product may be damaged Input data remains indeterminate when no input pin is connected The input pin for the channel not connected to ...

Page 39: ...nnect your external devices to CN5 Pulse width about 50nsec synchronized with internal sampling clock is output to the AI Status Output pin However if the sampling clock setting is set to the external sampling clock input level L is always output AI Status Output pin is an output in positive logic All the digital I O signals and control signals are LVTTL level signals Digital Input Connection Digi...

Page 40: ...om a slave board A maximum of 16 boards can be connected including the master For more information on the setup procedure see the driver software online help Example 1 When clock start and stop requirements are set the same for multiple boards In order to synchronize master clock start and stop with slave boards you can build a synchronous system which does not depend on software processing capabi...

Page 41: ...signal to be output from the master 4 Set signals from the master to the start requirements on the slave boards 5 Start in order of slave to master boards 2 Connecting the Sync Connectors CN6 CN7 Controlling simultaneous operations between boards or controlling in sync with events is in part depe Connection Procedure Connect the sync signal cable when two or more boards need to operate in sync wit...

Page 42: ... 42 Software This section describes analog input and output driver for Windows developed by CONTEC ...

Page 43: ...lick on CONTEC API PAC W32 API TOOL WDM HELP to display help information If this link cannot be found go to the Start menu on Windows task bar click CONTEC API AIO WDM API AIO WDM HELP The information for application development such as function reference is provided in API AIO WDM Help Detailed introduction to search method for help should be found from How to navigate Help in the help Refer to t...

Page 44: ...ng duration analog input using a FIFO buffer AiExt Perform analog input using an external clock AiTrg Perform analog input using an external trigger to start and stop operation AiLevel1 Use a level trigger to start analog input AiLevel2 Use a level trigger to stop analog input Ai2 Perform standard analog input using more than one device AiCall Perform analog input using a callback routine AiSync1 ...

Page 45: ...n execution speed measurement program click the execution time measurement button in the diagnostic program Analog Input Measurement Tool It is an analog input measurement utility to carry out infinity sample in the FIFO memory Once the conversion data of memory accumulates to a certain quantity the event occurs and data of the memory is acquired Data in the FIFO memory can be confirmed visually T...

Page 46: ...Driver Use Control Panel Programs and Features to uninstall the development environment Select Windows driver package CONTEC Caio Contec and then click Uninstall Change Uninstall the Development Environment Use Control Panel Programs and Features to uninstall the development environment Select the CONTEC API AIO WDM Analog I O develop and then click the Uninstall ...

Page 47: ... 47 Function This section describes the features achieved by combining hardware and driver functions ...

Page 48: ...uct converts analog signals to digital data according to the resolution and stores it in memory You can set a variety of conditions for analog input including the input channel sampling period and sampling start stop conditions Analog input processes are classified as follows ...

Page 49: ...ed allowing the device to convert analog values to digital equivalents more precisely A device with a resolution of 12 bit divides the range width into 4096 segments When the device covers the range of 0 10V the minimum unit of converted voltages is 10 4096 2 44mV If the device has a resolution of 16 bit it is 10 65536 0 153mV instead The resolution in the product is 12 bit Input Mode Input Mode i...

Page 50: ...s with software There are 0 3 channels in this product Channel Conversion Order Normally when performing conversion for more than one channel at each sampling conversion is performed consecutively starting from channel 0 Software setup is not required as this product uses a fixed channel conversion order priority Range Range means the range of voltages at which analog input can be performed AI 120...

Page 51: ...mory The application calls a function at an appropriate timing and fetches the conversion data from the device buffer The device buffer mode provides function that allows the number of items of conversion data using the number of sampling times as a unit to obtain the number of items of conversion data directly from the voltage User buffer mode A region of application memory to store the conversio...

Page 52: ...of data or in which the memory has become full The FIFO memory is used to obtain all conversion data from analog input in a short or infinite period of time RING format In the ring format the memory contains storage areas arranged in a ring Conversion data are written to the memory sequentially When it stores data exceeding the limit it overwrites the area storing the previous item of conversion d...

Page 53: ...Internal sampling clock The clock signal from the installed clock generator is used External sampling clock The edge of the digital signal input from an external device is used for the sampling clock Event controller output A specified output of the event controller is used as the sampling clock Refer to the explanation of the event controller functions or to the driver help for details about the ...

Page 54: ...on condition is satisfied in the rising direction The start condition is satisfied when the analog signal at the specified channel passes the comparison level in the rising direction Conversion data are stored to memory starting with those at solid dots The above sketch shows that the level comparison condition is satisfied in the falling direction The start condition is satisfied when the analog ...

Page 55: ...of conversion data to memory is performed for the sample points indicated by the black dots If the analog signal already exist within the out range the convention starts immediately Start condition Analog signal Level 2 or Level 1 Analog signal External trigger The product starts waiting for an external control signal as soon as the operation start command is output Sampling and conversion data tr...

Page 56: ...analog signal input through a specified channel to the value of the preset comparison level If the analog signal satisfies the condition the product stops sampling Level comparison conditions are set as two conditions level and direction The above sketch shows that the level comparison condition is satisfied in the rising direction The start condition is satisfied when the analog signal at the spe...

Page 57: ...g signal Level 1 Conversion data out of range comparison The out of range compare stop condition is established when the level on the specified analog channel is outside the range specified by level 1 and level 2 Saving of conversion data to memory is performed for the sample points indicated by the black dots Start condition Analog signal Level 2 or Level 1 Analog signal External trigger The prod...

Page 58: ...ed When a sampling stop condition other than the software abort command is satisfied this product performs sampling for the specified number of times of delayed sampling to store input data to memory If you set the number of times of delayed sampling to 0 this product stops sampling the moment the sampling stop condition is satisfied ...

Page 59: ...t occurs when sampling has been performed for the number of times set by software This event can only be used in device buffer mode Specified number of transfers event This event occurs each time a specified number of samples set by software has been completed This event can only be used in user buffer mode Overflow event This event occurs at an attempt to store conversion data with the memory ful...

Page 60: ...ndition is an external trigger or level comparison The status is set to OFF when the start trigger is input to start conversion Specified sampling data stored This status is set to ON when conversion data stored in memory has reached the amount corresponding to the preset number of times of sampling If the memory format is FIFO the status is set to OFF when the amount of conversion data in the mem...

Page 61: ... stored in memory can be obtained by the software command Transfer The number of sampled items of input data stored in memory can be obtained by the software command This command can only be used in user buffer mode Data acquisition The conversion data stored in memory can be retrieved using a software command The figure below shows the correspondence between the sampling count and the conversion ...

Page 62: ... first The following sketch shows an image of data acquisition in FIFO format When data is acquired from the memory the free memory space increases by that data size When data is acquired next the oldest one of the existing data items is taken from the memory in the same way The FIFO memory deletes data once that data is acquired ...

Page 63: ...e following sketch shows an image of data acquisition in ring format The sampling count obtained is always the number of times of sampling for up to the latest data shaded portion below The larger the number of samples taken the older the data item acquired first As the ring memory retains data even after that data is acquired you can fetch the same data any number of times ...

Page 64: ...onversion data values in binary format In the above example the lower two bytes of the packet contain the channel 0 data and the upper two bytes contain the channel 1 data When using 2channels each packet each data transfer contains the data for one sampling The figure above shows how to set the data in the user buffer for the case when 3channels 0 1 and 2channels are used As each packet contains ...

Page 65: ...oltage Conversion data 16 bit 9 995V 4095 9 99970V 65535 0 005V 2049 0 00031V 32769 0V 2048 0V 32768 0 005V 2047 0 00031V 32767 10 000V 0 10 000V 0 Ex When conversion data 3072 is input at a resolution of 12 bit in the 10V range Voltage 3072 x 10 10 4096 10 5 0 V 0 10V range The following tables show the relationship between AD conversion data and voltage Voltage Conversion data 12 bit Voltage Con...

Page 66: ...r status and AD conversion error status Memory This can only be used when the transfer mode is set to device buffer mode This command resets the following memory related states Resets the conversion data in memory Resets the sampling count to 0 when a stop trigger is input Resets the buffer overflow status Resets the status information for the specified data save count ...

Page 67: ...ecifying the bits 3 Input in Bytes Individual input bits can be input in byte units When the number of input points of the device is 4 the individual input bits are arranged as shown below and the byte data to be input is a value between 0 and 15 depending on the states of the bits EX Input of bit 3 OFF bit 2 ON bit 1 OFF bit 0 ON Byte data 05 5H 4 Digital filter A digital filter can be used on th...

Page 68: ...t 3 2 Output in Bits The state of each output bit can be changed to ON or OFF by specifying the bits and setting it to 1 or 0 3 Output in Bytes Individual output bits can be output in byte units When the number of output points of a device is 4 the individual output bits are arranged as shown below and byte data to be output is a value between 0 and 15 Ex Output of bit3 ON bit 2 OFF bit 1 ON and b...

Page 69: ...are interlinked Customizing the way in which the control signals are used allows more advanced operations to be implemented by synchronizing the different functions within a single device and by synchronizing operation between multiple devices The arrows in the figure show the flow of control signals The main control signals include the operation start signals operation stop signals and clock sign...

Page 70: ...e internal clock to the synchronization connector for output to device 2 The signal destination is synchronization bus master signal 2 and the signal source is the internal clock signal for analog input Device 2 performs analog input in accordance with the control signals received from device 1 5 Set the analog input start condition Device 2 As the control signal from device 1 is used as the start...

Page 71: ...gnal 2 in the synchronization connector Accordingly setup the event controller to use synchronization bus slave signal 2 as the sampling clock for device 2 The signal destination is the sampling clock for analog input and the signal source is synchronization bus slave signal 2 9 Start conversion In this example conversion is started first on device 2 When analog input starts on device 1 analog inp...

Page 72: ... 72 Appendix This section lists the specifications and the physical dimensions of the product ...

Page 73: ...when 50Ωtermination setting enabled Resolution 12bit Conversion accuracy 2 4 Within 4LSB input range 10V Within 6LSB input range 0 10V 5V Within 8LSB input range 0 5V 2 5V Within 10LSB input range 0 2 5V 1 25V Non linear error 2 3 4 3LSB Conversion speed 100nsec Max Passband 3dB 10MHz Conversion start trigger Software conversion data compare external trigger and event controller output Conversion ...

Page 74: ...ion Memory addresses Occupies 2 locations 256MByte Connector used For analog CN1 2 3 4 BNC connector B 901W1AAN03 equivalent mfd By INSERT ENTERPRISE For digital CN5 16pin pin header connector Current consumption Max 5VDC 1600mA 12V 550mA Operating condition 0 50 C 10 90 RH No condensation Bus specification PCI Express Base Specification Rev 2 0 x1 Physical dimensions mm 169 33 L x 110 18 H Weight...

Page 75: ...1000 4 4 Level 3 EN61000 4 4 Level 3 Static electricity resistance Touch 4kV IEC61000 4 2 Level 2 EN61000 4 2 Level 2 Air 8kV IEC61000 4 2 Level 3 EN61000 4 2 Level 3 Vibration resistance Sweep resistance 10 57Hz semi amplitude vibration 0 15mm 57 150Hz 2 0G 40minutes each in X Y and Z directions JIS C60068 2 6 compliant IEC60068 2 6 compliant Shock resistance 147m s2 15G 11ms half sine shock JIS ...

Page 76: ... Appendix AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual 76 2 Physical Dimensions ...

Page 77: ... Appendix AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual 77 3 Circuit Block Diagram ...

Page 78: ...ive data Therefore the following things are caused by a time position relationship between the sampling clock and 100nsec When the sampling clock is input immediately after updating register the error at time is not caused However when the sampling clock is input immediately before updating register because the result which is updated by last time is stored in the internal register the error betwe...

Page 79: ... time of sampling start Rising edge t HRS 50 nsec Set up time of sampling start Falling edge t SFS 50 nsec Hold time of sampling start Falling edge t HFS 50 nsec Set up time of sampling stop Rising edge t SRP 50 nsec Hold time of sampling stop Rising edge t HRP 50 nsec Set up time of sampling stop Falling edge t SFP 50 nsec Hold time of sampling stop Falling edge t HFP 50 nsec CAUTION The times li...

Page 80: ...he instructions displayed by the calibration program Analog input calibration Use a reference voltage generator for analog input calibration As the analog input has 12 bit resolution use the generator device with a precision of at least 4 digits after the decimal point Calibrate for each range and channel that you intend to use This product s calibration function may not be able to compensate when...

Page 81: ...Z PE AI 1204Z PCI For analog CN1 2 3 4 BNC connector B 901W1AAN03 equivalent mfd By INSERT ENTERPRISE DB 414K equivalent mfd By INSERT ENTERPRISE Bus specification PCI Express Base Specification Rev 2 0 x1 32bit 33MHz Universal key shapes supported Current consumption Max 5VDC 1600mA 12V 550mA 5VDC 2500mA ...

Page 82: ... 82 Customer Support and Inquiry CONTEC provides the following support services for you to use CONTEC products more efficiently and comfortably ...

Page 83: ...seful information including product manuals that can be downloaded through the CONTEC website Download https www contec com download You can download updated driver software firmware and differential manuals in several languages Membership registration myCONTEC is required to use the services ...

Page 84: ... Customer Support and Inquiry AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual 84 Revision History MONTH YEAR Summary of Changes June 2020 The First Edition ...

Page 85: ...aka 555 0025 Japan https www contec com No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form by any means without prior written consent of CONTEC CO LTD AI 1204Z PE Reference Manual NA07326 LYYD272 06262020_rev2 06122020 June 2020 Edition ...

Search results

Summary of Contents for AI-1204Z-PE

Reviews:

Contec AI-1204Z-PE, Reference Manual, Page: 11 / 85

Search results

Summary of Contents for AI-1204Z-PE

Reviews: