Commodore 1571 User Manual Download

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Summary of Contents for 1571

Page 1: ...COMMODORE DISK DRIVE 1570 71 Users s Guide COMMODORE DISK DRIVE 1570171 Users s Guide...

Page 2: ...coloured brown must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter L or coloured red USER S MANUAL STATEMENT WARNING This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a Cl...

Page 3: ...Disk Drive User s Guide 1570 1571...

Page 4: ...manual contains copyrighted and proprietary information No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical phot...

Page 5: ...tive directories 12 printing a directory 13 pattern matching 13 splat files 13 CHAPTER 2 BASIC 2 0 COMMANDS 14 error checking 14 BASIC hints 15 save 16 save with replace 16 verify 17 scratch 18 more a...

Page 6: ...data using print 43 closing a file 45 reading file data using input 46 more about input advanced users 47 numeric data storage on diskette 48 reading file data using get 49 demonstration of sequential...

Page 7: ...PROGRAMS 81 disk related kernal subroutines 81 CHAPTER 10 BURST COMMANDS 82 read 82 write 83 inquire disk 83 format MFM 84 format GCR no directory 85 sector interleave 85 query disk format 86 inquire...

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Page 9: ...rd or fast serial rates When used with the Commodore 64 computer the 1571 disk drive supports the standard single density GCR format disks used with the Commodore 1541 1551 4040 and 2031 disk drives N...

Page 10: ...isk Chapter 6 defines the differences between sequential and relative data files and describes how relative data files are created and used on disk Chapter 7 describes direct access disk commands as a...

Page 11: ...ng carton Packed with the 1571 and this book you should find the following 3 prong electrical power cord interface cable Test Demo diskette and a warranty card to be filled out and returned to Commodo...

Page 12: ...the cord where indicated in Figure 2 Plug the other end into a grounded 3 prong outlet Don t tum the power on yet Figure 2 Connection of Power Cord and Interface Cables to 1571 POWER CORD SOCKET GROU...

Page 13: ...and copy protected diskettes Also many loading routines are dependent upon the 1541 speed internal timing However when the drive is in this mode it can t take advantage of the special 1571 features 1...

Page 14: ...not ON Switches on back of drive may not be set for correct device number Another part of the system may be interfering 6 Solution Make sure ON OFF switch is ON Check both ends of power cable to be su...

Page 15: ...can cause increased wear on the drive s read write head If you re using a diskette that is unusually noisy it could be causing added wear and should be replaced 3 The 1571 should be cleaned once a ye...

Page 16: ...xposed parts of a diskette That includes the access slot and the center hub the hole in the middle 2 Don t bend a diskette They re called floppy diskettes but they re not supposed to be flopped 3 Keep...

Page 17: ...HOW TO USE LOADING READY 6 Type RUN 7 Press the RETURN key To load a different program or file simply substitute its name in place of HOW TO USE inside the quotation marks NOTE The HOW TO USE program...

Page 18: ...ance the diskette name cannot be more than sixteen characters and the device is usually 8 Also be sure to type in all punctuation exactly where and how it is shown in the format Finally press the RETU...

Page 19: ...hes the last line If you want to pause stop or slow down the scrolling refer to your particular computer s user s manual for instructions as to which keys to use To get an idea of what a directory loo...

Page 20: ...t lists a single selected type of file For example you could request a list of all sequential data files Chapter 5 or one of all the relative data files Chapter 6 The format for this command is LOAD 0...

Page 21: ...in C64 mode LOAD 0 8 loads the first file on the diskette C64 and Cl28 in C64 mode DLOAD loads the first file on the diskette Plus 4 and C128 in Cl28 mode SPLAT FILES One indicator you may occasionall...

Page 22: ...o receive information from the drive You must close the channel with the CLOSE15 command The following examples show the use of the command channel to NEW an unformat ted disk OPENI5 8 15 PRINT 15 NEW...

Page 23: ...access it with the BASIC GOSUB command either in immediate mode or from a program The RETURN statement in line 60010 will jump back to immediate mode or the next statement in your program whichever i...

Page 24: ...1571 file name is any valid file name up to 14 characters long leaving two for the drive number and colon device is a two digit device number normally OS the leading 0 is required and the addresses to...

Page 25: ...ow will not detect this problem because whatever was saved will have been saved properly VERIFY Although not as necessary with a disk drive as with a cassette BASIC s VERIFY command can be used to mak...

Page 26: ...wrote them is when you are comparing two disk files to see if they are the same This is done by loading one and verifying against the other and can only be done on the same machine and memory size as...

Page 27: ...Never scratch a splat file These are files that show up in a directory listing with an asterisk just before the file type for an entry The asterisk or splat means that file was never properly closed...

Page 28: ...PRINT 15 RENAME0 new name old name or it may be abbreviated as PRINT 15 R0 new name old name where new name is the name you want the file to have and old name is the name it has now new name may be a...

Page 29: ...ou to build them into a RENAME command If this fails you may also use the pattern matching characters in a SCRATCH command This gives you a way to specify the name without using the troublesome charac...

Page 30: ...NE OPTION PRINT lS Cdrive new file file 1 file 2 file 3 file 4 where drive is always 0 NOTE The length of a command string command and filenames is limited to 41 characters EXAMPLES After renaming a f...

Page 31: ...needed with one exception below Similarly any time a diskette contains an improperly closed file splat file indicated by an asterisk next to its file type in the directory that diskette needs to be va...

Page 32: ...the only time you d need to use the com mand is if something happened to make the information in the drive buffers unreliable FORMAT FOR THE INITIALIZE COMMAND EXAMPLE PRINT 15 INITIALIZEdrive PRINT 1...

Page 33: ...60010 RETURN The subroutine reads the error channel and puts the results into the reserved variables DS and DS They are updated automatically by BASIC Two error numbers are harmless means everything i...

Page 34: ...ame per diskette It is possible to get around this problem using the RENAME and SCRATCH commands described later in this chapter If all you wish to do is replace a program or data file with a revised...

Page 35: ...problem FORMAT FOR THE DVERIFY COMMAND DVERIFY file name Ddrive Udevice The following version of the command verifies a file that was just saved DVERIFY This command won t work properly after SAVE WI...

Page 36: ...of the old master file and add file NOTE The length of a command string command and filenames is limited to 41 characters SCRATCH The SCRATCH command allows you to erase unwanted programs and files f...

Page 37: ...the same pattern in the SCRATCH command Recovering from a SCRATCH If you accidentally SCRATCH a file you shouldn t have there is still a chance of saving it Like BASIC s NEW command SCRATCH doesn t re...

Page 38: ...ME command allows you to alter the name of a program or other file in the diskette directory Since only the directory is affected RENAME works very quickly If you try to RENAME a file by using a file...

Page 39: ...have to rename other files first to keep them from being scratched In some cases it may be easier to copy desired files to a different diskette and leave the troublesome files behind COLLECT The COLLE...

Page 40: ...ize Thus collecting such a diskette may result in unallocating all Direct Access files with loss of all their contents when other files are added Unless specifically instructed otherwise never collect...

Page 41: ...This must be done before you select a function from the primary menu screen see below PRIMARY MENU SCREEN After a language is chosen the primary menu screen appears To choose a function use the CRSR k...

Page 42: ...to position the cursor over the desired file then press the SPACE BAR to choose that file If you change your mind press the F5 key to un select the file Press the F7 key to load and run it If you pre...

Page 43: ...ey to return to the last used disk swapping prompt If the STOP key is pressed the function is cancelled and the copy will be incomplete COPY FILES This function makes copies of selected files the type...

Page 44: ...ORMAT THE COPY DISK N Y message is displayed unless however the copy disk has never been formatted in which case the Shell automatically does it without asking you Again whether the answer is Yes or N...

Page 45: ...then asks you if it is OK TO CHANGE FILE LIST N Y If you answer Yes the function continues If you answer No the default answer the Shell returns to file selection with all previous selections intact P...

Page 46: ...38...

Page 47: ...uential files properly we willleam some more BASIC words in the next few pages Then we ll put them together in a simple but useful program NOTE Besides sequential data files two other file types are r...

Page 48: ...with equal ease to diskette cassette printer and screen REMEMBER TO CHECK FOR DISK ERRORS In the last chapter you learned how to check for disk errors after disk commands in a program It is equally im...

Page 49: ...r with the at sign to request OPEN WITH REPLACE file name is the file name maximum length 16 characters Pattern matching characters are allowed in the name when accessing existing files but not when c...

Page 50: ...U8 BASIC 2 0 OPEN 8 8 8 0 PHONES S R It doesn t matter whether the file and channel numbers match the ones we used before but the file name does have to match It s possible to use an abbreviation form...

Page 51: ...more sector block to the file the first time you append to it even if you only add one character of information You may also notice that using the COLLECT or VALIDATE command didn t correct the file s...

Page 52: ...es and or expressions including numbers strings or both However it s better if each PRINT statement to disk include only one data item If you wish to include more items they should be separated by a c...

Page 53: ...memory buffer and only written out to the diskette when the buffer tills Working this way there is almost always a small amount of data in the buffer that has not been written to diskette yet and whic...

Page 54: ...k into the computer with an INPUT statement Just as the PRINT statement is much like the PRINT statement INPUT is nearly identical to INPUT except that the list of items following the command word com...

Page 55: ...ower limitation is due to the size of the input buffer in Commodore s serial bus computers The same limit applies to INPUT statements If a single data element string or number being read from a disk f...

Page 56: ...E In each case the added quotation mark will be stripped from the data by the Input or INPUT statement but the comma or colon will remain part of the data NUMERIC DATA STORAGE ON DISKETTE Up to this p...

Page 57: ...ven in the desired file s current OPEN statement and variable list is one or more valid BASIC variable names If more than one data element is to be input by a particular GET statement each variable na...

Page 58: ...n but must be done if any other file handling statement appears between the one which read from the file and the one that loops back to read again For example it would be required if line 520 was chan...

Page 59: ...PRINT 370 OPEN 2 8 2 O SEQ FILE S R 380 GOSUB 500 390 INPUT 2 A B 400 RS ST 410 GOSUB 500 420 PRINT A B 430 IF RS 0 THEN 390 440 IF RS 64 THEN PRINT STATUS RS 450 CLOSE 2 455 CLOSE 15 460 END 480 REM...

Page 60: ...D THEN 270 310 PRINT 320 DCLOSE 2 340 PRINT READ SAME FILE BACK 360 PRINT 370 DOPEN 2 SEQ FILE 380 GOSUB 500 390INPUT 2 A B 400 RS ST 410 GOSUB 500 420 PRINT A B 430 IF RS 0 THEN 390 440 IF RS 64 THEN...

Page 61: ...d predictable environment for our data The structure you will use is similar to that used in the traditional filing cabinet In a traditional office all customer records might be kept in a single file...

Page 62: ...as to fit on your diskette too which means that the more records you need the shorter each record must be CREATING A RELATIVE FILE When a relative file is to be used for the first time its Open statem...

Page 63: ...so be open at the same time However if you have a sequential and relative file open at the same time you can t request a directory EXAMPLES use To create or reopen a relative file named GRADES of reco...

Page 64: ...cord is the high byte of the desired record number and an optional offset value if present is the byte within the record at which a following Read or Write should begin To fully understand this comman...

Page 65: ...15 P CHR 98 CHR RL CHR RH Assuming RH and RL are calculated as in the previous example programs may also use variables for the channel record and offset required 570 INPUT CHANNEL RECORD OFFSET DESIRE...

Page 66: ...1400 INPUT ENTER RECORD LENGTH RL 1410 DOPEN I FI L RL 1420 GOSUB 60000 1450 RECORD I NR 1455 RECORD 1 NR 1460 GOSUB 60000 1470 PRINT I CHR 255 1480 GOSUB 60000 1500 GOSUB 60000 1510 CLOSE 1 continued...

Page 67: ...it doesn t currently exist in the file If there is no such record yet DOS will create it as soon as you try to write information in it and also automatically create any other missing records below it...

Page 68: ...rs Potential length 99 characters Edited length 87 characters With fixed length records the field lengths add up to exactly the record length Since the total length is just within the Input buffer siz...

Page 69: ...2 0 100 INPUT ENTER RECORD NUMBER RE 110 OPEN 15 8 15 120 OPEN3 8 3 MYRELFILE L CHR 88 130 CR CHR 13 140 INPUT NAME NA ISO IF LEN A 30 THEN 140 I60INPUr STREET SA 170 IF LEN SA 30 THEN 160 180 INPUT C...

Page 70: ...LN LEN NA 150 IF LEN 27 THEN 140 155 NA NA LEFT BL 27 LN 160INPUT STREET SA 165 LN LEN SA 170 IF LEN 27 THEN 160 175 SA SA LEFT BL 27 LN 189 INPUT CITY STATE CS 185 LN LEN CS 190 IF LEN 23 THEN 180 19...

Page 71: ...DA 320 GOSUBIOOO 330 PRINT 15 P CHR 96 3 CHR RL CHR RH CHR I 340 GOSUBIOOO 350 GOSUBI000 CLOSE3 CLOSEI5 END 1000INPUT 15 EN EM ET E 1002 IF EN 20 THEN RETURN 1010 PRINT ERROR EM CLOSE3 CLOSEI5 END If...

Page 72: ...hether it uses fixed or variable length fields Here are the program lines needed to read back the variable fields created above from record number RE in file and channel 3 BASIC 7 0 10 20 DOPEN 3 MYRE...

Page 73: ...T 3 DA 90 GOSUB 1000 100 RECORD 3 RE I 110 GOSUB 1000 112 NA LEFf DA 27 114 SA MID DA 28 27 116 CS MID DA 55 23 118 ZP RIGHT DA 10 120 PRINTNA PRINTSA 130 PRINTCS PRINTZP 140 DCLOSE 3 END 1000 IFDS 20...

Page 74: ...ve files separately But they are often used together with the sequential file used to keep brief records of which name in the relative file is stored in each record number That way the contents of the...

Page 75: ...e DOS commands for directly reading and writing any track and block on the diskette as well as the commands used to mark blocks as used or unused OPENING A DATA CHANNEL FOR DIRECT ACCESS When working...

Page 76: ...annel drive track sector EXAMPLE Here is a complete program to read a sector into disk memory using UI and from there into computer memory via GET If a carriage return will appear at least once in eve...

Page 77: ...15 U2 channel drive track sector PRINT 15 UB channel drive track sector PRINT 15 U2 channel drive track sector EXAMPLES To restore track 18 sector 1 of the directory from the disk buffer filled by a B...

Page 78: ...READ AND BLOCK WRITE COM MANDS PRINT 15 BLOCK READ channel drive track sector abbreviated as PRINT 15 B R channel drive track sector and PRINT 15 BLOCK WRITE channel drive track sector abbreviated as...

Page 79: ...ks by reading the start of the directory Track 18 Sector 1 into disk memory setting the buffer pointer to the first file type byte see Appendix C for details of directory organization locking it by se...

Page 80: ...cting a block to write try to allocate that block If the block isn t available read the next available block from the error channel and allocate it instead However do not allocate data blocks in the d...

Page 81: ...nd allocated in the first BLOCK ALLOCATE example we could use the following com mand PRINT 15 B F O l l USING RANDOM FILES ADVANCED USERS By combining the commands in this chapter it is possible to de...

Page 82: ...r removing the diskette to regain control Do not practice these commands on any important diskette Rather make a spare copy and work with that Knowing how to program a 6502 in machine language will he...

Page 83: ...sk memory to be read If the optional of bytes is specified it selects how many memory locations will be read in from 1 255 Otherwise 1 character will be read ALTERNATE FORMAT PRINT 15 M R CHR address...

Page 84: ...qA 210 NEXT I 220 PRINT 230 GOTO 120 MEMORY WRITE Open command channel Enter number of bytes wanted unless done or way out of line Enter starting address Convert it into disk form Actual Memory Read L...

Page 85: ...the drive back to track 1 Bit 6 if set means no seeks In that case the drive won t attempt to read the half track above and below the assigned track to see if it can read the data that way The bottom...

Page 86: ...MEMORY WRITE BLOCK EXECUTE This rarely used command will load a sector containing a machine language routine into a memory buffer from diskette and execute it from the first location within the buffer...

Page 87: ...l and User2 commands are used to replace the BLOCK READ and BLOCK WRITE commands VI re starts the 1571 without changing its variables UJ cold starts the 1571 almost as if it had been turned off and on...

Page 88: ...a user type file into the drive RAM The first two bytes of the file must contain the low and high addresses respectively The third byte is the amount of characters to follow In addition a trailing ch...

Page 89: ...SR JSR LDX JSR JSR BEQ JSR JMP LDA JSR JSR RTS BYT DISK RELATED KERNAL SUBROUTINES Address Function FFBA SET LOGICAL FIRST SECOND ADDRESSES FFBD SET LENGTH ADDRESS OF FILENAME FFCO OPEN LOGICAL FILE F...

Page 90: ...les given in this chapter It s important to follow the handshake conventions exactly for maximum performance READ BYTE BIT7 6 5 4 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 01 0 0 0 0 02 T E B S 0 0 03 DESTINATION TRACK 04 DEST...

Page 91: ...l clock low wait for status release clock for multi sector start over i e Go output etc CONVENTIONS Before you can READ or WRITE to a diskette it must be logged in using either the INQUIRE DISK or QUE...

Page 92: ...CTORS 01 256 BYTE SECTORS 02 512 BYTE SECTORS 03 1024 BYTE SECTORS OPTIONAL DEF E5 OPTIONAL T BIT SET DEF 26 128 BYTE SECTORS 16 256 BYTE SECTORS 9 512 BYTE SECTORS 5 1024 BYTE SECTORS SWITCHES P part...

Page 93: ...IRE DISK or QUERY DISK FORMAT command to log in the diskette OUTPUT None The status is updated within the drive SECTOR INTERLEAVE BYTE BIT 7 6 5 4 00 0 0 01 0 0 1 1 02 W X X 0 04 INTERLEAVE SWITCHES W...

Page 94: ...low if there was an error in compiling MFM format information number of sectors the number of sectors on a particular track logical track the logical track number found in the disk header minimum sect...

Page 95: ...care UTILITY COMMANDS S DOS sector interleave R DOS retries T ROM signature analysis M mode select H head select DEV device Note Byte 02 is equivalent to EXAMPLES U0 S CHR SECTOR INTERLEAVE U0 R CHR...

Page 96: ...dered a file read error STATUS BYTE BREAKDOWN BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 o MODE DN SECTOR SIZE CONTROLLERSTATUS MODE l MFM O GCR DN DRIVE NUMBER SECTOR SIZE MFM ONLY 00 128 BYTE SECTORS 01 256 BYTE SECTORS 10 51...

Page 97: ...Fast Serial byte mode protocol makes that determination internally when you include a query routine send cmd string This routine addresses the peripheral as a listener and thereby determines its speed...

Page 98: ...tate of the clock line clock hi changes the state of the clock to logic 1 clock Io changes the state of the clock to logic 0 wait byte polls the 6526 for a byte ready read error calls toggle clock and...

Page 99: ...divided into three parts 1 Send Command send string using existing kernal routines 2 Query determine whether the peripheral is fast 3 Handshake Code follow handshake conventions DATA eLK 1 _ ARFD SRQ...

Page 100: ...ial and 101111 11 clear bit 6 fast serial flag sta serial Idx 15 jsr chkout open channel for output Idx 0 ldy cm Llength length of the command sendit Ida cm buf x get command jsr bsout send the comman...

Page 101: ...get data from serial data reg sta stat save status and 15 cmp 2 just check for 3 bcs error Idy 0 even page tOPJd Ida 8 wait 2 bit dlicr wait for byte beq wait 2 Ida d2pra toggle clock eor clkout sta d...

Page 102: ...dy 15 jsr setlfs jsr setnam jsr open fast serial flag fb fc timer a high timer a low control reg a logical file number device number secondary address setup logical file setup file name open logical c...

Page 103: ...ol lclk and clkin beq topwr Ida ol lclk change status of old clock eor clkin sta ol lclk Ida buffer y send data sta dlsdr OPTIONAL put code here or before spinp Ida 8 wait 1 bit dlicr wait for transmi...

Page 104: ...e will check for mode whether GCR or MFM Verify sector size Check for error if ok then continue On error check error switch if set co_ntinue otherwise abort Verify switches Ida stat retrieve status an...

Page 105: ...0 sta dltirnh Ida 03 sta dltirnl low 6 us bit fastest Ida dIcra and 80 keep TOD ora 55 sta dIcra setup CRA for output bit dlicr elr pending rts spinp Ida dlcra input 6526 and 80 ora 08 sta dicra Ida m...

Page 106: ...ations 119 and 120 Any time thereafter you may write over that device number with a new one which will be effective until it is changed again or the 1571 is reset FORMAT FOR TEMPORARILY CHANGING THE D...

Page 107: ...message numbers less than 20 ever appear they may be ignored All true errors have numbers of 20 or more 20 READ ERROR block header not found The disk controller is unable to locate the header of the r...

Page 108: ...ync mark of the next header after writing a data block If the sync mark does not appear on time this error message is generated It is caused by a bad diskette format the data extends into the next blo...

Page 109: ...ns in the data to allow shorter records 60 WRITE FILE OPEN A write file that has not been closed is being reopened for reading This file must be immediately rescued as described in BASIC Hint 2 in Cha...

Page 110: ...L is sent when two blocks are still available allowing the current file to be closed If you get this message and the directory shows any blocks left you have too many separate files in your directory...

Page 111: ...of sectors per track is fixed although not uniform through out the entire surface see the table entitled Block Distribution by Track and each sector consists of 256 bytes MFM Modified Frequency Modul...

Page 112: ...he number of this sector Track which this sector resides on 2 bytes 20 bits indicating the diskette I D the I D is specified by the user when the diskette is formatted 72 bits of GCRO or 01010101 8 bi...

Page 113: ...format diskette Hell 01 through OF for 256 byte per sector format diskette Hex 01 through 08 for 512 byte per etor format disketle Hex 00 for Dna sided diskettes nd side 0 of two sided diskettes Hex 0...

Page 114: ...ommodore Disk Operating System not CP M Track number 1 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 30 31 to 35 36 to 52 53 to 59 60 to 65 66 to 70 BLOCK DISTRIBUTION BY TRACK Range of Sectors Total of Sectors oto 20 21 1 ot...

Page 115: ...or 8 16 availability map Track 1 sector 17 23 availability map Number of sector available on track 2 Track 2 sector 0 7 availability map Track 2 sector 8 16 availability map Track 2 sector 17 23 avail...

Page 116: ...17 23 availability map Number of sector available on track 35 Track 35 sector 0 7 availability map Track 35 sector 8 16 availability map Track 35 sector 17 23 availability map Diskette name padded wi...

Page 117: ...CTOR 0 1 Track and sector of next block in program file 1 2 3 Load address of the program 4 255 Next 252 bytes of program information stored as in computer memory with key words tokenized REMAINING FU...

Page 118: ...all binary ones in the first byte followed by 00 binary all zeros to the end of the record Partially filled records are padded with nulls 00 SIDE SECTOR BLOCK 0 1 Track and sector of next side sector...

Page 119: ...ION 0 128 File type OR ed with 80 to indicate properly closed file ifOR ed with CO instead file is locked type TYPES 0 DELeted 1 SEQuential 2 PROGram 3 USER 4 RELative 1 2 Track and sector of first da...

Page 120: ...O old file RO new name old name SO file name VO HEADER diskette name lid DO COpy old file TO new file RENAME old name TO new file SCRATCH file name COLLECT 10 LOAD file name 8 SAVE file name 8 VERIFY...

Page 121: ...TE USER UTILITY LOADER BURST B A O track sector B E channel O track sector B F O track sector B P channel byte U I channel O track sector U2 channel O track sector M E CHR address CHR address M R CHR...

Page 122: ...al 664 free 1328 free Bytes per sector 256 256 MFMformat Total unformatted capacity 250000 bytes per side Total formatted capacity Sector Size 128 133 120 bytes per side Sector Size 256 163840 bytes p...

Page 123: ...tage North America Europe Australia Frequency North America Europe Australia Power used MEDIA 100 120 VAC 220 240 VAC 60 Hz 50 Hz XX Watts Any good quality 51 4 inch diskette may be used Commodore dis...

Page 124: ...has a bus address known as device number Disk drive s device addresses are 8 11 8 is normal Data and control signals as follows Pin No Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Signal SRQ Service t Reques G...

Page 125: ...tween the FAST serial bus and the SLOW serial bus is the incorporation of the hardware controlled lines for the CLOCK and DATA lines Fast serial communication is transparent to any peripheral connecte...

Page 126: ...arranged on the diskette in uniformly sized chunks called sectors The DOS only understands information in the form of sectors It is the job of the Controller to actually go out and read sectors from...

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Page 130: ...eichtigung zur Uberprilfung der Serle auf Einhaltung der Bestim mungen eingeriiumt COMMODORE BUROMASCHINEN GMBH CERTIFICATE OF THE MANUFACTURER Herewith we certify that our device Floppy Disk COMMODOR...

Page 131: ...n GmbH PO BOX 710126 Lyonerstrasse 38 6000 Franklult 71 West Germany Commodore Italiano S P A Via Fratelll Gracclll 48 20092 C sello Balsamo Milano Italy Commodore Business Machines Pty Ltd 5 Orlan Ro...

Page 132: ...t Commodore Commodore Business Machines Inc 1200WlIson Orlve West Chesler PA 19380 Commodore Business Machines limited 3J70 PhlHmecy Avenue Aglncourt Ontario M1W 2K4...

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