Campbell VWIRE 305 Product Manual Download Page 41

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the sum of the excitation strength and the flag value. The following table summarizes diagnostic
codes that indicate warning flags:

Table 9-5: Diagnostic code ranges

Diagnostic code

range

Excitation

only

Low-

amplitude

warning

flag present

High-

amplitude

warning

flag present

Low-

frequency

warning

flag present

High-

frequency

warning

flag present

0 – 255

256 – 511

512 – 767

768 – 1023

1024 – 1279

1280 – 1535

1536 – 1791

1792 – 2047

2048 – 2303

2304 – 2559

2560 – 2815

Diagnostic codes outside these ranges may occur when hardware, firmware, or CRBasic programming errors

occur.

Amplitude warning flags and frequency warning flags have the following restrictions:

A measurement can have a low-amplitude warning flag or high-amplitude warning flag, but not both.

A measurement can have a low-frequency warning flag or a high-frequency warning flag, but not both.

A measurement can have both an amplitude warning flag and a frequency warning flag.

9.7.3 DVW Toolbox errors

As shown in

FIGURE 9-3

(p. 38), DVW Toolbox Error Indicators, DVW Toolbox indicates

measurement errors in the following ways:

Information icon

in the Channel. Click icon for more information.

Red or flashing-red measurement values

VWIRE 305

Summary of Contents for VWIRE 305

Page 2: ...rams 9 6 6 Diagnostics 9 6 7 Data use 9 7 Specifications 9 7 1 Vibrating wire specifications 9 7 2 Temperature specifications 10 7 3 Module 10 7 3 1 Communications 10 7 3 2 System 11 7 3 3 Power requirements 11 7 3 4 Compliance 11 7 3 5 Physical attributes 11 8 Installation 11 8 1 Install driver for computer connection 12 8 2 Operating systems 12 8 3 Configuring VWIRE 305 12 8 3 1 Configuring usin...

Page 3: ...d installation procedure 20 9 Operation 22 9 1 VWIRE 305 sample rate 22 9 2 VWIRE 305 settings 23 9 3 VWIRE 305 outputs 28 9 4 Connections 31 9 4 1 Sensor connections 31 9 4 2 CPI network bit rate 32 9 5 Analyzers and channel numbers 33 9 6 Data logger program 33 9 6 1 Program code 34 9 6 1 1 Pipeline mode 34 9 6 1 2 VWIRE 305 programming 34 CDM_VW300Config 34 CDM_VW300Dynamic 34 CDM_VW300Static 3...

Page 4: ...oting 45 10 1 CPIStatus table 46 10 2 COMM status LED 47 10 3 CPI port LEDs 47 10 4 Replacing a GRANITE measurement module 47 11 References and attributions 48 Appendix A VSPECT measurement theory 49 Appendix B Vibrating wire digits conversion 50 Appendix C Calculating vibrating wire measurement error 52 C 1 Error example Geokon strain gage 52 C 2 Error example DGSI embedment strain gage 53 C 3 Er...

Page 5: ...arger 12 VDC 800 mA Output 100 240 VAC l CPI Network Kit l GRANITE data logger l LoggerNet data logger support software 2 Precautions l READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety p 1 section at the front of this manual l WARNING o Protect from over voltage o Protect from water o Protect from ESD electrostatic discharge l IMPORTANT Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the application Campbell Scienti...

Page 6: ...ies l Check the operating system version in the VWIRE 305 and the data logger Update as needed See Operating systems p 12 4 Quickstart This procedure will get the VWIRE 305 set up to make measurements before connecting it to a GRANITE data logger This procedure makes real time measurements of vibrating wire sensors It does not store data storing data requires an attached data logger 4 1 Equipment ...

Page 7: ... software on the computer The DVW Toolbox installation also installs USB drivers for the VWIRE 305 2 Connect the sensors to the VWIRE 305 FIGURE 4 2 p 3 and FIGURE 4 3 p 4 For further guidance on connecting sensors see Sensor connections p 31 FIGURE 4 2 Three wire sensor connection schematic no embedded thermistor VWIRE 305 3 ...

Page 8: ... power connector as shown FIGURE 4 4 Opening the power connector terminals 4 Plug in the power supply The VWIRE 305 COMM Status light flashes yellow Channel Status lights may flash or remain dark 5 Connect the USB cable between a standard computer USB port and the VWIRE 305USB port VWIRE 305 4 ...

Page 9: ...ect Device Type Serial Number Device Name and CPI address at lower center are active Depending on the state in which the VWIRE 305 was last used channels may or may not be enabled 9 Check the Enable box for channels to which sensors are connected If the correct channels are selected a green Channel Status flash indicates the sensor attached to that channel is working Lights of disabled channels ar...

Page 10: ...ded documentation to see if sensor output is within the correct frequency output range l The absence of information icons indicates the VWIRE 305 detects no measurement faults If you see an information icon see DVW Toolbox errors p 37 10 For more information on adjusting Sample Rate enabled channels and Frequency Boundaries see VWIRE 305 settings p 23 and VWIRE 305 outputs p 28 5 Programming quick...

Page 11: ...and yields measurements with superior precision and noise immunity Quickstart p 2 includes simplified procedures that give a good orientation of the equipment and software There are nuances to the VWIRE 305 that can nullify the validity of measurements so you should review this entire manual before collecting actionable data 6 1 Input channels The VWIRE 305 is an eight channel module FIGURE 6 1 p ...

Page 12: ... resonant frequency is affecting the dynamic measurement WARNING The program scan interval must be 50 20 10 5 or 3 mS 20 50 100 200 or 333 Hz and CDM_VW300Static must be called conditionally using TimeIntoInterval at a 1 second interval 1 Hz TimeIntoIntervals other than 1 second for static data may lead to CPI bus or data logger errors Additionally CDM_VW300Dynamic must be included in the main pro...

Page 13: ... nor does it endorse the use of any specific manufacturer s sensors Examples given in this manual are for educational purposes only Consult competent and authoritative sources for guidance in selecting sensors and interpreting vibrating wire data 7 Specifications All Standard Duty SD VWIRE 305 units meet electrical specifications in a temperature range of 40 to 70 C non condensing environment Exte...

Page 14: ...minal without damage 0 5 to 7 1 V 7 2 Temperature specifications Temperature measurement 24 bit resistance measurement of thermistor or RTD embedded in the vibrating wire sensor Rate 1 Hz Accuracy 0 15 of reading Does not include cable resistance error or thermistor or RTD error Resolution 0 002 Ω RMS 5 kΩ Bridge resistor 4 99 kΩ 0 1 Excitation voltage 1 5 V 7 3 Module 7 3 1 Communications CPI RJ4...

Page 15: ... 2 0 lb Operating Temperature Standard Duty SD 40 to 70 C Extended Duty XD 55 to 85 C 8 Installation Preconfigure and test stations in an indoor location before doing the field installation After installing a field station wait around long enough to confirm that good measurements are being made that data are collected to the GRANITE data logger and that data from the GRANITE data loggercan be coll...

Page 16: ...ampbell Scientific posts OS updates at www campbellsci com downloads when they become available Before deploying instruments check operating system versions and update as needed to the most recent version Use the Device Configuration Utility and follow the procedures on the Send OS tab NOTE For best performance use the most recent operating system for each device 8 3 Configuring VWIRE 305 The VWIR...

Page 17: ... the CPI bus will be checked against this list and reconfigured accordingly NOTE The CPIAddModule instruction overrides changes made through Device Configuration Utility or the CPIStatus table 8 3 3 Configuring with Device Configuration Utility Install the device driver before connecting the VWIRE 305 to a computer This is optional for Windows 10 or later operating systems 1 Open Device Configurat...

Page 18: ... Information is shown in the following order GRANITE Measurement Module Type Serial Number Device Name CPI Address Activity CDM OS Version NOTE CDM OS version will be the last element in the ModuleInfo array for VWIRE 305 modules with OS version 6 or newer Within the ModuleInfo array index string the Device Name and CPI Address fields can be edited This provides a way to rename and readdress a VWI...

Page 19: ...from its default 250 kbps Limitations on cable length and bit rate are discussed further in CPI network bit rate p 32 and listed in Table 9 4 p 33 8 5 1 Daisy chain topology In a daisy chain topology GRANITE Measurement Modules are connected one after another as shown in FIGURE 8 1 p 15 FIGURE 8 1 Multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules connected in a daisy chain topology For best performance CPI ter...

Page 20: ...gs simple we only discuss the use of 12 VDC power supplies in this manual l Do not connect live wires to an instrument All connections discussed assume dead wires so switch off power supplies before making connections l Double check the polarity of connections before switching on power supplies Open the power connector by inserting a screwdriver into the slots shown in FIGURE 8 3 p 17 When the scr...

Page 21: ...eft in when last powered up one or more of the Channel Status lights may also flash See COMM status LED p 47 for more information 8 7 Earth ground connection Earth grounding provides protection from static discharge transients and power surges A ground lug is provided on the VWIRE 305 for connection to earth ground see Minimum 14 AWG ground wire is recommended The earth side of the connection shou...

Page 22: ...FIGURE 8 4 Enclosure backplate mounting If mounting to a DIN rail use the GRANITE series DIN Rail Kit as shown in the following images FIGURE 8 5 GRANITE DIN Rail Mounting Kit VWIRE 305 18 ...

Page 23: ... Power connection p 16 If switching back and forth between DVW Toolbox and data logger control cycle the power after each switch to let the VWIRE 305 adapt to the new connection 8 9 1 Field installation equipment l Vibrating wire sensor l VWIRE 305 analyzer l GRANITE data logger l Power supply l Computer l DVW Toolbox software l LoggerNet software l RJ45 cabling l USB link with GRANITE data logger...

Page 24: ...W Toolbox p 6 2 Click Disconnect in DVW Toolbox Switch off the power supply 3 Connect the GRANITE data logger CPI port to the VWIRE 305CPI port using an RJ45 terminated CAT5e or better cable 4 Place the CPI terminator supplied in GRANITE Network Kit in the remaining open CPI port as shown below FIGURE 8 8 CPI terminator placement VWIRE 305 20 ...

Page 25: ...ggerNet Connect When the program has compile CPI network becomes active as indicated by a flashing green COMMS Status light and flashing green and yellow lights on the GRANITE CPI port 9 In LoggerNet Connect monitor the system by viewing the variables Freq Diag StaticFreq Therm and DynStdDev For example consider a station that includes a VWIRE 305 analyzer with a sensor connected to input channel ...

Page 26: ...the rate at which the VWIRE 305 measures the vibrating wire signal is a key setting from which other VWIRE 305 settings and outputs are derived The allowed sample rate is a function of the natural resonant frequency of the sensor For example if a strain gage is designed to operate with a frequency between 500 1200 Hz do not sample it faster than 50 Hz The following table lists the five available s...

Page 27: ...e resonant frequency 2 Find the output range of a sensor in the documentation sent by the manufacturer 3 Usual values for a 2500 Hz resonant sensor 4 Specifications are subject to installation factors such as CPI bus speed CPI cable length and unrelated demands on the data logger 9 2 VWIRE 305 settings Settings configure the VWIRE 305 Use DVW Toolbox software to edit and apply settings NOTE The GR...

Page 28: ...00 kbps l CPISpeed l BitRate 50 125 250 500 and 1000 kbps l Usually optional Default is 250 if CPISpeed not in program Device Name Optional VWIRE 305 alphanumeric name l Main window lower left l Optional l Visible in the CPI_Status Table Device Type Identifies the VWIRE 305 to CRBasic l Main window l Auto detected l CDM_VW300Config l DeviceType VWIRE305 DVW Toolbox Update Rate DVW Toolbox data dis...

Page 29: ...g l LowFreq 290 to 6000 Hz Multiplier Slope or gain applied to the raw measurement See Vibrating wire digits conversion p 50 and Calculating vibrating wire measurement error p 52 l Click Settings l Click View Frequency Conversion to view set in main window l CDM_VW300Config l Mult Offset Offset or y intercept applied to the raw measurement See Vibrating wire digits conversion p 50 and Calculating ...

Page 30: ...0Config l ChanOptions Hz Hz2 Rainflow Form Sets form of output for a rainflow histogram l Click Graph Rainflow Histogram Channel n l Click lists then F1 for guidance l CDM_VW300Config l RF_Form Rainflow High Limit High limit in a rainflow histogram l Click Graph Rainflow Histogram Channel n l Click field then F1 for guidance l CDM_VW300Config l RF_HighLim Rainflow Low Limit Low limit in a rainflow...

Page 31: ...field then F1 for guidance l CDM_VW300Config l RF_MeanBins Resonant Amplitude Amplitude target VWIRE 305 automatically adjusts the vibrating wire excitation to maintain the target Default 2 mV or 0 002 V is usually OK l Click Settings l Range 1 to 10 mV l View Advanced to view set l CDM_VW300Config l ResonAmp 0 001 to 0 010 V Sample Rate Rate at which the VWIRE 305 samples vibrating wire resonant ...

Page 32: ... Temperature Conversion to view set l CDM_VW300Config l SteinA SteinB SteinC System options Determines if a numeric value or NAN is stored in data logger memory when a warning flag is raised and whether or not diagnostic lights are active See CRBasic Editor Help topic CDM_ VW300Config SysOptions and Table 9 6 p 45 n a l CDM_VW300Config l SysOptions 0 1 10 11 9 3 VWIRE 305 outputs The following tab...

Page 33: ...High Frequency High frequency boundary set by the VWIRE 305 based on the operator entered VWIRE 305 settings p 23 and the results of measurements View Advanced then main screen n a Diagnostic Code Diagnostic code includes l Excitation strength l Low amplitude flag l High amplitude flag l Low frequency flag l High frequency flag Click information icon in Channel column l CDM_VW300Dynamic l DestDiag...

Page 34: ...ber Serial number of the VWIRE 305 Main screen lower center n a Std Dev of Dyn Freq Standard deviation of the dynamic output computed on one second data and output at 1 Hz View Advanced then main screen l CDM_VW300Static l DestStdDev Static Output Static resonant output of the vibrating wire sensor Main screen l CDM_VW300Static l DestFreq Static Thermistor Temperature of the thermistor or resistan...

Page 35: ...W terminals on the input channel The VW terminals have no polarity The third wire is a cable shield that bridges the sensor ground to the terminal FIGURE 9 1 Three wire sensor connection schematic no embedded temperature sensor Temperature changes in the body of a vibrating wire sensor can cause measurement errors The embedded thermistor or RTD in a five wire sensor measures temperature change so ...

Page 36: ...s higher than the rate that data is generated by the GRANITE Measurement Modules within the network To calculate how many kilobits per second kbps will be generated use the following equation for each GRANITE Measurement Module in your network Kilobits per second number of measurements measurement frequency 0 064 kilobits per measurement The network topology and cable length affect the maximum all...

Page 37: ...network See the seventh and eighth column in Table 9 1 p 23 NOTE These channel counts do not account for other devices on the CPI bus or other measurement or computation loads on the data logger Use the CPI calculator at www campbellsci com downloads cpi calculator to estimate the usage and capacity of a CPI network To avoid skipped scans and frame errors with a VWIRE 305 network the CPI bus load ...

Page 38: ...DM_VW300Config sends configuration settings to the VWIRE 305 Place it before the BeginProg statement It does not set the CPI address of the VWIRE 305 The CPI address must be set with DVW Toolbox CDM_VW300Config DeviceType CPIAddress SysOption ChanEnable ResonAmp LowFreq HighFreq ChanOptions Mult Offset SteinA SteinB SteinC RF_ MeanBins RF_AmpBins RF_LowLim RF_HighLim RF_Hyst RF_Form CDM_VW300Dynam...

Page 39: ...rols the speed of the CPI bus This instruction is not normally needed Use it only when CPI bus communications need adjustment CPISpeed BitRate CPIAddModule See Configuring with the CPIAddModule instruction p 13 9 7 Data quality The VWIRE 305 and DVW Toolbox have the following features to help you evaluate the quality of vibrating wire data For more discussion about some of these features see VSPEC...

Page 40: ... l Check the sensor connection l Check that the sensor is outputting correct data l Fine tune the VWIRE 305 scan rate See Sample Rate in Table 9 2 p 24 l Check that the frequency being output by the sensor is within one of the frequency output ranges supported by the VWIRE 305 See the first and third columns in Table 9 1 p 23 9 7 2 Diagnostic codes The VWIRE 305 outputs binary diagnostic codes wit...

Page 41: ...ranges may occur when hardware firmware or CRBasic programming errors occur 2 Amplitude warning flags and frequency warning flags have the following restrictions l A measurement can have a low amplitude warning flag or high amplitude warning flag but not both l A measurement can have a low frequency warning flag or a high frequency warning flag but not both l A measurement can have both an amplitu...

Page 42: ...less responsive with age A change in the phenomenon being measured usually has a negligible effect on the excitation strength One exception is if the phenomenon being measured changes its frequency band of variation For example consider a sensor measuring strain on a structure It measures an oscillation in the range of 1 to 2 Hz which is the natural harmonic frequency of the structure Then a chang...

Page 43: ... filters unwanted frequencies such as harmonics from vibrating wire output using the operator entered low frequency boundary and high frequency boundary The range bounded by these estimates is the estimated frequency range Enter boundary estimates into DVW Toolbox low frequency boundary and high frequency boundary columns or CRBasic CDM_ VW300 instruction LowFreq and HighFreq parameters The best s...

Page 44: ...w frequency boundary at 150 Hz the nearest multiple of 47 68 Hz that is less than the estimate is 143 04 Hz 3 47 68 Hz Enter 143 04 into low frequency boundary in DVW Toolbox or LowFreq in CRBasic Likewise if you estimate the high frequency boundary at 500 Hz the nearest multiple of 47 68 Hz that is more than the estimate is 476 80 10 47 68 Hz Enter 476 80 into high frequency boundary in DVW Toolb...

Page 45: ...ed If a measurement falls between 3000 and 3051 68 a high frequency warning flag is raised See Diagnostic codes p 36 for further discussion of warning flags and how they are tagged to a measurement 9 7 7 Sample rate and noise performance Electrical noise limits the effective resolution or precision of a vibrating wire measurement To increase precision decrease the measurement sample rate The fifth...

Page 46: ...Plucking and pickup coils l Optional thermistor or RTD l Two coil input outputs l Two thermistor input outputs FIGURE 9 5 Basic design features of a vibrating wire sensor 9 8 2 Basic measurement of the sensor The VWIRE 305 applies excitation and measures the return vibrating wire signal on the plucking and pickup coil wires It applies excitation and measures the return temperature signal on the th...

Page 47: ...t a vibrating wire gage can be measured is approximately 20 percent of the resonant frequency For example a gage that resonates at about 1100 Hz can be measured at a maximum of 20 of 1100 Hz or at 220 Hz so the 200 Hz measurement range is used The third column of Table 9 1 p 23 lists the sensor frequency output ranges that can be measured at the VWIRE 305 sample rates Some applications may require...

Page 48: ...coefficients provided by the manufacturer into the Steinhart Hart Coefficients A B and C columns The value in the Static Thermistor column should now be the current temperature expressed in degrees Celsius For DGSI sensors our C coefficient equals their D coefficient o Set up the VWIRE 305 to convert the resistance to temperature by entering the Steinhart Hart coefficients into VWIRE 305 settings ...

Page 49: ...e interpretation of these states Table 9 6 Channel Status lights Light state Channel status Flashing red or green at 3 s interval Channel enabled Flashing green Channel enabled sensor active measurements within set ranges Flashing red Channel is enabled sensor is active some measurements are outside set range s so diagnostic warning flag s is True Dark not flashing Channel disabled 10 Troubleshoot...

Page 50: ... bit rate is fast enough for the data generated and that it can accommodate the cable lengths in use See CPI network bit rate p 32 10 1 CPIStatus table Information in the CPIStatus table located in the data logger helps in troubleshooting The ModuleInfo array shows the following information CDM Type Serial Number Device Name CPI Address Activity The last entry in the ModuleInfo index shows the act...

Page 51: ... Red Flashing Power lost to CPI network but VWIRE 305 is still powered or CPI speed mismatch Yellow Flashing VWIRE 305 powered but not connected to CPI network 10 3 CPI port LEDs Green and Orange LEDs on the CPI bus indicate the current operation of the CPI bus as shown in the following table Table 10 3 CPI port LED activity Green Flashing Frame sync Orange Flash CPI activity Solid CPI bus fault 1...

Page 52: ...Jacobsen L E D L Israelsen J A Swenson Vibrating Wire Sensor Using Spectral Analysis U S Patent 7779690 August 24 2010 Jacobsen L E and S S Cornelsen System And Method For Measuring The Frequency Of A Vibrating Object U S Patent 8671758 March 18 2014 Madsen C S Cornelsen Designing Physical Network Layouts for the CPI Bus Campbell Scientific Inc March 20 2014 VWIRE 305 48 ...

Page 53: ... the swept frequency sine wave Instead the VWIRE 305 injects energy into the oscillation at just the right frequency and phase so a very short excitation with small amplitude maintains wire resonance Phase alignment of excitation strengthens wire resonance and decreases measurement noise The system synchronizes all measurement channels to the data logger clock through the CRBasic program and CPI b...

Page 54: ...se the gage factor and polynomial from the manufacturer s calibration sheet to convert to units of measure Using the calibration report shown in FIGURE B 1 p 51 the following example converts frequency to displacement For example the VWIRE 305 measures a displacement sensor and reports a frequency of 2400 Hz The relationship of sensor output to displacement s is expressed in the calibration report...

Page 55: ...FIGURE B 1 Geokon calibration report VWIRE 305 51 ...

Page 56: ...erivative of Eq 1 p 52 with respect to f Effective resolution of a measurement Re is calculated using Eq 2 p 52 and a noise level N Values for N are found in the fifth column of VWIRE 305 sample rates and specifications p 23 For a specific VWIRE 305 scan rate use the corresponding N value in place of f Eq 2 p 52 is then expressed as follows Re 2KfN Eq 3 C 1 Error example Geokon strain gage K is ca...

Page 57: ...d C 2 Error example DGSI embedment strain gage K G G 4 0624E 03 Microstrain µε Gf2 Effective resolution Re Re µε µε 2GfN C 3 Error example DGSI spot welded strain gage Microstrain µε Af2 C A 7 576E 04 and C 2030 1 So K A For effective resolution C does not vary with frequency so it can be ignored for very small changes in frequency Effective resolution Re Re µε µε 2AfN VWIRE 305 53 ...

Page 58: ...rement interval assume no change in sensor temperature So for small changes in sensor displacement K is assumed to be constant and the Kt term is ignored when calculating the output error s 2GfN 1000 s GfN 500 C 5 Error example DGSI piezometer 52611099 Pressure P Af2 Bf C A B and C are gage factors Effective resolution Re P P 2Af B N P 2AfN BN VWIRE 305 54 ...

Page 59: ...from the sensor manufacturer D 2 Converting thermistor resistance to temperature Convert resistance of most thermistors using the Steinhart Hart equation as follows C 1 A B ln R C ln R 3 273 15 Where ln R is the natural log of the resistance measurement and A B and C are Steinhart Hart equation coefficients Each thermistor type has unique coefficients Sensor manufacturers provide the coefficients ...

Page 60: ...lerances For example the Measurement Specialties 100K6A1iA thermistor is manufactured to be within 0 10 C of the ideal at 0 to 50 C So one 100K6A1iA thermistor can be interchanged with another Each thermistor will measure within 0 10 C of the ideal Factor 2 is primarily caused by changes in cable temperature Increase in temperature causes an increase in cable resistance Increase in cable resistanc...

Page 61: ...URE D 2 p 57 emphasizes the importance of removing offset by showing how offsets due to cable length influence measurement error Offset correction is valid if cable length and type are not altered from that received from the manufacturer FIGURE D 2 Temperature error offsets at three temperatures as a function of cable length Wire is 22 AWG 16 Ω per 1000 feet Factors 4 through 7 are usually very sm...

Page 62: ...Other manufacturer s products that are resold by Campbell Scientific are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer Refer to www campbellsci com terms warranty for more information CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Campbell Scientific hereby disclaims to the fullest extent allow...

Page 63: ...tion or Repair Reference number contact your CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC regional office Please write the issued number clearly on the outside of the shipping container and ship as directed For all returns the customer must provide a Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination or Declaration of Hazardous Material and Decontamination form and comply with the requirements specified in it The form i...

Page 64: ...prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers l Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical l You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod tower or attachments you are installing constructing using or maintaining or a tool stake or anchor come in contact with overhead or un...

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