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ModbusMaster()

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ModbusSlave()

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MoveBytes()

For additional information on Modbus, see:

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Why Modbus Matters: An Introduction

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How to Access Live Measurement Data Using Modbus

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Using Campbell Scientific Dataloggers as Modbus Slave Devices in a SCADA Network

Because Modbus has a set command structure, programming the datalogger to get data from
field instruments can be much simpler than from some other serial sensors. Because Modbus uses
a common bus and addresses each node, field instruments are effectively multiplexed to a
datalogger without additional hardware.

When doing Modbus communications over RS-232, the datalogger, through Device
Configuration Utility or the Settings editor, can be set to keep communication ports open and
awake, but at higher power usage. Set RS-232Power to Always on. Otherwise, the datalogger
goes into sleep mode after 40 seconds of communications inactivity. Once asleep, two packets
are required before it will respond. The first packet awakens the datalogger; the second packet is
received as data. This would make a Modbus master fail to poll the datalogger, if not using
retries.

More information on Modbus can be found at:

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www.simplyModbus.ca/FAQ.htm

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www.Modbus.org/tech.php

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www.lammertbies.nl/comm/info/modbus.html

7.2.1 About Modbus

Modbus is a communications protocol that enables communications among many devices
connected to the same network. Modbus is often used in supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) systems to connect remote terminal units (RTUs) with a supervisory
computer - allowing them to relay measurement data, device status, control commands, and
configuration information.

The popularity of Modbus has grown because it is freely available and because its messaging
structure is independent of the type of physical interface or connection that is used. Modbus can
coexist with other types of connections on the same physical interface at the same time. You can
operate the protocol over several data links and physical layers.

7. Communications Protocols

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Summary of Contents for CR1000X

Page 1: ...Revision 02 21 2019 Copyright 2000 2019 Campbell Scientific ...

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Page 3: ...s under guarantee or not Please state the faults as clearly as possible and if the product is out of the guarantee period it should be accompanied by a purchase order Quotations for repairs can be given on request It is the policy of Campbell Scientific to protect the health of its employees and provide a safe working environment in support of this policy a Declaration of Hazardous Material and De...

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Page 5: ...s digital cell phones and aerials may also not be applicable according to your locality Some brackets shields and enclosure options including wiring are not sold as standard items in the European market in some cases alternatives are offered Details of the alternatives will be covered in separate manuals Part numbers prefixed with a symbol are special order parts for use with non EU variants or fo...

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Page 7: ...e beginning work Wear a hardhat and eye protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical You can be kil...

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Page 9: ...als for communications 12 2 4 3 1 SDI 12 ports 13 2 4 3 2 RS 232 RS 485 TTL and LVTTL ports 13 2 4 3 3 SDM port 13 2 4 4 CS I O port 13 2 4 5 RS 232 CPI port 14 2 5 Programmable logic control 14 3 Setting up the data logger 16 3 1 Setting up communications with the data logger 16 3 1 1 Communications options 16 3 1 2 USB or RS 232 communications 17 3 1 3 Virtual Ethernet over USB RNDIS 18 3 1 4 Et...

Page 10: ...g historic data 30 4 4 Data types and formats 30 4 4 1 Variables 31 4 4 2 Data storage 32 4 5 About data tables 33 4 5 1 Table definitions 34 4 5 1 1 Header rows 34 4 5 1 2 Data records 36 4 6 Creating data tables in a program 36 5 Data memory 38 5 1 Memory allocation 38 5 2 SRAM 38 5 3 Flash memory 39 5 4 Serial flash memory 39 5 4 1 Data memory 39 5 4 2 USR drive 40 5 4 3 CPU drive 41 5 5 MicroS...

Page 11: ...ls 53 6 1 3 6 Minimizing settling errors 54 Measuring settling time 54 6 1 3 7 Factors affecting accuracy 56 Measurement accuracy example 57 6 1 3 8 Minimizing offset voltages 57 Compensating for offset voltage 59 Measuring ground reference offset voltage 60 6 2 Current loop measurements 61 6 2 1 Example Current Loop Measurement Connections 62 6 3 Resistance measurements 63 6 3 1 Resistance measur...

Page 12: ...pipeline processing modes 78 6 8 1 Sequential mode 79 6 8 2 Pipeline mode 79 6 8 3 Slow Sequences 80 7 Communications Protocols 81 7 1 General serial communications 82 7 2 Modbus communications 82 7 2 1 About Modbus 83 7 2 2 Modbus protocols 84 7 2 3 Understanding Modbus Terminology 85 7 2 4 Connecting Modbus devices 85 7 2 5 Modbus master slave protocol 86 7 2 6 About Modbus programming 86 7 2 6 ...

Page 13: ...gramming the datalogger to act as an SDI 12 sensor 96 7 7 4 SDI 12 power considerations 97 8 Maintaining your datalogger 99 8 1 Datalogger calibration 99 8 1 1 About background calibration 100 8 2 Datalogger security 100 8 2 1 Security codes 102 8 2 2 Creating a csipasswd file 103 8 2 2 1 Command syntax 104 8 3 Datalogger enclosures 104 8 4 Internal battery 105 8 4 1 Replacing the internal battery...

Page 14: ...ger 118 9 5 1 Processor reset 119 9 5 2 Program send reset 119 9 5 3 Manual data table reset 119 9 5 4 Formatting drives 120 9 5 5 Full memory reset 120 9 6 Troubleshooting power supplies 120 9 7 Minimizing ground loop errors 121 9 8 Field calibration 122 9 9 File system error codes 122 9 10 File name and resource errors 123 9 11 Background calibration errors 124 9 12 Information tables and settin...

Page 15: ...3V 165 10 4 4 C as Power Output 166 10 4 5 CS I O Pin 1 166 10 5 Analogue measurements specifications 166 10 5 1 Voltage measurements 166 10 5 2 Resistance measurements specifications 168 10 5 3 Period averaging measurement specifications 168 10 5 4 Current loop measurement specifications 169 10 6 Pulse measurement specifications 169 10 6 1 Switch closure input 170 10 6 2 High frequency input 170 ...

Page 16: ...Appendix A Glossary 176 Appendix B Index 214 Table of Contents viii ...

Page 17: ...ee Sensors p 3 for more information l Datalogger The datalogger measures electrical signals or reads serial characters It converts the measurement or reading to engineering units performs calculations and reduces data to statistical values Data is stored in memory to await transfer to a computer by way of an external storage device or a communications link l Data Retrieval and Communications Data ...

Page 18: ... Data acquisition system components p 1 for more information It has a central processing unit CPU analogue and digital measurement inputs analogue and digital outputs and memory An operating system firmware coordinates the functions of these parts in conjunction with the onboard clock and the CRBasic application program The CR1000X can simultaneously provide measurement and communications function...

Page 19: ...ulse output signals Suitable sensors do this with accuracy and precision Smart sensors have internal measurement and processing components and simply output a digital value in binary hexadecimal or ASCII character form Most electronic sensors regardless of manufacturer will interface with the datalogger Some sensors require external signal conditioning The performance of some sensors is enhanced w...

Page 20: ...l Smart sensors o SDI 12 o RS 232 o Modbus o DNP3 o TCP IP o RS 485 1 Data acquisition system components 4 ...

Page 21: ...rrent and reverse power The wiring panel is the interface to most datalogger functions so studying it is a good way to get acquainted with the datalogger Functions of the terminals are broken down into the following categories l Analogue input l Pulse counting l Analogue output l Communications l Digital I O l Power input l Power output l Power ground l Signal ground 2 Wiring panel and terminal fu...

Page 22: ... ü ü Current Loop ü ü Period Average ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Table 2 2 Pulse counting terminal functions P1 P2 C1 C8 Switch Closure ü ü ü High Frequency ü ü ü Low level Ac ü ü Quadrature ü NOTE Conflicts can occur when a control port pair is used for different instructions TimerInput PulseCount SDI12Recorder WaitDigTrig For example if C1 is used for SDI12Recorder C2 cannot be used for Time...

Page 23: ... Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx LVTTL 0 3 3 V Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx RS 232 Tx Rx Tx Rx ü RS 485 Half Duplex A B A B RS 485 Full Duplex Tx Tx Rx Rx I2C SDA SCL SDA SCL SDA SCL SDA SCL SPI MOSI SCLK MISO MOSI SCLK MISO SDM1 Data Clk Enabl Data Clk Enabl CPI CDM ü 1 SDM can be on either C1 C3 or C5 C7 but not both at the same time Communications functions also include Ethernet and USB Table 2 6 Digital I ...

Page 24: ...long term installations If external alkaline power is used the alkaline battery pack is connected directly to the POWER IN port External UPS consists of a primary power source a charging regulator external to the datalogger and an external battery WARNING Sustained input voltages in excess of those listed in the Power requirements p 163 can damage the transient voltage suppression Ensure that powe...

Page 25: ... l 3 flashes every 10 seconds Powered via USB program running l Always on Powered no program running 2 2 Power output The datalogger can be used as a power source for sensors and peripherals Take precautions to prevent damage to sensors or peripherals from over or under voltage conditions and to minimize errors Additionally exceeding current limits causes voltage output to become unstable Voltage ...

Page 26: ...uction VX terminals can also supply a selectable switched regulated 3 3 or 5 Vdc power source to power digital sensors and toggle control lines l C terminals can be set low or high as output terminals With limited drive capacity digital output terminals are normally used to operate external relay driver circuits See also Digital input output specifications p 171 See also Power output specification...

Page 27: ...s mounts housings should be referenced to one common earth ground In the field at a minimum a proper earth ground will consist of a 5 foot copper sheathed grounding rod driven into the earth and connected to the large brass ground lug on the wiring panel with a 14 AWG wire In low conductive substrates such as sand very dry soil ice or rock a single ground rod will probably not provide an adequate ...

Page 28: ... through datalogger support software or through virtual Ethernet RNDIS and provides 5 Vdc power to the datalogger powering through the USB port has limitations details are available in the specifications The datalogger USB port does not support USB flash or thumb drives Although the USB connection supplies 5 V power a 12 Vdc battery will be needed for field deployment 2 4 2 Ethernet port The RJ45 ...

Page 29: ...lOpen CRBasic instruction C terminals are configured in pairs for RS 232 or half duplex RS 485 For full duplex RS 485 all terminals are required See also Communications Protocols p 81 2 4 3 3 SDM port SDM is a protocol proprietary to Campbell Scientific that supports several Campbell Scientific digital sensor and communications input and output expansion peripherals and select smart sensors It use...

Page 30: ...de 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit Use Device Configuration Utility or the SerialOpen CRBasic instruction to change these options 2 5 Programmable logic control The datalogger can control instruments and devices such as l Controlling cellular modem or GPS receiver to conserve power l Triggering a water sampler to collect a sample l Triggering a camera to take a picture l Activating an audio o...

Page 31: ...ructions see the CRBasic help l SW12 terminals can be set low 0 V or high 12 V using the SW12 instruction The following image illustrates a simple application wherein a C terminal configured for digital input and another configured for control output are used to control a device turn it on or off and monitor the state of the device whether the device is on or off In the case of a cell modem contro...

Page 32: ...logger support software manual and help The default settings for the data logger allow it to communicate with a computer via USB RS 232 or Ethernet For other communications methods or more complex applications some settings may need adjustment Settings can be changed through Device Configuration Utility or through data logger support software 3 1 1 Communications options You can configure your con...

Page 33: ...ata logger click Install and follow the prompts to install the USB drivers 6 Plug the data logger into your computer using a USB or RS 232 cable The USB connection supplies 5 V power as well as a communications link which is adequate for setup but a 12V battery will be needed for field deployment If using RS 232 external power must be provided to the data logger and a CPI RS 232 RJ45 to DB9 cable ...

Page 34: ...d send a program to the data logger See Testing communications and connecting p 22 for more information 3 1 3 Virtual Ethernet over USB RNDIS The datalogger supports RNDIS virtual Ethernet over USB This allows the datalogger to communicate via TCP IP over USB Watch a video or use the following instructions 1 Supply power to the datalogger If connecting via USB for the first time you must first ins...

Page 35: ...figuring data logger Ethernet settings 1 Supply power to the datalogger If connecting via USB for the first time you must first install USB drivers by using Device Configuration Utility select your datalogger then on the main page click Install USB Driver Alternately you can install the USB drivers using EZ Setup A USB connection supplies 5 V power as well as a communication link which is adequate...

Page 36: ...rk administrator for help 11 Apply to save your changes 3 1 4 2 Ethernet LEDs When the data logger is powered and Ethernet Power setting is not disabled the 10 100 Ethernet LEDs will show the Ethernet activity l Solid Yellow Valid Ethernet link l No Yellow Invalid Ethernet link l Flashing Yellow Ethernet activity l Solid Green 100 Mbps link l No Green 10 Mbps link 3 1 4 3 Setting up Ethernet commu...

Page 37: ...re returning a communications failure error l LoggerNet and PC400 users can set a Max Time On Line to limit the amount of time the data logger remains connected When the data logger is contacted communications with it is terminated when this time limit is exceeded A value of 0 in this field indicates that there is no time limit for maintaining a connection to the data logger Next 7 By default the ...

Page 38: ...ogger is connected to the computer select Yes to test communications then click Next to initiate the test To troubleshoot an unsuccessful test see Tips and troubleshooting p 112 3 With a successful connection the Datalogger Clock window displays the time for both the data logger and the computer l The Adjusted Server Date Time displays the current reading of the clock for the computer or server ru...

Page 39: ...llection Enabled to have LoggerNet automatically collect data from the data logger on the Collection Interval entered When the Base Date and Time are in the past scheduled collection will begin immediately after finishing the EZSetup wizard Click Next twice 7 Click Finish 3 3 Making the software connection Once you have configured your hardware connection see Setting up communications with the dat...

Page 40: ...r changes these steps can apply to other measurements Use the following instructions or watch the Quickstart part 3 video 1 Using data logger support software launch Short Cut l PC200W and PC400 users click Short Cut l LoggerNet users click Program then Short Cut 2 Click Create New Program 3 Select CR1000X Series and click Next NOTE The first time Short Cut is run a prompt will ask for a noise rej...

Page 41: ... wire insulation Use the included flat blade screwdriver to open close the terminals 9 Click Sensors on the left side of the window to return to the sensor selection window then click Next at the bottom of the window 10 Type 1 in the How often should the datalogger measure its sensor s box 11 Use the Output Setup options to specify how often measurements are to be made and how often outputs are to...

Page 42: ... program using CRBasic See the CRBasic Editor help for detailed information on program structure syntax and each instruction available to the data logger NOTE Once a Short Cut generated program has been edited with CRBasic Editor it can no longer be modified with Short Cut 3 5 Sending a program to the data logger TIP It is good practice to always retrieve data from the data logger before sending a...

Page 43: ...you would like to proceed and erase all data tables saved on the data logger The program will send and compile 5 Review the Compile Results window for errors messages and warnings 6 Click Details select the Table Fill Times tab Ensure that the times shown are expected for your application Click OK After sending a program it is a good idea to monitor the Public Table to make sure sensors are taking...

Page 44: ...a logger and is updated only when viewed l The DataTableInfo table reports statistics related to data tables It also only updates when viewed l User defined data tables update at the schedule set within the program For information on collecting your data see Collecting data p 29 Use these instructions or follow the Connect Window tutorial to monitor real time data PC200W and PC400 users click Conn...

Page 45: ...ese instruction or follow the Collect Data Tutorial 4 2 1 Collecting data using LoggerNet 1 From the LoggerNet toolbar click Main and Connect select the data logger from the Stations list then Connect 2 Click Collect Now 3 After the data is collected the Data Collection Results window displays the tables collected and where they are stored on the computer 4 Select a data file then View File to vie...

Page 46: ...ta logger has had enough time to store multiple records you should collect and review the data 1 To view the most recent data connect the data logger to your computer and collect your data see Collecting data p 29 for more information 2 Open View Pro l LoggerNet users click Data then View Pro on the LoggerNet toolbar l PC200W and PC400 users click View Data Files via View Pro 3 Click Open navigate...

Page 47: ...ublic SiteName As String 24 As Float specifies the default data type If no data type is explicitly specified with the As statement then Float is assumed Measurement variables are stored and calculations are performed internally in IEEE 4 byte floating point with some operations calculated in double precision A good rule of thumb is that resolution will be better than 1 in the seventh digit As Long...

Page 48: ...orage of a single character The string will take up 4 bytes in memory and when stored in a data table but it will hold only one character 4 4 2 Data storage Data can be stored in either IEEE4 or FP2 formats The format is selected in the program instruction that outputs the data i e minimum maximum etc While Float IEEE 4 byte floating point is used for variables and internal calculations FP2 is ade...

Page 49: ...rst four rows constitute the file header Subsequent rows contain data records Data tables may store individual measurements individual calculated values or summary data such as averages maximums or minimums Typically files are written to based on time or event The number of data tables is limited to 250 You can retrieve data based on a schedule or by manually choosing to collect data using datalog...

Page 50: ...ds The following list describes the fields using the previous table entries as an example l TOA5 Table output format Changed via LoggerNet Setup Standard View Data Files tab l MyStation Station name Changed via LoggerNet Setup Device Configuration Utility or CRBasic program l CR1000X Datalogger model l 1142 Datalogger serial number l CR1000X Std 01 Datalogger OS version l CPU MyTemperature CR1X Da...

Page 51: ...ogram to customize the names TIMESTAMP RECORD BattV_Avg PTemp_C_Avg and Temp_C_Avg are the default field names in the previous Example data p 33 The third header row identifies engineering units for that field These units are declared at the beginning of a CRBasic program using the optional Units declaration In Short Cut units are chosen when sensors or measurements are added Units are strictly fo...

Page 52: ... and ending at 2016 03 08 00 00 00 4 6 Creating data tables in a program Data is stored in tables as directed by the CRBasic program In Short Cut data tables are created in the Output steps see Data logger program p 23 Data tables are created within the CRBasic datalogger program using the DataTable EndTable instructions They are placed after variable declarations and before the BeginProg instruct...

Page 53: ... tables that store data based on the DataInterval instruction Event or conditional tables are usually set to a fixed number of records View data table fill times for your program on the Station Status Table Fill Times tab see Checking station status p 113 for more information An example of the Table Fill Times tab follows For information on data table storage see the CRBasic help and Data memory p...

Page 54: ...ernal lithium battery retains this memory when primary power is removed The structure of the datalogger SRAM memory is as follows l Static Memory This is memory used by the operating system regardless of the running program This sector is rebuilt at power up program recompile and watchdog events l Operating Settings and Properties Also known as the Keep memory this memory is used to store settings...

Page 55: ... operations Managed in File Control Status reported in Status table fields USRDriveSize and USRDriveFree 5 3 Flash memory The datalogger operating system is stored in a separate section of flash memory To update the operating system see Updating the operating system p 109 5 4 Serial flash memory Serial flash memory holds the CPU drive web page and datalogger settings Because flash memory has a lim...

Page 56: ...ta table SRAM The USR drive holds any file type within the constraints of the size of the drive and the limitations on filenames Files typically stored include image files from cameras certain configuration files files written for FTP retrieval HTML files for viewing with web access and files created with the TableFile instruction Measurement data can also be stored on USR as discrete files by usi...

Page 57: ...iles in a compact binary format Campbell Scientific recommends and supports only the use of microSD cards obtained from Campbell Scientific These cards are industrial grade and have passed Campbell Scientific hardware testing Use of consumer grade cards substantially increases the risk of data loss Following are listed advantages Campbell Scientific cards have over less expensive commercial grade ...

Page 58: ...This only needs to be done once when the card is formatted If you have the datalogger update the card sector the first datalogger program compile with the card can take up to 10 minutes After that compile times will be normal 5 5 2 MicroSD card precautions Observe the following precautions when using optional memory cards l Before removing a card from the datalogger disable the card by pressing th...

Page 59: ...p program is changed the new Run on Power Up program runs l If neither Run on Power Up nor Run Now programs are changed the previous Run on Power Up program runs Syntax for the powerup ini file and available options follow 5 6 1 Syntax Syntax for powerup ini is Command File Device where l Command is one of the numeric commands in the following table l File is the accompanying operating system or u...

Page 60: ...g program will be preserved if table structures have not changed 7 Copy support files Copies a file such as an Include or program support file to the specified drive 9 Load OS File obj Loads an obj file to the CPU drive and then loads the obj file as the new datalogger operating system 13 Run always erase data Copies a program to a drive and sets the program to both Run Now and Run on Power Up Dat...

Page 61: ...am on Power Up Copy program file pwrup cr1x from the external drive to CPU File will run only when the datalogger is powered up later 2 pwrup cr1x cpu Example Format the USR Drive 5 usr Example Send OS on Power Up Load an operating system obj file into FLASH as the new OS 9 CR1000X Std 01 obj Example Run Program from SC115 Flash Memory Drive A program file is carried on an SC115 Flash Memory drive...

Page 62: ...tial measurements p 48 A voltage measurement proceeds as follows 1 Set PGIA gain for the voltage range selected with the CRBasic measurement instruction parameter Range Set the ADC for the first notch frequency selected with fN1 2 If used turn on excitation to the level selected with ExmV 3 Multiplex selected terminals SEChan or DiffChan 4 Delay for the entered settling time SettlingTime 5 Perform...

Page 63: ... for analogue input will damage CR1000X circuitry 6 1 1 Single ended measurements A single ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between the terminal configured for single ended input and the reference ground For example single ended channel 1 is comprised of terminals SE 1 and Single ended terminals are labelled in blue For more information see Wiring panel and terminal functions p...

Page 64: ...roblems l Benefits of Input Reversal and Excitation Reversal for Voltage Measurements l Voltage Accuracy Self Calibration and Ratiometric Measurements 6 1 3 1 Deciding between single ended or differential measurements Deciding whether a differential or single ended measurement is appropriate is usually by far the most important consideration when addressing voltage measurement quality The decision...

Page 65: ...xer should be acquired to expand differential input capacity Because a single ended measurement is referenced to datalogger ground any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the datalogger will result in an error in the measurement For more information on grounds see Grounds p 10 and Minimizing ground potential differences p 49 6 1 3 2 Minimizing ground potential differences Low lev...

Page 66: ...tly used to make measurements and send analogue information to the datalogger These instruments are often powered by the same Vac line source as the datalogger Despite being tied to the same ground differences in current drain and wire resistance result in different ground potentials at the two instruments For this reason a differential measurement should be made on the analogue output from the ex...

Page 67: ...essive switching noise on the output side of a power supply can increase measurement noise and so increase measurement error Noise from grid or mains power also may be transmitted through the transformer or induced electromagnetically from nearby motors heaters or power lines High quality power regulators typically reduce noise due to power regulation Using the 50 Hz or 60 Hz first notch frequency...

Page 68: ...voltage Ignoring rejecting or canceling the common mode voltage is an essential feature of the differential input configuration that improves voltage measurements The following image illustrates the common mode component Vcm and the differential mode component Vdm of a voltage signal Vcm is the average of the voltages on the V and V inputs So Vcm V V 2 or the voltage remaining on the inputs when V...

Page 69: ...ases while measurement time increases The total time required for a single result includes settling filtering overhead Consult the following technical paper at www campbellsci com app notes for in depth treatment of measurement noise Preventing and Attacking Measurement Noise Problems CR1000X filtering details The datalogger utilizes a sigma delta ADC that outputs digitized data at a rate of 31250...

Page 70: ...sients l When measurement speed is not a prime consideration additional time can be used to ensure ample settling time l In difficult cases where measurement speed is a consideration an appropriate settling time can be determined through testing Measuring settling time Settling time for a particular sensor and cable can be measured with the CR1000X Programming a series of measurements with increas...

Page 71: ...1 1 2500 True True 1500 15000 1 0 0 BrFull PT 16 1 mV200 1 Vx1 1 2500 True True 1600 15000 1 0 0 BrFull PT 17 1 mV200 1 Vx1 1 2500 True True 1700 15000 1 0 0 BrFull PT 18 1 mV200 1 Vx1 1 2500 True True 1800 15000 1 0 0 BrFull PT 19 1 mV200 1 Vx1 1 2500 True True 1900 15000 1 0 0 BrFull PT 20 1 mV200 1 Vx1 1 2500 True True 2000 15000 1 0 0 CallTable Settle NextScan EndProg The first six measurement...

Page 72: ...lue Many factors affect accuracy This topic discusses the effect percent of reading offset and resolution have on the accuracy of an analogue voltage measurement Accuracy is defined as follows accuracy percent of reading offset where percents of reading and offsets are displayed in the Analogue measurements specifications p 166 NOTE Error discussed in this section and error related specifications ...

Page 73: ...42 mV 0 5 µV 0 4205 mV 6 1 3 8 Minimizing offset voltages Voltage offset can be the source of significant error For example an offset of 3 μV on a 2500 mV signal causes an error of only 0 00012 but the same offset on a 0 25 mV signal causes an error of 1 2 Measurement offset voltages are unavoidable but can be minimized Offset voltages originate with l Ground currents see Minimizing ground potenti...

Page 74: ...t results in small thermally induced voltages across junctions of dissimilar metals as are common in electronic devices Differential measurements are more immune to these than are single ended measurements because of passive voltage cancellation occurring between matched high and low pairs such as 1H 1L So use differential measurements when measuring critical low level voltages especially those be...

Page 75: ...n of opposite polarity measurements cancels some offset voltages associated with the measurement Ratiometric measurements use an excitation voltage to excite the sensor during the measurement process Reversing excitation polarity also reduces offset voltage error Setting the RevEx parameter to True programs the measurement for excitation reversal Excitation reversal results in a polarity change of...

Page 76: ...y and positive and negative excitations with the inputs reversed The automatic procedure then is as follows 1 Switch to the measurement terminals 2 Set the excitation settle and then measure 3 Reverse the excitation settle and then measure 4 Reverse the excitation reverse the input terminals settle measure 5 Reverse the excitation settle measure There are four delays per measurement In cases of ex...

Page 77: ... the cost of accuracy because of the following l RevDiff RevEx and MeasOff are more effective l Background calibrations are performed only periodically so more time skew occurs between the background calibration offsets and the measurements to which they are applied NOTE When measurement duration must be minimal to maximize measurement frequency consider disabling RevDiff RevEx and MeasOff when da...

Page 78: ...ting typical current sensors and devices See also Current loop measurement specifications p 169 Sensor Type Connection Example 2 wire transmitter using datalogger power 2 wire transmitter using external power 3 wire transmitter using datalogger power 3 wire transmitter using external power 6 Measurements 62 ...

Page 79: ...age excitation via VX terminals Return voltage is measured on analogue input terminals configured for single ended SE or differential DIFF input The result of the measurement is a ratio of measured voltages See also Resistance measurements specifications p 168 6 3 1 Resistance measurements with voltage excitation CRBasic instructions for measuring resistance with voltage excitation include l BrHal...

Page 80: ...al Relationship Relational Formulas Half Bridge1 CRBasic Instruction BrHalf Fundamental Relationship Three Wire Half Bridge1 2 CRBasic Instruction BrHalf3W Fundamental Relationship Four Wire Half Bridge1 2 CRBasic Instruction BrHalf4W Fundamental Relationship 6 Measurements 64 ...

Page 81: ...applies to bridge measurements In addition to RevDiff and MeasOff parameters discussed in Minimizing offset voltages p 57 CRBasic bridge measurement instructions include the RevEx parameter that provides the option to program a second set of measurements with the excitation polarity reversed Much of the offset error inherent in bridge measurements is canceled out by setting RevDiff RevEx and MeasO...

Page 82: ... R2 Public R_3 1000 Resistance of fixed resistor R3 Public R_4 1000 Resistance of fixed resistor R4 Main Program BeginProg Scan 500 mSec 1 0 Full Bridge Measurement BrFull X 1 mV250 1 Vx1 1 4000 True True 0 60 1 0 0 0 X_1 1 X 1000 R_3 R_3 R_4 R_1 R_2 1 X_1 X_1 NextScan EndProg 6 3 2 Strain measurements A principal use of the four wire full bridge is the measurement of strain gauges in structural s...

Page 83: ...3 StrainCalc configuration codes BrConfig Code Configuration 1 Quarter bridge strain gage1 2 Half bridge strain gauge1 One gauge parallel to strain the other at 90 to strain 3 Half bridge strain gauge One gauge parallel to ɛ the other parallel to ɛ1 4 Full bridge strain gauge Two gauges parallel to ɛ the other two parallel to ɛ1 6 Measurements 67 ...

Page 84: ...istive sensors require ac excitation Ac excitation is defined as excitation with equal positive and negative duration and magnitude These include electrolytic tilt sensors soil moisture blocks water conductivity sensors and wetness sensing grids The use of single polarity dc excitation with these sensors can result in polarization of sensor materials and the substance measured Polarization may cau...

Page 85: ...s specifications p 168 Voltage measurement is variable V1 or V2 in Resistance measurements p 63 Offset is the same as that for simple analogue voltage measurements Assumptions that support the ratiometric accuracy specification include l Datalogger is within factory calibration specification l Input reversal for differential measurements and excitation reversal for excitation voltage are within sp...

Page 86: ...junction is determined Next a reference junction compensation voltage is computed based on the temperature difference between the reference junction and 0 C If the reference junction is the datalogger analogue input terminals the temperature is conveniently measured with the PanelTemp instruction The actual thermocouple voltage is measured and combined with the reference junction compensation volt...

Page 87: ...e count scans can occur less frequently than period average scans Pulse counters may be more susceptible to low frequency noise because they are always listening whereas period averaging measurements may filter the noise by reason of being asleep most of the time Pulse count measurements are not appropriate for sensors that are powered off between scans whereas period average measurements work wel...

Page 88: ... P and C terminals are configurable for pulse input to measure counts or frequency Maximum input frequency is dependent on input voltage see Pulse measurement specifications p 169 for more information If pulse input voltages exceed the maximum voltage third party external signal conditioners should be employed Do not measure voltages greater than 20 V NOTE Conflicts can occur when a control port p...

Page 89: ... by C terminals Peripheral terminal expansion modules such as the Campbell Scientific LLAC4 are available for converting low level ac signals to square wave signals measurable by C terminals For more information see Pulse measurement specifications p 169 6 6 2 High frequency measurements High frequency square wave signals can be measured on P or C terminals Common sensors that output high frequenc...

Page 90: ...s bounce Because of the filtering the maximum switch closure frequency is less than the maximum high frequency measurement frequency Sensors that commonly output a switch closure or an open collector signal include l Tipping bucket rain gauges l Switch closure anemometers l Flow meters The datalogger has built in pull up and pull down resistors for different pulse measurements which can be accesse...

Page 91: ... an edge timing application 6 6 4 1 Single edge timing A single edge or state transition can be measured on or C terminals Measurements can be expressed as a time µs frequency Hz or period µs CRBasic instruction TimerInput 6 6 4 2 Multiple edge counting Time between edges time from an edge on the previous terminal and edges that span the scan interval can be measured on or C terminals Measurements...

Page 92: ...t would be determined that the encoder was moving in a counterclockwise direction Terminals C1 C8 can be configured as digital pairs to monitor the two channels of an encoder The Quadrature instruction can return l The accumulated number of counts from channel A and channel B Count will increase if channel A leads channel B Count will decrease if channel B leads channel A l The net direction l Num...

Page 93: ... C terminals Conflicts can occur when a control port pair is used for different instructions TimerInput PulseCount SDI12Recorder WaitDigTrig For example if C1 is used for SDI12Recorder C2 cannot be used for TimerInput PulseCount or WaitDigTrig Understanding the signal to be measured and compatible input terminals and CRBasic instructions is helpful See Pulse input terminals and the input types the...

Page 94: ...eveloped static and dynamic spectral analysis techniques VSPECT that produce superior noise rejection higher resolution diagnostic data and in the case of dynamic VSPECT measurements up to 333 3 Hz For detailed information on VSPECT see Vibrating Wire Spectral Analysis Technology 6 8 Sequential and pipeline processing modes The datalogger has two processing modes sequential mode and pipeline mode ...

Page 95: ...owever because processing can lag behind measurements there could be instances such as when turning on a sensor using the SW12 instruction that the sensor might not be on at the correct time to make the measurement Pipeline scheduling requires that the program be written such that measurements are executed every scan Because multiple tasks are taking place at the same time the sequence in which th...

Page 96: ...unning in sequential mode the main scan has the highest priority for measurements followed by background calibration which is automatically run in a slow sequence then the first slow sequence the second slow sequence and so on The effects of this priority are negligible however since once the tasks begin running each task is allotted a 10 msec time slice after which the next task in the queue runs...

Page 97: ... should be declared as Dim l Be conservative with use of string variables and string variable sizes Make string variables as big as they need to be and no more The default size if not specified is 24 bytes but the minimum is 4 bytes Declare string variables Public and sample string variables into data tables only as needed l When using GetVariables SendVariables to send values between dataloggers ...

Page 98: ...Open l SerialClose l SerialIn l SerialInRecord l SerialInBlock l SerialOut l SerialOutBlock To communicate over a serial port it is important to be familiar with protocol used by the device with which you will be communicating Refer to the manual of the sensor or device to find its protocol and then select the appropriate options for each CRBasic parameter See the application note Interfacing Seri...

Page 99: ...leep two packets are required before it will respond The first packet awakens the datalogger the second packet is received as data This would make a Modbus master fail to poll the datalogger if not using retries More information on Modbus can be found at l www simplyModbus ca FAQ htm l www Modbus org tech php l www lammertbies nl comm info modbus html 7 2 1 About Modbus Modbus is a communications ...

Page 100: ...ring environmental data to SCADA systems l Integrating Modbus data into PakBus networks or PakBus data into Modbus networks 7 2 2 Modbus protocols There are three standard variants of Modbus protocols l Modbus RTU Modbus RTU is the most common implementation available for Modbus Used in serial communications data is transmitted in a binary format The RTU format follows the commands data with a cyc...

Page 101: ...e bit physical input is called a discrete input or a contact Information is stored in the slave device in up to four different tables Two tables store on off discrete values coils and two store numerical values registers The coils and registers each have a read only table and read write table 7 2 4 Connecting Modbus devices Dataloggers can communicate with Modbus on all available communication por...

Page 102: ...one command at a time So the master needs to wait for a response or timeout before sending the next command A broadcast address is specified to allow simultaneous communications with all slaves Because response time of slave devices is not specified by the standard and device manufacturers also rarely specify a maximum response time broadcast features are rarely used When implementing a system tim...

Page 103: ...s consult the device documentation for support information The most commonly used functions codes 01 02 03 04 05 15 and 16 are supported by Campbell Scientific dataloggers Most users only require the read register functions Holding registers are read with function code 03 Input registers are read with function code 04 This can be confusing because holding registers are usually listed with an offse...

Page 104: ... Some equipment uses 0 based numbering check the equipment documentation With 0 based numbering the first register is referred to as 0 Reading register numbers can be complicated by the fact that register numbers are often written with an offset added Input registers are written with an offset of 30000 So the first input register is written as 30001 with 1 based numbering Holding registers are num...

Page 105: ...ice uses If you receive garbled data try reversing the byte order Reversing byte order is done using the MoveBytes instruction There is an example in CRBasic help for reversing the bytes order of a 32 bit variable After properly reading in a value from a Modbus device you might have to convert the value to proper engineering units With integer data types it is common to have the value transmitted ...

Page 106: ...ed within Modbus Whether you are connecting via Modbus to a solar inverter power meter or flow meter the information provided here can help you overcome the challenges and successfully gather data into a Campbell datalogger Further information on Modbus can be found at l www simplyModbus ca FAQ htm l www Modbus org tech php l www lammertbies nl comm info modbus html 7 2 8 1 Error codes Modbus defi...

Page 107: ... devices do not fully implement parsing Modbus commands Instead they are hard coded to respond to certain Modbus messages The result is that the device will report an error when you try selectively polling registers Try requesting all of the registers together Result code 11 COM port error Result code 11 occurs when the datalogger is unable to open the COM port specified For serial connections thi...

Page 108: ...resses available for assignment the datalogger will automatically request and obtain an IP address through DHCP Once the address is assigned look in the Settings Editor Ethernet information box to see the assigned IP address The CR1000X provides a DNS client that can query a DNS server to determine if an IP address has been mapped to a hostname If it has then the hostname can be used interchangeab...

Page 109: ... Campbell Scientific communications protocol By using signed data packets PakBus increases the number of communication and networking options available to the datalogger The datalogger allows PakBus communications on all available communications ports For additional information see The Many Possibilities of PakBus Networking Advantages of PakBus include l Simultaneous communications between the da...

Page 110: ...air is used for different instructions TimerInput PulseCount SDI12Recorder WaitDigTrig For example if C1 is used for SDI12Recorder C2 cannot be used for TimerInput PulseCount or WaitDigTrig Transparent mode facilitates sensor setup and troubleshooting It allows commands to be manually issued and the full sensor response viewed Transparent mode does not record data See SDI 12 transparent mode p 94 ...

Page 111: ...SDI 12 sensor is connected and press Enter For example 1 is entered for terminal C1 4 An Entering SDI12 Terminal response indicates that SDI 12 transparent mode is active and ready to transmit SDI 12 commands and display responses The terminal mode utility allows monitoring of SDI 12 traffic by using the watch command sniffer mode Watch an instructional this video or use the following instructions...

Page 112: ...htly in function from similar commands entered in transparent mode In transparent mode for example the operator manually enters aM and aD0 to initiate a measurement and get data with the operator providing the proper time delay between the request for measurement and the request for data In programmed mode the datalogger provides command and timing services within a single line of code For example...

Page 113: ...nsor 7 7 4 SDI 12 power considerations When a command is sent by the datalogger to an SDI 12 probe all probes on the same SDI 12 port will wake up However only the probe addressed by the datalogger will respond All other probes will remain active until the timeout period expires Example Probe Water Content Power Usage l Quiescent 0 25 mA l Active 66 mA l Measurement 120 mA Measurement time 15 s Ti...

Page 114: ...es Awake Time Out Expires Probe 1 mA Probe 2 mA Probe 3 mA Probe 4 mA Total mA Sleep 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 1 1 1M Yes 120 66 66 66 318 2 14 120 66 66 66 318 15 Yes 120 66 66 66 318 16 1D0 Yes 66 66 66 66 264 17 29 66 66 66 66 264 30 Yes 66 66 66 66 264 Sleep 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 1 7 Communications Protocols 98 ...

Page 115: ...nformation for all of our products Video tutorials https www campbellsci com videos and blog articles https www campbellsci eu blog are also useful troubleshooting resources If calibration or repair is needed the procedure shown on https www campbellsci eu repair should be followed when sending the product 8 1 Datalogger calibration 99 8 2 Datalogger security 100 8 3 Datalogger enclosures 104 8 4 ...

Page 116: ...unning CRBasic program These coefficients are reported in the Status table as CalVolts CalGain CalOffset and CalCurrent Background calibration will be disabled automatically when the scan rate is too fast for the background calibration measurements to occur in addition to the measurements in the program The Calibrate instruction can be used to override or disable background calibration Disable bac...

Page 117: ...tting a PakBus encryption AES 128 key in Device Configuration Utility This forces PakBus data to be encrypted during transmission l Disabling HTTP HTTPS or creating a csipasswd file to secure HTTP HTTPS see Creating a csipasswd file p 103 for more information l Enabling HTTPS and disabling HTTP To prevent data collection via the web interface both HTTP and HTTPS must be disabled l Tracking Operati...

Page 118: ...t has no SetSecurity instruction Up to three levels of security can be set Valid security codes are 1 through 65535 0 confers no security Security 1 must be set before Security 2 Security 2 must be set before Security 3 If any one of the codes is set to 0 any security code level greater than it will be set to 0 For example if Security 2 is 0 then Security 3 is automatically set to 0 Security codes...

Page 119: ... accounts with differing levels of access can be defined for one datalogger Four levels of access are available l None Disable a user account l Read Only Data collection is unrestricted Clock and writable variables cannot be changed Programs cannot be viewed stopped deleted or retrieved l Read Write Data collection is unrestricted Clock and writable variables can be changed Programs cannot be view...

Page 120: ... arguments where omitting the argument results in a default being used When applicable optional arguments and their defaults are noted and examples are provided in the CRBasic help search Web Server API Commands 8 3 Datalogger enclosures The datalogger and most of its peripherals must be protected from moisture and humidity Moisture in the electronics will seriously damage the datalogger In most c...

Page 121: ...ntly when operating continuously in high temperatures NOTE The battery is replaced during regular factory recalibration which is recommended every 3 years For more information see Datalogger calibration p 99 When the lithium battery is removed or is depleted and primary power to the datalogger is removed the CRBasic program and most settings are maintained but the following are lost l Run now and ...

Page 122: ...table reference the external battery voltage 8 4 1 Replacing the internal battery It is recommended that you send the datalogger in for scheduled calibration which includes internal battery replacement see Datalogger calibration p 99 WARNING Any damage made to the datalogger during user replacement of the internal battery is not covered under warranty 1 Remove the two screws from the back of the p...

Page 123: ...arge ESD can originate from several sources the most common and destructive are primary and secondary lightning strikes Primary lightning strikes hit instrumentation directly Secondary strikes induce voltage in power lines or wires connected to instrumentation While elaborate expensive and nearly infallible lightning protection systems are on the market Campbell Scientific for many years has emplo...

Page 124: ...ephone or short haul modem lines with spark gap protection Spark gap protection is usually an option with these products so request it when ordering Spark gaps must be connected to earth chassis ground For detailed information on grounding see Grounds p 10 8 6 Power budgeting In low power situations the datalogger can operate for several months on non rechargeable batteries Power systems for longe...

Page 125: ... operating system OS updates at www campbellsci eu downloads when they become available It is recommended that before deploying instruments you check operating system versions and update them as needed The datalogger operating system version is shown in the Status table Station Status Summary and Device Configuration Utility Deployment Datalogger An operating system may be sent through Device Conf...

Page 126: ...f the window click Start 7 On the Avoid Conflicts with the Local Server window click OK 8 Navigate to the C Campbellsci Lib OperatingSystems folder 9 Ensure Datalogger Operating System Files obj is selected in the Files of type list select the new OS obj file and click Open to update the OS on the datalogger Watch a video Sending an OS to a Local Datalogger 8 7 2 Sending an operating system to a r...

Page 127: ... Files obj is selected in the files of type list select the new OS obj file and click Open to update the OS on the datalogger Note the following precautions when sending as a program l Any peripherals being powered through the SW12 terminals will be turned off until the program logic turns them on again l Operating systems are very large files Be cautious of data charges Sending over a direct seri...

Page 128: ...signals or it may migrate into the sensor which will damage sensor electronics 3 Check the CRBasic program If the program was written solely with Short Cut the program is probably not the source of the problem If the program was written or edited with CRBasic Editor logic and syntax errors could easily have crept in To troubleshoot create a simpler version of the program or break it up into multip...

Page 129: ...the datalogger the name of the current program program compile results and other key indicators Items that may need your attention appear in red or blue The following information describes the significance of some entries in the station status window Watch a video or use the following instructions 9 1 1 Viewing station status Using your datalogger support software access the Station Status to view...

Page 130: ...ntific for assistance see https www campbellsci eu support Causes that may require assistance include l Memory corruption l Operating System problem l Hardware problem l IP communications problem 9 1 3 Results for last program compiled Messages generated by the datalogger at program upload and as the program runs are reported here Warnings indicate that an expected feature may not work but the pro...

Page 131: ...processing INF indicates that the program has encountered an arithmetic expression that is undefined NAN indicates an invalid measurement For more information see Tips and Tricks Who s NAN NANs are expected in the following conditions l Input signals exceed the voltage range chosen for the measurement l An invalid SDI 12 command is sent l An SDI 12 sensor does not respond or aborts without sending...

Page 132: ...s When setting the clock with LoggerNet initiate it manually during a maintenance period when the datalogger is not actively writing to Data Tables Click the Set button in the Clocks field of the LoggerNet Connect Screen If you are going to use automated clock check with LoggerNet clock settings can be found on the LoggerNet Setup Standard View Clock tab it is recommended that you do this on the o...

Page 133: ...xecution times are usually short so time stamp skew is only a few milliseconds Most measurement requirements allow for a few milliseconds of skew l Data processed into averages maxima minima and so forth are composites of several measurements Associated time stamps only reflect the time of the scan when processing calculations were completed so the significance of the exact time a specific sample ...

Page 134: ... data tables or variables and the datalogger does not have adequate memory This normally is flagged at compile time in the compile results If this type of error occurs o Check the CPU drive for copies of old programs The datalogger keeps copies of all program files unless they are deleted the drive is formatted or a new operating system is loaded with Device Configuration Utility o Check the USR d...

Page 135: ... program type REBOOT Enter 9 5 2 Program send reset Final data memory is erased when user programs are uploaded unless preserve erase data options are used and the program was not altered Preserve erase data options are presented when sending programs using File Control Send command and CRBasic Editor Compile Save and Send TIP It is good practice to always collect data before sending a program to ...

Page 136: ...reset does not affect the CRD drive directly Subsequent user program uploads however can erase CRD See Updating the operating system p 109 for more information 9 6 Troubleshooting power supplies Power supply systems may include batteries charging regulators and a primary power source such as solar panels or ac ac or ac dc transformers attached to mains power All components may need to be checked i...

Page 137: ...il and water provide an alternate path for the excitation to return to datalogger ground This example is modeled in the following image With Rg in the resistor network the signal measured from the sensor is described by the following equation where l Vx is the excitation voltage l Rf is a fixed resistor l Rs is the sensor resistance l Rg is the resistance between the excited electrode and datalogg...

Page 138: ...e by adjusting its output or the measurement of its output to match independently verified quantities Adjusting sensor output directly is preferred but not always possible or practical By adding the FieldCal or FieldCalStrain instruction to a CRBasic program measurements of a linear sensor can be adjusted by modifying the programmed multiplier and offset applied to the measurement without modifyin...

Page 139: ...k 32 No response from drive Door possibly open 33 Address mark or sector not found 34 Bad sector encountered 35 DMA memory boundary crossing error 36 Miscellaneous I O error 37 Pipe size of 0 requested 38 Memory release error relmem 39 FAT sectors unreadable all copies 40 Bad BPB sector 41 Time out waiting for filesystem available 42 Controller failure error 43 Pathname exceeds _MAX_PATHNAME 9 10 ...

Page 140: ...system information and settings are stored or changed l Status table The Status table is an automatically created data table View the Status table by connecting the datalogger to your computer see Making the software connection p 23 for more information Station Status then clicking the Status Table tab l DataTableInfo table The DataTableInfo table is automatically created when a program produces o...

Page 141: ...g l PPP dial response l Baud rate change on control ports l Maximum number of TLS server connections l USR drive size l PakBus encryption key l PakBus TCP server port l HTTP service port l FTP service port l PakBus TCP service port l PakBus TCP client connections l Communications allocation 9 12 1 Information tables directories Use the following links to help you navigate through the Information T...

Page 142: ...ery LithiumBattery Low12VCount 9 12 1 2 Communications For detailed information on communication protocols see Communications Protocols p 81 General communications Baudrate CommsMemAlloc CommsMemFree RS232Handshaking RS232Power RS232Timeout PakBus communications Beacon CentralRouters IsRouter MaxPacketSize Neighbours PakBusAddress PakBusEncryptionKey PakBusPort PakBusRoutes PakBusTCPClients PakBus...

Page 143: ...round calibration p 100 for more information CalGain CalOffset ErrorCalib LastSystemScan MaxSystemProcTime SkippedSystemScan SystemProcTime 9 12 1 4 Data DataFillDays DataRecordSize DataTableName SecsPerRecord SkippedRecord 9 12 1 5 OS and hardware versions OSDate OSSignature OSVersion RevBoard SerialNumber 9 12 1 6 Power monitoring See Power output p 9 for more information Battery LithiumBattery ...

Page 144: ...on and settings The DataTableInfo table is automatically created when a program produces other data tables View the DataTableInfo table by connecting the datalogger to your computer see Making the software connection p 23 for more information l PC200W and PC400 users click the Monitor Data tab and add the DataTableInfo to display it l LoggerNet users select DataTableInfo from the Table Monitor lis...

Page 145: ... data type l Read only SkippedRecord Reports how many times records have been skipped in a data table Array elements are in the order that data tables are declared in the CRBasic program Enter 0 to reset l Numeric data type TimeStamp Scan time that a record was generated l NSEC data type l Read only 9 12 2 2 Status Table system information and settings The Status table is an automatically created ...

Page 146: ...or each integration range combination l Numeric data type l Read only CalOffSet Displays the offset calibration factor for the different voltage ranges l Numeric data type l Read only CalVolts Array of floating point values reporting a factory calibrated correction factor for the different voltage ranges l Numeric data type l Read only CardStatus Contains a string with the most recent status infor...

Page 147: ...which runs in a hidden slow sequence type scan See MaxSystemProcTime SkippedSystemScan and SystemProcTime l Numeric data type l Read only LithiumBattery Voltage of the internal lithium battery Updated at CR1000X power up For battery information see Internal battery p 105 l Numeric data type l Read only Low12VCount Counts the number of times the primary CR1000X supply voltage drops below 9 0 Vdc Up...

Page 148: ...tion system and slow sequences Assumes all measurement instructions run each scan Updated after compile and before running l Numeric data type l Read only MeasureTime Reports the time μs needed to make measurements in the current scan Calculated at compile time Includes integration and settling time In pipeline mode processing occurs concurrent with this time so the sum of MeasureTime and ProcessT...

Page 149: ...ad only OSVersion Version of the operating system in the CR1000X Updated at OS startup l String data type l Read only PakBusRoutes Lists routes or router neighbours known to the datalogger at the time the setting was read Each route is represented by four components separated by commas and enclosed in parentheses port via neighbour address pakbus address response time in ms Updates when routes are...

Page 150: ... of the EndScan instruction after the measurement event is set to the beginning of the EndScan before the wait for the measurement event begins for the subsequent scan Calculated on the fly Updated at the conclusion of scan processing prior to waiting for the next scan l Numeric data type l Read only ProgErrors Number of compile or runtime errors for the running program Updated after compile l Num...

Page 151: ...Read only SerialNumber CR1000X serial number assigned by the factory when the datalogger was calibrated Stored in flash memory Updated at startup l Numeric data type l Read only SkippedScan Number of skipped program scans see Checking station status p 113 for more information that have occurred while running the CRBasic program Does not include scans intentionally skipped as may occur with the use...

Page 152: ...e Time μs required to process auto background calibration Default is a large number until background calibration runs l Float data type l Read only TimeStamp Scan time that a record was generated l NSEC data type l Read only VarOutOfBound Number of attempts to write to an array outside of the declared size The write does not occur Indicates a CRBasic program error If an array is used in a loop or ...

Page 153: ...ce Configuration Utility settings Access settings using Device Configuration Utility Clicking on a setting in Device Configuration Utility also provides information about that setting 9 Tips and troubleshooting 137 ...

Page 154: ...te at which the datalogger will broadcast PakBus messages on the associated port in order to discover any new PakBus neighboring nodes If this setting value is set to a value of 0 or 65 535 the datalogger will not broadcast beacon messages on this port This setting will also govern the default verification interval if the value of the Verify setting for the associated port is zero If the value of ...

Page 155: ...ination address for those messages in its routing table l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Advanced Central Routers CommsMemAlloc Replaces PakBusNodes Controls the amount of memory allocated for PakBus routing and communications in general Increase the value of this setting if you require more memory dedicated to communications Increase this valu...

Page 156: ... levels By default the port will use inverted logic levels Use the SerialOpen CRBasic command to configure this port for standard TTL logic levels l RS 485 Half Duplex PakBus The port is configured as RS 485 half duplex two wire and uses the PakBus MDROP protocol This allows reliable PakBus peer to peer networking of multiple devices including the MD485 and NL100 using the RS 485 interface l RS 48...

Page 157: ... Configuration Utility CS I O CS I O Network Addresses DisableLithium Controls whether the datalogger will maintain its real time clock and battery backed memory when it loses power Setting this value to one will cause the datalogger clock to lose time on power loss If this value is set to one the datalogger will not maintain its program or data after it powers down This value is useful when the d...

Page 158: ...les if CardOut Data Table Mismatch DNS This setting specifies the addresses of up to two domain name servers that the datalogger can use to resolve domain names to IP addresses Note that if DHCP is used to resolve IP information the addresses obtained via DHCP will be appended to this list l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Ethernet CS I O IP PPP...

Page 159: ...tensions from various sources There can be up to four specifications Each specification has three required fields PakBus Address File Name and Count l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Advanced Files Manager FTPEnabled Set to 1 if to enable FTP service Default is 0 l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Uti...

Page 160: ...vates the FTP server l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Network Services FTP User Name HTTPEnabled Specifies additions to the HTTP header in the web service response It can include multiple lines Set to 1 to enable HTTP web server service or 0 to disable it l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Ne...

Page 161: ...ce Port HTTPSEnabled Set to 1 to enable the HTTPS secure web server service l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Network Services HTTPS Enabled HTTPSPort Configures the TCP port on which the HTTPS encrypted web server service is offered Generally the default value is sufficient unless a different value needs to be specified to accommodate port map...

Page 162: ... CRD on which the file is located The extension of the file must also be valid for a datalogger program dld cr1x See also File management via powerup ini p 43 l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Advanced Include File Name IPAddressCSIO Arrays that specify the IP addresses of the internet interfaces that use the CS I O bridge protocol If a value is...

Page 163: ... If the value of the Ethernet IP Address setting is set to 0 0 0 0 the default the datalogger will configure the effective value of this setting using DHCP This setting is the equivalent to the IPGateway status table variable l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Ethernet Gateway IPGatewayCSIO These settings specify the IP addresses of the router on...

Page 164: ...ta type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Ethernet Subnet Mask IPTrace Discontinued aliased to IPTraceComport IPTraceCode Controls what type of information is sent on the port specified by IPTraceComport and via Telnet Each bit in this integer represents a certain aspect of tracing that can be turned on or off Values for particular bits are described in the Device...

Page 165: ...is setting is false the datalogger will be configured to act as a leaf node In this configuration the datalogger will not be able to forward packets from one port to another and it will not maintain a list of neighbours Under this configuration the datalogger can still communicate with other dataloggers and wireless sensors It cannot however be used as a means of reaching those other dataloggers T...

Page 166: ...fset setting is not set it is assumed to be 0 l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Advanced NTP Server PakBusAddress This setting specifies the PakBus address for this device Valid values are in the range 1 to 4094 The value for this setting must be chosen such that the address of the device will be unique in the scope of the datalogger network Dup...

Page 167: ...PakBus Encryption Key PakBusNodes Discontinued aliased to CommsMemAlloc PakBusPort This setting specifies the TCP service port for PakBus communications with the datalogger Unless firewall issues exist this setting probably does not need to be changed from its default value Default 6785 l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Network Services PakBus ...

Page 168: ...his setting specifies a password that if not empty will make the datalogger authenticate any incoming or outgoing PakBus TCP connection This type of authentication is similar to that used by CRAM MD5 l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Datalogger PakBus TCP Password PingEnabled Set to one to enable the ICMP ping service l Numeric data type Where t...

Page 169: ...ile size has been reached crd debug ring pcap creates crd debug001 pcap crd debug002 pcap l If a number follows ring then only that number of files will be saved with the oldest deleted For example usr debug ring 3 pcap will save three files If All Networks is selected as the Network Interface and PPP Cell is active then seperate files will be opened for the PPP Cell network with ppp prefixed on t...

Page 170: ... in succession the datalogger will add a delay of one second for each additional semicolon If a value of PPP is specified for this setting will configure the datalogger to act as a PPP client without any modem dialing Finally an empty string the default will configure the datalogger to listen for incoming PPP connections also without any modem dialing l String data type Where to find l Settings Ed...

Page 171: ...ed to use l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility PPP PPP Interface pppIPAddr Specifies the IP address that will be used for the PPP interface if that interface is active the PPP Interface setting needs to be set to something other than Inactive l String data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility PPP IP Address pppP...

Page 172: ...restrictions State changing message types include set variable table reset file control send file set settings and revert settings If a message is encoded using PakBus encryption the router will forward that message regardless of its content If however the routes filter setting is active in the destination node and the unencrypted message is of a state changing type the route filter will be applie...

Page 173: ... CTS is not asserted l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Advanced RS232 Hardware Handshaking Timeout Security 1 Security 2 Security 3 An array of three security codes A value of zero for a given level will grant access to that level s privileges for any given security code For more information see Datalogger security p 100 l Numeric data type Whe...

Page 174: ...Services Telnet Enabled TLSConnections This setting controls the number of concurrent TLS secure or encrypted client socket connections that the datalogger will be capable of handling at any given time This will affect FTPS and HTTPS services This count will be increased by the number of DNP instructions in the datalogger s program This setting will control the amount of RAM that the datalogger wi...

Page 175: ... stack l String data type l Read only Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility TLS TLS Status UDPBroadcastFilter Set to one if all broadcast IP packets should be filtered from IP interfaces Do not set this if you use the IP discovery feature of the device configuration utility or of LoggerLink If this is set the datalogger will fail to respond to the broadcast requests D...

Page 176: ...or the USR drive Where to find l Device Configuration Utility File Control tab USRDriveSize Specifies the size in bytes allocated for the USR ram disk drive This memory is allocated from the memory that the datalogger would normally use to store its compiled program or RAM based data tables If this setting is too large some programs may not be able to compile on the datalogger Setting the USR Driv...

Page 177: ... offset will be applied l Numeric data type Where to find l Settings Editor tab in Device Configuration Utility Advanced UTC Offset Verify This setting specifies the interval in units of seconds that will be reported as the link verification interval in the PakBus hello transaction messages It will indirectly govern the rate at which the datalogger will attempt to start a hello transaction with a ...

Page 178: ...utput specifications 10 5 Analogue measurements specifications 10 6 Pulse measurement specifications 10 7 Digital input output specifications 10 8 Communications specifications 10 9 Standards compliance specifications 174 Specifications 10 1 System specifications Processor Renesas RX63N 32 bit with hardware FPU running at 100 MHz Memory see Data memory p 38 for more information l 128 MB of flash 4...

Page 179: ...18 V and less than 32 V are tolerated however the 12 V output SW12 1 and SW12 2 are disabled and will not function until the input voltage falls below 16 V Sustained input voltages in excess of 32 V can damage the TVS diodes If the voltage on the POWER IN terminals exceeds 19 V power is shut off to certain parts of the datalogger to prevent damaging connected sensors or peripherals USB Power Funct...

Page 180: ...dc Temperature C Current Limit1 A 40 4 53 20 3 00 70 1 83 85 1 56 1 Limited by self resetting thermal fuse 10 4 2 12V and SW12V Power Output Terminals 12V SW12 1 and SW12 2 Provide unregulated 12 Vdc power with voltage equal to the Power Input supply voltage These are disabled when operating on USB power only The 12V terminal is limited to the current shown in the previous table SW12 1 and SW12 2 ...

Page 181: ...case these terminals are regularly used with resistive bridge measurements see Resistance measurements p 63 for more information VX terminals can also be used to supply a selectable switched regulated 3 3 or 5 Vdc power source to power digital sensors and toggle control lines Range Resolution Accuracy1 2 Maximum Source Sink Current3 Voltage Excitation 4 V 0 06 mV 0 1 of setting 2 mV 40 mA Switched...

Page 182: ...150 Ω 10 4 5 CS I O Pin 1 5 V Logic Level Max Current 200 mA 10 5 Analogue measurements specifications 16 single ended SE or 8 differential DIFF terminals individually configurable for voltage thermocouple current loop ratiometric and period average measurements using a 24 bit ADC One channel at a time is measured 10 5 1 Voltage measurements Terminals l Differential Configuration DIFF 1H 1L 8H 8L ...

Page 183: ... will not cause over range 2 Typical effective resolution ER in bits computed from ratio of full scale range to RMS resolution 3 50 60 corresponds to rejection of 50 and 60 Hz ac power mains noise Accuracy does not include sensor or measurement noise l 0 to 40 C 0 04 of measurement offset l 40 to 70 C 0 06 of measurement offset l 55 to 85 C XT 0 08 of measurement offset Voltage Measurement Accurac...

Page 184: ...age excitation Excitation polarity reversal is available to minimize dc error Typically at least one terminal is configured for excitation output Multiple sensors may be able to use a common excitation terminal Accuracy Assumes input reversal for differential measurements RevDiff and excitation reversal RevEx for excitation voltage 1000 mV Does not include bridge resistor errors or sensor and meas...

Page 185: ...so Period averaging measurements p 70 10 5 4 Current loop measurement specifications The datalogger makes current loop measurements by measuring across a current sense resistor associated with the RS 485 resistive ground terminals RG1 RG2 Maximum Input Voltage 16 V Resistance to Ground 101 Ω Current Measurement Shunt Resistance 10 Ω Maximum Current Measurement Range 80 mA Absolute Maximum Current ...

Page 186: ...l Up Resistance 100 kΩ to 5 V Event Low 0 8 V to High 2 5 V Maximum Input Frequency 150 Hz Minimum Switch Closed Time 5 ms Minimum Switch Open Time 6 ms Maximum Bounce Time 1 ms open without being counted 10 6 2 High frequency input Resistance Configurable in terminal pairs with 100 kΩ pull up or pull down Pull Up Resistance 100 kΩ to 5 V Event Low 0 8 V to High 2 5 V Maximum Input Frequency 250 k...

Page 187: ...ncy pulse counting UART RS 232 RS 485 SDM SDI 12 I2C and SPI function Terminals are configurable in pairs for 5 V or 3 3 V logic for some functions Conflicts can occur when a control port pair is used for different instructions TimerInput PulseCount SDI12Recorder WaitDigTrig For example if C1 is used for SDI12Recorder C2 cannot be used for TimerInput PulseCount or WaitDigTrig Terminals C1 C8 Maxim...

Page 188: ... 3 Edge timing Maximum Input Frequency 1 kHz Resolution 500 ns 10 7 4 Edge counting Maximum Input Frequency 2 3 kHz 10 7 5 Quadrature input Terminals C1 C8 can be configured as digital pairs to monitor the two sensing channels of an encoder Maximum Frequency 2 5 kHz Resolution 31 25 µs or 32 kHz 10 7 6 Pulse width modulation Maximum Period 36 4 seconds Resolution l 0 5 ms 83 33 ns l 5 325 ms 5 33 ...

Page 189: ...ver serial UDP Data File Formats TOA5 TOB1 TOB3 CSV XML JSON binary encrypted USB Micro B device for computer connectivity CS I O 9 pin D sub connector to interface with Campbell Scientific CS I O peripherals Pinout Pin Number Function Input I Output O Description 1 5 Vdc O 5 Vdc sources 5 Vdc used to power peripherals 2 SG Signal ground provides a power return for pin 1 5V and is used as a refere...

Page 190: ...s RS 232 or CPI RS 232 connects to computer sensor or communications devices serially CPI interfaces with Campbell Scientific CDM measurement peripherals and sensors RS 232 CPI Pinout Pin Number Description 1 RS 232 Transmit Tx 2 RS 232 Receive Rx 3 100 Ω Res Ground 4 CPI Data 5 CPI Data 6 100 Ω Res Ground 7 RS 232 CTS CPI Sync 8 RS 232 DTR CPI Sync 9 Not Used SDI 12 C1 C3 C5 C7 Four independent S...

Page 191: ...following standards o ESD per IEC 61000 4 2 8 kV air 4 kV contact discharge o RF per IEC 61000 4 3 3 V m 80 1000 MHz o EFT per IEC 61000 4 4 1 kV power 500 V I O o Surge per IEC 61000 4 5 1 kV power and I O o Conducted per IEC 61000 4 6 3 V 150 kHz 80 MHz l Emissions and immunity performance criteria available on request 10 Specifications 175 ...

Page 192: ......

Page 193: ... allowed neighbour list is a list of neighbours with which a device will communicate If a device address is entered in an allowed neighbour list a hello exchange will be initiated with that device Any device with an address between 1 and 3999 that is not entered in the allowed neighbour list will be filtered from communicating with the device using the list amperes A Base unit for electric current...

Page 194: ...tly the receiving device must begin reading at the proper point in the series In asynchronous communication this coordin ation is accomplished by having each character surrounded by one or more start and stop bits which designate the beginning and ending points of the information Also indicates the sending and receiving devices are not synchronized using a clock signal AWG AWG gauge is the accepte...

Page 195: ...t holds eight bits 0 or 1 of information BOOL8 uses less space than the 32 bit BOOLEAN data type boolean Name given a function the result of which is either true or false boolean data type Typically used for flags and to represent conditions or hardware that have only two states true or false such as flags and control ports burst Refers to a burst of measurements Analogous to a burst of light a bu...

Page 196: ... between Campbell Scientific data loggers and Campbell Scientific CDM peripheral devices It consists of a physical layer definition and a data protocol CDM devices are similar to Campbell Scientific SDM devices in concept but the use of the CPI bus enables higher data throughput rates and use of longer cables CDM devices require more power to operate in general than do SDM devices CF CompactFlash ...

Page 197: ... ally in CRBasic command line One line in a CRBasic program Maximum length even with the line continuation char acters space underscore _ is 512 characters A command line usually consists of one program statement but it may consist of multiple program statements separated by a colon CompactFlash CompactFlash CF is a memory card technology used in some Campbell Scientific card storage modules compi...

Page 198: ...ame and assigned a fixed number control I O C terminals configured for controlling or monitoring a device CoraScript CoraScript is a command line interpreter associated with LoggerNet datalogger support software CPU Central processing unit The brains of the datalogger cr Carriage return CRBasic Campbell Scientific s BASIC like programming language that supports analogue and digital measurements da...

Page 199: ...emoved from the neighbour list D DAC Digital to analogue conversion The process that translates digital voltage levels to analogue values data bits Number of bits used to describe the data and fit between the start and stop bit Sensors typically use 7 or 8 data bits data cache The data cache is a set of binary files kept on the hard disk of the computer running the datalogger support software A bi...

Page 200: ...or further pro cessing The transfer of processed summaries to final data memory takes place when the Trigger argument in the DataTable instruction is set to True data output processing memory SRAM memory automatically allocated for intermediate calculations performed by CRBasic data output processing instructions Data output processing memory cannot be monitored data point A data value which is se...

Page 201: ... hygroscopic material that absorbs water vapor from the surrounding air When placed in a sealed enclosure such as a datalogger enclosure it prevents condensation Device Configuration Utility Configuration tool used to set up dataloggers and peripherals and to configure PakBus settings before those devices are deployed in the field and or added to networks DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A...

Page 202: ...use with the datalogger it denotes the pin configuration gender and function of an RS 232 port The RS 232 port on the datalogger is DCE Attachment of a null modem cable to a DCE device effectively converts it to a DTE device duplex A serial communication protocol Serial communications can be simplex half duplex or full duplex duty cycle The percentage of available time a feature is in an active st...

Page 203: ...sually to a resistive bridge circuit execution interval The time interval between initiating each execution of a given Scan of a CRBasic pro gram If the Scan Interval is evenly divisible into 24 hours 86 400 seconds it is syn chronized with the 24 hour clock so that the program is executed at midnight and every Scan Interval thereafter The program is executed for the first time at the first occurr...

Page 204: ...output processing instructions that are included as part of the DataTable declaration File Control File Control is a feature of LoggerNet PC400 PC200W Device Configuration Utility and RTDAQ datalogger support software It provides a view of the datalogger file system and a menu of file management commands fill and stop memory A memory configuration for data tables forcing a data table to stop accep...

Page 205: ... adequate for most stored data FP2 provides three or four significant digits of resolution and requires half the memory as IEEE4 frequency domain Frequency domain describes data graphed on an X Y plot with frequency as the X axis VSPECT vibrating wire data is in the frequency domain frequency response FTP Sample rate is how often an instrument reports a result at its output frequency response is h...

Page 206: ...d in connection with subroutines differentiating global variables those declared using Public or Dim from local variables which are declared in the Sub and Function instructions ground Being or related to an electrical potential of 0 volts ground currents Pulling power from the datalogger wiring panel as is done when using some com munication devices from other manufacturers or a sensor that requi...

Page 207: ...a neighbour hertz SI unit of frequency Cycles or pulses per second HTML Hypertext Markup Language Programming language used for the creation of web pages HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol A TCP IP application protocol hysteresis The dependence of the state of the system on its history Hz SI unit of frequency Cycles or pulses per second I I2C Inter Integrated Circuit is a multi master multi slave pa...

Page 208: ...s Used to initiate measurements and store the results in input storage or to set or read con trol logic ports instruction Usually refers to a CRBasic command integer A number written without a fractional or decimal component 15 and 7956 are integers 1 5 and 79 56 are not intermediate memory SRAM memory automatically allocated for intermediate calculations performed by CRBasic data output processin...

Page 209: ...cause measurement errors Using opto couplers in a con necting device allows communication signals to pass but breaks alternate ground paths and may filter some electromagnetic noise Campbell Scientific offers optically isolated RS 232 to CS I O interfaces as an accessory for use on the CS I O port J JSON Java Script Object Notation A data file format available through the datalogger or Log gerNet ...

Page 210: ...e A variable available for use only by the subroutine in which it is declared The term dif ferentiates local variables which are declared in the Sub and Function instructions from global variables which are declared using Public or Dim LoggerLink Mobile applications that allow a mobile device to communicate with IP wi fi or Bluetooth enabled dataloggers LoggerNet Campbell Scientific s datalogger s...

Page 211: ...y initiated Initiated by the user usually with a Keyboard Display as opposed to occurring under pro gram control mass storage device A mass storage device may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device The term is commonly used to describe USB mass storage devices MD5 digest 16 byte checksum of the TCP IP VTP configuration micro SD A removable memory card technology used in CR6 and CR1000X...

Page 212: ...quals the remainder after a division MSB Most significant bit the leading bit multimeter An inexpensive and readily available device useful in troubleshooting data acquisition sys tem faults multiplier A term often a parameter in a CRBasic measurement instruction that designates the slope aka scaling factor or gain in a linear function For example when converting C to F the equation is F C 1 8 32 ...

Page 213: ...node Devices in a network usually a PakBus network The communications server dials through or communicates with a node Nodes are organized as a hierarchy with all nodes accessed by the same device parent node entered as child nodes A node can be both a parent and a child NSEC Eight byte data type divided up as four bytes of seconds since 1990 and four bytes of nanoseconds into the second null mode...

Page 214: ...r operating system The operating system also known as firmware is a set of instructions that controls the basic functions of the datalogger and enables the use of user written CRBasic programs The operating system is preloaded into the datalogger at the factory but can be re loaded or upgraded by you using Device Configuration Utility software The most recent datalogger operating system obj file i...

Page 215: ...e transfer of processed summaries to final data memory takes place when the Trigger argument in the DataTable instruction is set to True output processing memory SRAM memory automatically allocated for intermediate calculations performed by CRBasic data output processing instructions Data output processing memory cannot be monitored P PakBus A proprietary communication protocol developed by Campbe...

Page 216: ... options such as phone to RF PakBus routing or scheduled data collection period average A measurement technique using a high frequency digital clock to measure time dif ferences between signal transitions Sensors commonly measured with period average include water content reflectometers peripheral Any device designed for use with the datalogger A peripheral requires the datalogger to operate Perip...

Page 217: ...e Printers dumb terminals and computers in a terminal mode fall in this category print peripheral Any device capable of receiving output over pin 6 the PE line in a receive only mode Printers dumb terminals and computers in a terminal mode fall in this category processing instructions CRBasic instructions used to further process input data values and return the result to a variable where it can be...

Page 218: ...ort plateau and a rapid voltage decrease R ratiometric Describes a type of measurement or a type of math Ratiometric usually refers to an aspect of resistive bridge measurements either the measurement or the math used to process it Measuring ratios and using ratio math eliminates several sources of error from the end result record A record is a complete line of data in a data table or data file Al...

Page 219: ...lution The smallest interval measurable ring line Ring line is pulled high by an external device to notify the datalogger to commence RS 232 communications Ring line is pin 3 of a DCE RS 232 port ring memory A memory configuration that allows the oldest data to be overwritten with the newest data This is the default setting for data tables ringing Oscillation of sensor output voltage or current th...

Page 220: ...d forward packets that are destined for known devices Routers pass their lists of known neighbours to other routers to build the network routing system RS 232 Recommended Standard 232 A loose standard defining how two computing devices can communicate with each other The implementation of RS 232 in Campbell Scientific data loggers to computer communications is quite rigid but transparent to most u...

Page 221: ...erature is more likely to have a high frequency response SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition scan interval The time interval between initiating each execution of a given Scan of a CRBasic pro gram If the Scan Interval is evenly divisible into 24 hours 86 400 seconds it is syn chronized with the 24 hour clock so that the program is executed at midnight and every Scan Interval thereafter ...

Page 222: ...en the main scan executes it locks the resources associated with measurements In other words it acquires the measurement semaphore This is at the scan level so all subscans within the scan whether they make measurements or not will lock out measurements from slow sequences including the auto self calibration Locking measurement resources at the scan level gives non inter rupted measurement executi...

Page 223: ...ed using an algorithm that assures a 99 998 probability that if either the data or the data sequence changes the signature changes simplex A serial communication protocol One direction data only Serial communications between a serial sensor and the datalogger may be simplex single ended Denotes a sensor or measurement terminal wherein the analogue voltage signal is carried on a single wire and mea...

Page 224: ...face a clocked synchronous interface used for short distance com munications generally between embedded devices SRAM Static Random Access Memory start bit The bit used to indicate the beginning of data state Whether a device is on or off Station Status command A command available in most datalogger support software stop bit The end of the data bits The stop bit can be 1 1 5 or 2 Appendix A Glossar...

Page 225: ...ation this coordin ation is accomplished by synchronizing the transmitting and receiving devices to a com mon clock signal see also asynchronous system time When time functions are run outside the Scan NextScan construct the time registered by the instruction will be based on the system clock which has a 10 ms resolution T table See data table task Grouping of CRBasic program instructions automati...

Page 226: ...loaded clamps terminal emulator A command line shell that facilitates the issuance of low level commands to a datalogger or some other compatible device A terminal emulator is available in most datalogger sup port software available from Campbell Scientific thermistor A thermistor is a temperature measurement device with a resistive element that changes in resistance with temperature The change is...

Page 227: ...power state TTL Transistor to Transistor Logic A serial protocol using 0 Vdc and 5 Vdc as logic signal levels Tx Transmit U UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter for asynchronous serial communications UINT2 Data type used for efficient storage of totalized pulse counts port status status of 16 ports stored in one variable for example or integer values that store binary flags uncondition...

Page 228: ... in Short Cut program wizard USR drive A portion of memory dedicated to the storage of image or other files V Vac Volts alternating current variable A packet of SRAM given an alphanumeric name Variables reside in variable memory Vdc Volts direct current VisualWeather Datalogger support software specialized for weather and agricultural applications The software allows you to initialize the setup in...

Page 229: ...ers and pro gram related counters when the CRBasic program is running The following will cause watchdog timer resets which reset the processor and CRBasic program execution pro cessor bombed processor neglecting standard system updates counters are outside the limits voltage surges and voltage transients When a reset occurs a counter is incre mented in the WatchdogTimer entry of the Status table A...

Page 230: ... API Application Programming Interface wild card A character or expression that substitutes for any other character or expression X XML Extensible markup language Τ τ Time constant Appendix A Glossary 213 ...

Page 231: ...6 programmable logic control 14 calibrating 99 100 122 clock 116 collecting data 29 communication options 13 16 82 Ethernet 19 20 internet 173 RS 232 17 SDI 12 94 96 97 SDM 13 USB 17 communication ports 12 14 CS I O 13 serial 82 communication protocols 81 125 DNP3 92 Modbus 82 PakBus 93 TCP IP 91 compliance 174 configuring communications 16 17 Ethernet 19 20 USB 17 CPI port 14 CPU drive 41 CRBasic...

Page 232: ...4 differential measurements 46 48 digital I O 10 DNP3 92 drives formatting 118 E earth ground 10 edge counting 75 edge timing 75 electronic noise 51 electrostatic discharges 107 enclosures 104 endian 87 Ethernet 19 20 173 virtual over USB 18 Ethernet LEDs 20 EU Declarations of Conformity 174 extra response time 18 21 F field calibration 122 field name 34 fieldname 34 file names 123 file systems 12...

Page 233: ... 105 little endian 87 low level ac measurements 73 170 LVTTL 13 M maintenance 99 max time online 18 21 measurements 0 20mA 61 4 20mA 61 current loop 61 differential 46 48 high frequency signal 73 high frequency 170 low level ac 73 170 period averaging 70 pulse 71 73 75 77 170 quadrature 76 resistance 63 68 69 single ended 46 48 strain 66 switch closure 170 thermocouple 69 vibrating wire 78 voltage...

Page 234: ...unication 12 13 CPI 14 CS I O 13 Ethernet 19 173 RS 232 14 17 USB 17 power 9 125 163 164 166 12V 9 5V 9 budgeting 108 ground 10 I O 8 inputs 8 noise 51 output 9 supplies 8 108 120 USB 8 powerup ini 43 powerupini 43 process names 33 programmable logic control 14 programmed mode 94 96 programs creating 24 errors 117 running on power up 43 sending 26 sending without computer 43 protection 104 Public ...

Page 235: ... 22 sending OS 109 sending programs 26 sensors 3 serial 13 wiring diagram 24 sequential mode 78 serial communications 82 serial flash 39 serial peripheral interface 93 SetSettings 124 settings 124 settling errors 54 settling time 54 Short Cut 24 signal ground 10 signal settling 54 signatures 125 single ended measurments 46 48 sink limits 9 skipped records 113 skpped scans 113 SlowSequence 80 sourc...

Page 236: ...sting communication 22 thermocouple measurements 69 time keeping 116 skew 117 stamps 116 117 TOA5 33 transparent mode 94 troubleshooting 112 TTL 13 U updating OS 109 USB 8 12 17 163 Ethernet 18 USR drive 40 V variable out of bounds 113 vibrating wire measurements 78 View Pro 30 voltage measurements 46 improving 48 VSPECT 78 VX terminals 8 165 programmable logic control 15 W watchdog error 113 web ...

Page 237: ...wiring panel 5 Appendix B Index 220 ...

Page 238: ... 0 1 56 45 15 20 Email info campbellsci fr Website www campbellsci fr Germany Location Bremen Germany Phone 49 0 421 460974 0 Email info campbellsci de Website www campbellsci de South Africa Location Stellenbosch South Africa Phone 27 21 8809960 Email sales campbellsci co za Website www campbellsci co za Southeast Asia Location Bangkok Thailand Phone 66 2 719 3399 Email thitipongc campbellsci asi...

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