Arcteq AQ-T257 Instruction Manual Download Page 143

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Trips

Times the TOLT function has tripped

Trips Blocked

Times the TOLT function trips has been blocked

Events and registers

The TOLT function generates events and registers from the status changes of the Trip activated and

blocked signals. To main event buffer is possible to select status “On” or “Off” messages.

In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function (Trip activated or

blocked) is recorded with time stamp and process data values.

Table. 5.4.17. - 150. Event codes of TOLT function.

Event Number

Event channel

Event block name

Event Code

Description

4672

TOLT1

Alarm1 On

4673

TOLT1

Alarm1 Off

4674

TOLT1

Alarm2 On

4675

TOLT1

Alarm2 Off

4676

TOLT1

Inhibit On

4677

TOLT1

Inhibit Off

4678

TOLT1

Trip On

4679

TOLT1

Trip Off

4680

TOLT1

Block On

4681

TOLT1

Block Off

In the register of the TOLT function is recorded activated, blocked etc. “On” event process data. In the

table below is presented the structure of TOLT function register content. This information is available in

12 last recorded events for all provided instances separately.

Table. 5.4.17. - 151. Register content

Date & Time

Event code

Time to reach 100%

theta

Ref. T current

Active meas

current

T at the

moment

dd.mm.yyyy

hh:mm:ss.mss

4672- 4681 Descr.

seconds

xIn

Max temp rise allowed

Temp rise at the

moment

Hot Spot estimate

Hot spot max

all.

Trip delay rem

Used SG

deg

1 - 8

5.4.18. Transformer differential Idb> Idi> I0dhv> I0dLv> (87T,87N)

Transformer differential function (DIF) is used for power transformer protection for two winding

transformers and in some extent for three winding and two winding transformers with double outputs

with summing application.

Power transformers are seen in the electric power generation, transmission, distribution and also

applications network in wide range considering of the power, voltage levels and usage purposes. Most

common use for transformer is as the name implies transform alternating voltage from one voltage level

to another. Common for all transformers is that they are crucial and one most important single

component in the network, because in many cases its failure will be seen in wide area. While

transformers do not have many moving parts (except tap changers), their electric and mechanical

properties are far from being simple.

AQ-T257

Instruction manual

Version: 2.00

142

Summary of Contents for AQ-T257

Page 1: ...AQ T257 Transformer protection IED Instruction manual...

Page 2: ...Restricted earth fault cable end differential REF I0D 87N 5 4 9 Overvoltage U 59 5 4 10 Undervoltage U 27 5 4 11 Neutral voltage U0 59N 5 4 12 Sequence voltage U1 U2 59P 27P 47 5 4 13 Over and underfr...

Page 3: ...Serial RS232 communication module option 8 10 LC100 Ethernet communication module option 8 11 mAout mAinput module option 8 12 Installation dimensioning 9 Technical data 9 1 Hardware 9 1 1 Measuremen...

Page 4: ...or alarm 49RTD T 9 2 1 18 Transformer monitoring function TRF 9 2 1 19 Transformer differential 87T 87R Idb Idi HV Iod LV Iod 9 2 1 20 Arc protection 50ARC 50NARC IARC I0ARC option 9 2 2 Control funct...

Page 5: ...xtend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the...

Page 7: ...sion 1 00 Date 13 4 2016 Changes The rst revision for AQ T256 T257 and T259 IEDs Revision 1 01 Date 10 2 2017 Changes Order code updated Added programmable stage description Revision 1 02 Date 9 1 201...

Page 8: ...rdware IED Intelligent electronic device IO Input output LED Light emitting diode LV Low voltage MV Medium voltage NC Normally closed NO Normally open RMS Root mean square SF System failure TMS Time m...

Page 9: ...pt The hardware modules are assembled and con gured according to the application IO requirements and the software determines the available functions This manual describes the speci c applications of t...

Page 10: ...ure 4 default LEDs for free con guration Power Error Start and Trip 16 freely con gurable LEDs with programmable legend texts 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with Ctrl button c...

Page 11: ...g return key while the lock is selected If you need to change the password you can select the key icon again and give a new password Please note that in order to do this the user level must be unlocke...

Page 12: ...C4 Ih Ih Ih Ih 50h 51h 68h Detection and blocking or tripping from selectable 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17th 19th harmonic Phase currents and residual currents separate stages 4 stages CB...

Page 13: ...Description CTS Current transformer supervision VTS 60 Fuse failure DR Disturbance recorder MR Measurement recorder CBW Circuit breaker wear monitor THD Total harmonic distortion VREC Measurement valu...

Page 14: ...alculates scaling factors based onto the set CT primary secondary and nominal current values Relay measures secondary current which in this case mean the current output from the current transformer wh...

Page 15: ...re current transformers the ratings may be different Ring core current transformers are commonly used for sensitive earth fault protection and their rated secondary may be as low as 0 2 A in some case...

Page 16: ...hat P1 S1 side of the CTs are always wired to the odd inputs of the relay CT module the Differential calculation mode under the Protection TrafoModule Idx 87T 87N Settings has to be set as Subtract Du...

Page 17: ...aracteristics menu which is located under the protection main menu CT module 1 and 2 ratio can be set directly under the same menu or optionally under Measurement Transformers menu Per unit PU scaling...

Page 18: ...hould be set to phase current CT ratings 100 5A Figure 5 2 1 6 Residual current I01 scaling to summing connection For the sensitive residual current I02 measurement the CT primary and secondary curren...

Page 19: ...culation mode under the Protection TrafoModule Idx 87T 87N Settings has to be set as Add The difference to the rst application is that here the CTs are pointing towards the protected object instead of...

Page 20: ...unit value with Phase CT secondary side current it is possible to get the nominal secondary current of transformer as Amperes This current can be used when the unit is commissioned and the directions...

Page 21: ...ry IED feedback value scaling factor from p u value to secondary current Table 5 2 1 7 Settings of the residual I01 CT scaling Name Range Step Default Description I01 CT primary 1 5000 0A 0 1A 100 0A...

Page 22: ...urrent inputs Table 5 2 1 13 Per unit residual current measurements Name Range Step Description Residual current I01 0 00 1250 0xIn 0 01xIn Per unit measurement from residual current channel I01 funda...

Page 23: ...360 00deg 0 01deg Residual current angle measurement of the I01 current input Residual current angle I02 0 00 360 00deg 0 01deg Residual current angle measurement of the I02 current input Calculated...

Page 24: ...harmonics per component for current input IL2 IL3 Harmonics IL3 fund IL3 31harm 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for current input IL3 I01 Harmonics I01 fun...

Page 25: ...nce the scaling settings are flexible in large ranges VT scaling example The connection of VTs to the IED measurement inputs and the ratings of the voltage transformers are as in following gure In gur...

Page 26: ...ling factor P S tells the VT primary to secondary ratio Per unit scaling factors to primary and secondary values are also shown Triggering of voltage protection stage can be based on single dual or al...

Page 27: ...de 2 voltage measurement Synchro check In case 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected the third channel U3 can be used to similar purpose Be noticed that U0 can be measured only by using one channel Figure 5 2 2...

Page 28: ...voltage which has same ratio 20000 100 V Troubleshooting It is possible that for some reason the measured voltages may not be as expected For these cases following checks may be helpful Problem Check...

Page 29: ...4 mode U0 or SS 0 NotUsed 1 U0 2 SS 0 NotUsed Voltage channel U3 can be used to measure zero sequence voltage U0 or Synchro check voltage SS In case these are not needed the default setting NotUsed sh...

Page 30: ...el U3 Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U3 scaling factor p u Pri IED voltage channel U3 feedback value scaling factor from p u value to primary voltage Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U3 scaling factor p u S...

Page 31: ...seq Volt sec 0 00 4800 0V 0 01V Secondary measurement from calculated zero sequence voltage U0 Calc sec 0 00 4800 0V 0 01V Secondary measurement from calculated residual voltage Table 5 2 2 30 Sequen...

Page 32: ...ry measured Synchro check SS angle Table 5 2 2 33 Harmonic voltage measurements Name Range Step Description U1 Harmonics U1 fund U1 31harm 0 00 100000 0V 0 01V Selectable per unit primary and secondar...

Page 33: ...three phase active power P calculation Where phi is the angle difference between voltage and current Below is presented formula for three phase reactive power Q calculation Active power direction can...

Page 34: ...oubleshooting Check troubleshooting section in chapters Current measurement and scaling and Voltage measurement and scaling Faulty power and energy measurement is normally related to same issues wirin...

Page 35: ...calculator Goes back to state automatically after reset Table 5 2 3 35 Energy Dose Counter 1 settings Name Range Step Default Description Energy dose counter mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Ena...

Page 36: ...hase L1 reactive power direction L1 PF 1x106 1x106 0 0001 Phase L1 power factor Table 5 2 3 39 Phase L2 power calculation Name Range Step Description L2 Apparent power S 1x106 1x106 kVA 0 01kVA Phase...

Page 37: ...p Imp React Ind E bal MVarh 999999995904 000 999999995904 000kVarh MVarh 0 01 kVarh MVarh Sum of imported and exported reactive inductive energy Table 5 2 3 42 Phase L1 energy calculation Name Range S...

Page 38: ...Wh MWh Phase L3 exported active energy L3 Imp Active Energy Mwh 1x106 1x106 MWh 0 01 kWh MWh Phase L3 imported active energy L3 Exp Imp Act E balance Mwh 1x106 1x106 MWh 0 01 kWh MWh Sum of imported a...

Page 39: ...71 3PH P 17 32 L1 Q 2 89 L2 Q 3 94 L3 Q 1 06 3PH Q 0 01 L1 Tan 1 00 L2 Tan 0 83 L3 Tan 0 11 3PH Tan 0 00 L1 Cos 0 71 L2 Cos 0 77 L3 Cos 0 99 3PH Cos 0 87 Voltages Line to line Currents VA 100 00V 30...

Page 40: ...6 Hz to 75 Hz Measurement error with frequency tracking when frequency changes Constant current of 5A frequency sweep from 6 Hz to 75 Hz As can be seen in the gure above the sampling frequency has ma...

Page 41: ...e measured currents may not be as expected For these cases following checks may be helpful Problem Check Resolution Measured current or voltage amplitude is too low compared to what it should be Value...

Page 42: ...ng mode is active and start behavior is Use nom or tracked Tracked F CHA 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel A tracked frequency rough value Tracked F CHB 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel B tra...

Page 43: ...tant and time delayed overcurrent short circuit protection for various applications including feeder lter and machine applications of utilities and industry The number of available instances of the fu...

Page 44: ...k measurement from samples and by user selection the monitored magnitude can be either fundamental frequency RMS values True RMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components or peak to peak...

Page 45: ...es and single dual or all phases Im exceed of the Iset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 1 51 Pick up characteristics setting Name Description Range Step Default Iset Pick u...

Page 46: ...ter General properties of a protection function Events and registers The NOC function generates events and registers from the status changes of start trip and blocked To main event buffer is possible...

Page 47: ...Trip Off 1408 22 NOC3 0 Start ON 1409 22 NOC3 1 Start OFF 1410 22 NOC3 2 Trip ON 1411 22 NOC3 3 Trip OFF 1412 22 NOC3 4 Block ON 1413 22 NOC3 5 Block OFF 1414 22 NOC3 6 Phase A Start On 1415 22 NOC3...

Page 48: ...sures constantly selected neutral current magnitudes which on the operating decisions are based Available analog measuremen channels are Io1 and Io2 residual current measurement channels and IoCalc wh...

Page 49: ...omponents or peak to peak values 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 4 2 55 Analogic magnitudes used by the NEF function Signal Description Tim...

Page 50: ...ion is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked i...

Page 51: ...ion offers four independent instances which events are segregated for each instance operation 12 last registers are available in the function where the triggering event of the function start trip or b...

Page 52: ...input in the setup phase of the function Directional overcurrent function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on...

Page 53: ...lt voltage memory is used for 0 5 seconds When 0 5 exceeds the reference angle of voltage is forced to 0 Table 5 4 3 61 Analogic magnitudes used by the DOC function Signal Description Time base IL1PP...

Page 54: ...n positive sequence current and the pick up value Pick up characteristics Pick up of the DOC function is controlled by Iset setting parameter which de nes the maximum allowed measured current before a...

Page 55: ...ituation voltage reference comes from the healthy phase and current reference from faulty phase In short circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation Function blocking In the blocking element th...

Page 56: ...s refer to chapter General properties of a protection function Events and registers The DOC function generates events and registers from the status changes of start trip and blocked To main event buff...

Page 57: ...78 DOC4 2 Trip ON 4995 78 DOC4 3 Trip OFF 4996 78 DOC4 4 Block ON 4997 78 DOC4 5 Block OFF 4998 78 DOC4 6 No voltage Blocking On 4999 78 DOC4 7 Voltage measurable Blocking Off 5000 78 DOC4 8 Measurin...

Page 58: ...which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Directional earth fault function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source T...

Page 59: ...ual current measurement input I01 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5 ms I01TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I0...

Page 60: ...meter which de nes the maximum allowed measured voltage and checks the angle difference before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between Iset Uset and measured magn...

Page 61: ...urces of capacitive currents are the outgoing feeders The bigger the network the greater the capacitive current during fault is Each outgoing feeder produces capacitance according the zero sequence ca...

Page 62: ...ompensated Network is over compensated when k factor is greater than one and under compensated if the factor is smaller than one Inductance connected to the star point of incoming transformer or like...

Page 63: ...orithms may sporadically detect an earth fault in a long healthy feeder due to CT errors For all these reasons Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault...

Page 64: ...escription U0 Pick up setting V Required residual voltage on the primary side for the relay to trip Detected U0I0 angle Deg The angle in degrees between the monitored residual voltage and current I0 M...

Page 65: ...tartup current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated Us...

Page 66: ...F3 7 I0Cos Start Off 5320 83 DEF3 8 I0Sin Start On 5321 83 DEF3 9 I0Sin Start Off 5376 84 DEF4 0 Start ON 5377 84 DEF4 1 Start OFF 5378 84 DEF4 2 Trip ON 5379 84 DEF4 3 Trip OFF 5380 84 DEF4 4 Block O...

Page 67: ...and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inpu...

Page 68: ...rent angle 5 ms IZ ANG Zero sequence current angle 5 ms IL1RMS Phase L1 A measured RMS current 5 ms IL2RMS Phase L2 B measured RMS current 5 ms IL3RMS Phase L3 C measured RMS current 5 ms Selection of...

Page 69: ...s are processed as in case of when pick up signal is reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and f...

Page 70: ...le when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Delay curve series for IDMT operation following either IEC or IEEE Ansi standard de ned characteristics Non standard characteristics include delay curves outside...

Page 71: ...perating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after set release time if pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operati...

Page 72: ...8 2245 Descr Unbalance Start average current Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages I1 I2 IZ mag and ang 0ms 1800s 1 8 5 4 6 Harmonic overcurrent Ih 50H 51H 68H Harmonic overcurrent function HOC is u...

Page 73: ...ser logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three o...

Page 74: ...percentage of fundamental monitoring is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations pre fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms of Start or...

Page 75: ...active when pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal will be generated and the function shall not process the situation further If START function has been activated before blocking signal it will r...

Page 76: ...start trip or blocked On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of HOC function register content This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided in...

Page 77: ...Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and binary input and output signals Function output signals can be used for direct IO controlling and...

Page 78: ...led by ISet and I0set setting parameters which de nes the minimum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio in between of the setting values...

Page 79: ...the startup current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is ac...

Page 80: ...l of the breaker from the trip output of the IED Retrip is wired in parallel from its own output contact in the IED to the second tripping coil of the circuit breaker CBFP signal to upstream is wired...

Page 81: ...mary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit rst is issued retrip and if the current is not decreased in time also CBFP will...

Page 82: ...tantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset rst is issued retrip and if the current is not dec...

Page 83: ...decreased under the setting limit or the trip signal from primary stage is not reset In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the...

Page 84: ...the circuit breaker trip coil is controlled with the IED trip output and CBFP is controlled with one dedicated CBFP contact In following are few operational cases presented regarding to the different...

Page 85: ...g time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the pri...

Page 86: ...protection stage is constantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset CBFP will be issued to ups...

Page 87: ...t In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the conditions is active also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary pro...

Page 88: ...signal is used for CBFP purpose only In this application the retrip and also CBFP to upstream are also available for different types of requirements Retrip signal can be used for the section incomer...

Page 89: ...le faults CBFP protection Events and registers The CBFP function generates events and registers from the status changes of Retrip CBFP activated and blocked signals as well as from the internal pick u...

Page 90: ...CED mode the function provides natural measurement unbalance compensation to have higher operating sensitivity for monitoring cable end faults REF function constantly monitors phase currents and sele...

Page 91: ...s IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I01 5 ms I02RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I02 5 ms IL1Ang Funda...

Page 92: ...currents can be set to match the application Default setting is Add which means that I0calc I01 or I02 in through fault yields 0 of differential current Bias current calc 0 3Io IoCalc 2 1 max 3Io I0c...

Page 93: ...Characteristics settings are calculated as follows Function blocking In the blocking element the blocking signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the...

Page 94: ...ariables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time typical applications for t...

Page 95: ...aults For this purpose restricted earth fault function is stabile since it monitors only the side it is wired to and compares the calculated and measured residual currents In case of outside earth fau...

Page 96: ...Event Code Description 4224 66 REF1 0 REF Trip On 4225 66 REF1 1 REF Trip Off 4226 66 REF1 2 REF Block On 4227 66 REF1 3 REF Block Off In the register of the REF function is recorded activated blocked...

Page 97: ...on can be selected for de nite time or IDMT The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing input magnitude selection threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics an...

Page 98: ...e 5 4 9 99 Measured magnitude selection setting Name Description Range Step Default Measured magnitude Selection of P P or P E voltages Additionally U3 or U4 input can be assigned as the voltage chann...

Page 99: ...llows only the voltage in channel 3 if 2LL U3 U4 mode is in use Pick up characteristics Pick up of the OV function is controlled by Uset setting parameter which de nes the maximum allowed measured vol...

Page 100: ...OCKED signal will be generated and the function shall not process the situation further If START function has been activated before blocking signal it will reset and the release time characteristics a...

Page 101: ...ase Time delay 0 000 150 000s 0 005s 0 06s Resetting time Time allowed in between of pick ups if the pick up has not lead into trip operation During this time the start signal is held on for the timer...

Page 102: ...FF 5506 86 OV2 2 Trip ON 5507 86 OV2 3 Trip OFF 5508 86 OV2 4 Block ON 5509 86 OV2 5 Block OFF 5568 87 OV3 0 Start ON 5569 87 OV3 1 Start OFF 5570 87 OV3 2 Trip ON 5571 87 OV3 3 Trip OFF 5572 87 OV3 4...

Page 103: ...on can operate on instant or time delayed mode In time delayed mode the operation can be selected for de nite time or IDMT The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing input magnitude...

Page 104: ...4 10 106 Measured magnitude selection setting Name Description Range Step Default Measured magnitude Selection of P P or P E voltages Additionally U3 or U4 input can be assigned as the voltage channe...

Page 105: ...nnel 3 if 2LL U3 U4 mode is in use Pick up characteristics Pick up of the UV function is controlled by Uset setting parameter which de nes the minimum allowed measured voltage before action from the f...

Page 106: ...zero blocking is not in use Real time info displayed by the function The relays Info page displays useful information in real time of the state of the protection function either through relays HMI di...

Page 107: ...g to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for trip signal and also for the release of the function in case the p...

Page 108: ...pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element reset Continue time calculation during release time No Yes No Ti...

Page 109: ...2 last recorded events for all provided instances separately Table 5 4 10 111 Register content Date Time Event code Fault type Pretrig voltage Fault voltage Prefault voltage Trip time remaining Used S...

Page 110: ...omponent RMS and TRMS values including harmonics up to 31st Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Outputs of the fu...

Page 111: ...easured input values Function block uses the analog voltage measurement values Function block utilizes fundamental frequency RMS values 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fa...

Page 112: ...k up setting 1 00 99 00 Un 0 01 20 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not activ...

Page 113: ...e when Delay Type is selected to DT When set to 0 000 s the stage operates as instant PIOC 50 stage without added delay When the parameter is set to 0 005 1800 s the stage operates as independent dela...

Page 114: ...lues Table 5 4 11 117 Event codes of the NOV function instance 1 4 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 5952 93 NOV1 0 Start ON 5953 93 NOV1 1 Start OFF 5954 93 NOV1 2 Tr...

Page 115: ...nction Function constantly measures fundamental frequency components of phase to earth voltage magnitudes or line to line and neutral voltage magnitudes to calculate the positive or negative sequence...

Page 116: ...tion Below is presented the formula for symmetric component calculation and therefore to NSV calculation See negative sequence calculation examples below Figure 5 4 12 60 Negative sequence component v...

Page 117: ...hich can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON OFF e...

Page 118: ...in the function and is always related to the Uset value When Uc exceed decrease above below the Uset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 12 121 Pick up characteristics settin...

Page 119: ...up Umeas Uset at the moment Um Uset Ratio between measured voltage and the pick up value Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Bl...

Page 120: ...ur independent instances which events are segregated for each instance operation In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function start trip or blocked is reco...

Page 121: ...used as an indicator of accidental island operation of distributed generation and some consumers since it is unlikely that the consumed and generated power are the same Over frequency is also often us...

Page 122: ...er 5 ms VT2 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of second voltage transformer 5 ms Pick up characteristics and time delay Pick up of each stage of FRQV functions stage is controlled by fset fset etc setting paramet...

Page 123: ...s reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested a...

Page 124: ...5 99 FRQV1 29 f Start OFF 6366 99 FRQV1 30 f Trip ON 6367 99 FRQV1 31 f Trip OFF 6368 99 FRQV1 32 f Block ON 6369 99 FRQV1 33 f Block OFF 6370 99 FRQV1 34 f Block ON 6371 99 FRQV1 35 f Block OFF 6372...

Page 125: ...econnected to the network which can cause damage to the generator and the network Figure 5 4 14 64 Operation of df dt function when the frequency starts but doesn t trip In the gure above is presented...

Page 126: ...Rate of change of frequency protection function compares measured df dt to pick up setting given in Hz s Source of measured frequency depends on the factory de ned tracking reference which can be che...

Page 127: ...set From blocking of the function an HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also...

Page 128: ...1 103 DFT1 29 df dt 8 Start OFF 6622 103 DFT1 30 df dt 8 Trip ON 6623 103 DFT1 31 df dt 8 Trip OFF 6624 103 DFT1 32 df dt 1 Block ON 6625 103 DFT1 33 df dt 1 Block OFF 6626 103 DFT1 34 df dt 2 Block O...

Page 129: ...rate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing threshold compara...

Page 130: ...Related to user set nominal power 500 000 500 000 0 005 0 The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking c...

Page 131: ...4 15 136 Register content Date Time Event code Trigger power Fault power Prefault power Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 6400 6405 Descr Start average power Trip 20 ms averages Sta...

Page 132: ...utputs activation No load signal is activated when the current is under No load current limit 0 2 xIn for more than 10 ms time If the current increases from this situation to Heavy overloading limit 1...

Page 133: ...req 10 75Hz 1Hz 50Hz Info Transformer nominal frequency Used for calculation of transformer nominal short circuit inductance Transf Vect group 0 Manual 1 Yy0 2 Yyn0 3 YNy0 4 YNyn0 5 Yy6 6 Yyn6 7 YNy6...

Page 134: ...alculated transformer HV side primary current HV side nominal current sec 0 01 250 00A 0 01A 0 00A Info Calculated transformer HV side secondary current HV CT nom to TR nom factor 0 01 250 00p u 0 01p...

Page 135: ...vents also data register is available Table 5 4 16 140 Event codes of the TRF function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 4608 72 TRF1 0 Light No load On 4609 72 TRF1 1...

Page 136: ...imum of the three TRMS phase currents IN Current for the 100 thermal capacity to be used pick up current in p u with this current tmax will be achieved in time t x 5 kSF Loading factor service factor...

Page 137: ...eather conditions considering the prevailing conditions in the thermal replica are compensated with ambient temperature coef cient which is constantly calculated and changing when using RTD sensor for...

Page 138: ...t kmin Ambient temperature correction factor for the minimum temperature tref Ambient temperature reference can be set in C or F the temperature in which the given manufacturer presumptions apply and...

Page 139: ...vents to the common event buffer from each of the two output signal Time stamp resolution is 1ms Function provides also cumulative counters for TOLT Trip Alarm 1 Alarm 2 Inhibit and BLOCKED events In...

Page 140: ...t 1 RTD 0 Manual set Selection whether xed or measured ambient temperature should be used for the thermal image biasing Man Amb Temp Set 0 500deg 1deg 15deg Manual xed ambient temperature setting for...

Page 141: ...0 Disabled Enabling Disabling of the Alarm 1 signal and IO TT Alarm 1 level 0 0 150 0 0 1 40 Alarm 1 activation threshold Default setting is 40 Enable TT Alarm 2 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enabli...

Page 142: ...escription values Currents 0 Primary A 1 Secondary A 2 Per unit Active phase current measurement from IL1 A IL2 B and IL3 C phases in given scalings Thermal Image 0 Thermal image calc TT Trip expect m...

Page 143: ...vided instances separately Table 5 4 17 151 Register content Date Time Event code Time to reach 100 theta Ref T current Active meas current T at the moment dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 4672 4681 Descr seco...

Page 144: ...y overload protection with winding temperature monitors If transformer is oil insulated then oil level monitor should be applied 2MVA 100 MVA Distribution generation sub transmission 130 kV Overload o...

Page 145: ...of protection Also differential protection is very sensitive and internally scaled to the loading fault current flowing through the transformer When considering interturn faults in the transformer wi...

Page 146: ...hich means that the HV side is connected to star and LV side to delta so that the LV side has 30 degree lag to HV side Also the HV side nominal voltage is 10 kV and LV side nominal voltage is 1kV Tran...

Page 147: ...litude scaling to match the nominal currents and CTs in the differential relay Nominal current matching is only part of the differential protection settings Also the vector group of the transformer is...

Page 148: ...eed for interposing transformers If the transformer vector group is not standard it should still be settable within the relay in case of zigzag transformers In this case in differential relay the diff...

Page 149: ...igure 5 4 18 76 Expected phase shifts from HV side to LV side in symmetrical situation Now the direction of the CTs starpoint on the HV side and LV side has effect on how to set the differential calcu...

Page 150: ...e CTs connections Figure 5 4 18 77 If current transformer starpoints are pointing towards each other or away from each other Add differential calculation mode is used AQ T257 Instruction manual Versio...

Page 151: ...tics also so called Bias calculation is made per each phase to adjust the sensitivity of the differential stage up to the measured currents For the bias calculation also two separate formulas are avai...

Page 152: ...ansformer application rst needs to be known what these parts of the characteristics mean First part is the Diffbias TP1 Id pick up the rst straight line which represents the transformer normal operati...

Page 153: ...ns 10 of measurement error CTEsec In this example case secondary side CT s are class 5P which means 5 of measurement error REm Relay measurement error is below 0 5 and with optional accuracy below 0 2...

Page 154: ...differential current in the relay Normally tap changer positions are presented as deviation steps of secondary voltage per step into and direction from the center which gives nominal output voltage AU...

Page 155: ...he maximum inaccuracy of the HV and LV side CT is suf cient enough Let s call the measurement uncertainty as IMEASUNC Now when looking at how to ll the formula it is needed to sum in the absolute maxi...

Page 156: ...o account in the rst slope directly This can lead to optimal sensitivity and stabile settings for differential relay even there is no non biased sensitive section in the characteristics In this case t...

Page 157: ...ase caused by tap changer effect into the differential relay measured currents Now there is two possible ways to use biasing calculation and in practice one way to calculate differential current even...

Page 158: ...side and the differential current is directly the fault feeding end current following can be noted for the Slope 2 setting If in case of using Average mode for biasing in case of single end fault the...

Page 159: ...e even the accuracy limit factor for both CTs is 10 times nominal 5 10P10 this last 10 tells that the CT output is in its given measurement class 5 and 10 when the current is 10 times nominal This how...

Page 160: ...ductor resistivity in other temperatures use following formula These values in this table present the resistivity in the given temperature 20 C For calculation of the conductor resistivity in other te...

Page 161: ...current overload as a factor of nominal rated value which can still be said that the CT output will be in its rated accuracy 5 5P or 10 10P gives the accuracy limiting factor applicable at that overlo...

Page 162: ...t ltered for fundamental component which is used for differential calculation the found differential current shall be 50 of the maximum peak current typically If the setting should be according to the...

Page 163: ...ns based into Average and Maximum restraint calculation modes Figures A B with average mode and C D max mode Basically in between these presented restraint calculation modes the characteristics are no...

Page 164: ...d any low impedance earthfault outside of the differential zone shall cause differential current measured and possible tripping of the differential protection For this purpose the calculated zero sequ...

Page 165: ...selecting the N or n in the transformer vector group simultaneously the sensitivity to single phase one end fault will decrease by 1 3 For this reason restricted earth fault protection should be enab...

Page 166: ...d earth fault protection are available Operation characteristics of REF HV and REF LV are similar than Idb function presented percentage characteristics even though both sides are independent and free...

Page 167: ...these different situations can be divided the cases so that in energisation situation even harmonics are generated which of the 2nd harmonic is the most commonly used in the inrush blocking and in ov...

Page 168: ...alled magnetizing inrush current in transformer Inrush current in transformer may be up to 10 times higher than nominal rated current of transformer Energizing characteristics of transformer are relat...

Page 169: ...chapter the calculated FFT value is about 50 of the peak value third graph presents the 2nd harmonic absolute values in amperes fourth graph presents the fundamental 50 Hz FFT calculated currents in a...

Page 170: ...lations magnitudes are roughly as follows When remembering that in this example the transformer HV primary side nominal current was 115 5A it yields to following In the set characteristics the differe...

Page 171: ...hall release per each phase separately For this transformer the harmonic blocking limit could have been set to 30 and the energizing would have been successful still since the 2nd harmonic is heavily...

Page 172: ...ation in the transformer core Figure 5 4 18 89 Transformer behaviour in case of overvoltage caused over excitation In the gure above is presented one simulated power transformer behavior in case of ov...

Page 173: ...he nominal This means that in this case the over excitation generated differential current could trip the transformer in this point however the fth harmonic component relation ratio to fundamental mag...

Page 174: ...eases if the overvoltage is too heavy when the differential current most probably is over the tripping limit However the behavior of the blocking is very unpredictable if the exact saturation characte...

Page 175: ...nction pre calculation Name Range Step Default Funcs Description Transformer nominal MVA 0 1 500 0MVA 0 1MVA 1 0MVA All Nominal MVA of transformer This value is used to calculate nominal currents of H...

Page 176: ...al set LV side Star or Zigzag Delta 0 Star Zigzag 1 Delta 0 Star Zigzag TRF DIFF Selection of the LV side connection star or zigzag or delta Selection is visible only if vector group is set to 0 Manua...

Page 177: ...point 1 0 01 50 00xIn 0 01xIn 1 00xIn Turnpoint 1 for the differential characteristics Slope 1 0 01 250 00 0 01 10 00 Slope1 of the differential characteristics Turnpoint2 0 01 50 00xIn 0 01xIn 3 00xI...

Page 178: ...restricted earthfault differential characteristics Setting is visible only if Enable I0d REF LV side is set to 1 Enabled Table 5 4 18 156 Calculations of the DIF function Name Description L1Bias Calc...

Page 179: ...p Off 4546 71 DIF1 2 Idb Blocked ext On 4547 71 DIF1 3 Idb Blocked ext Off 4548 71 DIF1 4 Idi Trip On 4549 71 DIF1 5 Idi Trip Off 4550 71 DIF1 6 Idi Blocked ext On 4551 71 DIF1 7 Idi Blocked ext Off 4...

Page 180: ...unctions such as impedance or directional overcurrent are using the current and voltage measured at the relay to determine if the electrical network fault appears to be inside protected area The deter...

Page 181: ...cy RMS values Table 5 4 19 160 Analogic magnitudes used by the Voltage angle memory function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundament...

Page 182: ...ift is approximately 1 degree in a second while voltage memory is in use While voltage memory is active the voltages are absent and therefore angle measurement is not possible Healthy state angles bef...

Page 183: ...n 12171 190 M1VT1 11 Voltage memory blocked Off 5 4 20 Resistance temperature detectors Modbus IO RTD 49T Resistance Temperature Detectors RTD can be used to measure temperatures from the motor as wel...

Page 184: ...an be selected the monitored module and channel Also the monitoring and alarm setting units C F can be selected here Alarms can be enabled either over or under and the setting value is input as degree...

Page 185: ...t channel x Sx Alarm2 0 1 0 Selection of the measurement higher or lower than setting value mode Sx Alarm2 101 0 2000 0deg 0 1deg 0 0deg Alarm 2 setting value Alarm shall be activated if the measureme...

Page 186: ...26 S7 Alarm2 On 4443 69 RTD1 27 S7 Alarm2 Off 4444 69 RTD1 28 S8 Alarm1 On 4445 69 RTD1 29 S8 Alarm1 Off 4446 69 RTD1 30 S8 Alarm2 On 4447 69 RTD1 31 S8 Alarm2 Off 4448 69 RTD1 32 S9 Alarm1 On 4449 6...

Page 187: ...483 70 RTD2 3 S2 Meas Invalid 4484 70 RTD2 4 S3 Meas Ok 4485 70 RTD2 5 S3 Meas Invalid 4486 70 RTD2 6 S4 Meas Ok 4487 70 RTD2 7 S4 Meas Invalid 4488 70 RTD2 8 S5 Meas Ok 4489 70 RTD2 9 S5 Meas Invalid...

Page 188: ...ve selectivity This delay can be avoided by using arc protection To extent the speed of arc protection operation arc protection card has high speed output as well to give tripping signal faster Figure...

Page 189: ...0 Arc S3 Sensor fault I I0 Arc S4 Sensor fault Detected quantity of sensors in the channel do not match with user settings I I0 Arc IO unit fault If the amount of connected AQ 101 units mismatch with...

Page 190: ...2 Enable Zone 2 Light 3 High speed output contacts HSO1 and HSO2 have been set to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays AQ 100 series units send out test pulses...

Page 191: ...2 If any of the channels has pressure sensing sensor included do the enable pressure in same way as with normal light sensor If phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent current is needed in tripping...

Page 192: ...y equal to trip signal generation of the function Trip signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked at the beginning of e...

Page 193: ...Trip Off 4750 74 ARC1 14 Zone4 Block On 4751 74 ARC1 15 Zone4 BlockOff 4752 74 ARC1 16 Ph Current Blocked On 4753 74 ARC1 17 Ph Current Blocked Off 4754 74 ARC1 18 Ph Current Start On 4755 74 ARC1 19...

Page 194: ...736 4787 Descr Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages 1 4 1 8 5 4 22 Programmable stage PGx 99 The programmable stage PGS is a stage that can be programmed by the...

Page 195: ...chosen for the comparator and possibly set a scaling for the signal Below is an example of a scaling in which primary neutral voltage has been scaled to percentage value so that it would be easier to...

Page 196: ...gnals have their own pick up setting 6 Mag1 Mag2 Signal1 Signal2 subtraction The comparison uses the product of Signal1 Signal2 calculation In the example below analog comparison has been set with two...

Page 197: ...f the absolute value of the measured signal is higher than the set pick up level the comparison condition is ful lled 2 Under Less than If the measured signal is less than the set pick up level the co...

Page 198: ...to help nd the desired value IL1 Description IL1ff p u IL1 Fundamental frequency in per unit value IL1 2nd h IL1 2nd harmonic in per unit value IL1 3rd h IL1 3rd harmonic in per unit value IL1 4th h...

Page 199: ...c in per unit value I01 9th h I01 9th harmonic in per unit value I01 11th h I01 11th harmonic in per unit value I01 13th h I01 13th harmonic in per unit value I01 15th h I01 15th harmonic in per unit...

Page 200: ...tive sequence current I2 Ang Angle of negative sequence current I01ResP I01 current resistive component primary current I01CapP I01 current capacitive component primary current I01ResS I01 current res...

Page 201: ...L1 SL2 Apparent power L2 S kVA PL2 Active power L2 P kW QL2 Reactive power L2 Q kVar tan L2 Phase active power direction L2 cos L2 Phase reactive power direction L2 SL3 Apparent power L3 S kVA PL3 Ac...

Page 202: ...hm XL2Sec Reactance X L2 secondary ohm RL3Sec Resistance R L3 secondary ohm XL3Sec Reactance X L3 secondary ohm Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary ohm Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary ohm Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 p...

Page 203: ...e G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Imp ZRX Adm YGB category Description System f System fre...

Page 204: ...pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Resetting characteristics can be set acc...

Page 205: ...p OFF 8580 134 PGS1 4 PS1 Block ON 8581 134 PGS1 5 PS1 Block OFF 8582 134 PGS1 6 PS2 Start ON 8583 134 PGS1 7 PS2 Start OFF 8584 134 PGS1 8 PS2 Trip ON 8585 134 PGS1 9 PS2 Trip OFF 8586 134 PGS1 10 PS...

Page 206: ...2 PS9 Trip ON 8629 134 PGS1 53 PS9 Trip OFF 8630 134 PGS1 54 PS9 Block ON 8631 134 PGS1 55 PS9 Block OFF 8632 134 PGS1 56 PS10 Start ON 8633 134 PGS1 57 PS10 Start OFF 8634 134 PGS1 58 PS10 Trip ON 86...

Page 207: ...0 0 4 kV distribution transformers on the medium voltage overhead line rural areas and cable networks urban areas so the 20kV medium voltage is the place where the voltage has to be controlled for all...

Page 208: ...easure from U4 channel and the connected voltage U12 U23 or U31 General settings menu also includes on line measurements and calculations from the AVR function as well as the location of the tap chang...

Page 209: ...hich position 9 presents middle position Tap changer location is indicated by mA signal 4 20 mA to the relay Each tap position has 1 67 effect to the transformer output voltage The highest mA value is...

Page 210: ...nection of mA input to option card Either of the channel 1 or 2 can be used Figure 5 5 1 103 Tap position indication according to the settings in the example AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 20...

Page 211: ...difference between each step would be identical Most of the time this is not the case and in some cases this non linear ramp up can cause the voltage regulator function to assume the tap position has...

Page 212: ...ultiple binary inputs With BCD coded binary inputs any one decimal numeral can be represented by a ve bit pattern To use BCD coded inputs set the binary inputs used set Tap position indication at the...

Page 213: ...nstead of using mA measurement RTD resistance is an applicable option To use RTD measurement the position indication needs to be scaled in menu Measurement AI mA DI volt scaling AQ T257 Instruction ma...

Page 214: ...re 5 5 1 106 Example scaling for tap position indication with RTD measurement Figure 5 5 1 107 Result of the example RTD scaling con guration AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 213 Arcteq Relays...

Page 215: ...e window may cause excessive control operations which cause the network voltage fluctuation Calm network and control operations on only necessary cases should be the target Correctly set voltage windo...

Page 216: ...ion Figure 5 5 1 109 Set window is still too tight in comparison to the tap effect Voltage regulator reaches the set target window with one tap change However the voltage after tap change is very near...

Page 217: ...tions Typically this operating time may be 30 120 seconds Operating time starts to count when the measured voltage exceeds either U or U setting limit If this situation continues until the set operati...

Page 218: ...recommended have in inverse mode though it can also be set to de nite operating mode This means that if the measured voltage exceeds the threshold a lot the operating time will be faster and if the me...

Page 219: ...characteristics for second U window Inverse operating time controls voltage back to the set target window faster if the deviation is bigger and slower when deviation is smaller AQ T257 Instruction ma...

Page 220: ...time 60 seconds U pick up U pick up TAPEFF 1 1 67 2 67 Operating time 60 seconds For very high overvoltage AVR has an instant low function which lowers the voltage without any given set time delay exc...

Page 221: ...btracted with tap effect By this way there should not be situation where the voltage is allowed pass longer time over the maximum allowed voltage For example if the maximum allowed overvoltage is 10 b...

Page 222: ...locking prevents the operation of the tap changer control in case of heavy short circuit faults in the feeding network side as well as the drifting of the tap to maximum voltage increase position duri...

Page 223: ...is under heavy overcurrent tap changer controls the voltage up to compensate the voltage drop causing most probably damage to the tap changer equipment Internal overcurrent blocking can be used to ac...

Page 224: ...asurement con guration settings as well as give overall information about AVR condition and status Table 5 5 1 173 General settings parameters Name Description Range Step Default Voltage measurement S...

Page 225: ...into tap changer location displays primary voltage deviation 50000 50000Vpri 0 01V 0 00V U instant setting Set instant stage compared to nominal 100 level 0 000 140 000 0 01 110 U setting Set second w...

Page 226: ...ings the tap changer equipment properties and connection for position indication to AVR are set Table 5 5 1 176 Tap settings parameters Name Description Range Step Default Tap position indication Sele...

Page 227: ...oltage One tap control operation increases cumulative sum by 1 AVR control blocked How many times AVR operation has been blocked by external command One blocking operation increases cumulative sum by...

Page 228: ...locking threshold 5 00 60 00 0 01 15 00 Internal OC blocking Selection whether internal overcurrent detection blocks the AVR operation 0 Not in use 1 In use 0 Not in use Internal OC pick up Pick up th...

Page 229: ...not be given since the tap changer is on high limit AVR tap in lowlimit Indicates that further voltage lower commands cannot be given since the tap changer is on low limit Controlling voltage regulato...

Page 230: ...requested On 7389 115 VRG1 29 Tap lower requested Off 5 5 2 Setting group selection SGS Up to eight 8 separate setting groups are supported Availability and selection is controlled by SGS function blo...

Page 231: ...or signal level change options In the setting group controller block is prioritized the setting groups so that if higher one is controlled simultaneously with lower priority setting group the higher r...

Page 232: ...ter is overriding local control of the setting groups and is not time dependable which means that in user activation this override shall be on until it is disabled by user again Force SG change 0 none...

Page 233: ...g group 8 selection lowest priority input for setting group control Can be controlled with pulse or steady state signals If steady state signal is applied all other SG requests shall be processed no m...

Page 234: ...5 SGS 39 Force Req Fail Off 4200 65 SGS 40 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req On 4201 65 SGS 41 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req Off 4202 65 SGS 42 SG1 Active On 4203 65 SGS 43 SG1 Active Off 4204 65 SGS 44...

Page 235: ...se of 1 wire connection is allowed the setting group change logic can be applied as in the gure above Petersen coil status on controls SG1 to be active and if the coil is disconnected SG2 is active Wi...

Page 236: ...can be programmed to be used for in the setting group selection logic As can be seen from these presented examples the setting group selection with application control has to be built fully when using...

Page 237: ...en and Object close control signals In addition to these output controls the function will report the monitored object status and applied operations Setting parameters are static inputs for the functi...

Page 238: ...inputs and protection stage signals by using IEC 61850 GOOSE or logical signals Open Block Input DI1 DIx SWx Link to the physical or software binary input 1 means that the opening of the object is bl...

Page 239: ...ynchrocheck and control timings are available The functionality of the selected object is presented in the table below Table 5 5 3 189 Object type selection Object type Functionality Description Withd...

Page 240: ...se from the output relay to the controlled object If the object operates faster than this set time the control pulse will be reset status change is detected Max Open pulse length 0 000 500 00s 0 02s 0...

Page 241: ...vent buffer it is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function is recorded with time stamp and process data va...

Page 242: ...e function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the open close bad and intermediate event signals Time stamp resolution is 1ms Input signals for indicat...

Page 243: ...4 1 Open 6850 107 CIN4 2 Close 6851 107 CIN4 3 Bad 6912 108 CIN5 0 Intermediate 6913 108 CIN5 1 Open 6914 108 CIN5 2 Close 6915 108 CIN5 3 Bad 10752 168 CIN6 0 Intermediate 10753 168 CIN6 1 Open 10754...

Page 244: ...connecting elements Synchrocheck has three stages SYN1 SYN2 and SYN3 SYN1 supervises the synchronization condition between U4 channel and the selected input voltage SYN2 supervises the synchronization...

Page 245: ...mode when the SYN2 stage is in use and UL12 is the reference voltage Figure 5 5 5 129 Example connection of synchrocheck function in 2LL U3 U4 mode when the SYN3 stage is in use and UL12 is the refere...

Page 246: ...Figure 5 5 5 130 Example application of synchrocheck over one breaker in 3LL and 3LN VT connection situations AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 245 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Page 247: ...Figure 5 5 5 131 Example application of synchrocheck over one breaker with 2LL VT connection AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 246...

Page 248: ...re 5 5 5 132 Example application of synchrocheck over two breakers in 2LL U3 U4 mode Reference of the U3 or U4 voltages may be U12 U23 or U31 AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 247 Arcteq Relays...

Page 249: ...e measured voltages Outputs of the function are Syn Ok Bypass and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the f...

Page 250: ...of voltage U4 V 5 ms Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function...

Page 251: ...led Operable in 2LL U3 U4 mode UL12 UL23 and UL31 references are available Table 5 5 5 196 Synchrocheck stage settings Name Range Step Default Description SYN U conditions LL only LL LD LL DL LL DD LL...

Page 252: ...N1 Frequency diff Ok 2893 45 SYN1 13 SYN1 Frequency diff out of setting 2894 45 SYN1 14 SYN2 Blocked On 2895 45 SYN1 15 SYN2 Blocked Off 2896 45 SYN1 16 SYN2 Ok On 2897 45 SYN1 17 SYN2 Ok Off 2898 45...

Page 253: ...ries It is the simplest option to connect and con gure It uses less wiring and connections than other signals greatly reducing initial setup costs Better for traveling long distances as current does n...

Page 254: ...control Available measurements depends on parameter mA Out Channel Magnitude selection Input value 1 107 107 0 001 0 First input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA output value 1 0 00000 2...

Page 255: ...alogue input and create a scaling curve Table 5 5 6 202 Main settings of the mA inputs Name Range Default Description Analog input scaling 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables mA input Scaling cu...

Page 256: ...d in to the last actual measured cycle value value will not go to minimum if it has been something else when signal breaks Figure 5 5 6 140 Example of the effects mA input channel settings have Table...

Page 257: ...input in the setup phase of the function CTS function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Also the operating mode of the CTS can be changed by...

Page 258: ...urement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of res...

Page 259: ...rement This setting limit de nes the lower limit for the phase current pick up element If this condition is met it is considered as one trigger for the CTS activation Iset Ratio 0 01 100 00 0 01 10 00...

Page 260: ...ystem Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics This function supports de nite ti...

Page 261: ...stem in case when primary circuit fault is found in phase L1 wiring Distinction in between primary and secondary fault in this case is impossible However the situation meets the CTS conditions and as...

Page 262: ...g Figure 5 6 1 146 System in case of low current and heavy unbalance If all of the measured phases magnitudes are below the Iset Lowlimit setting the CTS is not activated even the unbalance and other...

Page 263: ...against each other and the wiring condition can be veri ed Figure 5 6 1 148 System in case when secondary phase current wiring is broken When phase current wire is broken all of the conditions are me...

Page 264: ...ng Isum difference should be set according to the application to reach maximum security and sensitivity for the network earthing Events and registers The CTS function generates events and registers fr...

Page 265: ...t of the voltage transformer This signal is mostly used as alarming function or to disable functions that require adequate voltage measurement Measured input values The function block uses analog volt...

Page 266: ...t value function will pick up Line Fuse fail check No Yes Yes Selection if the state of the line fuse will be supervised The supervised signal is determined in IO Fuse Failure Inputs Bus Fuse fail che...

Page 267: ...om the status changes of the ALARM activated and blocked signals To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggerin...

Page 268: ...supported simultaneously Possible analog channels vary according the IED type All analog channels are presented below Table 5 6 3 213 Analogue recording channels can be chosen between channels represe...

Page 269: ...fect to the recording size For example in case that analogue channels IL1 IL2 IL3 I01 UL1 UL2 UL3 and U0 are selected sample rate is 64 s c and recording length is set to 1 0 seconds the IED has memor...

Page 270: ...s from the Digital recording channels list for possible recorder inputs Notice that disturbance recorder is not ready unless the Max length of recording is showing some value other than zero At least...

Page 271: ...older is described in Tools Settings DR path AQviewer is launched from Disturbance recorder menu as well How to estimate the max length of total recording time When the disturbance recorder settings h...

Page 272: ...log channels are used and 2 digital channels are recorded the result is the following Total sample reserve 16076647 is derived from the knowledge that one sample is always 4 bytes and the DR can use 6...

Page 273: ...L1 IL2 and IL3 are selected 2 To have another plotter choose blue plus key icon that can be found on top Note Add Plotter text appears when moving mouse cursor is on top of the icon In this example li...

Page 274: ...e to create area how you want to zoom in Zooming in and out is possible by using vertical and horizontal and icons as well It is possible to reset zooming by pressing corresponding icon in the middle...

Page 275: ...a relay must be established via AQtivate software and live edit mode must be enabled for the measurement recorder to be able to activate Navigate to measurement recorder through Tools Measurement rec...

Page 276: ...nergy MWh Pri Res Curr I02 Pha angle I L3 L2 Exp Active Energy kWh Pri Calc I0 Res Curr angle I 01 L2 Imp Active Energy MWh Pha Curr IL1 TRMS Pri Res Curr angle I 02 L2 Imp Active Energy kWh Pha Curr...

Page 277: ...os Seq Curr U4Volt p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal Mvarh Neg Seq Curr U1Volt TRMS p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal kvarh Zero Seq Curr U2Volt TRMS p u Exp Active Energy MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS U3Volt p u E...

Page 278: ...31 ang S3 Measurement I Pri Zero Seq Curr System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res Curr I 01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res Curr I 02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement Sec Pha...

Page 279: ...E kvarh Curve4 Input Res I 01 pow THD L1 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Curve4 Output Res I 02 ampl THD L1 Imp React Cap E kvarh Control mode Res I 02 pow THD L1 Exp Imp React Cap E bal Mvarh Motor status P P...

Page 280: ...inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and bi...

Page 281: ...aking current and corresponding interrupts allowed This data is provided by the circuit breaker manufacturer Table 5 6 5 219 Name Range Step Default Description Current 1 Inom 0 00 100 00kA 0 01kA 1 0...

Page 282: ...0 op Pick up threshold for remaining operations When the remaining operations is below this setting Alarm 2 signal is activated Setting example Setting example Tavrida ISM TEL 24 16 800 057 circuit br...

Page 283: ...larm2 Off In the register of the CBW function recorded events are activated On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of CBW function register content This information is ava...

Page 284: ...ive Outputs of the function are Start and Alarm act signals for phase current THD I01 THD I02 THD and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by us...

Page 285: ...amental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01FFT Fundamental RMS measurement of residual I01 current 5 ms I02FFT Fundamental RMS measurement of residual I02 current 5 ms Selection of the THD...

Page 286: ...00 0 01 20 00 Pick up setting for THD alarm element from the residual current I02 The measured THD value has to be over this setting to activate the alarm signal The pick up activation of the function...

Page 287: ...me stamp and process data values Table 5 6 6 227 Event codes of the THD function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 3520 55 THD1 0 THD Start Phase On 3521 55 THD1 1 THD...

Page 288: ...stage can be recorded and reported forward to SCADA NOTE Available measurement values depend on the IED type If only current analog measurements are available it is possible to use only signals which...

Page 289: ...ces YL1angle YL2angle YL3angle Y0angle Admittance angles Others Description System f Used tracking frequency at the moment Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 1 M thermal T Motor t...

Page 290: ...p u Recorded value in one of the eight channels Events VREC function generates events from function triggering To main event buffer it is possible to select On or Off status messages Table 5 6 7 230...

Page 291: ...k Gateway 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 NTP Client Gateway NetworkStatus Messages Running IP error NM error GW error Displays the status or possible errors of NTP settings These are errors in the parameters...

Page 292: ...000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all power related measurements Impedance meas update interval 500 10000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all impedance related measurements These parameter...

Page 293: ...or a list of available Logical Nodes in the Arcteq implementation browse the 61850 tree See following picture Figure 6 1 4 160 IEC 61850 tool buttons The available functions in the IEC 61850 tool are...

Page 294: ...can be opened by pressing the 7th button It is possible to add and remove datasets with buttons When a dataset has been added it has to be assigned to an RCB with RCB button opens a new window It is p...

Page 295: ...below Parameter Range Description IEC61850 enable Disabled Enabled Enable setting for IEC 61850 protocol IP port 0 65535 IP port used by IEC 61850 protocol Standard and default port is 102 Measuremen...

Page 296: ...ID which should be unique for the system Also confRev parameter is checked by the receiving part If VLAN switches are used to build sub networks the VLAN Priority and VLAN ID parameters must be set t...

Page 297: ...ers can be found in following table Parameter Range Description Slave address 1 65519 DNP3 slave address for the unit Master address 1 65519 DNP3 address setting for allowed master Link layer timeout...

Page 298: ...me measurements to communication Realtime signals to communication enables reporting measurements to SCADA that are not normally available in the communication protocols mapping Real time meas to comm...

Page 299: ...L2 tan L3 Tan of three phase powers and phase powers cos 3PH cos L1 cos L2 cos L3 Cos of three phase powers and phase powers Impedances and admittances RL12 RL23 RL31 XL12 XL23 XL31 RL1 RL2 RL3 XL1 XL...

Page 300: ...1 Activated Activation of the function Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes Selection between using secondary values or primary values Slot 1 8 Magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers...

Page 301: ...7 Applications and connection examples 7 1 Connections AQ T257 Figure 7 1 165 AQ T257 variant without add on modules AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 300...

Page 302: ...Figure 7 1 166 AQ T257 variant with binary input and output modules AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 301 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Page 303: ...Figure 7 1 167 AQ T257 application example with function block diagram AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 302...

Page 304: ...AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 303 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Page 305: ...ding transformer protection 7 3 Trip circuit supervision 95 Trip circuit supervision is used to monitor the wiring from auxiliary power supply trough IEDs binary output and all the way to the open coi...

Page 306: ...small is not able to make the breaker open coil operate While the trip relay is controlled and the circuit breaker is being opened the digital input is shorted by the trip contact as long as the break...

Page 307: ...will open in 50ms or after con gured release delay due the breaker is open This means that the open coil is energized for a short moment even the breaker is already open Coil could be energized even...

Page 308: ...breaker is in open position the TCS alarm is blocked by using following logic scheme or similar TCS alarm is giving whenever the breaker is closed and inverted digital input signal TCS activates Norm...

Page 309: ...AQ X257 IED family Figure 8 1 174 Modular construction of and AQ X257 IEDs AQ X257 modular structure allows scalable solutions for different application requirements In any of the non standard con gu...

Page 310: ...ng the hardware con guration This means also that the module location cannot be changed without updating the device con guration data for this case also unlocking code is needed When IO module is inse...

Page 311: ...o next slot If found 8DI module then reserve to this slot running number regard if Slot F was empty or had other than DIx module then DI4 DI5 DI6 DI7 DI8 DI9 DI10 and DI11 or if Slot C has also DI8 mo...

Page 312: ...s Connector Description COM A Communication port A RJ 45 For Modbus TCP and station bus communications COM B Communication port B RS 485 For Modbus RTU and IEC 103 SCADA communications Pin out startin...

Page 313: ...nical data section of this document Settings and scanning cycle of digital inputs Table 8 2 237 CPU card binary input settings Name Description Range Step Default DIx Polarity De nes if binary input s...

Page 314: ...current for the phase current inputs is 5 A Input nominal current can be scaled for secondary currents of 1 10 A Secondary currents are calibrated to nominal currents of 1A and 5A which provide 0 2 in...

Page 315: ...secured by fuses Nominal dimensioning voltage can be 100 400 V Voltages are calibrated in range of 0 240 V which provide 0 2 inaccuracy in same range Voltage input characteristics are as follows Meas...

Page 316: ...he IED Properties of this binary input module provided inputs are the same as inputs in the CPU module Binary inputs have as standard current consumption of 2 mA when activated and the operating volta...

Page 317: ...us change from 0 to 1 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx Drop off time De nes the delay for status change from 1 to 0 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx AC Mode Adds 30 ms deactivation delay to ac...

Page 318: ...puts This module can be ordered directly as factory installed or it can be eld upgraded if needed after the rst installation of the IED Properties of binary outputs are the same as binary outputs in t...

Page 319: ...t work Each channel can have up to three light sensors connected in series User can choose how many channels are used High speed outputs HSO1 and HSO2 operate only with DC supply Battery plus has to...

Page 320: ...nd 4 wire RTDs and thermocouple sensors Sensor type can be selected by software for two 4 channel groups Supported RTD sensors Pt100 Pt1000 Supported Thermocouple Type K Type J Type T and Type S Two m...

Page 321: ...e 8 8 185 Connection of different sensor types 8 9 Serial RS232 communication module option Figure 8 9 186 AQ 2xx Serial RS232 card connectors AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Page 322: ...S 232 GND Serial based communications COM F Pin7 RS 232 TX Serial based communications COM F Pin8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin9 COM F Pin10 3 3V output spare Spare power source for...

Page 323: ...D Communication port D LC ber connector 62 5 100mm or 50 125mm multimode glass Wavelength 1300nm Optional LC 100 Mbps Ethernet card supports HSR and PRP protocols according to IEC 61850 substation co...

Page 324: ...e grouped in 2 galvanically isolated groups The option card also has one galvanically isolated mA input channel This module can be ordered directly as factory installed option or it can be eld upgrade...

Page 325: ...Figure 8 12 189 Dimensions of the IED Figure 8 12 190 Installation of the IED AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 324...

Page 326: ...Figure 8 12 191 Panel cut out and spacing of the IED AQ T257 Instruction manual Version 2 00 325 Arcteq Relays Ltd...

Page 327: ...gy measurement Frequency range 6 75 Hz Energy and power metering inaccuracy IEC 62053 22 class 0 5 S 50 60Hz as standard IEC 62053 22 class 0 2 S 50 60Hz option available See order code for details Fi...

Page 328: ...uency measurement range from 6Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 5mA 150A rms Current measurement inaccuracy 0 002xIn 10xIn 0 5 or 3mA 10xIn 150xIn 0 5 Angle...

Page 329: ...es 1 15V Voltage measurement bandwidth freq from 7Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic voltage Terminal block Phoenix Contact PC 5 8 STCL1 7 62 Solid or stranded wire 6 mm2 Input impedance 24 5...

Page 330: ...Solid or stranded wire Phoenix Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 Maximum wire diameter 2 5mm2 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports Table 9 1 2 2 246 Front panel local communication port Port Port media Copper Ethernet...

Page 331: ...uxiliary voltage 24 110 220V AC DC Pick up threshold Release threshold Order code de ned 19 90 170V Order code de ned 14 65 132V Scanning rate 5 ms Settings Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800s Pol...

Page 332: ...Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 Maximum wire diameter 2 5mm2 9 1 3 Option cards 9 1 3 1 Binary input module Table 9 1 3 1 252 Binary input module technical data Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 5 265V AC DC...

Page 333: ...000 25000 or 50000 Lux sensor selectable in order code Inaccuracy Point sensor detection radius 180 degrees Start and instant operating time light only Typically 5 ms dedicated semiconductor outputs T...

Page 334: ...date cycle Response time 5ms cycle Update cycle time inaccuracy 5 10000 ms setting step 5ms 15 ms 13 18ms max 20 ms above set cycle mA input scaling range Output scaling range 0 4000 mA 1000000 100000...

Page 335: ...t C D LC ber connector Wavelength 1300nm Con gurable to 10Mbps or 100Mbps Fiber cable 50 125 m or 62 5 125 m multimode glass 9 1 4 Display Table 9 1 4 261 HMI TFT display technical data Dimensions and...

Page 336: ...atio 3 Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 35 ms typically 25 ms 50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of pick up current setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 50 ms Instant reset...

Page 337: ...nt when I02 channel is used Pick up is tuned more sensitive and operation times will vary due to this 9 2 1 3 Directional overcurrent 67 Idir Table 9 2 1 3 264 Directional overcurrent 67 technical dat...

Page 338: ...undamental freq RMS Residual current TRMS Residual current peak to peak Zero sequence voltage fundamental freq RMS Pick up Used current magnitude Used voltage magnitude Measured residual current I01 1...

Page 339: ...nput signals Input magnitudes Phase current fundamental freq RMS Pick up Used magnitude Negative sequence component I2pu Relative unbalance I2 I1 Pick up setting 0 01 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In...

Page 340: ...rance to Ih 2nd 3rd 5th Operation time De nite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy De nite Time Im Iset ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT operating time sett...

Page 341: ...10 4 0 x ISET 0 5 I0SET or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 x ISET 1 5 I0SET or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 x ISET 1 0 I0SET or 15 mA 0 005 4 0 x ISET Operation time De nite time function operating time setting 0 050 1800 000...

Page 342: ...DMT A IDMT Constant B IDMT Constant C IDMT Constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 2...

Page 343: ...ion time overshoot 30 ms Reset Reset ratio 103 of pick up voltage setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 45 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms...

Page 344: ...ental frequency RMS P P voltage fundamental frequency RMS U0 Pick up Pick up setting 5 00 150 00 Un setting step 0 01 Un Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Low voltage block Pick up setting 1 00 80...

Page 345: ...ion time trip Im Iset ratio 50mHz FIXED mode Im Iset ratio 50mHz TRACKING mode 70 ms max step size 100mHz 3 cycles or 60 ms max step size 100mHz Reset Reset ratio 0 020 Hz Instant reset time and start...

Page 346: ...325 ms max step size 100mHz Note Frequency is measured 2 seconds after a signal is received 9 2 1 15 Transformer thermal overload 49T T Table 9 2 1 15 276 Transformer thermal overload 49T technical da...

Page 347: ...oltage measurement starts from 0 5V and current measurement from 25mA In case either or both is missing the measured magnitude is forced to 0MW MVar MVA Avoid using setting that should operate below r...

Page 348: ...residual current measurement for HV LV REF protection 2nd and 5th harmonic measurement Characteristic Differential and REF Differential calculation mode Bias calculation mode Add or Subtract CT direc...

Page 349: ...ng residual current Pick up light intensity 0 50 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 0 10 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 8000 25000 or 50000 Lux sensor selectable in order code Starting inaccuracy Ar...

Page 350: ...stant operation time trip Um Uset ratio 1 05 50 ms Reset Reset ratio Voltage Current 95 105 of pick up voltage setting 97 of pick up current setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 0...

Page 351: ...0 05 0 50 Hz setting step 0 01 Hz Inaccuracy Voltage Frequency Angle 3 0 USET or 0 3 UN 25 mHz U 30 V secondary 1 5 U 30 V secondary Reset Reset ratio Voltage Frequency Angle 99 of pick up voltage se...

Page 352: ...operation time alarm Im Iset ratio 1 05 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays Reset Reset ratio 97 103 of pick up current setting Instant reset time and start up reset 80 ms 50 ms in differen...

Page 353: ...s according chosen signals and operation time setting combined 9 2 3 4 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW Table 9 2 3 4 289 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW technical data Pick up Breaker characteristic...

Page 354: ...mental frequency RMS Phase current fundamental freq RMS back up frequency Pick up Pick up voltage setting Pick up current setting optional 2 00 50 00 Un setting step 0 01 x Un 0 01 50 00 x In setting...

Page 355: ...N 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 6 f 150 kHz 80 MHz 10V Table 9 3 293 Voltage tests Dielectric voltage test EN 60255 27 IEC 60255 5 EN 60255 1 2 kV 50Hz 1min Impulse voltage test EN 60255 27 IEC 60255 5 5 kV 1...

Page 356: ...C Other Altitude 2000m Overvoltage category III Pollution degree 2 Casing and package Table 9 3 297 Dimensions and weight Device Device dimensions W x H x D mm Casing height 208mm width 257mm depth 21...

Page 357: ...es Order code Description Note Manufacturer AQ ACC ADAM4016 ADAM 4016 RTD 6 ch RTD module with Modbus Requires external Advanced Co Ltd Pt100 1000 Balco500 Ni power module AQ T257 Instruction manual V...

Page 358: ...00 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd 8000 Lux threshold AQ 02B Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable...

Page 359: ...Wolf ntie 36 F 12 65200 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 URL url www arcteq email sales sales arcteq Technical support site https arcteq support landing Technical suppo...

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