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Arcteq AQ G397, Instruction Manual

The Arcteq AQ G397 Instruction Manual is a comprehensive guide that provides step-by-step instructions and essential information for users of the Arcteq AQ G397 product. It is available for free download on our website, manualshive.com, allowing users to access this valuable resource easily and conveniently.

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Instruction manual 

–

AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED

 

 128 (211

)

 

 

Table 3-58: Setting parameters of the impedance protection function. 

Parameter 

Setting value, range 

and step 

Description 

Operation 

Off, NoCompound, 

FWCompound, 

BWCompound 

Operating mode selection for the function. Default setting is 

NoCompound. 

Impedance 

start only 

Activated 

Deactivated 

Selection if the function issues either “Start” signal alone or 

both “Start” and after set time delay “Trip” signal.  

Default is 

that both signals are generated (=deactivated). 

IPh Base 

Sens 

10…30%

 by step of 1  Minimum current setting for phase currents. Default setting is 

20. 

IRes Base 

Sens 

10…50%

 by step of 1  Minimum current setting for residual current. Default setting 

is 10. 

IRes bias 

5…30% 

 by step of 1 

Slope of the percentage characteristic for earth-fault 

detection. Default setting is 10. 

PsImpAng 

0…90 deg 

 by step of 

1 

Positive impedance angle. Default setting is 10. 

OfsImpRch 

-150.00

…

150.00 

Ohm by step of 0.01. 

Offset impedance reach. Default setting is 0.00. 

PsImpRch 

0.10

…

250.00 Ohm by 

step of 0.01. 

Positive impedance reach. Default setting is 10.00. 

Zone1 (Xo-

X1)/3X1 

0.00

…

5.00 by step of 

0.01. 

The zero sequence current compensation factor, calculated 

with X values. Default setting is 0.00. 

Zone1 (Ro-

R1)/3R1 

0.00

…

5.00 by step of 

0.01. 

The zero sequence current compensation factor, calculated 

with R values. Default setting is 0.00. 

Time delay 

0

…

60000ms  by step 

of 1. 

Operation time delay. Default setting is 500. 

 

3.2.22

 

 

P

OLE SLIP 

(78)

 

(O

PTION

) 

The pole slipping protection function can be applied mainly for synchronous machines. If a 
machine  falls  out  of  synchronism,  then  the  voltage  vector  induced  by  the  machine  rotates 
slower or with a higher speed as compared to voltage vectors of the network. The result is that 
according to the frequency difference of the two vector systems, the cyclical voltage difference 
on the current carrying elements of the network are overloaded cyclically. To protect the stator 
coils  from  the  harmful  effects  of  the  high  currents  and  to  protect  the  network  elements,  a 
disconnection is required. 
 
The pole slipping protection function is designed for this purpose. 

3.2.22.1

 

Principle of operation 

The principle of operation is the impedance calculation.  

When a machine falls out of synchronism, then the voltage vector induced by the machine 
rotates slower or with a higher speed as compared to voltage vectors of the network. The 
result is that according to the frequency difference of the two vector systems the cyclical 

Summary of Contents for AQ G397

Page 1: ...INSTRUCTION MANUAL AQ G357 Generator protection IED ...

Page 2: ... information added Voltage Sag and swell function added Updated ordering information and type designation Technical data revised Revision 1 03 Date July 2012 Changes Synch check revised technical data revised order code updated Revision 1 04 Date 17 1 2014 Changes Added measurement connection examples Revision 1 05 Date 11 2 2015 Changes Current and voltage measurement descriptions revised Revisio...

Page 3: ...ore trying to install operate service or maintain it Electrical equipment should be installed operated serviced and maintained only by qualified personnel Local safety regulations should be followed No responsibility is assumed by Arcteq for any consequences arising out of the use of this material We reserve right to changes without further notice ...

Page 4: ...current 51V 56 3 2 7 Three phase directional overcurrent IDir IDir 67 62 3 2 8 Residual directional overcurrent I0Dir I0Dir 67N 65 3 2 9 Current Unbalance I2 60 69 3 2 10 Negative sequence overcurrent 46 71 3 2 11 Thermal overload T 49 82 3 2 12 Over voltage U U 59 84 3 2 13 Under voltage U U 27 85 3 2 14 Residual over voltage U0 U0 59N 87 3 2 15 Harmonic under voltage 64H 88 3 2 16 Over frequency...

Page 5: ...5 1 Block diagram AQ G397 with typical options 186 5 2 Connection example AQ G357 187 6 CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION 188 6 1 CPU module 188 6 2 Power supply module 190 6 3 Binary input module 191 6 4 Binary output modules for signaling 192 6 5 Tripping module 193 6 6 Voltage measurement module 194 6 7 Current measurement module 195 6 8 Installation and dimensions 196 7 TECHNICAL DATA 198 7 1 Prot...

Page 6: ...ip module 206 7 4 5 Binary output module 207 7 4 6 Binary input module 207 7 5 Tests and environmental conditions 208 7 5 1 Disturbance tests 208 7 5 2 Voltage tests 208 7 5 3 Mechanical tests 208 7 5 4 Casing and package 208 7 5 5 Environmental conditions 209 8 ORDERING INFORMATION 210 9 REFERENCE INFORMATION 211 ...

Page 7: ...ctromagnetic compatibility HMI Human machine interface HW Hardware IED Intelligent electronic device IO Input output LED Light emitting diode LV Low voltage MV Medium voltage NC Normally closed NO Normally open RMS Root mean square SF System failure TMS Time multiplier setting TRMS True root mean square VAC Voltage alternating current VDC Voltage direct current SW Software uP Microprocessor ...

Page 8: ...es are assembled and configured according to the application IO requirements and the software determines the available functions This manual describes the specific application of the AQ G3x7 generator protection IED AQ G357 and AQ G397 contain the same software functionality Difference is in physical size AQ G357 is a half 19 inch rack version with limited I O capability whereas AQ G397 is a full ...

Page 9: ... 51V Voltage restrained or voltage controlled overcurrent protection TOC67_low TOC67_high IDir IDir 67 Directional three phase overcurrent protection TOC67N_low TOC67N_high I0Dir I0Dir 67N Directional residual overcurrent protection INR2 I2h 68 Inrush detection and blocking TOC46 I2 46 Negative sequence overcurrent VCB60 Iub 60 Current unbalance protection TTR49L T 49 Thermal protection TOV59_low ...

Page 10: ...dule the current input function block is automatically configured among the software function blocks Separate current input function blocks are assigned to each current transformer hardware module A current transformer hardware module is equipped with four special intermediate current transformers As usual the first three current inputs receive the three phase currents IL1 IL2 IL3 the fourth input...

Page 11: ...r 1A This parameter influences the internal number format and naturally accuracy A small current is processed with finer resolution if 1A is selected If needed the phase currents can be inverted by setting the parameter Starpoint I1 3 This selection applies to each of the channels IL1 IL2 and IL3 The fourth current channel can be inverted by setting the parameter Direction I4 This inversion may be...

Page 12: ...turbance recording The performed basic calculation results the Fourier basic harmonic magnitude and angle and the true RMS value These results are processed by subsequent protection function blocks and they are available for on line displaying as well The function block also provides parameters for setting the primary rated currents of the main current transformer Rated Primary I1 3 and Rated Prim...

Page 13: ...no voltage input module is configured then the reference vector vector with angle 0 degree is the vector calculated for the first current input channel of the first applied current input module The first input module is the one configured closer to the CPU module 3 1 2 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT AND SCALING If the factory configuration includes a voltage transformer hardware module the voltage input func...

Page 14: ...ded A small voltage is processed with finer resolution if 100V is selected This parameter influences the internal number format and naturally accuracy There is a correction factor available if the rated secondary voltage of the main voltage transformer e g 110V does not match the rated input of the device The related parameter is VT correction As an example if the rated secondary voltage of the ma...

Page 15: ...3 Range Type 100 Residual voltage Rated Primary U4 11 54A If phase to phase voltage is connected to the VT input of the device then the Ph Ph option is to be selected Here the primary rated voltage of the VT must be the value of the rated PHASE TO PHASE voltage This option must not be selected if the distance protection function is supplied from the VT input ...

Page 16: ...y setting the parameter Direction U1 3 This selection applies to each of the channels UL1 UL2 and UL3 The fourth voltage channel can be inverted by setting the parameter Direction U4 This inversion may be needed in protection functions such as distance protection or for any functions with directional decision or for checking the voltage vector positions These modified sampled values are available ...

Page 17: ...ge input function Table 3 7 Integer parameters of the voltage input function Table 3 8 Float point parameters of the voltage input function NOTE The rated primary voltage of the channels is not needed for the voltage input function block itself These values are passed on to the subsequent function blocks ...

Page 18: ... sinusoid 57V RMS of the rated frequency is injected the displayed value is 57V The displayed value does not depend on the parameter setting values Rated Secondary NOTE2 The reference vector vector with angle 0 degree is the vector calculated for the first voltage input channel of the first applied voltage input module The first voltage input module is the one configured closer to the CPU module ...

Page 19: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 19 211 3 1 3 MEASUREMENT CONNECTION EXAMPLES Figure 3 5 Connection example with current breaker open and close connection CT and VT connection ...

Page 20: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 20 211 Figure 3 6 Example connection with two CT s facing each other ...

Page 21: ...ion manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 21 211 Figure 3 7 Connection example where the direction of the secondary sides starpoint direction has been inverted Notice the inverted parameter Starpoint I1 3 Bus ...

Page 22: ...al values such as active and reactive power symmetrical components of voltages and currents These values are available as primary quantities and they can be displayed on the on line screen of the device or on the remote user interface of the computers connected to the communication network and they are available for the SCADA system using the configured communication system 3 1 4 1 Reporting the m...

Page 23: ...alues The measured values of the line measurement function depend on the hardware configuration As an example table shows the list of the measured values available in a configuration for solidly grounded networks Table 3 10 Example Measured values in a configuration for solidly grounded networks Another example is in figure where the measured values available are shown as on line information in a ...

Page 24: ...orks The available quantities are described in the configuration description documents 3 1 4 4 Reporting the measured values and the changes For reporting additional information is needed which is defined in parameter setting As an example in a configuration for solidly grounded networks the following parameters are available ...

Page 25: ...tude mode is selected for reporting a report is generated if the measured value leaves the deadband around the previously reported value As an example Figure 1 2 shows that the current becomes higher than the value reported in report1 PLUS the Deadband value this results report2 etc For this mode of operation the Deadband parameters are explained in table below The Range parameters in the table ar...

Page 26: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 26 211 Table 3 12 The floating point parameters of the line measurement function ...

Page 27: ...ed mode is selected for reporting a report is generated if the time integral of the measured value since the last report gets becomes larger in the positive or negative direction then the deadband 1sec area As an example Figure 1 3 shows that the integral of the current in time becomes higher than the Deadband value multiplied by 1sec this results report2 etc ...

Page 28: ...s generated independently of the changes of the measured values when the defined time period elapses Table 3 13 The integer parameters of the line measurement function If the reporting time period is set to 0 then no periodic reporting is performed for this quantity All reports can be disabled for a quantity if the reporting mode is set to Off See Table 3 11 ...

Page 29: ... side The inputs are the sampled values of three phase currents measured at the network side the sampled values of three phase currents measured at the neutral connection parameters status signals The outputs are the binary output status signals the measured values for displaying The software modules of the generator differential protection function Diff base harm This module calculates the basic ...

Page 30: ...etails of the individual components Differential current calculation The differential currents in the phases are calculated as the difference between the currents measured on the network side and those on the neutral side This module calculates the basic Fourier components of three differential currents These results are needed also for the high speed differential current decision Principle of har...

Page 31: ... the network side Currents of the neutral side The outputs are the magnitude of the base harmonic Fourier components of these currents The base harmonic Fourier components of the network side The base harmonic Fourier components of the neutral side These values are processed by the software module evaluating the currents according to the differential characteristics ...

Page 32: ...ction Unrestrained differential characteristics If the calculated differential current is very high then the differential characteristic is not considered anymore because separate status signals for the phases are set to true value if the differential currents in the individual phases are above the limit defined by parameter setting The decisions of the phases are connected in OR gate to result th...

Page 33: ...the generator differential function is shown in figure bellow This block shows all binary input and output status signals that are applicable in the AQtivate 300 software The binary input and output signals of the generator differential protection function are listed in below tables ...

Page 34: ... overcurrent protection function where tOP seconds Theoretical operating time if G GS without additional time delay G Measured peak value or Fourier base harmonic of the phase currents GS Pick up setting value The structure of the algorithm consists of following modules Fourier calculation module calculates the RMS values of the Fourier components of the residual current Peak selection module is a...

Page 35: ...les The function includes a blocking signal input which can be configured by user from either IED internal binary signals or IED binary inputs through the programmable logic Table 3 14 Setting parameters of the instantaneous overcurrent protection function Parameter Setting value range and step Description Operation Off Peak value Fundamental value Operating mode selection of the function Can be d...

Page 36: ... seconds Theoretical operating time if G GS without additional time delay G Measured peak value or Fourier base harmonic of the residual current GS Pick up setting value The structure of the algorithm consists of following modules Fourier calculation module calculates the RMS values of the Fourier components of the residual current Peak selection module is an alternative for the Fourier calculatio...

Page 37: ...cription Operation Off Peak value Fundamental value Operating mode selection of the function Can be disabled operating based into measured current peak values or operating based into calculated current fundamental frequency RMS values Default setting is Peak value Start current 10 400 by step of 1 Pick up setting of the function Setting range is from 10 to 400 of the configured nominal secondary c...

Page 38: ...peak values of the phase currents in case if the user set pick up value is exceeded Trip signal is generated based into the selected definite time or IDMT additional time delay is passed from the start conditions The operation of the function is phase wise and it allows each phase to be tripped separately Standard operation is three poles The function includes a blocking signal input which can be ...

Page 39: ...r base harmonic of the phase currents GS Pick up setting value IDMT operating characteristics depend on the selected curve family and curve type All of the available IDMT characteristics follow Equation 3 1 IDMT characteristics equation t G seconds Theoretical operate time with constant value of G k c constants characterizing the selected curve α constant characterizing the selected curve G measur...

Page 40: ...he parameters and operating curve types follow corresponding standards presented in the table below Table 3 16 Parameters and operating curve types for the IDMT characteristics In following figures the characteristics of IDMT curves are presented with minimum and maximum pick up settings in respect of the IED measuring range ...

Page 41: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 41 211 Figure 3 17 IEC Normally Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 42: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 42 211 Figure 3 18 IEC Very Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 43: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 43 211 Figure 3 19 IEC Extremely Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 44: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 44 211 Figure 3 20 IEC Long Time Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 45: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 45 211 Figure 3 21 ANSI IEEE Normally Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 46: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 46 211 Figure 3 22 ANSI IEEE Moderately Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 47: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 47 211 Figure 3 23 ANSI IEEE Very Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 48: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 48 211 Figure 3 24 ANSI IEEE Extremely Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 49: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 49 211 Figure 3 25 ANSI IEEE Long Time Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 50: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 50 211 Figure 3 26 ANSI IEEE Long Time Very Inverse operating curves with minimum and maximum pick up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 ...

Page 51: ... up settings and TMS settings from 0 05 to 20 Resetting characteristics for the function depends on the selected operating time characteristics For the IEC type IDMT characteristics the reset time is user settable and for the ANSI IEEE type characteristics the resetting time follows equation below Equation 3 2 Resetting characteristics for ANSI IEEE IDMT ...

Page 52: ... constants characterizing the selected curve α constants characterizing the selected curve G measured value of the Fourier base harmonic of the phase currents GS pick up setting TMS Time dial setting preset time multiplier The parameters and operating curve types follow corresponding standards presented in the table below ...

Page 53: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 53 211 Table 3 17 Parameters and operating curve types for the IDMT characteristics reset times ...

Page 54: ...me 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Default 100 ms Definite time operating delay setting Setting range is from 0 ms to 60000 ms with step of 1 ms Default setting is 100 ms This parameter is not in use when IDMT characteristics is selected for the operation Reset delay 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Default 100 ms Settable reset delay for definite time function and IEC IDMT operating characteristics Setting ...

Page 55: ... setting The structure of the algorithm consists of following modules Fourier calculation module calculates the RMS values of the Fourier components of the residual current Characteristics module compares the Fourier basic harmonic components of the residual current into the setting value Decision logic module generates the trip signal of the function In the figure below is presented the structure...

Page 56: ...s Default 100 ms Minimum operating delay setting for the IDMT characteristics Additional delay setting is from 0 ms to 60000 ms with step of 1 ms Default setting is 100 ms Definite delay time 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Default 100 ms Definite time operating delay setting Setting range is from 0 ms to 60000 ms with step of 1 ms Default setting is 100 ms This parameter is not in use when IDMT charac...

Page 57: ...rmer supervision function block if the measured voltage is not available This function can be applied as main protection for medium voltage applications or generator overcurrent protection The function is basically a definite time overcurrent protection function but the current threshold is influenced by the measured voltage The function has two modes of operation depending on the parameter settin...

Page 58: ...figure below Figure 3 30 Voltage restraint characteristics Voltage controlled characteristics In this case the overcurrent protection operates only if the voltage is below the U_lowlimit value and the current is above the SatrtCurrent value No operation is expected if the voltage is above the U_lowlimit value ...

Page 59: ...low Figure 3 31 Voltage controlled characteristics Definite time characteristics The threshold value set dynamically according to the voltage restrained characteristic or set to constant value according to the voltage controlled characteristic If the Voltage current point is in the operate range the definite time delay is calculated according to the timer setting Time Delay ...

Page 60: ...32 Structure of the voltage dependent overcurrent protection function The inputs are The RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of three phase currents The RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of three phase voltages Parameters Status signals The outputs are The binary output status signals The software modules of the voltage dependent overcurrent protection function ...

Page 61: ...al phases Decision logic The decision logic module combines the status signals to generate the trip command of the function The signals and commands are generated only if neither the general blocking signal nor the blocking signal of the voltage transformer supervision function stops the operation The general start signal indicates the starting in any of the phases the general trip command is gene...

Page 62: ...trained mode the overcurrent pickup and drop off setting value is multiplied by the k Uactual Unominal factor when the voltage is within the Uhighlimit Ulowlimit range When the voltage is below Uhighlimit the current setting slope is linearized by parameters Ulowlimit and Ilowlimit Ulowlimit 20 60 by step of 1 Lower voltage range of the current setting slope k Ilowlimit 20 60 by step of 1 Current ...

Page 63: ... impedance of the six loops L1L2 L2L3 L3L1 L1N L2N L3N Based on the loop voltage and loop current of the selected loop the directional decision is Forward if the voltage and the current is sufficient for directional decision and the angle difference between the vectors is inside the set operating characteristics If the angle difference between the vectors is outside of the set characteristics the ...

Page 64: ...decision is true if both the three phase voltages and the three phase currents are above the setting limits The RMS voltage and current values of the fundamental Fourier components of the selected loop are forwarded to angle calculation for further processing If the phase angle between the three phase voltage and three phase current is within the set range defined by the preset parameter or non di...

Page 65: ...tting of the function Setting range is from 5 of nominal current to 1000 with step of 1 Default setting is 50 of nominal current Min Delay 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Default 100 ms Minimum operating delay setting for the IDMT characteristics Additional delay setting is from 0 ms to 60000 ms with step of 1 ms Default setting is 100 ms Definite delay time 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Default 100 ms De...

Page 66: ...al directional overcurrent algorithm Figure 3 36 Structure of the residual directional overcurrent algorithm The block of the directional decision generates a signal of TRUE value if the UN 3Uo zero sequence voltage and the IN 3Io current is sufficient for directional decision and the angle difference between the vectors is within the preset range This decision enables the output start and trip si...

Page 67: ...stic angle and R0A parameter is the operating angle In the figure FI parameter describes the measured residual current angle in relation to measured U0 signal and IN is the magnitude of the measured residual current In the figure described situation the measured residual current is inside of the set operating sector and the status of the function would be starting in Forward mode The protection fu...

Page 68: ...er non directional operating angle mode wattmetric I0cos fi or varmetric I0sin fi mode Uo min 1 10 by step of 1 The threshold value for the 3Uo zero sequence voltage below this setting no directionality is possible of the rated voltage of the voltage transformer input Io min 1 50 by step of 1 The threshold value for the 3Io zero sequence current below this setting no operation is possible of the r...

Page 69: ... 05 999 by step of 0 01 Time dial multiplier setting used with IDMT operating time characteristics Min Time 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Minimum time delay for the inverse characteristics Def Time 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Definite operating time Reset Time 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Settable function reset time 3 2 9 CURRENT UNBALANCE I2 60 The current unbalance protection function can be applied ...

Page 70: ...tion The signal processing compares the difference between measured current magnitudes If the measured relative difference between the minimum and maximum current is higher than the setting value the function generates a trip command For stage to be operational the measured current level has to be in range of 10 to 150 of the nominal current This precondition prevents the stage from operating in c...

Page 71: ...nt 10 90 by step of 1 Pick up setting of the current unbalance Setting is the maximum allowed difference in between of the min and max phase currents Default setting is 50 Time delay 0 60000 ms by step of 100 ms Operating time delay setting for the Trip signal from the Start signal Default setting is 1000 ms 3 2 10 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT 46 The negative sequence overcurrent protection funct...

Page 72: ...t definite time characteristic Where tOP seconds is theoretical operating time if G GS fix according to the preset parameter G is measured value of the characteristic quantity Fourier base harmonic of the negative sequence current GS is preset starting value of the characteristic quantity TOC46_StCurr_IPar_ Start current ...

Page 73: ...nual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 73 211 3 2 10 2 Standard dependent time characteristics Table 3 24 Standard dependent time characteristics Table 3 25 The constants of the standard dependent time characteristics ...

Page 74: ...ED 74 211 The end of the effective range of the dependent time characteristics GD is Above this value the theoretical operating time is definite The inverse characteristic is valid above GT 1 1 Gs Above this value the function is guaranteed to operate ...

Page 75: ...istics The inverse type characteristics are also combined with a minimum time delay the value of which is set by user parameter TOC46_MinDel_TPar_ Min Time Delay 3 2 10 3 Structure of the negative sequence overcurrent protection algorithm Figure below shows the structure of the negative sequence overcurrent protection TOC46 algorithm ...

Page 76: ...e overcurrent protection algorithm For the preparation not part of the TOC46 function The inputs are the sampled values of the three phase currents IL1 IL2 IL3 The output is the RMS value of the fundamental Fourier components of the negative sequence component of the phase currents For the TOC46 function ...

Page 77: ...s These modules calculate the basic Fourier current components of the phase currents Negative sequence This module calculates the basic Fourier current components of the negative sequence current based on the Fourier components of the phase currents Characteristics This module calculates the required time delay based on the Fourier components of the negative sequence current Decision logic The dec...

Page 78: ...ase currents of the primary side IL1 IL2 IL3 The outputs are the basic Fourer components of the analyzed currents IL1Four IL2Four IL3Four 3 2 10 5 The negative phase sequence calculation This module calculates the negative phase sequence components based on the Fourier components of the phase currents This module belongs to the preparatory phase The inputs are the basic Fourier components of the p...

Page 79: ... the Fourier components of the negative sequence current The formulas applied are described in Chapter 1 1 The input is the basic Fourier component of the negative sequence current INegFour and parameters The outputs are the internal status signals of the function These indicate the started state and the generated trip command if the time delay determined by the characteristics expired Figure 3 45...

Page 80: ...ting delay setting for the IDMT characteristics Additional delay setting is from 0 ms to 60000 ms with step of 1 ms Default setting is 100 ms Definite delay time 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Default 100 ms Definite time operating delay setting Setting range is from 0 ms to 60000 ms with step of 1 ms Default setting is 100 ms This parameter is not in use when IDMT characteristics is selected for the ...

Page 81: ...7 The binary status signals of the decision logic Binary input status signal The negative sequence overcurrent protection function has a binary input signal which serves the purpose of disabling the function The conditions of disabling are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor Table 3 28 The binary input signal of the negative sequence overcurrent protection function Table 3 29 ...

Page 82: ...rrents The basis of the temperature calculation is the step by step solution of the thermal differential equation This method provides overtemperature i e the temperature above the ambient temperature Accordingly the final temperature of the protected object is the sum of the calculated overtemperature and the ambient temperature The ambient temperature can be set manually If the calculated temper...

Page 83: ...he function are the maximum of TRMS values of the phase currents ambient temperature setting binary input status signals and setting parameters Function outputs binary signals for Alarm Trip pulse and Trip with restart inhibit The thermal replica of the function follows the following equation Equation 3 3 Thermal replica equation of the thermal overload protection ...

Page 84: ...ture of the protected object Default setting is 100 deg Base temperature 0 40 deg by step of 1 deg Rated ambient temperature of the device related to allowed temperature rise Default setting is 40 deg Unlock temperature 20 200 deg by step of 1 deg Releasing of the function generated trip signal when the calculated thermal load is cooled under this setting Restart inhibit release limit Default sett...

Page 85: ...d Off Default setting is On Start voltage 30 130 by step of 1 Voltage pick up setting Default setting 63 Start signal only Activated Deactivated Selection if the function issues either Start signal alone or both Start and after set time delay Trip signal Default is that both signals are generated deactivated Reset ratio 1 10 by step of 1 Overvoltage protection reset ratio default setting is 5 Time...

Page 86: ...undervoltage or all phases undervoltage condition Default setting is 1 out of 3 which means that any phase under the setting limit will cause operation Start voltage 30 130 by step of 1 Voltage pick up setting Default setting is 90 Block voltage 0 20 by step of 1 Undervoltage blocking setting This setting prevents the function from starting in undervoltage condition which is caused for example fro...

Page 87: ...ay has elapsed Table 3 33 Setting parameters of the residual overvoltage function Parameter Setting value range and step Description Operation Off On Operating mode selection for the function Operation can be either enabled On or disabled Off Default setting is On Start voltage 2 60 by step of 1 Voltage pick up setting Default setting 30 Start signal only Activated Deactivated Selection if the fun...

Page 88: ...egarding the zero sequence voltage and current Along the stator windings of the phases due to the construction of a generator a third harmonic voltage component is generated which is of zero sequence nature This zero sequence third harmonic voltage is divided between the distributed capacitances of the system generator and transformer earth capacitance etc As a consequence in normal symmetric oper...

Page 89: ... parameter setting value G measured value of the characteristic quantity Fourier third harmonic of the neutral voltage GS setting value of the characteristic quantity Structure of third harmonic undervoltage protection Figure below shows the structure of the definite time third harmonic undervoltage protection HIZ64 algorithm Figure 3 53 Structure of third harmonic undervoltage protection ...

Page 90: ...elongs to the preparatory phase Figure 3 54 Fourier calculation Characteristics This module decides the stating of the function based on the third harmonic Fourier component of the generator neutral point voltage and it counts the time delay The time delay is defined by the parameter setting if the voltage is below the setting value The inputs are the third harmonic Fourier component of the phase ...

Page 91: ...On or disabled Off Default setting is On Start voltage 2 60 by step of 1 Voltage pick up setting Default setting 30 Start signal only Activated Deactivated Selection if the function issues either Start signal alone or both Start and after set time delay Trip signal Default is that both signals are generated deactivated Time delay 0 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Operating time delay setting for the Trip...

Page 92: ...e needed to reset the measured frequency to zero The basic criterion is that the evaluated voltage should be above 30 of the rated voltage value The over frequency protection function generates a start signal if at least five measured frequency values are above the preset level Table 3 35 Setting parameters of the over frequency protection function Parameter Setting value range and step Descriptio...

Page 93: ...surements are needed Similarly four invalid measurements are needed to reset the measured frequency to zero The basic criterion is that the evaluated voltage should be above 30 of the rated voltage value The under frequency protection function generates a start signal if at least five measured frequency values are below the setting value Table 3 36 Setting parameters of the under frequency functio...

Page 94: ...iod between two rising edges at zero crossing of a voltage signal For the confirmation of the measured frequency at least four subsequent identical measurements are needed Similarly four invalid measurements are needed to reset the measured frequency to zero The basic criterion is that the evaluated voltage should be above 30 of the rated voltage value The rate of change of frequency protection fu...

Page 95: ...eactive power point S in figure below and compares the P Q coordinates with the defined characteristics on the power plane The characteristic is defined as a line laying on the point SS and perpendicular to the direction of SS The SS point is defined by the Start power magnitude and the Direction angle The under power function operates if the angle of the S SS vector related to the directional lin...

Page 96: ... UL3 Parameters Status signals The function can be enabled or disabled BLK input signal The status signal of the VTS voltage transformer supervision function can also disable the directional operation The outputs are The binary output status signals Software modules of the function block are as follows P Q Calculation Based on the RMS values of the fundamental Fourier component of the three phase ...

Page 97: ... of the function Decision logic This part of the function block combines status signals to make a decision to start Additionally to the directional decision the function may not be blocked by the general Block signal and may not be blocked by the signal Block for VTS of the voltage transformer supervision function If the parameter setting requires also a trip signal DUP32_StOnly_BPar_ 0 then the m...

Page 98: ...100 3 2 20 DIRECTIONAL OVER POWER P 32 The directional under power protection function can be applied mainly to protect any elements of the electric power system mainly generators if the active and or reactive power has to be limited in respect of the allowed minimum power The inputs of the function are the Fourier basic harmonic components of the three phase currents and those of the three phase ...

Page 99: ...tion Figure below shows the structure of the directional underpower protection DOP32 algorithm Figure 3 60 Structure of directional overpower protection The inputs are The RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of the three phase currents IL1 IL2 IL3 The RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of the three phase voltages UL1 UL2 UL3 Parameters ...

Page 100: ...mponents of the three phase currents and three phase voltages The internal output signals are the calculated three phase active and reactive power values Directional decision This module decides if on the power plane the calculated complex power is closer to the origin than the corresponding point of the characteristic line i e if the point S is on the Operate side of the P Q plane The internal in...

Page 101: ...ion function Table 3 39 Setting parameters of the directional overpower protection function Parameter Setting value range and step Description Operation Off On Operating mode selection for the function Operation can be either disabled Off or enabled On Default setting is enabled Start signal only Activated Deactivated Selection if the function issues either Start signal alone or both Start and aft...

Page 102: ...entification is provided The operate decision is based on offset circle characteristics The impedance calculation is dynamically based on o Measured loop voltages if they are sufficient for decision o Voltages stored in the memory if they are available o Optionally the decision can be non direction in that case the center of the circle is not shifted away from the origin Binary input signals and c...

Page 103: ...ollows Z_CALC calculates the impedances R jX of the six measuring current loops o Three phase phase loops o Three phase ground loops OFFSET CIRCLE compares the calculated impedances with the setting values of the compounded circle characteristics The result is the decision for all six measuring loops if the impedance is within the offset circle SELECT is the phase selection algorithm to decide whi...

Page 104: ...o earth loops the phase voltage is divided by the phase current compounded with the zero sequence current These equations are summarized in table below for different types of faults The result of this calculation is the positive sequence impedance of the fault loop including the positive sequence fault resistance at the fault location Table 3 40 Impedance calculation formulas The central column co...

Page 105: ...resence or absence of the earth zero sequence current In case of a fault involving the earth on a solidly grounded network and if the earth current is over a certain level the formula containing the complex earth fault compensation factor will be applied to calculate the correct impedance which is proportional to the impedance to fault It can be proven that if the setting value of the complex eart...

Page 106: ...tion two equations are derived with the two unknown values R and L so they can be calculated This basic principle is realized in the algorithm by substituting the sampled values of the line to line voltages for u and the difference of two phase currents in case of two or three phase faults without ground for i For example in case of an L2L3 fault In case of a phase to earth fault the sampled phase...

Page 107: ... the faulty loop based on the orthogonal components of the Fourier fundamental component vectors To achieve better filtering effect the calculation is performed using the fundamental Fourier components of the voltages currents and current derivatives The calculation results complex impedances on the network frequency Figure 3 64 Impedance calculation principal scheme The inputs are Fourier compone...

Page 108: ...dules for impedance calculation o The three routines of the phase group are activated by phase voltages phase currents and the zero sequence current calculated from the phase current o The three routines for the phase to phase loops get line to line voltages calculated from the sampled phase voltages and they get differences of the phase currents They do not need zero sequence currents for the cal...

Page 109: ...igure below shows the internal logic of the impedance calculation Figure 3 65 Impedance calculation internal logic The decision needs logic parameter settings and additionally internal logic signals The explanation of these signals is as follows Table 3 42 Internal logic parameters of the impedance calculation ...

Page 110: ...otection IED 110 211 Table 3 43 Binary input signals for the impedance calculation The outputs of the scheme are calculation methods applied for impedance calculation Table 3 44 Calculation methods applied in the impedance calculation module ...

Page 111: ...f u i If the CURRENT_OK status signal is true but the VOLT_OK_HIGH status signal is false or there are voltage swings the directionality decision cannot be performed based on the available voltage signals temporarily In this case if the voltage is above a minimal level in the range of possible capacitive voltage transformer swings then the VOLT_OK_LOW status is true the magnitude of R and X is cal...

Page 112: ... the impedance is set to a high value R 1000500 X 1000500 3 2 21 3 Offset circle characteristics The operate decision is based on offset circle characteristics The calculated R1 and X1 ϖL1 co ordinate values define six points on the complex impedance plane for the six possible measuring loops These impedances are the positive sequence impedances The protection compares these points with the offset...

Page 113: ...ttings decide the size and the position of the circle Optionally the center of the circle can be the origin of the impedance plane or the circle can be shifted along an impedance lime The possibilities are shown in figures below o Off o NoCompound o FWCompound o BWCompound ...

Page 114: ... manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 114 211 Figure 3 66 The offset characteristic If a measured impedance point is inside the circle the algorithm generates the true value of the related output binary signal ...

Page 115: ...racteristics This procedure is shown schematically in the figure below The procedure is processed for each line to ground loop and for each line to line loop The result is the setting of 6 status variables This indicates that the calculated impedance is within the processed offset circle characteristics Figure 3 67 Offset characteristics logic Table 3 45 Input impedances for the characteristics lo...

Page 116: ...ue for the faulty loop is inside a polygon If the fault is near the relay location the impedances in the loop containing the faulty phase can also be inside the polygon To ensure selective tripping phase selection is needed This chapter explains the operation of the phase selection logic Table 3 47 Inputs needed to decide start of impedance protection Table 3 48 Binary output signals of the phase ...

Page 117: ...s that if o All three line line loops caused start of the polygon impedance logic and o the currents in all three phases are above the setting limit then a three phase fault is detected and no further check is performed The three phase fault detection resets only if none of the three line to line loops detect fault any longer Figure 3 68 Three phase fault Table 3 49 Output signals for three phase ...

Page 118: ...tests o the start of the polygon impedance logic in loop L1L2 detects the lowest reactance and o OR relation of the following logic gates o No zero sequence current above the limit and no start of the function in another phase to phase loop or o In the presence of a zero sequence current Start of the polygon impedance logic in loops L1 and L2 individually as well or The voltage is small in the fau...

Page 119: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 119 211 In all figures minLL Minimum ZL1L2 ZL2L3 ZL3L1 Figure 3 69 L1L2 fault detection Figure 3 70 L2L3 fault detection ...

Page 120: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 120 211 Figure 3 71 L3L1 fault detection Table 3 52 Output signals for phase to phase start decision of the impedance protection function ...

Page 121: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 121 211 Table 3 53 Input signals for phase to phase start decision of the impedance protection function ...

Page 122: ... L1N o The minimal impedance is measured in loop L1N o No start of the logic in another phase to ground loop o The zero sequence current above the limit o The current in the phase involved is above the setting limit o The minimal impedance of the phase to ground loop is less than the minimal impedance in the phase to phase loops In the figure below minLN Minimum ZL1N ZL2N ZL3N Figure 3 72 L1N faul...

Page 123: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 123 211 Figure 3 74 L3N fault detection in Zone n n 1 5 Table 3 54 LN loop start of the distance protection function ...

Page 124: ...erator protection IED 124 211 Table 3 55 Input signals for the LN loop start decision for the impedance protection function In the figure below is presented the output signal processing principle of the distance protection function ...

Page 125: ...ed in the fault IMP21_Z StL2_GrI o Starting in phase L2 if this phase is involved in the fault IMP21_ZnStL3_GrI o General start if any of the phases is involved in the fault IMP21_Z St_GrI o A trip command is generated after the timer Delay is expired This timer is started if the zone is started and if trip command is required too as it is set using the parameter IMP21_ StOnly_BPar The time delay ...

Page 126: ...minary decisions Table 3 57 The binary output status signals of the current conditions module The current is considered to be sufficient for impedance calculation if it is above the level set by parameter IMP21_Imin_IPar_ To decide the presence or absence of the zero sequence current biased characteristics are applied see figure below The minimal setting current IMP21_IoBase_IPar_ Io Base sens and...

Page 127: ...ion manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 127 211 Figure 3 76 Percentage characteristic for earth fault detection Figure 3 77 The function block of the impedance protection function with offset characteristic ...

Page 128: ... sequence current compensation factor calculated with X values Default setting is 0 00 Zone1 Ro R1 3R1 0 00 5 00 by step of 0 01 The zero sequence current compensation factor calculated with R values Default setting is 0 00 Time delay 0 60000ms by step of 1 Operation time delay Default setting is 500 3 2 22 POLE SLIP 78 OPTION The pole slipping protection function can be applied mainly for synchro...

Page 129: ...ving is opposite to that of the entering location e g Rentering If basically other protections on the network are expected to stop the pole slipping then more than one vector revolution is permitted In this case the number of the revolution can be set higher then 1 and the subsequent revolution is expected within a defined Dead time also set by parameter The duration of the generated trip pulse is...

Page 130: ...eter The duration of the trip signal is set by a parameter Blocking enabling binary input signal can influence the operation 3 2 22 3 Structure of the pole slipping protection Fig 1 1 shows the structure of the pole slipping protection function with quadrilateral characteristic Figure 3 79 Structure of the pole slipping algorithm The inputs are the Fourier components of three phase voltages the Fo...

Page 131: ...calculates the current conditions necessary for the impedance calculation The following description explains the details of the individual components 3 2 22 4 Impedance calculation Z_CALC The impedance protection supplied by Arcteq Ltd continuously measures the impedances in the three line to line measuring loops The calculation is performed in the phase to phase loops based on the line to line vo...

Page 132: ... with the two unknown values R and L so they can be calculated This basic principle is realized in the algorithm by substituting the Fourier fundamental component values of the line to line voltages for u and the difference of the Fourier fundamental components of two phase currents Where R1 is the positive sequence resistance of the line or cable section between the fault location and the relay l...

Page 133: ...he Fourier components of three phase voltages the Fourier components of three phase currents parameters The outputs are the calculated positive sequence impedances R jX of the three measuring loops Impedances of the three phase to phase loops The calculated impedances of the Z_CALC module Table 3 60 The measured calculated values of the Z_CALC module Calculated value Dim Explanation RL1L2 j XL1L2 ...

Page 134: ...omplex impedance plane These impedances are the positive sequence impedances The protection compares these points with the quadrilateral characteristics of the pole slip protection shown in Figure 3 81 Parameter settings decide the size and the position of the rectangle The parameters are R forward X forward R backward X backward Figure 3 81 The quadrilateral characteristic If the measured impedan...

Page 135: ...2 Principal scheme of the Quadrilateral characteristic decision Input values The input values are calculated by the module Z_CALC Table 3 61The input calculated impedances of the Quadrilateral characteristics module Calculated value Dim Explanation RL1L2 j XL1L2 ohm Calculated impedance in the fault loop L1L2 RL2L3 j XL2L3 ohm Calculated impedance in the fault loop L2L3 RL3L1 j XL3L1 ohm Calculate...

Page 136: ... 150 00 ohm by step of 0 01 ohm X setting of the impedance characteristics in forward direction R backward 0 10 150 00 ohm by step of 0 01 ohm R setting of the impedance characteristics in backward direction X backward 0 10 150 00 ohm by step of 0 01 ohm X setting of the impedance characteristics in backward direction 3 2 22 6 The trip logic TRIP LOGIC and timing Parameter Setting value range and ...

Page 137: ... Explanation Start Start signal of the function Trip Trip command of the function Binary status signal Explanation Block Blocking of the pole slipping function 3 2 22 7 The current conditions of the pole slip function The pole slip protection function can operate only if the positive sequence current component is above a certain value defined for by a parameter value A further condition of the ope...

Page 138: ...n Block Blocking of the pole slipping function 3 2 23 LOSS OF EXCITATION 40 The loss of excitation protection function can be applied mainly for synchronous generators On loss of excitation the flux decreases and the reactive current demand increases relatively slowly At the end high reactive current flows from the power system into the machine To protect the stator coils from the harmful effects ...

Page 139: ...rcles and additionally the delay times can be set independently The main features of the loss of excitation protection function are as follows A full scheme system provides continuous measurement of impedances separately in three independent phase to phase measuring loops Impedance calculation is conditional on the values of phase currents being sufficient The operate decision is based on offset c...

Page 140: ...n for all three measuring loops if the impedance is within the offset circle TRIP LOGIC is the algorithm to decide to generate the trip command I_COND calculates the current conditions necessary for the impedance calculation 3 2 23 2 Impedance calculation The loss of excitation protection continuously measures the impedances in the three line to line measuring loops The calculation is performed in...

Page 141: ...ed in the algorithm by substituting the Fourier fundamental component values of the line to line voltages for u and the difference of the Fourier fundamental components of two phase currents R1 Positive sequence resistance of the measuring loop L1 Is the positive sequence inductance of the measuring loop L1 L2 L3 indicate the three phases The applied numerical method is solving the differential eq...

Page 142: ...ase phase loops The calculated values of the Z_CALC module Z_CALC includes three practically identical software modules for impedance calculation The three routines for the phase to phase loops get line to line voltages calculated from the sampled phase voltages and they get differences of the phase currents 3 2 23 3 Characteristics of loss of excitation protection function OFFSET CIRCLE The opera...

Page 143: ...ive R and negative X quadrant of the impedance plane The R offset and X offset values are defined to be positive in this quadrant Figure 3 86 Offset characteristics If a measured impedance point is inside the circle the algorithm generates the true value of the related output binary signal The calculated impedance values are compared one by one with the setting values of the offset circle characte...

Page 144: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 144 211 Figure 3 87 Principal scheme of the offset circle module Input values The input values are calculated by the module Z_CALC Output values ...

Page 145: ...y inputs Binary output status signals The binary Input status signals of the trip logic 3 2 23 5 Current conditions for impedance calculation The impedance protection function can operate only if the current is sufficient for impedance calculation This function performs this preliminary decision ...

Page 146: ...ents Default setting is 20 IRes Base Sens 10 50 by step of 1 Minimum current setting for residual current Default setting is 10 IRes bias 5 30 by step of 1 Slope of the percentage characteristic for earth fault detection Default setting is 10 PsImpAng 0 90 deg by step of 1 Positive impedance angle Default setting is 10 OfsImpRch 150 00 150 00 Ohm by step of 0 01 Offset impedance reach Default sett...

Page 147: ... frequency Note the overexcitation protection function is intended to be applied near the generator where the voltage is expected to be pure sinusoidal without any distortion Therefore a continuous integration of the voltage and a simple peak detection algorithm can be applied The effect of high flux values is the symmetrical saturation of the iron core of the generator or that of the unit transfo...

Page 148: ...above the setting value Accordingly the starting delay of the function depends on the frequency if the frequency is low more time is needed to reach the opposite peak value In case of energizing the time to find the first peak depends on the starting phase angle of the sinusoidal flux If the voltage is increased continuously by increasing the excitation of the generator this time delay cannot be m...

Page 149: ...the controller to decrease the excitation If the time delay determined by the parameter values of the selected characteristics expires the function generates a trip command to decrease or to switch off the excitation and the generator Definite time characteristics Operate time Figure 3 89 Overexcitation independent time characteristic Reset time ...

Page 150: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 150 211 ...

Page 151: ...D 151 211 Figure 3 90 IEEE standard dependent time characteristics The maximum delay time is limited by the parameter VPH24_MaxDel_TPar_ Max Time Delay This time delay is valid if the flux is above the preset value VPH24_EmaxCont_IPar_ Start U f LowSet ...

Page 152: ...e when S G 0 95 G then the calculated flux value decreases linearly to zero The time to reach zero is defined by the parameter VPH24_CoolDel_TPar_ Cooling Time 3 2 24 2 Analogue input of the function Overexcitation is a typically symmetrical phenomenon There are other dedicated protection functions against asymmetry Accordingly the processing of a single voltage is sufficient In a network with iso...

Page 153: ...zation branch of the transformer s equivalent circuit Thus the calculated flux cannot be less then the real flux value The protection operates with increased security 3 2 24 3 Structure of the overexcitation protection function Figure below shows the structure of the overexcitation protection VPH24 algorithm Figure 3 92 Structure of overexcitation protection function The inputs are The sampled val...

Page 154: ...ipal scheme of the flux calculation The inputs are the sampled values of a line to line voltage ULL The output is the magnitude of the flux FluxMagn internal signal Characteristics This module calculates the required time delay based on the magnitude of the flux and the parameter settings Decision logic The decision logic module combines the status signals to generate the trip command of the funct...

Page 155: ...struction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 155 211 Figure 3 94 Logic scheme of volts per herz function Binary status signals Figure 3 95 The function block of the overexcitation protection function ...

Page 156: ...he fault current drops below the pre defined normal level If not then an additional trip command must be generated for all backup circuit breakers to clear the fault At the same time if required a repeated trip command can be generated to the circuit breaker s which are expected to open The breaker failure protection function can be applied to perform this task The starting signal of the breaker f...

Page 157: ...rated parameter Retrip must be set to On In this case at the end of the timer s the delay of which is set by the timer parameter Retrip Time Delay a repeated trip command is also generated The pulse duration of the trip command is shall the time defined by setting the parameter Pulse length The breaker failure protection function can be enabled or disabled by setting the parameter Operation to Off...

Page 158: ...ction s The inrush current detection function block analyses the second harmonic content of the current related to the fundamental harmonic If the content is high then the assigned status signal is set to true value If the duration of the active status is at least 25 ms then the resetting of the status signal is delayed by an additional 15 ms Inrush current detection is applied to residual current...

Page 159: ...s received There are some setting errors such as the rated frequency setting does not correspond to the measured frequency mismatch in vector group setting in case of transformer with three voltage levels etc Wrong phase voltage v s line to line voltage assignment No frequency source is assigned for frequency related functions The device is switched off from normal mode to Blocked or Test or Off m...

Page 160: ...e device can be toggled From the local front panel touch screen of the device The Local Remote selection can be extended using the Common function block There is possibility to apply up to 4 groups the Local Remote states of which can be set separately These additional signals are programmed by the user with the help of the graphic logic editor 4 AckButton output of the common function block gener...

Page 161: ... The binary input status of the common function block Table 3 69 The binary input status of the common function block The Common function block has a single Boolean parameter The role of this parameter is to enable or disable the external setting of the Local Remote state ...

Page 162: ...dard for the Trip logic logical node This simplified software module can be applied if only three phase trip commands are required that is phase selectivity is not applied The function receives the trip requirements of the protective functions implemented in the device and combines the binary signals and parameters to the outputs of the device Figure 3 1 Operation logic of the trip logic function ...

Page 163: ...heir individual trip logic blocks for high voltage side and low voltage side After connecting the trip signals into trip logic block the activation of trip contacts have to be assigned The trip assignment is done in Software configuration Trip signals Trip assignment Figure 3 3 Trip logic block 1 has been assigned as HV side trip to activate trip contact E02 Trip logic block 2 has been assigned as...

Page 164: ...Parameter Setting value range and step Description Operation On Off Operating mode selection for the function Operation can be either disabled Off or enabled On Default setting is enabled Min pulse length 50 60000 ms by step of 1 ms Minimum duration of the generated tripping impulse Default setting is 150 ms Table 3 72 Setting parameters of the trip logic function Parameter Setting value range and...

Page 165: ...state all three phase voltages are above the voltage setting value Dead line detection function is used in the voltage transformer supervision function also as an additional condition In the figure below is presented the operating logic of the dead line detection function DLD_StUL3_GrI_ Dead line Detection UL2Four UL1Four UL3Four IL2Four IL1Four IL3Four Parameters DLD_StUL2_GrI_ DLD_StUL1_GrI_ DLD...

Page 166: ...Start UL1 The voltage of phase L1 is above the setting limit DLD_StUL2_GrI_ Start UL2 The voltage of phase L2 is above the setting limit DLD_StUL3_GrI_ Start UL3 The voltage of phase L3 is above the setting limit DLD_StIL1_GrI_ Start IL1 The current of phase L1 is above the setting limit DLD_StIL2_GrI_ Start IL2 The current of phase L2 is above the setting limit DLD_StIL3_GrI_ Start IL3 The curren...

Page 167: ...y circuit This signal can serve for example a warning indicating disturbances in the measurement or it can disable the operation of the distance protection function if appropriate measured voltage signals are not available for a distance decision The voltage transformer supervision function is designed to detect faulty asymmetrical states of the voltage transformer circuit caused for example by a ...

Page 168: ...ditions specified by the selected mode of operation are fulfilled then the voltage transformer supervision function is triggered and the operation signal is generated When the conditions for operation are no longer fulfilled the resetting of the function depends on the mode of operation of the primary circuit If the Live line state is valid then the function resets after approx 200 ms of time dela...

Page 169: ...s UL2 UL3 Fourier Negative Sequence Zero Sequence IL1 IL2 IL3 Fourier Negative Sequence Zero Sequence Dead Line Detection Preparation DLD Figure 3 100 Operation logic of the voltage transformer supervision and dead line detection The voltage transformer supervision logic operates through decision logic presented in the following figure ...

Page 170: ... voltage transformer supervision function the Dead line detection function must be operable as well it must be enabled by binary parameter 1 1 1 2 The symbol of the function block in the AQtivate 300 software The function block of voltage transformer supervision function is shown in figure below This block shows all binary input and output status signals that are applicable in the graphic equation...

Page 171: ...d with negative sequence criterion Start URes 5 50 by step of 1 Residual voltage setting limit Default setting is 30 Start IRes 10 50 by step of 1 Residual current setting limit Default setting is 10 Start UNeg 5 50 by step of 1 Negative sequence voltage setting limit Default setting is 10 Start INeg 10 50 by step of 1 Negative sequence current setting limit Default setting is 10 3 3 5 CURRENT TRA...

Page 172: ...pervision function Binary status signal Title Explanation CTSuperV_CtFail_GrI_ CtFail CT failure signal Table 3 80 The binary output status signals of the current transformer supervision function Table 3 81 Setting parameters of the current transformer supervision function Parameter Setting value range and step Description Operation On Off Operating mode selection for the function Operation can be...

Page 173: ...ltage swell Voltage interruption when the RMS value of the measured voltage is below a minimum level specified by a parameter For the evaluation the duration of the voltage interruption should be between a minimum and a maximum time value defined by parameters Figure 3 106 Voltage interruption Sag and swell detection Voltage sag is detected if any of the three phase to phase voltages falls to a va...

Page 174: ...terruption is detected if all three phase to phase voltages fall to a value below the Interruption Limit setting In this state the binary output Interruption is activated The signal resets if any of the three phase to phase voltages rises above the Interruption limit or if the time Maximum duration elapses No counter is assigned to this state The inputs of the sag and swell detection function are ...

Page 175: ...ng The duration of the latest detected short time voltage variation Binary signals o Swell o Sag o Interruption Timer values o Sag counter o Swell counter Figure 3 107 Sag and swell monitoring window in the AQtivate setting tool The sag and swell detection algorithm offers event recording which can be displayed in the Event list window of the user interface software ...

Page 176: ... and binary status signals These signals are user configurable The disturbance recorder function has a binary input signal which serves the purpose of starting the function The conditions of starting are defined by the user The disturbance recorder function keeps on recording during the active state of this signal but the total recording time is limited by the timer parameter setting The pre fault...

Page 177: ...re stored in the file dat Plain text comments can be written in the file inf The procedure for downloading the records includes a downloading of a single compressed zip file Downloading can be initiated from a web browser tool or from the software tools This procedure assures that the three component files cfg dat and inf are stored in the same location The evaluation can be performed using any CO...

Page 178: ...setting is 1000 ms 3 3 8 EVENT RECORDER The events of the device and those of the protection functions are recorded with a time stamp of 1 ms time resolution This information with indication of the generating function can be checked on the touch screen of the device in the Events page or using an Internet browser of a connected computer Table 3 85 List of events Event Explanation Voltage transform...

Page 179: ...eneral Start General Start General Trip General Trip Current unbalance protection function 2 Harm Restraint Second harmonic restraint Definite time overvoltage protection function TOV59 Low Start L1 Low setting stage start signal in phase L1 Low Start L2 Low setting stage start signal in phase L2 Low Start L3 Low setting stage start signal in phase L3 Low General Start Low setting stage general st...

Page 180: ...eneral start signal High General Trip High setting stage general trip command Rate of change of frequency protection function FRC81 Low General Start Low setting stage general start signal Low General Trip Low setting stage general trip command High General Start High setting stage general start signal High General Trip High setting stage general trip command Breaker failure protection function BR...

Page 181: ...Pol Status value Status of the circuit breaker Enable Close Close command is enabled Enable Open Open command is enabled Local Local mode of operation Operation counter Operation counter CB OPCap Disconnector Line Status value Status of the circuit breaker Enable Close Close command is enabled Enable Open Open command is enabled Local Local mode of operation Operation counter Operation counter DC ...

Page 182: ...he Fourier fundamental harmonic voltage component in phase L3 Angle Ch U3 Phase angle of the Fourier fundamental harmonic voltage component in phase L3 Voltage Ch U4 RMS value of the Fourier fundamental harmonic voltage component in Channel U4 Angle Ch U4 Phase angle of the Fourier fundamental harmonic voltage component in Channel U4 CT4 module Current Ch I1 RMS value of the Fourier fundamental ha...

Page 183: ...hase L3 Voltage L1 True RMS value of the voltage in phase L1 Voltage L2 True RMS value of the voltage in phase L2 Voltage L3 True RMS value of the voltage in phase L3 Voltage L12 True RMS value of the voltage between phases L1 L2 Voltage L23 True RMS value of the voltage between phases L2 L3 Voltage L31 True RMS value of the voltage between phases L3 L1 Frequency Frequency 3 3 10 STATUS MONITORING...

Page 184: ...command generated by the frequency related functions Voltage Trip Trip command generated by the voltage related functions I2 Trip Trip command generated by current unbalance protection function Therm Trip Trip command generated by the thermal overload protection Impedance Trip Trip command generated by impedance trip stage Diff Trip Trip command generated by differential protection P Trip Trip com...

Page 185: ...ia or the ports can be either serial fiber optic or RJ 45 or Ethernet fiber optic Communication ports are always in the CPU module of the device The AQ G357 generator protection IED communicates using IEC 61850 IEC 101 IEC 103 IEC 104 Modbus RTU DNP3 0 and SPA protocols For details of each protocol refer to respective interoperability lists For IRIG B time synchronization binary input module O12 c...

Page 186: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 186 211 5 CONNECTIONS 5 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM AQ G397 WITH TYPICAL OPTIONS Figure 5 1 Block diagram of AQ G397 with typical options installed ...

Page 187: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 187 211 5 2 CONNECTION EXAMPLE AQ G357 Figure 5 2 Connection example of AQ G357 generator protection IED ...

Page 188: ...ration of the AQ G357IED For available configurations refer to order code 6 1 CPU MODULE The CPU module contains all the protection control and communication functions of the AQ 3xx device Dual 500 MHz high performance Analog Devices Blackfin processors separates relay functions RDSP from communication and HMI functions CDSP Reliable communication between processors is performed via high speed syn...

Page 189: ...file system initializing user applications such as HMI functions and the IEC61850 software stack The built in 5 port Ethernet switch allows AQ 3xx device to connect to IP Ethernet based networks The following Ethernet ports are available Station bus 100Base FX Ethernet Redundant Station bus 100Base FX Ethernet Process bus 100Base FX Ethernet EOB Ethernet over Board user interface Optional 100Base ...

Page 190: ...d at nominal input voltage with nominal power consumption IED system fault contacts NC and NO device fault contact and also assignable to user functions All the three relay contact points NO NC COM are accessible to users 80V 300VDC input range AC power is also supported Redundant applications which require two independent power supply modules can be ordered optionally On board self supervisory ci...

Page 191: ...mat of the internal circuits This module is also used as an external IRIG B synchronization input Dedicated synchronization input input channel 1 is used for this purpose The binary input modules are Rated input voltage 110 220Vdc Clamp voltage falling 0 75Un rising 0 78Un Digitally filtered per channel Current drain approx 2 mA per channel 12 inputs IRIG B timing and synchronization input ...

Page 192: ...NALING The signaling output modules can be ordered as 8 relay outputs with dry contacts As a standard the AQ G357IED is applied with 7 NO and 1 NC relay outputs modules in slot E Rated voltage 250 V AC DC Continuous carry 8 A Breaking capacity L R 40ms at 220 V DC 0 2 A 8 contacts 7 NO and 1 NC ...

Page 193: ...eaker The module provides fast operation and is rated for heavy duty controlling The main characteristics of the trip module 4 independent tripping circuits High speed operation Rated voltage 110V 220V DC Continuous carry 8 A Making capacity 0 5s 30 A Breaking capacity L R 40ms at 220 VDC 4A Trip circuit supervision for each trip contact ...

Page 194: ...measurement module can be ordered with reduced burden in channel VT4 In this module the burden is 50 mVA The main characteristics of the voltage measurement module Number of channels 4 Rated frequency 50Hz 60Hz Selectable rated voltage Un 100 3 100V 200 3 200V by parameter Voltage measuring range 0 05 Un 1 2 Un Continuous voltage withstand 250 V Power consumption of voltage input 1 VA at 200V with...

Page 195: ... the input can be selected with a software parameter either 1 A or 5 A Table 6 1 Connector allocation of the current measurement module I Number of channels 4 Rated frequency 50Hz 60Hz Electronic iron core flux compensation Low consumption 0 1 VA at rated current Current measuring range 35 x In Selectable rated current 1A 5A by parameter Thermal withstand 20 A continuously o 500 A for 1 s o 1200 A...

Page 196: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 196 211 6 8 INSTALLATION AND DIMENSIONS Figure 6 3 Dimensions of AQ 35x IED ...

Page 197: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 197 211 Figure 6 4 Panel cut out and spacing of AQ 35x IED ...

Page 198: ...p current inaccuracy 2 Reset ratio 0 95 Operate time at 2 In Peak value calculation Fourier calculation 15 ms 25 ms Reset time 16 25 ms Transient overreach Peak value calculation Fourier calculation 80 2 Three phase time overcurrent protection I I 50 51 Pick up current inaccuracy 2 Operation time inaccuracy 5 or 15ms Reset ratio 0 95 Minimum operating time with IDMT 35ms Reset time Approx 35ms Tra...

Page 199: ...overreach Peak value calculation Fourier calculation 80 2 Residual time overcurrent protection I0 I0 51N Pick up current inaccuracy 2 Operation time inaccuracy 5 or 15ms Reset ratio 0 95 Minimum operating time with IDMT 35ms Reset time Approx 35ms Transient overreach 2 Pickup time 25 30ms Voltage restrained or controlled overucrrent protection Iv 51V Pick up current inaccuracy 2 Operation time ina...

Page 200: ...vercurrent protection function I0Dir I0Dir 67N Pick up current inaccuracy 2 Operation time inaccuracy 5 or 15ms Reset ratio 0 95 Minimum operating time with IDMT 35ms Reset time Approx 35ms Transient overreach 2 Pickup time 25 30ms Angular inaccuracy 3 7 1 3 VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Overvoltage protection function U U 59 Pick up starting inaccuracy 0 5 Reset time U Un U 0 50 ms 40 ms Operation...

Page 201: ... Effective range inaccuracy 2mHz Minimum operating time 100ms Operation time inaccuracy 10ms Reset ratio 0 99 Underfrequency protection function f f 81U Operating range 40 60 Hz Operating range inaccuracy 30mHz Effective range inaccuracy 2mHz Minimum operating time 100ms Operation time inaccuracy 10ms Reset ratio 0 99 Rate of change of frequency protection function df dt df dt 81R Effective operat...

Page 202: ...ned Reset time Typically 25ms Current unbalance protection function 60 Pick up starting inaccuracy at In 2 Reset ratio 0 95 Operate time 70 ms Thermal overload protection function T 49 Operation time inaccuracy at I 1 2 Itrip 3 or 20ms Breaker failure protection function CBFP 50BF Current inaccuracy 2 Re trip time Approx 15ms Operation time inaccuracy 5ms Current reset time 20ms Inrush current det...

Page 203: ...0 1 200 Ohm 0 1 40 Ohm Zone static inaccuracy 48 52Hz 49 5 50 5Hz 5 2 Zone angular inaccuracy 3 Operate time Typically 25ms Operate time inaccuracy 3 or 15ms Minimum operate time 20ms Reset time 16 25ms Reset ratio 1 1 Loss of field protection function X 40Z Current effective range 20 2000 of In Voltage effective range 2 110 of Un Impedance effective range In 1A In 5A 0 1 200 Ohm 0 1 40 Ohm Impeda...

Page 204: ...0 Ohm 0 1 40 Ohm 5 Zone static accuracy 48Hz 52Hz 49 5 50 5Hz 5 2 Operate time Typically 25ms 3 ms Minimum operate time 20ms Reset time 16 25ms Overexcitation volts per hertz protection V Hz 24 Frequency range 10 70Hz Voltage range 10 170V secondary Voltage measurement inaccuracy 1 0 5 1 2xUn Frequency measurement inaccuracy 1 0 8 1 2xfn Reverse power directional overpower protection 32 Effective ...

Page 205: ...y at In 2 Minimum operation time 70ms Reset ratio 0 95 Sag and swell Voltage variation Voltage measurement inaccuracy 1 of Un Timer inaccuracy 2 of setting value or 20ms 7 3 CONTROL FUNCTIONS Synchrocheck function du df 25 Rated voltage Un 100 200V setting parameter Voltage effective range 10 110 of Un Voltage inaccuracy 1 of Un Frequency effective range 47 5 52 5 Hz Frequency inaccuracy 10mHz Pha...

Page 206: ...n Burden 0 1VA at rated current Thermal withstand 20A continuous 500A for 1s 1200A for 10ms Current measurement range 0 50xIn 7 4 3 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT MODULE Rated voltage Un 100 3 100V 200 3 200V parameter settable Number of channels per module 4 Rated frequency 50Hz 60Hz ordering option Burden 1VA at 200V Voltage withstand 250V continuous Voltage measurement range 0 05 1 2xUn 7 4 4 HIGH SPEED T...

Page 207: ...n 250Vac dc Number of outputs per module 7 NO 1 NC Continuous carry 8A Breaking capacity 0 2A L R 40ms 220Vdc 7 4 6 BINARY INPUT MODULE Rated voltage Un 110 or 220Vdc ordering option Number of inputs per module 12 in groups of 3 Current drain approx 2mA per channel Breaking capacity 0 2A L R 40ms 220Vdc ...

Page 208: ... 4kV 5 50ns other inputs and outputs 4kV 5 50ns Surge According to EN61000 4 5 09 96 level 4 Between wires 2 kV 1 2 50μs Between wire and earth 4 kV 1 2 50μs RF electromagnetic field test According to EN 61000 4 3 class III f 80 1000 MHz 10V m Conducted RF field According to EN 61000 4 6 class III f 150 kHz 80 MHz 10V 7 5 2 VOLTAGE TESTS Insulation test voltage acc to IEC 60255 5 2 kV 50Hz 1min Im...

Page 209: ...Instruction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 209 211 7 5 5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Specified ambient service temp range 10 55 C Transport and storage temp range 40 70 C ...

Page 210: ...struction manual AQ G3x7 Generator protection IED 210 211 8 ORDERING INFORMATION Visit https configurator arcteq fi to build a hardware configuration define an ordering code and get a module layout image ...

Page 211: ...cturer information Arcteq Ltd Finland Visiting and postal address Wolffintie 36 F 11 65200 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone general and commercial issues office hours GMT 2 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 url www arcteq fi email sales sales arcteq fi email technical support support arcteq fi ...

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