Arcteq AQ-C255 Instruction Manual Download Page 320

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5.5.3 Total harmonic distortion (THD)

The total harmonic distortion (THD) function is used for monitoring the content of the current harmonic.

The THD is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present, and it is defined as the ratio between

the sum of all harmonic components' powers and the power of the fundamental frequency (RMS).

Harmonics can be caused by different sources in electric networks such as electric machine drives,

thyristor controls, etc. The function's monitoring of the currents can be used to alarm of the harmonic

content rising too high; this can occur when there is an electric quality requirement in the protected

unit, or when the harmonics generated by the process need to be monitored.

The function constantly measures the phase and residual current magnitudes as well as the harmonic
content of the monitored signals up to the 31

harmonic component. When the function is activated,

the measurements are also available for the mimic and the measurement views in the HMI carousel.

The user can also set the alarming limits for each measured channel if the application so requires.

The monitoring of the measured signals can be selected to be based either on an amplitude ratio or on

the above-mentioned power ratio. The difference is in the calculation formula (as shown below):

Figure. 5.5.3 - 166. THD calculation formulas.

While both of these formulas exist, the power ratio (

THD

) is recognized by the IEEE, and the amplitude

ratio (

THD

) is recognized by the IEC.

The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function

during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the

function is running. This only applies if the alarming is activated.

The outputs of the function are the START and ALARM ACT signals for the phase current ("THDPH")

and the residual currents ("THDI01" and "THDI02") as well as BLOCKED signals. The function uses a

total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source.

The operational logic consists of the following:

• input magnitude processing
• threshold comparator
• block signal chec
• time delay characteristics
• output processing.

The inputs of the function are the following:

• setting parameters
• digital inputs and logic signals
• measured and pre-processed current magnitudes

Q-C255

-C255

Instruction manual

Version: 2.06

318

Summary of Contents for AQ-C255

Page 1: ...AQ C255 Capacitor bank protection IED Instruction manual ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...e sequence overcurrent phase current reversal current unbalance protection I2 46 46R 46L 120 5 3 9 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H 125 5 3 10 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF 52BF 133 5 3 11 Low impedance or high impedance restricted earth fault cable end differential protection I0d 87N 148 5 3 12 Overvoltage protection U 59 157 5 3 13 Undervoltage protection U 27 164 5 ...

Page 4: ...2 362 8 1 Construction 362 8 2 CPU module 365 8 3 Current measurement module 367 8 4 Voltage measurement module 368 8 5 Digital input module optional 369 8 6 Digital output module optional 372 8 7 Point sensor arc protection module optional 373 8 8 RTD input module optional 374 8 9 Serial RS 232 communication module optional 375 8 10 LC or RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module optional 376 8...

Page 5: ...2 1 13 Sequence voltage protection U1 U2 47 27P 59NP 403 9 2 1 14 Overfrequency and underfrequency protection f 81O 81U 404 9 2 1 15 Rate of change of frequency protection df dt 81R 404 9 2 1 16 Line thermal overload protection TF 49F 405 9 2 1 17 Overpower P 32O underpower P 32U and reverse power Pr 32R protection 406 9 2 1 18 Power protection P Q S 32 406 9 2 1 19 Non directional undercurrent pr...

Page 6: ...he warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements Furthermore the manufacturer shall not be liable for possible errors in this document Please note that yo...

Page 8: ...drawing application example drawing with function block diagram and application example with wiring Revision 2 01 Date 6 11 2019 Changes Added description for LED test and button test Added display sleep timer description Complete rewrite of every chapter Improvements to many drawings and formula images Order codes revised Revision 2 02 Date 7 7 2020 Changes First revision of AQ C255 Added chapter...

Page 9: ...s to 100 mHz s Changed disturbance recorder maximum digital channel amount from 32 to 95 Added residual current coarse and fine measurement data to disturbance recorder description Event read mode parameter added to Modbus description HSO1 and HSO2 connection swapped in arc protection card was way wrong before Updated I01 and I02 rated current range Added inches to Dimensions and installation chap...

Page 10: ... functions On Blocked Test Test Blocked Off Added color themes parameter description Improved color sleep mode description Improved alarm function color behavior description and images Added operation time with different measurement values vs setting ratio in instant operation mode to non directional overcurrent function description Fixed bias calculation formula for restricted earth fault functio...

Page 11: ...ent transformer supervision DG Distributed generation DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DI Digital input DO Digital output DOL Direct on line DR Disturbance recorder DT Definite time FF Fundamental frequency FFT Fast Fourier transform FTP File Transfer Protocol GI General interrogation HMI Human machine interface HR Holding register HV High voltage HW Hardware IDMT Inverse definite minimum ...

Page 12: ...MS Root mean square RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RTD Resistance temperature detector RTU Remote terminal unit SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition SG Setting group SOTF Switch on to fault SW Software THD Total harmonic distortion TRMS True root mean square VT Voltage transformer VTM Voltage transformer module VTS Voltage transformer supervision A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Ve...

Page 13: ...re determines the available functions There are up to eleven 11 option card slots available for additional I O or communication cards for more comprehensive monitoring and control applications This manual describes the specific application of the AQ C255 capacitor bank protection IED For other AQ 200 series products please consult their respective device manuals A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual...

Page 14: ... with programmable legend texts 3 Three 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with the Ctrl Ctrl button and control the breaker or other object with the I I and the O O buttons 4 The L R L R button switches between the local and the remote control modes 5 Eight 8 buttons for IED local programming the four navigation arrows the Back Back and the OK OK buttons the Home Home and the...

Page 15: ...button test menu It displays all the physical buttons on the front panel Pressing any of the listed buttons marks them as tested When all buttons are marked as having been tested the device will return back to the default view 4 2 Configuring user levels and their passwords As a factory default no user level is locked with a password in an IED In order to activate the different user levels click t...

Page 16: ...levels are divided as follows User Can view any menus and settings but cannot change any settings nor operate breakers or other equipment Operator Can view any menus and settings but cannot change any settings BUT can operate breakers and other equipment Configurator Can change most settings such as basic protection pick up levels or time delays breaker control functions signal descriptions etc an...

Page 17: ...n directional earth fault protection DEF 4 I0dir I0dir I0dir I0dir 67N 32N Directional earth fault protection CUB 4 I2 I2 I2 I2 46 46R 46L Negative sequence overcurrent phase current reversal current unbalance protection HOC 4 Ih Ih Ih Ih 50H 51H 68H Harmonic overcurrent protection The detection and blocking or tripping based on a selectable harmonic The phase currents and the residual currents ha...

Page 18: ...otection RTD 1 Resistance temperature detector PGS 1 PGx 99 Programmable stage ARC 1 Iarc I0arc 50Arc 50NArc Arc fault protection optional Table 5 1 3 Control functions of AQ C255 Name IEC ANSI Description SGS Setting group selection OBJ Object control and monitoring 10 objects available CIN Indicator object monitoring 10 indicators available CLPU CLPU Cold load pick up SOTF SOTF Switch on to faul...

Page 19: ...are processed into the measurement database and they are used by measurement and protection functions It is essential to understand the concept of current measurements to be able to get correct measurements Figure 5 2 1 2 Current measurement terminology P PRI RI The primary current i e the current which flows in the primary circuit and through the primary side of the current transformer A AQ Q C25...

Page 20: ...as some relays still require manual calculations for the correct settings however setting the motors nominal current makes motor protection much easier and more straightforward In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the current transformer s primary current secondary current and motor nominal current are set Normally the primary current ratings for phase cur...

Page 21: ...chosen to be the basis for the per unit scaling the option CT nom p u is selected for the Scale meas to In setting see the image below Figure 5 2 1 4 Setting the phase current transformer scalings to CT nominal Once the setting have been sent to the device relay calculates the scaling factors and displays them for the user The CT scaling factor P S describes the ratio between the primary current a...

Page 22: ... ratio between the nominal current and the CT scaling factor P S Residual I0 CT scaling Next we set the residual IO CT scalings according to how the phase current CTs and the ring core CT are connected to the module see the Connections image at the beginning of this chapter The phase current CTs are connected to the module via a Holmgren summing connection which requires the use of coarse residual...

Page 23: ...s them when the protected object s nominal current is the basis for the scaling Figure 5 2 1 8 Scalings display based on the CT nominal Figure 5 2 1 9 Scalings display based on the protected object s nominal current As the images above show the scaling selection does not affect how primary and secondary currents are displayed as actual values The only effect is that the per unit system in the rela...

Page 24: ...condary circuit may generate dangerously high voltages A buzzing sound from the connector can indicate an open circuit Problem Solution The measured current amplitude in all phases does not match the injected current The scaling settings may be wrong check that the settings match with the connected current transformer Measurement Transformers Phase CT scaling Also check that the Scale meas to In i...

Page 25: ...surement Phasors and check the Phase current vectors diagram When all connections are correct the diagram symmetric feeding should look like this See the following tables for the most common problems with phase polarity and network rotation mixed phases The following image presents the most common problems with phase polarity Problems with phase polarity are easy to find because the vector diagram...

Page 26: ...problems can be difficult to find because the measurement result is always the same in the relay If two phases are mixed together the network rotation always follows the pattern IL1 IL3 IL2 and the measured negative sequence current is therefore always 1 00 in p u A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 24 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 27: ...IL2 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 The selection of the second current measurement channel s IL2 polarity direction The default setting is for the positive current to flow from connector 3 to connector 4 with the secondary currents starpoint pointing towards the line IL3 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 The selection of the third current measurement channel s IL3 polarity direction The default setting is for the posi...

Page 28: ...flow from connector 9 to connector 10 CT scaling factor P S A relay feedback value the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio between the primary current and the secondary current Measurements The following measurements are available in the measured current channels Table 5 2 1 9 Per unit phase current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Phase current ILx Pha curr ILx In 0 000 1250 ...

Page 29: ...up to 31st measurement in p u from the residual current channel I01 or I02 Peak to peak current I0x P P curr I0x In 0 00 500 00 0 01 The peak to peak current measurement in p u from the residual current channel I01 or I02 Table 5 2 1 14 Primary residual current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Primary residual current I0x Pri Res curr I0x A 0 00 1000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS current...

Page 30: ... current Table 5 2 1 18 Primary sequence current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Primary positive sequence current Pri Positivesequence curr A 0 00 1000000 00 0 01 The primary measurement from the calculated positive sequence current Primary negative sequence current Pri Negative sequence curr A 0 00 1000000 00 0 01 The primary measurement from the calculated negative sequence curren...

Page 31: ... values as primary current values or as secondary current values Maximum harmonics value Ixx maximum harmonic A 0 00 100000 00 0 01 Displays the maximum harmonics value of the selected current input ILx or I0x Fundamental frequency Ixx fundamental A 0 00 100000 00 0 01 Displays the current value of the fundamental frequency RMS from the selected current input ILx or I0x Ixx harmonics 2nd 31st harm...

Page 32: ... to neutral voltage When connecting voltage directly measuring mode must be set to 3LN U4 mode The rated primary and secondary voltages of the VT need to be set for the relay to know the primary and per unit values In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the voltage transformer s primary and secondary voltages are set Normally the primary line to line voltage...

Page 33: ...ase wiring is incorrect all polarities can be individually switched by 180 degrees in the relay If the protection is voltage based the supervised voltage can be based either on line to line voltages or on line to earth voltages This selection is defined in the Measured magnitude of each protection stage menu separately Protection Voltage protection stage menu INFO see the image below The number of...

Page 34: ...age menu Settings Fault loops are either line to line or line to neutral according to the Measured magnitude setting As a default the activation of any one voltage trips the voltage protection stage Figure 5 2 2 16 Selecting the operating mode There are several different ways to use all four voltage channels The voltage measurement modes are the following 3LN U4 three line to neutral voltages and ...

Page 35: ...e note that U0 can only be measured by using a single channel In the image below is an example of 2LL U0 SS that is two line to line measurements with the zero sequence voltage and voltage from side 2 for Synchrocheck Since U0 is available line to neutral voltages can be calculated Figure 5 2 2 18 2LL U0 SS settings and connections The image collection below presents the relay s behavior when nomi...

Page 36: ...oubleshooting When the measured voltage values differ from the expected voltage values the following table offers possible solutions for the problems Problem Check Resolution The measured voltage amplitude in all phases does not match the injected voltage The scaling settings or the voltage measurement mode may be wrong check that the settings match with the connected voltage transformer Measureme...

Page 37: ...de U0 or SS 0 Not Used 1 U0 2 SS 0 Not Used The voltage channel U4 can be used to measure zero sequence voltage U0 or the Synchrocheck voltage SS If neither is needed the default option Not Used should be active U0 U4 Measured from 0 Broken Delta 1 Neutral point 2 Open delta 0 Broken delta Defines how the secondary voltage is scaled to the primary Does not affect how protection operates it only af...

Page 38: ...ling factor for the primary voltage s per unit value VT scaling factor p u Sec A relay feedback value the scaling factor for the secondary voltage s per unit value U3 VT scaling factor P S U0 SS A relay feedback value the scaling factor that is the ratio between the U3 channel s primary and secondary voltages This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected U3 scaling factor p u Pri A ...

Page 39: ... Un 0 00 500 0 0 01 The measurement in p u from the calculated negative sequence voltage Zero sequence voltage Zero seq Volt p u Un 0 00 500 0 0 01 The measurement in p u from the calculated zero sequence voltage Table 5 2 2 28 Primary sequence voltage measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Primary positive sequence voltage Pos seq Volt pri V 0 00 1000000 00 0 01 The primary measurement fro...

Page 40: ...this is kV System voltage magnitude UL23 System volt UL23 mag V 0 00 1000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS line to line UL23 voltage measured or calculated You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV System voltage magnitude UL31 System volt UL31 mag V 0 00 1000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS line to line UL31 voltage measured or calculated You can also select the row where the unit for this i...

Page 41: ...2 2 32 Primary system voltage angles Name Unit Range Step Description System voltage angle UL12 System volt UL12 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to line angle UL12 measured or calculated System voltage angle UL23 System volt UL23 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to line angle UL23 measured or calculated System voltage angle UL31 System volt UL31 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary...

Page 42: ...harmonics 2nd 31st harmonic V 0 00 100000 00 0 01 Displays the selected harmonic from the voltage input Ux 5 2 3 Power and energy calculation The relays that are equipped with both a voltage and a current measurement card can calculate power and can therefore have power based protection and monitoring functions the number of available functions depends of the relay type In addition to power calcul...

Page 43: ...rection The direction of active power can be indicated with the power factor Cos φ or Cosine phi which is calculated according the following formula The direction of reactive power is divided into four quadrants Reactive power may be inductive or capacitive on both forward and reverse directions Reactive power quadrant can be indicated with Tan φ tangent phi which is calculated according the follo...

Page 44: ...s φ and tan φ are calculated in the same way as in the line to neutral mode Troubleshooting Check the Troubleshooting section in chapters Current measurement and scaling and Voltage measurement and scaling for more information Most power and energy measurement problems are usually related to the same issues i e wiring errors wrong measurement modes faulty frequency settings etc Settings Table 5 2 ...

Page 45: ...tes what the power VA quadrant is at that moment Reset energy calculators Reset 3ph Energies 0 1 Reset 0 Resets the memory of the three phase energy calculators Goes automatically back to the state after the reset is finished Phase active energy measurement 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables disables the active energy per phase measurement Phase reactive energy measurement 0 Disabled 1 Enable...

Page 46: ... cards are available Table 5 2 3 37 Three phase power calculations Name Unit Range Step Description 3PH Apparent power S kVA 1x106 1x106 0 01 The total three phase apparent power in kilo volt ampere 3PH Active power P kW 1x106 1x106 0 01 The total three phase active power in kilowatts 3PH Reactive power Q kVar 1x106 1x106 0 01 The total three phase reactive power in kilovars 3PH Apparent power S M...

Page 47: ...exported Imported Q while Export P kVarh or MVarh 999 999 995 904 00 999 999 995 904 00 0 01 Total amount of imported reactive energy while active energy is exported Reactive energy Q balance while export P kVarh or MVarh 999 999 995 904 00 999 999 995 904 00 0 01 The sum of imported and exported reactive capacitive energy while active power is exported Exported Q while Import P kVarh or MVarh 999...

Page 48: ...mported Imported Q while Import P Lx kVarh or MVarh 1x109 1x109 0 01 The imported reactive energy of the phase while active energy is imported Reactive energy Q balance while Import P Lx kVarh or MVarh 1x109 1x109 0 01 The sum of the phase s imported and exported reactive energy while active energy is imported Apparent Energy S while Export P Lx 1x109 1x109 0 01 The apparent energy of the phase wh...

Page 49: ...3PH Q H Q 0 01 Mvar L1 T L1 Tan an 1 00 L2 T L2 Tan an 0 83 L3 T L3 Tan an 0 11 3P 3PH T H Tan an 0 00 L1 Cos L1 Cos 0 71 L2 Cos L2 Cos 0 77 L3 Cos L3 Cos 0 99 3P 3PH Cos H Cos 0 87 Voltages line to line Currents UL12 100 00 V 30 00 IL1 2 5 A 0 00 UL23 100 00 V 90 00 IL2 2 5 A 120 00 IL3 2 5 A 120 00 Name Values 3PH S 20 00 MVA 3PH P 17 32 MW 3PH Q 0 00 Mvar 3PH Tan 0 00 3PH Cos 0 87 A AQ Q C255 C...

Page 50: ...een achieved by adjusting the sample rate of the measurement channels according to the measured system frequency this way the FFT calculation always has a whole power cycle in the buffer The measurement accuracy is further improved by Arcteq s patented calibration algorithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight 8 system frequency points for both magnitude and angle This frequency depen...

Page 51: ...y tracking quality 0 No trackable channels 1 Reference 1 trackable 2 Reference 2 trackable 3 References 1 2 trackable 4 Reference 3 trackable 5 Reference 1 3 trackable 6 References 2 3 trackable 7 All references trackable Defines the frequency tracker quality If the measured current or voltage amplitude is below the threshold the channel tracking quality is 0 and cannot be used for frequency track...

Page 52: ...t value used by protection functions When frequency is not measurable this value returns to value set to System nominal frequency parameter f atm Display 0 000 75 000Hz 0 001Hz Frequency measurement value used in display When frequency is not measurable this value is 0 Hz f measurement from 0 Not measurable 1 Avg Ref 1 2 Avg Ref 2 3 Avg Ref 3 4 Track Ref 1 5 Track Ref 2 6 Track Ref 3 7 Fast Ref 1 ...

Page 53: ...run in a completely digital environment with a protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transformed into the digital form A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 51 ...

Page 54: ...ntage value before the function takes action The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick up parameter set by the user and the measured magnitude Xm The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Xset value If a function s pick up characteristics vary from this description they are defined in the function section in the manual Figure 5 3 1 25 Pick u...

Page 55: ...ction causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s common and global testing mode is activated The variables users can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach ...

Page 56: ...for the time counter The selection is made between dependent IDMT and independent DT characteristics Definite min operating time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 040s When the Delay type parameter is set to DT this parameter acts as the expected operating time for the protection function When set to 0 s the stage operates instantaneously without any additional delay When the parameter is set to 0 00...

Page 57: ...ly the Param option allows the tuning of the constants A B and C which then allows the setting of characteristics following the same formula as the IEEE curves mentioned here This setting is active and visible when the Delay type parameter is set to IDMT and the Delay curve series parameter is set to IEEE Time dial setting k 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 0 05s Defines the time dial multiplier setting for IDMT...

Page 58: ...ges The setting parameters and their ranges are documented in the chapters of the respective function blocks Table 5 3 1 44 Inverse operating time formulas for nonstandard characteristics RI type RD type Used to get time grading with mechanical relays Mostly used in earth fault protection which grants selective tripping even in non directional protection t Operating delay s k Time dial setting Im ...

Page 59: ...n of the timer Op Time calculation reset after release time 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after a set release time if the pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element is reset Continue time calculation during release time 0...

Page 60: ...ick up release delay counter is reset at signal drop off Figure 5 3 1 31 Delayed pick up release delay counter value is held during the release time A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 58 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 61: ...without injecting any current into the relay with stage forcing To enable Stage forcing set the Enable stage forcing to ENABLED in the General menu After this it is possible to control the status of a protection function Normal Start Trip Blocked etc in the Info page of the function NO NOTE TE When Stage forcing is enabled protection functions will also change state through user input Injected cur...

Page 62: ... in the design of capacitor banks The fuse design affects the unit s failure mode and influences the design of the bank protection The capacitor unit can be externally or internally fused An external fuse protects each capacitor unit whereas an internal fuse protects each individual capacitor element inside the capacitor unit When a capacitor element failure occurs in an internally fused capacitor...

Page 63: ...ne to line voltage With only one series group of units unbalance detection is not required for protection Some larger banks use an H configuration in each phase with a current transformer connecting the two legs to compare the current down each leg When a capacitor fuse operates some current flows through the current transformer This arrangement is used in large banks with many capacitor units von...

Page 64: ... voltages and currents can influence the operation of the unbalance relay unless a power frequency band pass or other appropriate filtering is provided A About the r bout the rela elay opera y operating time ting time The time delay of the unbalance relay trip should be minimized to reduce damage from an arcing fault within the bank s structure as well as to prevent the remaining capacitor units e...

Page 65: ...MT mode The IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The function includes CT saturation checking which allows the function to start and operate accurately during CT saturation The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing saturation check threshold comparator block signal check time delay cha...

Page 66: ...surement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L3 C curr...

Page 67: ...START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 2 1...

Page 68: ...ics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General ...

Page 69: ...00 Defines the IDMT constant C Note that this setting is only visible when the Point 1 9 2 10 characteristics setting is set to Two point steps or Two point interpolate Operating curve test online 1 00 40 00 0 01 1 00 Allows the testing of the expected operating time with the given Imeas Iset value with an online relay The IDMT curve formula used to calculate the segment timing behaviour is shown ...

Page 70: ...nd registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers two 2 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 2 1 52 Event messages Event block name Eve...

Page 71: ...eded The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The operational logic consists of the following unbalance measurement input selection unbalance measurement input selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting paramet...

Page 72: ...nt measurements 5ms I01 CMPLX The complex vector of I01 current measurements 5ms I02 CMPLX The complex vector of I02 current measurements 5ms The selection of the used neutral unbalance current measurement channel is made with a setting parameter General settings The following general settings define the general behaviour of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible to change t...

Page 73: ...th sides When the banks are identical only one pick up setting is required for both sides When the sides are different in size the settings can be made for each bank separately within the bank characteristics and manufacturer limitations Count fuse operations per side for action 0 No only current 1 Yes fuses or current 0 No only current Selects whether the fuse operations are counted per side and ...

Page 74: ...ter is set to 1 Bank size differs The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the ...

Page 75: ...nrush harmonic blocking internal only trip 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Enables and disables the 2nd harmonic blocking 2nd harmonic block limit Iharm Ifund 0 10 50 00 Ifund 0 01 Ifund 0 01 Ifund Defines the limit of the 2nd harmonic blocking If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START func...

Page 76: ... the ON event process data for START TRIP or BLOCKED The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 3 2 2 59 Register content Date and time Event Fault side Unbalance current Fuse operations A Fuse operations B Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss Event name A B Measured unbalance current Number if fuses operated Number of fuses operated 0 1800 s S...

Page 77: ...nt time stamp The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the ALARM START ALARM START TRIP and BLOCKED events Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values The monitored magnitude is equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 2 3 60 Measurement ...

Page 78: ... 20 In Defines the pick up setting for the alarm Iset Trip 0 10 50 00 In 0 01 In 1 20 In Defines the pick up setting for the trip Definite time delay alarm 0 000 1 800 00s 0 005s 0 04s Defines the definite time delay for the ALARM signal Definite time delay trip 0 000 1 800 00s 0 005s 0 04s Defines the definite time delay for the TRIP signal The pick up activation of the function is not directly e...

Page 79: ...me is left before tripping occurs Imeas Iset at the moment 0 00 1250 00 0 01 The ratio between the highest measured phase current and the pick up value Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input Additionally the function includes an internal inrush harmonic blocking ...

Page 80: ...me stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 2 3 65 Event messages Event block name Event names UCP1 Alarm Start ON UCP1 Alarm Start OFF UCP1 Alarm ON UCP1 Alarm OFF UCP1 Start ON UCP1 Start OFF UCP1 Trip ON UCP1 Trip OFF UCP1 Block ON UCP1 Block OFF UCP1 Harmonic block ON UCP1 Harmonic block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers The register of...

Page 81: ...ll as custom parameters The function includes CT saturation checking which allows the function to start and operate accurately during CT saturation The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing saturation check threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The basic design of the protection function is th...

Page 82: ...ent of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L3 C current 5...

Page 83: ...measured phases and when the Im exceeds the Iset value in single dual or all phases it triggers the pick up operation of the function Table 5 3 3 69 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Iset Pick up setting 0 10 50 00 In 0 01 In 1 20 In The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the bloc...

Page 84: ...ivated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation Table 5 3 3 71 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Range Step Default Description Inrush harmonic blocking internal only trip 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Enables and disables the 2nd harmonic blocking 2nd harmonic blocking limit Iharm Ifund 0 10 50 00 Ifund 0 01 I...

Page 85: ... event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 3 72...

Page 86: ... Start ON NOC2 Phase B Start OFF NOC2 Phase C Start ON NOC2 Phase C Start OFF NOC2 Phase A Trip ON NOC2 Phase A Trip OFF NOC2 Phase B Trip ON NOC2 Phase B Trip OFF NOC2 Phase C Trip ON NOC2 Phase C Trip OFF NOC3 Start ON NOC3 Start OFF NOC3 Trip ON NOC3 Trip OFF NOC3 Block ON NOC3 Block OFF NOC3 Phase A Start ON NOC3 Phase A Start OFF NOC3 Phase B Start ON NOC3 Phase B Start OFF NOC3 Phase C Start...

Page 87: ...F The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers this information is available for all provided instances separately The register of the function records the ON event process data for START TRIP or BLOCKED The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 3 3 73 Register content Date and time Event Fault type Pre trigger current ...

Page 88: ...inite minimum time IDMT the IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The function includes the checking of CT saturation which allows the function to start and operate accurately even during CT saturation The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing saturation check threshold comparator block...

Page 89: ...of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms I02PP Peak to peak measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I0Calc RMS value of the calculated zero sequence current from the three phase currents 5 ms The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possib...

Page 90: ...able 5 3 4 76 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default I0set Pick up setting 0 0001 40 00 In 0 0001 In 1 20 In The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the ...

Page 91: ...Table 5 3 4 78 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Description Range Step Default Inrush harmonic blocking internal only trip 2nd harmonic blocking enable disable 0 No 1 Yes 0 No 2nd harmonic block limit Iharm Ifund 2nd harmonic blocking limit 0 10 50 00 Ifund 0 01 Ifund 0 01 Ifund If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the...

Page 92: ...s Event block name Event names NEF1 Start ON NEF1 Start OFF NEF1 Trip ON NEF1 Trip OFF NEF1 Block ON NEF1 Block OFF NEF2 Start ON NEF2 Start OFF NEF2 Trip ON NEF2 Trip OFF NEF2 Block ON NEF2 Block OFF NEF3 Start ON NEF3 Start OFF NEF3 Trip ON NEF3 Trip OFF NEF3 Block ON NEF3 Block OFF NEF4 Start ON NEF4 Start OFF NEF4 Trip ON NEF4 Trip OFF NEF4 Block ON NEF4 Block OFF The function registers its op...

Page 93: ...operation can be selected between definite time DT mode and inverse definite minimum time IDMT The IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The function includes CT saturation checking which allows the function to start and operate accurately during CT saturation The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magni...

Page 94: ...age If the voltage drops below 1 V in the secondary side during a fault the voltage memory is used for 0 5 seconds After that the reference angle of voltage is forced to 0 Table 5 3 5 81 Measurement inputs of the Idir function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5...

Page 95: ...function The trip characteristic can be set to directional or non directional In the non directional mode only the pick up value of the positive sequence current magnitude must be fulfilled in order for the function to trip In the directional mode the fault must also be in the monitored direction to fulfill the terms to trip By default the tripping area is 88 176 The reference angle is based on th...

Page 96: ...a is linked to the angle of the positive sequence voltage U1 The angle of the positive sequence current I1 is compared to U1 angle and if the fault is in the correct direction it is possible to perform a trip when the amplitude of IL1 IL2 or IL3 increases above the pick up limit If the 3LL mode is used without the U0 measurement in a single phase fault situation the voltage reference comes from th...

Page 97: ...een set to 45 degrees Figure 5 3 5 45 When Idir function has been set to Non directional the function works basically just like a traditional non directional overcurrent protection function A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 95 ...

Page 98: ...ecked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input Additionally the non directional overcurrent function includes an internal inrush harmonic blocking option which is applied according to the parameters set by the user If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is gen...

Page 99: ...er can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 5 86 Event messages Event block name Event names DOC1 Start ON DOC1 Start OFF DOC1 Trip ON DOC1 Trip OFF DOC1 ...

Page 100: ...ng voltmem OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers this information is available for all provided instances separately The register of the function records the ON event process data for START TRIP or BLOCKED The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 3 5 87 Register content Register name Description Date and tim...

Page 101: ...setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode In the time delayed mode the operation can be selected for definite time DT or for inverse definite minimum time IDMT the IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selec...

Page 102: ...me base I01RMS RMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5ms I01TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5ms I01PP Peak to peak measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5ms I02RMS RMS measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 ...

Page 103: ... is available when Input selection has been set to I01 or I02 Input selection 1 I01 2 I02 3 I0Calc 1 I01 Defines which measured residual current is used by the function Pick up The the pick up of the I0dir function is controlled by the I0set setting parameter and the U0set setting parameter The former defines the maximum allowed measured current while the latter defines the maximum allowed measure...

Page 104: ... earthing type is set to I0Cos I0Sin broad range mode 45 0 90 0 1 45 Angle Tripping area size earthed network 45 0 135 0 0 1 88 Angle offset Protection area direction earthed network 0 0 360 0 0 1 0 0 Angle blinder I0 angle blinder Petersen coil earthed 90 0 0 0 0 1 90 The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is al...

Page 105: ...nce according to the zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line ohms per kilometer It is normal that in cable networks fault currents are higher than in overhead lines The resistance of the fault affects the size of the voltage drop during a fault In direct earth fault the zero sequence voltage amplitude is equal to the system s line to earth voltage In direct earth fault the voltage of a faul...

Page 106: ...he inductance of the Petersen coil compensates the capacitive current and therefore the residual current in a fault location is close to zero The size of the inductance is chosen according to the prospective earth fault current of the network The desired compensation grade is achieved when the K factor is close to 1 0 and the network is fully compensated The network is overcompensated when the K f...

Page 107: ...ns the resistive component does not change during the fault therefore selective tripping is ensured even when the network is slightly undercompensated or overcompensated Directly earthed or small impedance network 67N Figure 5 3 6 49 Angle tracking of I0dir function directly earthed or small impedance network In a directly earthed network the amplitude of a single phase fault current is similar to...

Page 108: ...ed Additionally when protecting feeders from earth faults two modes are used depending on the network status unearthed or compensated When changing between these two statuses the setting group must be changed and especially with distributed compensation the change may be difficult or impossible to arrange Finally in a compensated network protection the relay with traditional algorithms may sporadi...

Page 109: ...against I0 CT errors in compensated long healthy lines Figure 5 3 6 51 Effect of angle divider when in use and when disabled To receive a more accurate indication as to whether the fault was in a compensated or an unearthed network the angle divider can divide the area which would otherwise be overlapped between the two network models By default the setting is 45 degrees When the divider is disabl...

Page 110: ...ccurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the measured current value If the measured current changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time remaining to trip 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a trip this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs Function blocking The block...

Page 111: ...tion and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and reset Events and registers The directional overcurrent function abbreviated DEF in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are ...

Page 112: ...Start ON DEF3 I0Cosfi Start OFF DEF3 I0Sinfi Start ON DEF3 I0Sinfi Start OFF DEF3 I0Cosfi Trip ON DEF3 I0Cosfi Trip OFF DEF3 I0Sinfi Trip ON DEF3 I0Sinfi Trip OFF DEF4 Start ON DEF4 Start OFF DEF4 Trip ON DEF4 Trip OFF DEF4 Block ON DEF4 Block OFF DEF4 I0Cosfi Start ON DEF4 I0Cosfi Start OFF DEF4 I0Sinfi Start ON DEF4 I0Sinfi Start OFF DEF4 I0Cosfi Trip ON DEF4 I0Cosfi Trip OFF DEF4 I0Sinfi Trip O...

Page 113: ...non lasts for about a few hundred microseconds The intermittent earth fault is commonly seen in Petersen coil grounded compensated medium voltage networks The intermittent earth fault is commonly thought only as a cable network problem but it can also occur in overhead line networks The key point for this type of fault appearance is the compensation of earth fault currents with a Petersen coil Thi...

Page 114: ...ing the correct faulty feeder have tripped at the same time In this case as in the previous all the relays logs show various incorrect directional earth fault starts and releases Previously these scenarios were usually ignored and filed under Mysteries of the universe because they only occured once or twice a year and because disturbance recordings were not commonly used in normal medium voltage s...

Page 115: ...Figure 5 3 7 53 An intermittent earth fault in a network tuned close to resonance as seen by a healthy feeder relay A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 113 ...

Page 116: ...Figure 5 3 7 54 An intermittent earth fault in an undercompensated medium size network as seen by a faulty feeder relay A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 114 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 117: ...l earth fault protection algorithms lose their directional sense because an FFT processed input signal expects the power cycle to provide long stable data for accurate directional output There are multiple zero crossings during a normal power cycle and therefore the FFT result may be anything from 0 to 180 degrees When analyzing the situation from the point of view of normal directional earth faul...

Page 118: ...ry to verify the reset value of the residual voltage protection The residual voltage protection operating time will never be faster than the sum of the following the prescribed intermittent earth fault operating time the circuit breaker operating time and the reset time of the residual voltage protection stage If an intermittent earth fault protection start is used to block regular non intermitten...

Page 119: ...lock This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu Input selection 1 I01 2 I02 1 I01 Defines which measured residual current is used by the function Pick up The setting parameters U0 Detect spike and I0 Detect spike control the pick up of the I0int function They define the maximum allowed measured residual current and voltage before action from ...

Page 120: ... how many spikes need to be detected before tripping can occur Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calc...

Page 121: ...g time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 500s Operating time counter that starts from the beginning of the fault if the FWD reset time is running and the function has a START signal on If the FWD reset time is reached and the function releases this timer is reset as well Spikes to trip 1 50 1 2 The calculated cumulative spikes comparator In order for the function to trip a set number of spikes must b...

Page 122: ...There are two possible operating modes available the I2 mode monitors the negative sequence current while the I2 I1 mode monitors the ratio between the negative sequence current and the positive sequence current The relay calculates the symmetrical component magnitudes in use from the phase current inputs IL1 IL2 and IL3 The zero sequence current is also recorded into the registers as well as the ...

Page 123: ...r mode I2 I1 the function also uses the RMS values of all phase currents to check the minimum current Zero sequence and component sequence angles are used for fault registering and for fault analysis processing A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 8 102 Measurement inputs of the I2 function Signal Description Time base I1 Positive sequen...

Page 124: ...p setting for I2 I1 mode 1 200 0 01 20 The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through...

Page 125: ...e set for TRIP signal and also for the release of the function in case the pick up element is reset before the trip time has been reached There are three basic operating modes available for the function Instant operation gives the TRIP signal with no additional time delay simultaneously with the start signal Definite time operation DT gives the TRIP signal after a user defined time delay regardles...

Page 126: ...option the function does not trip if the input signal is not re activated while the release time count is on going Events and registers The current unbalance function abbreviated CUB in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select the status ON or OFF for messages in the main event buffer The function offers four 4 independe...

Page 127: ...ip 20ms current Start Trip current Start 200ms current I1 I2 IZ mag and ang 0 ms 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 9 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H The harmonic overcurrent function is used for non directional instant and time delayed overcurrent detection and clearing The number of stages in the function depends on the relay model The function constantly measures the selected har...

Page 128: ...asic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs of the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function s outputs are START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general tim...

Page 129: ...harmonic component or to the harmonic component percentage content compared to the RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 9 108 Measurement inputs of the Ih function Signal Description Time base IL1FFT The magnitudes RMS of phase L1 A current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic...

Page 130: ...rent components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic 17th harmonic 19th harmonic 5 ms I01FFT The magnitudes RMS of residual I01 current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic ...

Page 131: ...pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event General settings The function can be set to monitor the ratio between the measured harmonic and either the measured fundamental component or the per unit value of the harmonic current The user must select the correct measurement input Table 5 3 9 109 Operating mode selection settings Name Range...

Page 132: ...e pick up of the Ih function This defines the maximum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Ihset per unitor Ih IL and the measured magnitude Im for each of the three phases The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Ihset per unit or Ih ILvalue The setting value is common for all measur...

Page 133: ...ignal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further ...

Page 134: ...Event block name Event names HOC1 Start ON HOC1 Start OFF HOC1 Trip ON HOC1 Trip OFF HOC1 Block ON HOC1 Block OFF HOC2 Start ON HOC2 Start OFF HOC2 Trip ON HOC2 Trip OFF HOC2 Block ON HOC2 Block OFF HOC3 Start ON HOC3 Start OFF HOC3 Trip ON HOC3 Trip OFF HOC3 Block ON HOC3 Block OFF HOC4 Start ON HOC4 Start OFF HOC4 Trip ON HOC4 Trip OFF HOC4 Block ON HOC4 Block OFF The function registers its oper...

Page 135: ...tput relay control signal The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or user defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running The circuit breaker failure protection function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Additio...

Page 136: ...RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01 5ms I02RMS RMS measurement of residual input I02 5ms I0Calc Calculated residual current from the phase current inputs 5ms DOIN Monitors digital output relay status 5ms DIIN Monitors digital input status 5ms The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variat...

Page 137: ...e minimum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Iset or the I0set and the measured magnitude Im for each of the three phases and the selected residual current input The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Iset value The setting value is common for all measured phases When the Im excee...

Page 138: ...ode is enabled in General menu CBFP condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 ReTrip 3 CBFP On 4 Blocked Displays status of the protection function Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal...

Page 139: ...haracteristics Table 5 3 10 120 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Retrip 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Retrip enabled or disabled When the retrip is disabled the output will not be visible and the TRetr setting parameter will not be available Retrip time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 100s Retrip start the timer This setting defines how long the starting ...

Page 140: ...available The TRIP signal is normally wired to the breaker s trip coil from the device s trip output The retrip is wired from its own device output contact in parallel with the circuit breaker s redundant trip coil The CBFP signal is normally wired from its device output contact to the incomer breaker Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction...

Page 141: ... is not monitored in this configuration Therefore if the current is not reduced below the setting limit a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If the current is not reduced within the set time limit the function also sends a CBFP signal to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault both counters RETRIP and CBFP are reset as soon as the measured current is b...

Page 142: ... If the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If the retripping fails and the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset the function also sends a CBFP signal to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault bo...

Page 143: ...ons is met i e the current is above the limit or the signal is active for the duration of the set RETRIP time delay a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If either of the conditions is active for the duration of the set CBFP time delay a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault both counters RETRIP and CBFP are reset as soon as the...

Page 144: ...most common application is when the device s trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications and settings of the CBFP function A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 142 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 145: ...rating time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this configuration Therefore if the current is not reduced below the setting limit a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault the counter for CBFP resets as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Ar...

Page 146: ...t operating time The tripping of the primary protection stage is constantly monitored in this configuration If the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is reset This c...

Page 147: ...ing limit and the primary stage tripping signal is reset If either of these conditions is met i e the current is above the limit or the signal is active for the duration of the set CBFP time delay a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings and the tripping signal is reset This configuration a...

Page 148: ...e configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure 5 3 10 68 Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 146 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 149: ...ital input signal Both current and output relay monitoring can be used The counter for the CBFP signal begins when the digital input is activated If the counter is active until the CBFP counter is used the device issues a CBFP command to the incomer breaker In this application the device tripping signals from all outgoing feeders can be connected to one dedicated CBFP device which operates either ...

Page 150: ...easurement for transformers This function can also be used as the cable end differential function The operating principle is low impedance differential protection with bias characteristics the user can set A differential current is calculated with the sum of the phase currents and the selected residual current input In cable end differential mode the function provides natural measurement unbalance...

Page 151: ...agram of the I0d function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values It uses the RMS magnitude of the current measurement inputs Both calculated residual currents and measured residual currents are always used The user can select inputs I01 or I02 for residual current measurement Please note that when the function is in cable end differential mode the difference is on...

Page 152: ...aracteristics The current dependent pick up and activation of the function are controlled by setting parameters which define the current calculating method used as well as the operating characteristics Table 5 3 11 125 Pick up settings Name Range Step Default Description I0 Input 0 I01 1 I02 0 I01 Selection of the used residual current measurement input I0 Direction 0 Add 1 Subtract 0 Add Differen...

Page 153: ...neration of the function The TRIP signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active The following figure presents the differential characteristics with default settings Figure 5 3 11 71 Differential characteristics for the I0d function with default settings The equations for the differential characteristics are the following Figure 5 3 11 72 Differential current the calculation is based on...

Page 154: ...IP signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the TRIP function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick up sig...

Page 155: ...nd 10 while the used CTs are still within the promised 5P class which is probably the most common CT accuracy class When the current natural unbalance is compensated in this situation the differential settings may be set to be more sensitive and the natural unbalance does not therefore affect the calculation A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 153 ...

Page 156: ...ent the main differential protection from being tripped by faults occurring outside the protection area in some cases the function has to be disabled or its sensitivity limited to catch earth faults inside the protection area For this purpose the restricted earth fault function is stable since it only monitors the side it is wired to and compares the calculated and measured residual currents Durin...

Page 157: ...r and thus inside of the protection area the function catches the fault with high sensitivity Since the measured residual current now flows in the opposite direction than in the outside fault situation the measured differential current is high A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 155 ...

Page 158: ...es generates events and registers from the status changes in TRIP activated and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 156 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 159: ...e protection is based on line to line RMS measurement or to line to neutral RMS measurement as the user selects If the protection is based on line to line voltage overvoltage protection is not affected by earth faults in isolated or compensated networks The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or ...

Page 160: ...e measurement values The monitored magnitudes are equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 12 129 Measurement input of the U function Signal Description Time base UL12RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL12 V 5ms UL23RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL23 V 5ms UL31RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL31 V 5ms UL1RMS RMS measurement...

Page 161: ...th a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event Figure 5 3 12 80 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 3 12 81 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection P E voltages not available without residual voltage A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 159 ...

Page 162: ... Off 0 On Set mode of OV block This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu Pick up The Uset setting parameter controls the pick up of the U function This defines the maximum allowed measured voltage before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Uset and the measured magnitude Um for each of the three ...

Page 163: ...d counts down time towards a trip this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs UA B meas Uset at the moment 0 00 1250 00Um Uset 0 01Um Uset The ratio between UA or UAB voltage and the pick up value UB c meas Uset at the moment 0 00 1250 00Um Uset 0 01Um Uset The ratio between UB or UBC voltage and the pick up value UC A meas Uset at the moment 0 00 1250 00Um Uset 0 01Um Uset The rati...

Page 164: ...pick up voltage Uset and the measured voltage Um dependent time characteristics The IDMT function follows this formula Where t operating time k time dial setting Um measured voltage Us pick up setting a IDMT Multiplier setting The following table presents the setting parameters for the function s time characteristics Table 5 3 12 134 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range...

Page 165: ...counter is continuing until a set release time has passed even if the pick up element is reset The user can reset characteristics through the application The default setting is a 60 ms delay the time calculation is held during the release time In the release delay option the operating time counter calculates the operating time during the release When using this option the function does not trip if...

Page 166: ... line voltage magnitudes Undervoltage protection is based on line to line voltages or to line to neutral voltages as the user selects If the protection is based on line to line voltage undervoltage protection is not affected by earth faults in isolated or compensated networks Undervoltage protection has two blocking stages internal blocking based on voltage measurement and low voltage or external ...

Page 167: ...er for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the undervoltage function Figure 5 3 13 83 Simplified function block diagram of the U function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values The monitored voltage magnitudes are equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre ...

Page 168: ...es The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations the pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event Figure 5 3 13 84 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 3 13 85 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection P E voltages not avai...

Page 169: ... block This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu Pick up The Uset setting parameter controls the pick up of the U function This defines the minimum allowed measured voltage before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Uset and the measured magnitude Um for each of the three voltages The reset ratio...

Page 170: ...3 13 142 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description U LN behaviour 1 On 2 Blocked 3 Test 4 Test Blocked 5 Off Displays the mode of UV block This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu U pick up setting 0 0 1 000 000 0V 0 1V The primary voltage required for tripping The displayed pick up voltage level depends on the pick ...

Page 171: ...ent and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the devic...

Page 172: ...power Table 5 3 13 144 Setting parameters for reset time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Release time delay 0 000 150 000s 0 005s 0 06s Resetting time The time allowed between pick ups if the pick up has not led to a trip operation During this time the START signal is held on for the timers if the delayed pick up release is active Delayed pick up release 1 No 2 Yes 2 Yes Resett...

Page 173: ...s the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 13 145 Event messages Event block name Event names UV1 Start ON UV1 Start OFF UV1 Trip ON UV1 Trip OFF UV1 Block ON UV1 Block OFF UV1 Undervoltage Block ON UV1 Undervoltage Block OFF UV2 Start ON UV2 Start OFF UV2 Trip ON UV2 Trip OFF UV2 B...

Page 174: ... group 1 8 active 5 3 14 Neutral overvoltage protection U0 59N The neutral overvoltage function is used for non directional instant and time delayed earth fault protection Each device with a voltage protection module has four 4 available stages of the function U0 U0 U0 U0 The function constantly measures phase to earth voltage magnitudes and calculates the zero sequence component Neutral overvolta...

Page 175: ...mmon source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode In the time delayed mode the operation can be selected for definite time DT or for inverse definite minimum time IDMT the IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold compar...

Page 176: ...log voltage measurement values The function block uses RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 14 147 Measurement inputs of the U0 function Signal Description Time base U0RMS RMS measurement of voltage U0 V 5ms UL1RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL1 V 5ms UL2RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL2 V 5ms UL3RMS RMS measurement of voltag...

Page 177: ...00 Un 0 01 Un 20 00 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting too...

Page 178: ...of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The ...

Page 179: ... 000 150 000s 0 005s 0 06s Resetting time Time allowed between pick ups if the pick up has not led to a trip operation During this time the START signal is held on for the timers if the delayed pick up release is active Delayed pick up release 1 No 2 Yes 2 Yes Resetting characteristics selection either as time delayed or as instant after the pick up element is released If activated the START signa...

Page 180: ...tart ON NOV1 Start OFF NOV1 Trip ON NOV1 Trip OFF NOV1 Block ON NOV1 Block OFF NOV2 Start ON NOV2 Start OFF NOV2 Trip ON NOV2 Trip OFF NOV2 Block ON NOV2 Block OFF NOV3 Start ON NOV3 Start OFF NOV3 Trip ON NOV3 Trip OFF NOV3 Block ON NOV3 Block OFF NOV4 Start ON NOV4 Start OFF NOV4 Trip ON NOV4 Trip OFF NOV4 Block ON NOV4 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time ...

Page 181: ...earth voltage magnitudes or line to line and neutral voltage magnitudes to calculate the positive or negative sequence voltage The user can select the voltage used Sequence voltage is based on the system s line to line voltage level Protection stages can be set to protect against both undervoltage and overvoltage The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteris...

Page 182: ...tage calculation Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation In what follows are three examples of negative sequence calculation negative sequence component vector Figure 5 3 15 95 Normal situation A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 180 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 183: ... function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed voltage magnitudes The function s outputs are START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three 3 output s...

Page 184: ...ltage U3 V 5ms In RMS values the pre fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms of START or TRIP event General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group Table 5 3 15 155 General settings of the function Name Range Default Description ...

Page 185: ...her the function picks up when the monitored voltage is under or over the set pick up value Over Under Over Uset Pick up setting 5 00 150 00 Un 0 01 Un 105 Un Ublk Undervoltage blocking visible when the pick up term is Under 0 00 80 00 Un 0 01 Un 5 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the block...

Page 186: ...g signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation furth...

Page 187: ...nt without added delay When the parameter is set to 0 005 1800 s the stage operates as independent delayed Time dial setting k 0 01 60 00s 0 01s 0 05s The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type Time dial multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics IDMT Multiplier 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 1 00s The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type IDMT time mul...

Page 188: ...The sequence voltage function abbreviated VUB in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time s...

Page 189: ...o big a load or a malfunction in the power controller can cause the frequency to decrease Underfrequency causes damage to turbine wings through vibration as well as heating due to increased iron losses dropped cooling efficieny and over magnetization in step up transformers Overfrequency protection prevents the generator from running too fast which can cause damage to the generator turbine Underfr...

Page 190: ... time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figures present simplified function block diagrams of the frequency function Figure 5 3 16 100 Simplified function block diagram of the f function Figure 5 3 16 101 Simplified function block diagram of the f function Measured input The frequency protection f...

Page 191: ... 1 No 2 Yes 0 No Enables or disables the stage Pick up and time delay The fset fset etc setting parameters control the pick up of each stage of the f function They define the maximum or minimum allowed measured frequency before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick up setting and the measured frequency The reset ratio of 20mHz is built into the func...

Page 192: ...de is active Table 5 3 16 165 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description f LN behaviour 1 On 2 Blocked 3 Test 4 Test Blocked 5 Off Displays the mode of FRQV block This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu f condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 Trip 3 Blocked Displays the status of the protection function f meas f set 0 000 20 ...

Page 193: ... of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Events and registers The frequency function abbreviated FRQV in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorde...

Page 194: ...e of the function s register content Table 5 3 16 167 Register content Date and time Event f Pre trig Hz f Fault Hz Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss Event name Start Trip 20ms frequency Fault frequency Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 17 Rate of change of frequency df dt 81R The rate of change of frequency function is used to detect fast drops or increases in frequency If the load changes fast this fun...

Page 195: ...bove when the frequency decreases under the f limit tripping is allowed although the change of frequency is not yet fast enough for the function to trip Later the frequency makes a fast dip and as a result the change of frequency is faster than the set pick up value which then causes the relay to operate Each stage can be activated and deactivated individually After the f mode has been activated P...

Page 196: ... df dt function Measured input The rate of change of frequency protection function compares the measured df dt ratio to the pick up setting given in Hz s The source of the measured frequency depends on the user defined tracking reference which can be changed from the Frequency tab of the Measurement menu There are three 3 frequency references available Frecuency reference 1 CT1IL1 CT2IL1 VT1U1 VT2...

Page 197: ...ng mode df dt function can trip only from increasing frequency In Falling mode df dt function can trip only from decreasing frequency Both allows df dt to trip from both 0 Rising 1 Falling 2 Both 0 Rising df dt 1 8 frequency limit Displays if frequency limits are used or not 0 Not used 1 Use f limit 0 Not used df dt 1 8 pick up Pick up setting 0 01 10 00Hz s 0 01Hz s 0 2Hz s df dt 1 8 f limit Unde...

Page 198: ...e function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before ...

Page 199: ... dt 4 Trip ON DFT1 df dt 4 Trip OFF DFT1 df dt 5 Start ON DFT1 df dt 5 Start OFF DFT1 df dt 5 Trip ON DFT1 df dt 5 Trip OFF DFT1 df dt 6 Start ON DFT1 df dt 6 Start OFF DFT1 df dt 6 Trip ON DFT1 df dt 6 Trip OFF DFT1 df dt 7 Start ON DFT1 df dt 7 Start OFF DFT1 df dt 7 Trip ON DFT1 df dt 7 Trip OFF DFT1 df dt 8 Start ON DFT1 df dt 8 Start OFF DFT1 df dt 8 Trip ON DFT1 df dt 8 Trip OFF DFT1 df dt 1...

Page 200: ... trig Hz df dt Fault Hz s f Fault Hz Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss Event name Start Trip 20ms df dt Start Trip 20ms frequency Fault df dt Fault frequency Setting groups 1 8 active 5 3 18 Overpower protection P 32O The overpower function is used for instant and time delayed active over power protection In applications like feeder generator and motor protection this function is used to detect over...

Page 201: ...ach of the three 3 output signals In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the overpower function Figure 5 3 18 105 Simplif...

Page 202: ...set value Table 5 3 18 176 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Pset Pick up setting 0 0 100 000kW 0 01kW 100kW The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of...

Page 203: ...rtup power value to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking t...

Page 204: ... and time delayed active underpower protection This function is used to detect loss of load conditions when there is no significant loss of current Figure 5 3 19 106 Operating characteristics of underpower protection The underpower function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode The opera...

Page 205: ...gram of the underpower function Figure 5 3 19 107 Simplified function block diagram of the P function Measured input The function block uses three phase active power values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering If the protection relay has more than one CT module the parameter Measured side determines which current measurement is used for the power ...

Page 206: ...ed when the measured active power exceeds the pick up settings reset value 1 03 x Pset Table 5 3 19 182 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Pset Pick up setting 0 0 100 000kW 0 01kW 100kW Pset Low power block 0 0 100 000kW 0 01kW 50kW The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the block...

Page 207: ...s reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup power value to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The b...

Page 208: ...e reverse power function is used for instant and time delayed active reverse power protection In generator protection applications the reverse power protection function is used to prevent damage in situations where a synchronous generator is running like a motor when the generator draws active power Reverse power protection is not used to protect the generator itself but to protect the generator s...

Page 209: ...nter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the reverse power function Figure 5 3 20 110 Simplified function block diagram of the Pr function Measured input The function block uses three phase active power values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering If the protection relay has mor...

Page 210: ...lay or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 20 189 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description Prev LN behaviour 1 On 2 Blocked 3 Test 4 Test Blocked 5 Off Displays the mode of RPW block This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu Prev condition 0 N...

Page 211: ... and registers The reverse power function abbreviated RPW in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers one 1 independent stage The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5...

Page 212: ... The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed power magnitudes The function s outputs are START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the...

Page 213: ...t inputs of the power protection function Signal Description Time base 3PH active power P Total three phase active power 5ms 3PH reactive power Q Total three phase reactive power 5ms 3PH apparent power Total three phase apparent power 5ms General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible to change them by ed...

Page 214: ...pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is conne...

Page 215: ...ormation of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating del...

Page 216: ...dercurrent protection I 37 The non directional undercurrent function is used for instant and time delayed undercurrent protection The operating decisions are based on phase current magnitude constantly measured by the function The available phase current magnitudes are equal to RMS values The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function duri...

Page 217: ...3 22 113 Simplified function block diagram of the I function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values and uses RMS phase current measurements A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 22 198 Measurement inputs of the I function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2RMS...

Page 218: ...ART signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and reset Read only para...

Page 219: ...e system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Events and registers The undercurrent function abbreviated NUC in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer...

Page 220: ...atus in percentages of the maximum thermal capacity available θt 1 Thermal image status in a previous calculation cycle the memory of the function Imax Measured maximum of the three TRMS phase currents In Current for the 100 thermal capacity to be used the pick up current in p u tmax achieved in τ x 5 kSF Loading factor service factor the maximum allowed load current in p u dependent on the protec...

Page 221: ...r conditions considering the prevailing conditions in the thermal replica are compensated with the ambient temperature coefficient which is constantly calculated and changing when using RTD sensor for the measurement When the ambient temperature of the protected object is stable it can be set manually e g underground cables The ambient temperature compensation takes into account the set minimum an...

Page 222: ...ions apply the temperature correction factor is 1 0 Figure 5 3 23 115 Ambient temperature coefficient calculation a three point linear approximation and a settable correction curve As can be seen in the diagram above the ambient temperature coefficient is relative to the nominal temperature reference By default the temperature reference is 15 C underground cables which gives the correction factor ...

Page 223: ...rmed in a similar manner to the figure above in a datasheet provided by the manufacturer Figure 5 3 23 117 Settings of the function s ambient temperature coefficient curve The temperature and correction factor pairs are set to the function s settable curve A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 221 ...

Page 224: ...kSF correction factor is used for non changing corrections its calculation is explained later in this manual Calculating correction factors for a cable or overhead installation requires the consulting of the datasheet for the technical specifications of the used cable This information is usually provided by the cable manufacturer For example cable data may be presented as in the figures below an e...

Page 225: ...perature is 15 C The most important parameters for setting a working thermal image are the cable s current and the installation place In addition to the above mentioned current carrying capacity table the manufacturer should also provide data to allow for fine tuning the thermal image Equally important to the ampere temperature values are the presumptive conditions under which the given continuous...

Page 226: ...nufacturers may give additional information on how to correct the the current carrying capacity to match the changed conditions Below is an example of the correction factors provided a manufacturer Prysmian for correcting the current carrying capacity A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 224 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 227: ...Figure 5 3 23 121 Example of correction factors for the current carrying capacity as given by a manufacturer A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 225 ...

Page 228: ...tion is flat Its current carrying capacity is 575 A in 65 C and 680 A in 90 C The reference temperature for ground installation is 15 C Let us calculate an estimation of the time constant τ based on the known one second short circuit current related to In If the manufacturer has not provided the time constant it can be estimated from the maximum permissable short circuit current usually a one seco...

Page 229: ...ed when the cable is loaded with a stable current for time equalling five times the time constant τ This uses approximately 71 of the thermal capacity According to the datasheet this current should set the temperature around 65 C therefore the model overprotects by three degrees A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 227 ...

Page 230: ...h a cross section of 500 mm2 is installed with no adjacent cables k 1 into a ground consisting of dry gravel and clay k 0 85 and into the depth of 1 5 meters k 0 95 The cable s 1 s permissible short circuit current is 71 4 kA and its insulation is XLPE The cable s screen circuit is open and the laying formation is flat Its current carrying capacity is 575 A in 65 C and 680 A in 90 C The reference ...

Page 231: ...ith the nominal current one can see the actual current carrying capacity of the cable is much lower than in the presumptive conditions A normal loading current can now warm up the cable too much and threaten its withstandability If the kSF had not been set the thermal image would show a temperature of appr 68 C instead of the real temperature of 96 C A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 0...

Page 232: ...stead of the 680 A current given in the initial data Estimating trip time Calcula Calculat ted e ed eff ffectiv ective nominal curr e nominal current ent IN kSF tambfact INom Where IN calculated effective nominal current kSF the service factor kamb the ambient temperature factor INom the nominal current of the protected device Calcula Calculat ted end hea ed end heating ting A AQ Q C255 C255 Instr...

Page 233: ...th the formula above in seconds when replacing the θCalc with the value of the thermal level which from the tripping time is wanted to be calculated in per unit value Function inputs and outputs The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or user defined logic can change function parameters while the...

Page 234: ...lues The function block uses TRMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components Table 5 3 23 204 Measurement inputs of the TF function Signal Description Time base IL1 TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2 TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3 TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms RTD Temperature measurement for the ambient correction 5ms Table 5 3 2...

Page 235: ...is selected for the Set or Estimate tau setting Estimated tau 0 1800min 0 005min 191 3min from defaults The estimated result which is used for the thermal replica s time constant After the previous three required parameters are set the IED will calculate this value This setting is visible if Estimate is selected for the Set or Estimate tau setting kSF service factor 0 01 5 00 0 01 1 00 The service...

Page 236: ...r the minimum ambient temperature setting This setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Linear est Amb temp ref 1 10 50 0 500 0deg 0 1deg 15deg The temperature reference points for the user settable ambient temperature coefficient curve This setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Set curve Amb temp k1 k10 0 01 5 00 1 00 0 01 The coefficient value for the temperature refer...

Page 237: ...ristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display even...

Page 238: ...temperature settings have been set wrong and actually used setting is 1 0 Visible only when there is a setting fault TF Setting alarm 0 Nominal current calc ok 1 Nominal current set fault Override to 1 0 Indicates if nominal current calculation is set wrong and actually used setting is 1 0 Visible only when there is a setting fault TF Setting alarm 0 Ambient setting ok 1 Inconsistent setting of am...

Page 239: ...its The number of times the function has activated the Alarm 2 output Restart inhibits The number of times the function has activated the Restart inhibit output Trips The number of times the function has tripped Trips Blocked The number of times the function trips has been blocked Events and registers The line thermal overload protection function abbreviated TOLF in event block names generates eve...

Page 240: ...tors generators and ambient temperatures Typically an RTD is a thermocouple or of type PT100 Up to three 3 separate RTD modules based on an external Modbus are supported each can hold up to eight 8 measurement elements Up to two 2 separate RTD option cards are supported by this function Sixteen 16 individual element monitors can be set for this alarm function and each of those can be set to alarm ...

Page 241: ... set for each of the measurement channels Once these settings are done the RTDs are ready for other functions Figure 5 3 24 127 RTD alarm setup Function can be set to monitor the measurement data from previously set RTD channels A single channel can be set to have several alarms if the user sets the channel to multiple sensor inputs In each sensor setting the user can select the monitored module a...

Page 242: ...g C Dec F 0 Deg C 1 Deg F 0 Deg C Selects the measurement temperature scale Celsius or Fahrenheit S1 S16 Measurement Displays the measurement value in the selected temperature scale S1 S16 Sensor 0 Ok 1 Invalid Displays the measured sensor s data validity If the sensor reading has any problems the sensor data is set to Invalid and the alarms are not activated S1 S16 Enable alarm 1 0 Disable 1 Enab...

Page 243: ...function offers sixteen 16 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers Table 5 3 24 216 Event messages Event block name Event names RTD1 S1 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S1 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S1 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S...

Page 244: ... Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S11 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S11 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S11 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S11 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S12 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S12 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S12 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S12 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S13 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S13 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S13 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S13 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S14 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S14 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S14 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S14 Alarm2 OFF RTD1 S15 Alarm1 ON RTD1 S15 Alarm1 OFF RTD1 S15 Alarm2 ON RTD1 S15 Alarm2 OF...

Page 245: ...6 Meas Invalid RTD2 S7 Meas Ok RTD2 S7 Meas Invalid RTD2 S8 Meas Ok RTD2 S8 Meas Invalid RTD2 S9 Meas Ok RTD2 S9 Meas Invalid RTD2 S10 Meas Ok RTD2 S10 Meas Invalid RTD2 S11 Meas Ok RTD2 S11 Meas Invalid RTD2 S12 Meas Ok RTD2 S12 Meas Invalid RTD2 S13 Meas Ok RTD2 S13 Meas Invalid RTD2 S14 Meas Ok RTD2 S14 Meas Invalid RTD2 S15 Meas Ok RTD2 S15 Meas Invalid RTD2 S16 Meas Ok RTD2 S16 Meas Invalid A...

Page 246: ...elay can be avoided by using arc protection The arc protection card has a high speed output to trip signals faster as well as to extend the speed of arc protection Figure 5 3 25 128 IED equipped with arc protection The arc protection card has four 4 sensor channels and up to three 3 arc point sensors can be connected to each channel The sensor channels support Arcteq AQ 01 light sensing and AQ 02 ...

Page 247: ...ipping the zone are met light OR light and current but the tripping is blocked by an input I I0 Arc S1 Sensor fault I I0 Arc S2 Sensor fault I I0 Arc S3 Sensor fault I I0 Arc S4 Sensor fault The detected number of sensors in the channel does not match the settings I I0 Arc IO unit fault The number of connected AQ 100 series units does not match the number of units set in the settings The operation...

Page 248: ...ne which sensor channels are sensing which zones in this case sensor channels S1 and S2 are protecting Zone 1 Enable Light 1 of Zone 1 as well as Light 2 of Zone 2 The sensor channel S3 deals with Zone 2 Enable Light 3 of Zone 2 The high speed output contacts HSO1 and HSO2 have been set to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays The AQ 100 series units send out...

Page 249: ... be enabled as there are sensors connected to both Zone 2 and 3 starts Sensors connected to the channel S3 are in Zone 2 Then enable Light 3 of Zone 2 The sensor connected to the channel S2 is in Zone 3 Then enable Light 2 of Zone 3 If any of the channels have a pressure sensing sensor enable it the same way as the regular light sensors If either phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent is needed...

Page 250: ...ensors Defines the number of sensors connected to the channel channels 1 2 3 4 Channel 2 sensors Channel 3 sensors Channel 4 sensors Channel 1 sensor status 0 Sensors OK 1 Configuration fault state Displays the status of the sensor channel If the number of sensors connected to the channel does not match with the set Channel 1 2 3 4 sensors setting this parameter will go to the Configuration fault ...

Page 251: ... channel 1 trips the zone 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Zone1 2 3 4 Pres 2 Enabled Pressure detected in sensor channel 2 trips the zone 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Zone1 2 3 4 Pres 3 Enabled Pressure detected in sensor channel 3 trips the zone 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Zone1 2 3 4 Pres 4 Enabled Pressure detected in sensor channel 4 trips the zone 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Zone1 ...

Page 252: ...k up element activates a TRIP signal is generated If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can al...

Page 253: ...C1 Phase current Blocked OFF ARC1 Phase current Start ON ARC1 Phase current Start OFF ARC1 Residual current Blocked ON ARC1 Residual current Blocked OFF ARC1 Residual current Start ON ARC1 Residual current Start OFF ARC1 Channel 1 Light ON ARC1 Channel 1 Light OFF ARC1 Channel 1 Pressure ON ARC1 Channel 1 Pressure OFF ARC1 Channel 2 Light ON ARC1 Channel 2 Light OFF ARC1 Channel 2 Pressure ON ARC1...

Page 254: ... 99 The programmable stage is a stage that the user can program to create more advanced applications either as an individual stage or together with programmable logic The relay has ten programmable stages and each can be set to follow one to three analog measurements The programmable stages have three available pick up terms options overX underX and rate of change of the selected signal Each stage...

Page 255: ...e general behavior of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group Table 5 3 26 223 General settings of the function Name Range Default Description PSx LN mode 1 On 2 Blocked 3 Test 4 Test Blocked 5 Off 0 On Set mode of PGS block This parameter is visible only when Allow setting of individual LN mode is enabled in General menu PSx LN beh...

Page 256: ...s easier to set although it is also possible to just use the scaling factor of 1 0 and set the desired pick up limit as the primary voltage Similaryly any chosen measurement value can be scaled to the desired form When two or three signals are chosen for comparison an additional signal PSx Magnitude handling setting appears From its drop down menu the user chooses how the signals are pre processed...

Page 257: ... the measured signals fulfills the comparison condition Similarly the user can set up a comparison of three values The table below presents the available modes for a three signal comparison Mode Description 0 Mag1 x Mag2 x Mag3 Multiplies Signals 1 2 and 3 The comparison uses the product of this calculation 1 Max Mag1 Mag2 Mag3 The biggest value of the chosen signals is used in the comparison 2 Mi...

Page 258: ...al has their own pick up setting The image below is an example of setting an analog comparison with three signals The stage will trip if Signal 1 or Signal 2 as well as Signal 3 fulfill the pick up condition The settings for different comparisons are in the setting groups This means that each signal parameter can be changed by changing the setting group A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version ...

Page 259: ... in 20 ms in either direction the comparison condition is fulfilled The condition is not dependent on direction 6 Delta measval C Change o hange ov ver time er time If the measured signal changes more than the set pick up value in 20 ms the comparison condition is fulfilled The condition is dependent on direction 7 Delta abs measval C Change o hange ov ver time er time absol absolut ute e If the m...

Page 260: ...19th h IL2 19th harmonic value in p u IL3 Description IL3 ff p u IL3 Fundamental frequency RMS value in p u IL3 2nd h IL3 2nd harmonic value in p u IL3 3rd h IL3 3rd harmonic value in p u IL3 4th h IL3 4th harmonic value in p u IL3 5th h IL3 5th harmonic value in p u IL3 7th h IL3 7th harmonic value in p u IL3 9th h IL3 9th harmonic value in p u IL3 11th h IL3 11th harmonic value in p u IL3 13th h...

Page 261: ... u I02 9th h I02 9th harmonic value in p u I02 11th h I02 11th harmonic value in p u I02 13th h I02 13th harmonic value in p u I02 15th h I02 15th harmonic value in p u I02 17th h I02 17th harmonic value in p u I02 19th h I02 19th harmonic value in p u TRMS Description IL1 TRMS IL1 TRMS value in p u IL2 TRMS IL2 TRMS value in p u IL3 TRMS IL3 TRMS value in p u I01 TRMS I01 TRMS value in p u I02 TR...

Page 262: ...tages Description UL12Mag UL12 Primary voltage V UL23Mag UL23 Primary voltage V UL31Mag UL31 Primary voltage V Phase to neutral voltages Description UL1Mag UL1 Primary voltage V UL2Mag UL2 Primary voltage V UL3Mag UL3 Primary voltage V U0Mag U0 Primary voltage V Angles Description UL12Ang UL12 angle UL23Ang UL23 angle UL31Ang UL31 angle UL1Ang UL1 angle UL2Ang UL2 angle UL3Ang UL3 angle U0Ang U0 a...

Page 263: ...QL3 Reactive power L3 Q kVar tanfiL3 Phase active power direction L3 cosfiL3 Phase reactive power direction L3 Impedance and admit Impedance and admittance Z tance ZR RX Y X YGB GB Name Description RL12Pri Resistance R L12 primary Ω XL12Pri Reactance X L12 primary Ω RL23Pri Resistance R L23 primary Ω XL23Pri Reactance X L23 primary Ω RL31Pri Resistance R L31 primary Ω XL31Pri Reactance X L31 prima...

Page 264: ...nce X L3 secondary Ω Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary Ω Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary Ω Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 primary Ω Z1Sec Impedance Z L1 secondary Ω Z2Sec Impedance Z L2 secondary Ω Z3Sec Impedance Z L3 secondary Ω Z1Angle Impedance Z L1 angle Z2Angle Impedance Z L2 angle Z3Angle Impedance Z L3 angle RSeqPri Positive Resistance R primary Ω XSeqPri Positive Reactance X primary Ω RSeqSec Positive Resi...

Page 265: ...e Admittance Y L2 angle YL3Angle Admittance Y L3 angle G0Pri Conductance G0 primary mS B0Pri Susceptance B0 primary mS G0Sec Conductance G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Others Others Name Description System f System frequency Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 2 M Ther...

Page 266: ... Step Default PS Pick up setting Mag calc Pick up magnitude 5 000 000 0000 5 000 000 0000 0 0001 0 01 PS Setting hysteresis Mag Setting hysteresis 0 0000 50 0000 0 0001 3 Definite operating time delay Delay setting 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 04s Release time delays Pick up release delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 06s The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal gene...

Page 267: ... generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 26 225 Event messages Event block name Event names PGS1 PS1 Start ON PGS1 PS1 Start OFF PGS1 PS1 Trip ON PGS1 PS1 Trip ...

Page 268: ...t OFF PGS1 PS7 Trip ON PGS1 PS7 Trip OFF PGS1 PS7 Block ON PGS1 PS7 Block OFF PGS1 PS8 Start ON PGS1 PS8 Start OFF PGS1 PS8 Trip ON PGS1 PS8 Trip OFF PGS1 PS8 Block ON PGS1 PS8 Block OFF PGS1 PS9 Start ON PGS1 PS9 Start OFF PGS1 PS9 Trip ON PGS1 PS9 Trip OFF PGS1 PS9 Block ON PGS1 PS9 Block OFF PGS1 PS10 Start ON PGS1 PS10 Start OFF PGS1 PS10 Trip ON PGS1 PS10 Trip OFF PGS1 PS10 Block ON PGS1 PS10...

Page 269: ...close to nothing In such cases when the measured voltage is absent the fault direction cannot be solved As backup non directional protection can be used for tripping but in such cases the selectivity of the network will reduce However an angle memory for voltage can be used to prevent this from happening An adjustable voltage level with pre fault voltage angles can be used as a reference for fault...

Page 270: ... actual measured phase current angle takes place While voltage memory is used the angle of phase currents drifts approximately one degree for each passing second see the graph below Figure 5 3 27 132 Voltage angle drift The blocking signal for voltage memory can be found among other stage related settings in the tab VT Module 3U 4U 1 The blocking signal is checked in the beginning of each program ...

Page 271: ...0 5 1 0 s When the operating time passes and voltage memory is no longer used directional overcurrent and or distance protection goes to the unidirectional mode to secure a safe tripping The memory uses longer operating times when a backup protection is applied e g in distance protection zones are farther away F For orced C ced CT f track T f tracking on VMEM ing on VMEM While fixed frequency trac...

Page 272: ...ON M1VT1 Using Voltage memory OFF M1VT1 Voltage memory blocked ON M1VT1 Voltage memory blocked OFF 5 4 Control functions 5 4 1 Setting group selection All relay types support up to eight 8 separate setting groups The Setting group selection function block controls the availability and selection of the setting groups By default only Setting group 1 SG1 is active and therefore the selection logic is...

Page 273: ...nge is disabled again Setting groups can be controlled either by pulses or by signal levels The setting group controller block gives setting groups priority values for situations when more than one setting group is controlled at the same time the request from a higher priority setting group is taken into use Setting groups follow a hierarchy in which setting group 1 has the highest priority settin...

Page 274: ...lled to ON after Force SG is disabled If there are no other controls the last set setting group remains active Force setting group change 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled The selection of whether the setting group forcing is enabled or disabled This setting has to be active before the setting group can be changed remotely or from a local HMI This parameter overrides the local control of the setting...

Page 275: ...sed Setting group 6 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active The selection of Setting group 6 SG6 Has the third lowest priority input in setting group control Can be controlled with pulses or static signals If static signal control is applied SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed Setting group 7 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active The selection of Setting group 7 SG7 Has the second lowest priority i...

Page 276: ...tate of the Petersen coil connection When the connection is done with one wire the setting group change logic can be applied as shown in the figure above The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active If the coil is disconnected Setting group 2 is active This way if the wire is broken for some reason the setting group is always controlled to SG2 A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruc...

Page 277: ...Figure 5 4 1 137 Setting group control two wire connection from Petersen coil status A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 275 ...

Page 278: ... With a two wire connection the state of the Petersen coil can be monitored more securely The additional logic ensures that a single wire loss will not affect the correct setting group selection The application controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the relay s internal logics For example the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick up function see the ima...

Page 279: ...ns the inverted signal NOT as well as the use of logics in setting group control One could also have SG2 be the primary SG while the ON signal would be controlled by the higher priority SG1 this way the setting group would automatically return to SG2 after the automatic control is over Events The setting group selection function block abbreviated SGS in event block names generates events from its ...

Page 280: ... SGS SG8 Request ON SGS SG8 Request OFF SGS Remote Change SG Reqeuest ON SGS Remote Change SG Request OFF SGS Local Change SG Request ON SGS Local Change SG Request OFF SGS Force Change SG ON SGS Force Change SG OFF SGS SG Request Fail Not configured SG ON SGS SG Request Fail Not configured SG OFF SGS Force Request Fail Force ON SGS Force Request Fail Force OFF SGS SG Req Fail Lower priority Reque...

Page 281: ...gate in the Logic editor The outputs of the function are the monitored indicator statuses Open Close Intermediate and Bad The setting parameters are static inputs for the function which can only be changed by the use in the function s setup phase The inputs of the function are the binary status indications The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from ea...

Page 282: ...tored indicator If IEC 61850 is enabled GOOSE signals can be used for status indication Events The indicator object monitoring function abbreviated CIN in event block names generates events from the status changes in the monitored signals including the continuous status indications The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both Table 5 4 2 234 Event mes...

Page 283: ...rt up power which can cause the inrush current to be significantly higher than what the load current was before the outage This is uncommon in industrial environments since the restoring of the production process takes several hours or even days and the power level goes back to the level it was before the outage However some areas of the industrial network may find the cold load pick up function u...

Page 284: ... a simplified function block diagram of the cold load pick up function Figure 5 4 3 140 Simplified function block diagram of the cold load pick up function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 4 3 235 Measurement inputs of the cold load pick up function Signal Descrip...

Page 285: ...ACT signal generation of the function The CLPU ACT signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 4 3 ...

Page 286: ...3 238 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Tset 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s The function s start timer which defines how long the Ilow condition has to last before the cold load pick up is activated Tmax 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 30 000s The function s maximum timer which defines how long the starting condition can last and for how long the curr...

Page 287: ...ds the Ihigh setting value a timer starts counting towards the Tmax time The pick up current is cleared before the the counter reaches the Tmax time when the measured current goes between of Ilow and the Ihigh This is when the start up condition is considered to be over The cold load pick up signal can be prolonged beyond this time by setting the Tmin to a value higher than 0 000 s A AQ Q C255 C25...

Page 288: ... below the Ilow setting because the Tset is not exceeded and therefore no cold load pick up signal is issued If the user wants the function to activate within a shorter period of time the Tset parameter can be se to a lower value If the user wants no delay the Tset can be zero seconds and the operation will be immediate A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 286 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035...

Page 289: ...ured current dips below the Ilow setting and has been there for Tset amount of time When the Im exceeds the Ihigh setting a counter starts counting towards the Tmax time The measured current exceeds the Iover setting during the start up situation and causes the cold load pick up signal to be released immediately A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 287 ...

Page 290: ...ter the measured current has stayed below the Ilow setting for a Tset amount of time When the current exceeds the Ihigh setting a timer starts counting towards the Tmax time The measured current stays above the Ihigh setting until the Tmax is reached which causes the release of the cold load pick up signal A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 288 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 291: ...es after the measured current has stayed below the Ilow setting for a Tset amount of time The current stays between the Ilow setting and the Ihigh setting so the cold load pick up signal is active for Tmin time As no inrush current is detected during that time the signal is released A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 289 ...

Page 292: ...as been reached or until the start up is over and the Tmin time is over Events and registers The cold load pick up function abbreviated CLP in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes of the LowStart HighStart LoadNormal Overcurrent CLPUActivated and BLOCKED signals of the cold load pick up function as well as from the internal pick up comparators The user can selec...

Page 293: ... forgotten earthing to reduce the damage in the fault location The function can be used to control protection functions or it can be used to directly trip a breaker if any of the connected protection functions starts during the set SOTF time The operation of the function is instant after the conditions are met and any one signal connected to the Function input input activates The inputs of the fun...

Page 294: ... function from starting Function input The function input activates the function s instant trip if applied when the function is calculating the SOTF time Settings The switch on to fault function has one setting and it determines how long the function remains active after it has been triggered If the inputs receive any of the set signals during this time the function s trip is activated Table 5 4 4...

Page 295: ...s the function s active time from starting Events and registers The switch on to fault function abbreviated SOF in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in ACTIVATED TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data ...

Page 296: ...ltage does less sensitive to background electrical noise detects a fault in the system incredibly easily since 4 mA is equal to 0 output Milliampere mA outputs AQ 200 series supports up to two 2 independent mA option cards Each card has four 4 mA output channels and one 1 mA input channel If the device has an mA option card enable mA outputs at Control Device IO mA outputs The outputs are activate...

Page 297: ... Defines the measurement magnitude used for mA output control The available measurements depend on the selection of the Magnitude selection for mA output channel parameter Input value 1 107 107 0 001 0 The first input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA output value 1 0 0000 24 0000mA 0 0001mA 0mA The mA output value when the measured value is equal to or less than Input value 1 Input v...

Page 298: ...h is a control function that controls its binary output signal This output signal can be controlled locally from the relay s mimic displayed as a box in the mimic or remotely from the RTU The main purpose of programmable control switches is to block or enable function and to change function properties by changing the setting group However this binary signal can also be used for any number of other...

Page 299: ...might be inaccurate because the signal coming from the source is inaccurate One common example of this is tap changer location indication signal not changing linearly from step to step If the output difference between the steps are not equal to each other measuring the incoming signal accurately is not enough Analog input scaling curves menu can be used to take these inaccuracies into account Anal...

Page 300: ...00 1 000 000 00 0 00001 0 Defines the minimum input of the curve If input is below the set limit ASC1 4 input out of range is activated Curve 1 4 input 1 000 000 00 1 000 000 00 0 00001 Displays the input measurement received by the curve Curve1 4 input maximum 1 000 000 00 1 000 000 00 0 00001 0 Defines the maximum input of the curve If input is above the set limit ASC1 4 input out of range is ac...

Page 301: ...ange Step Default Description Curve 1 4 update cycle 5 10 000ms 5ms 150ms Defines the length of the input measurement update cycle If the user wants a fast operation this setting should be fairly low Scaled value handling 0 Floating point 1 Integer out Floor 2 Integer Ceiling 3 Integer Nearest 0 Floating point Rounds the milliampere signal output as selected Input value 1 0 4000 0 000 01 0 The mea...

Page 302: ...ptions Logical outputs can be given a description The description will be displayed in several of the menus logic editor matrix block settings etc Table 5 4 8 254 Logical output user description Name Range Default Description User editable description LOx 1 31 characters Logical output x Description of the logical output This description is used in several menu types for easier identification 5 4 ...

Page 303: ...ation of logical input in Hold and Pulse modes A logical input pulse can also be extended by connecting a DELAY low gate to a logical output as has been done in the example figure below Figure 5 4 9 152 Extending a logical input pulse Logical input descriptions Logical outputs can be given a description The description will be displayed in several of the menus logic editor matrix block settings et...

Page 304: ...ll The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or user defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running The function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude p...

Page 305: ...The function s outputs are CTS ALARM and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the output signals The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the CTS ALARM and BLOCKED events The following figure pre...

Page 306: ...elect what is used for the residual current measurement nothing the I01 RMS measurement or the I02 RMS measurement Table 5 5 1 256 Measured inputs of the CTS function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01 5ms A AQ Q C...

Page 307: ...ut for the residual current If the residual current is measured with a separate CT the residual current circuit can be monitored with the CTS function as well However this does not apply to summing connections Holmgren etc If the phase current CT is summed with I01 or I02 this selection should be set to Not in use I0 direction 0 Add 1 Subtract 0 Add Defines the polarity of residual current channel...

Page 308: ... circuit is healthy the sum of these two currents should be 0 Time delay for alarm 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 5s Determines the delay between the activation of the function and the alarm The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active When the activation of the pick up is b...

Page 309: ...ction causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking s...

Page 310: ...rcuit fault in phase L1 wiring When a fault is detected and all conditions are met the CTS timer starts counting If the situation continues until the set time has passed the function issues an alarm A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 308 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 311: ...me has passed the function issues an alarm This means that the function supervises both the primary and the secondary circuit Figure 5 5 1 158 No wiring fault but heavy unbalance If any of the phases exceed the Iset high limit setting the operation of the function is not activated This behavior is applied to short circuits and earth faults even when the fault current exceeds the Iset high limit se...

Page 312: ...s are adjusted according to the application s normal behavior the operation of the function can be set to be very sensitive for broken circuit and conductor faults Figure 5 5 1 160 Normal situation residual current also measured When the residual condition is added with the I0 input selection the sum of the current and the residual current are compared against each other to verify the wiring condi...

Page 313: ...all be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met Figure 5 5 1 162 Broken primary phase current wiring In this example all other condition are met except the residual difference That is now 0 In which indicates a primary side fault A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 311 ...

Page 314: ...rom the status changes in ALARM ACTIVATED and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 5 1 260 Event messages Event block name Event names CTS1 Alarm ON CTS1 Alarm OFF CTS1 Block ON CTS1 Block OFF The function registers its oper...

Page 315: ... function can be changed via setting group selection The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs of the function are the following setting parameters measured and pre processed voltage magnitudes The function s outputs are START ALARM BUS ALARM LINE and BLOCKED signals whi...

Page 316: ...asurement of voltage UL12 V 5ms UL23RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL23 V 5ms UL31RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL31 V 5ms UL1RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL1 V 5ms UL2RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL2 V 5ms UL3RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL3 V 5ms U1P Positive sequence voltage 5ms U2N Negative sequence voltage 5ms UZ0 Zero sequence voltage 5ms UL12Ang Angle of UL12 voltage 5ms UL23Ang Angl...

Page 317: ...5 5 2 264 Pick up settings Name Range Step Default Description Voltage low pickup 0 05 0 50 Un 0 01 Un 0 05 Un If one the measured voltages is below low pickup value and two of the measured voltages exceed high detect value the function s pick up activates Voltage high detect 0 01 1 10 Un 0 01 Un 0 80 Un Angle shift limit 2 00 90 00deg 0 10deg 5 00deg If the difference between the present angle an...

Page 318: ...SEQ Rev 3 Bus Live VTS Ok SEQ Undef 4 Bus Live VTS problem Displays the status of bus voltages Expected operating time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs Time remaining to trip 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a operation this displays how much time is left before operation occurs Function blo...

Page 319: ...ggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 5 2 266 Event messages Event block name Event names VTS1 Bus VT fail Start ON VTS1 Bus VT fail Start OFF VTS1 Bus VT fail Trip ON VTS1 Bus VT fail Trip OFF VTS1 Bus VT fail Block ON VTS1 Bus VT fail Block OFF VTS1 Line VT fail ON VTS1 Line VT fail OFF VTS1 Bus Fuse fail ON VTS1 Bus Fuse fail OFF VTS1 Line Fu...

Page 320: ...The monitoring of the measured signals can be selected to be based either on an amplitude ratio or on the above mentioned power ratio The difference is in the calculation formula as shown below Figure 5 5 3 166 THD calculation formulas While both of these formulas exist the power ratio THDP is recognized by the IEEE and the amplitude ratio THDA is recognized by the IEC The blocking signal and the ...

Page 321: ...rom each measured current channel From these measurements the function calculates either the amplitude ratio or the power ratio A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 5 3 268 Measurement inputs of the total harmonic distortion monitor function Signal Description Time base IL1FFT FFT measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2FFT FFT measuremen...

Page 322: ...ables the THD alarm function from phase currents Enable I01 THD alarm 0 Enabled 1 Disabled 0 Enabled Enables and disables the THD alarm function from residual current input I01 Enable I02 THD alarm 0 Enabled 1 Disabled 0 Enabled Enables and disables the THD alarm function from residual current input I02 Phase THD pick up 0 10 100 00 0 01 10 00 The pick up setting for the THD alarm element from the...

Page 323: ...isplay event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach ...

Page 324: ...locked ON THD1 Blocked OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers The register of the function records the ON event process data for ACTIVATED BLOCKED etc The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 5 3 274 Register content Date and time Event L1h L2h L3h pretriggering current L1h L2h L3h Fault current L1h L2h L3h P...

Page 325: ...rent I02 fine IL1 Phase current IL1 CT card 2 IL2 Phase current IL2 CT card 2 IL3 Phase current IL3 CT card 2 I01 c Residual current I01 coarse CT card 2 I01 f Residual current I01 fine CT card 2 I02 c Residual current I02 coarse CT card 2 I02 f Residual current I02 fine CT card 2 U1 2 VT1 Line to neutral UL1 or line to line voltage U12 VT card 1 U2 3 VT1 Line to neutral UL2 or line to line voltag...

Page 326: ...ding channels Measurements Signal Description Signal Description Currents Pri Pha curr ILx Primary phase current ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 Pha curr ILx TRMS Pri Primary phase current TRMS IL1 IL2 IL3 Pha angle ILx Phase angle ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 Pos Neg Zero seq curr Positive Negative Zero sequence current Pha curr ILx Phase current ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 Sec Pos Neg Zero seq curr Secondary positive negative zero sequ...

Page 327: ... system voltage U0 in percentages Ux Angle Ux angle U1 U2 U3 U4 System volt U0 ang Angle of the system voltage U0 Pos Neg Zero Seq volt Angle Positive Negative Zero sequence voltage angle Ux Angle difference Ux angle difference U1 U2 U3 Resistive and reactive currents ILx Resistive Current p u ILx resistive current in per unit values IL1 IL2 IL3 Pos seq Resistive Current Pri Primary positive seque...

Page 328: ...m Display when not measurable is 0 Hz Frequency at the moment If the frequency is not measurable this will show 0 Hz Neutral susceptance B Pri Primary neutral susceptance f meas qlty Quality of tracked frequency Neutral admittance Y Pri Primary neutral admittance f meas from Indicates which of the three voltage or current channel frequencies is used by the relay Neutral admittance Y Ang Neutral ad...

Page 329: ...nually or automatically by using the dedicated triggers Every signal listed in Digital recording channels can be selected to trigger the recorder The device has a maximum limit of 100 for the number of recordings Even when the recordings are very small their number cannot exceed 100 The number of analog and digital channels together with the sample rate and the time setting affect the recording si...

Page 330: ... checking the boxes enable the selected triggers Table 5 5 4 281 Recorder settings Name Range Step Default Description Recording length 0 100 1800 000s 0 01s 1s Sets the length of a recording Recording mode 0 FIFO 1 Keep olds 0 FIFO Selects what happens when the memory is full FIFO first in first out replaces the oldest stored recording with the latest one Keep olds does not accept new recordings ...

Page 331: ...r than zero At least one trigger input has to be selected in the Recorder Trigger setting to fulfill this term Estimating the maximum length of total recording time Once the disturbance recorder s settings have been made and loaded to the relay the device automatically calculates and displays the total length of recordings However if the user wishes to confirm this calculation they can do so with ...

Page 332: ...to be made according to the following specifications the recording length is 6 0 s the sample rate is 64 s c therefore with a 50 Hz system frequency a sample is taken every 312 5 µs the analog channels 1 8 are used digital channels are tracked every 5 ms the first activation of the overcurrent stage trip I TRIP triggers the recorder the pre triggering time is 5 ie how long is recorded before the I...

Page 333: ...o File Open see the image below The recordings are packed COMTRADE files a zip file includes cfg and dat files AQviewer can open both original packed zip files and COMTRADE files directly as they are are located in same directory A Adding signals t dding signals to plo o plot tt ters ers By default the default plotter is empty Choose the measured signals Analog channels on the left to move them to...

Page 334: ...the cursor to create the area you want to zoom in You can also zoom in and out by using the horizontal and vertical magnifying glass and icons numbered 3 in the image below If you want to reset the zooming click on the middle magnifying glass icon You can also zoom in and out the amplitude of individual plotters by holding down S Shift hift and scrolling the mouse wheel up and down respectively 4 ...

Page 335: ...order memory cleared DR1 Oldest record cleared DR1 Recorder memory full ON DR1 Recorder memory full OFF DR1 Recording ON DR1 Recording OFF DR1 Storing recording ON DR1 Storing recording OFF DR1 Newest record cleared 5 5 5 Measurement recorder A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 333 ...

Page 336: ...d button the big red circle starts the recorder Please note that closing the Measurement recorder window does not stop the recording that can only be done by hitting the Stop button the big blue circle If the recording is done in the relay only the recording interval needs to be set before recording can be started The setting tool estimates the maximum recording time which depends on the recording...

Page 337: ...r U2Volt Sec L3 Imp Active Energy kWh Sec Zero Seq Curr U3Volt Sec L3 Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS Sec U4Volt Sec L3 Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Res Curr I02 TRMS Sec U1Volt Sec TRMS L3 Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pha Curr IL1 U2Volt Sec TRMS L3 Exp React Cap E kvarh Pha Curr IL2 U3Volt Sec TRMS L3 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Pha Curr IL3 U4Volt Sec TRMS L3 Imp React Cap E kvarh Res Curr I01 Pos ...

Page 338: ...urr angle System Volt U0 mag TM Max Temp Rise All Zero Seq Curr angle System Volt U0 mag kV TM Temp Rise atm Pri Pha Curr I L1 System Volt U1 mag TM Hot Spot estimate Pri Pha Curr I L2 System Volt U1 mag kV TM Hot Spot Max All Pri Pha Curr I L3 System Volt U2 mag TM Used k for amb temp Pri Res Curr I 01 System Volt U2 mag kV TM Trip delay remaining Pri Res Curr I 02 System Volt U3 mag TM Alarm 1 t...

Page 339: ...0d Bias current I Pos Seq Curr 3PH Reactive Power Q HV I0d Diff current I Neg Seq Curr 3PH Tan phi HV I0d Char current I Zero Seq Curr 3PH Cos phi LV I0d Bias current Res Curr I 01 TRMS E Ener nerg gy mea y measur surements ements LV I0d Diff current Res Curr I 02 TRMS L1 Exp Active Energy MWh LV I0d Char current Pha IL 1 ampl THD L1 Exp Active Energy kWh Curve1 Input Pha IL 2 ampl THD L1 Imp Acti...

Page 340: ...values of currents voltages powers and impedances as well as other values The user can set up to eight 8 magnitudes to be recorded when the function is triggered An overcurrent fault type a voltage fault type and a tripped stage can be recorded and reported straight to SCADA NO NOTE TE The available measurement values depend on the relay type If only current analog measurements are available the r...

Page 341: ...tral resistances reactances and impedances Z12Ang Z23Ang Z31Ang ZL1Ang ZL2Ang ZL3Ang The phase to phase and phase to neutral impedance angles Rseq Xseq Zseq RseqAng XseqAng ZseqAng The positive sequence resistance reactance and impedance values and angles GL1 GL2 GL3 G0 BL1 BL2 BL3 B0 YL1 YL2 YL3 Y0 The conductances susceptances and admittances YL1angle YL2angle YL3angle Y0angle The admittance ang...

Page 342: ... 22 I0Dir Trip 23 I0Dir Trip 24 I0Dir Trip 25 f Trip 26 f Trip 27 f Trip 28 f Trip 29 f Trip 30 f Trip 31 f Trip 32 f Trip 33 P Trip 34 P Trip 35 Prev Trip 36 T Trip 37 I2 Trip 38 I2 Trip 39 I2 Trip 40 I2 Trip 41 U1 2 Trip 42 U1 2 Trip 43 U1 2 Trip 44 U1 2 Trip 45 U0 Trip 46 U0 Trip 47 U0 Trip 48 U0 Trip The tripped stage Overcurrent fault type 0 1 A G 2 B G 3 A B 4 C G 5 A C 6 B C 7 A B C The ove...

Page 343: ...e 1 8 0 000 1800 000 A V p u 0 001 A V p u The recorded value in one of the eight channels Events The measurement value recorder function abbreviated VREC in event block names generates events from the function triggers The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both Table 5 5 6 285 Event messages Event block name Event name VREC1 Recorder triggered ON V...

Page 344: ...plays the status of the NTP time synchronization at the moment NO NOTE TE This indication is not valid if another time synchronization method is used external serial NTP processed message count 0 232 1 Displays the number of messages processed by the NTP protocol Additionally the time zone of the relay can be set by connecting to the relay and the selecting the time zone at Commands Set time zone ...

Page 345: ...tings for measurement update interval Name Range Step Default Description Current measurement update interval 500 10 000ms 5ms 2 000ms Defines the measurement update interval of all current related measurements Voltage measurement update interval 500 10 000ms 5ms 2 000ms Defines the measurement update interval of all voltage related measurements Power measurement update interval 500 10 000ms 5ms 2...

Page 346: ...ed with the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate Report Control Blocks both buffered and unbuffered reporting Control Direct operate with normal security Select before operate with normal security Direct with enhanced security and Select before operate with enhanced sequrity control sequences Disturbance recording file transfer GOOSE Time synchronization The device s current IEC 61850 setup can be viewed an...

Page 347: ... 1 5 0deg 0 1deg 1deg Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Integration time 0 10 000ms 1ms 0ms Defines the integration time of the protocol If this parameter is set to 0 ms no integration time is in use Reconfigure GOOSE 0 1 Reconfigure 0 Reconfigures the GOOSE Enable GOOSE subscriber 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enabled and disables the GOOSE subscriber For more...

Page 348: ... x Description of the GOOSE input This description is used in several menu types for easier identification Setting the publisher The configuration of the GOOSE publisher is done using the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate Tools Communication IEC 61850 Refer to AQtivate 200 Instruction manual for more information on how to set up GOOSE publisher 6 1 6 IEC 103 IEC 103 is the shortened form of the internati...

Page 349: ...ed master Link layer time out 0 60 000ms 1ms 0ms Defines the length of the time out for the link layer Link layer retries 1 20 1 1 Defines the number of retries for the link layer Diagnostic Error counter 0 232 1 1 Counts the total number of errors in received and sent messages Diagnostic Transmitted messages 0 232 1 1 Counts the total number of transmitted messages Diagnostic Received messages 0 ...

Page 350: ...deadband 0 1 1000 0kVar 0 1kVar 2kVar Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Frequency deadband 0 01 1 00Hz 0 01Hz 0 1Hz Determines the data...

Page 351: ...65 534 1 1 Defines the address for the link layer Link layer address size 1 2 1 2 Defines the address size of the link layer Information object address size 2 3 1 3 Defines the address size of the information object Cause of transmission size 1 2 1 2 Defines the cause of transmission size IEC 104 settings Table 6 1 8 300 IEC 104 settings Name Range Step Default Description IEC 104 enable 0 Disable...

Page 352: ...r this measurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Frequency deadband 0 01 1 00Hz 0 01Hz 0 1Hz Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Current deadband 0 01 50 00A 0 01A 5A ...

Page 353: ...ough a communication protocol if one is in use The following table presents the setting parameters available for the 12 channels Table 6 2 302 Fault register settings Name Range Step Default Description Select record source 0 Not in use 1 12 I I I I IL1 IL2 IL3 13 24 Id Id Id Id IL1 IL2 IL3 25 28 I0 I0 I0 I0 I0 29 32 I0d I0d I0d I0d I0 33 FLX 0 Not in use Selects the protection function and its st...

Page 354: ...CalcMag Residual current calculated from phase currents IL1Ang IL2Ang IL3Ang I01Ang I02Ang I0CalcAng I1Ang I2Ang Angles of each measured current Voltages UL1Mag UL2Mag UL3Mag UL12Mag UL23Mag UL31Mag U0Mag U0CalcMag Magnitudes of phase voltages phase to phase voltages and residual voltages U1 Pos seq V mag U2 Neg seq V mag Positive and negative sequence voltages UL1Ang UL2Ang UL3Ang UL12Ang UL23Ang...

Page 355: ...1 8 ADAM module Settings Table 6 3 304 Settings Name Range Step Default Description Measurement value recorder mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Activates and disables the real time signals to communication Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Selects whether or not values are scaled to primary Slot X magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers 3 Impedance ZRX and admittance...

Page 356: ...7 Connections and application examples 7 1 Connections of AQ C255 Figure 7 1 172 The AQ C255 variant without add on modules A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 354 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 357: ...nction block diagram 7 2 Application example and its connections This chapter presents an application example for the capacitor bank protection IED A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 355 ...

Page 358: ...atus while the digital outputs are used for breaker control Figure 7 2 174 Application example and its connections 7 3 Two phase three wire ARON input connection This chapter presents the two phase three wire ARON input connection for any AQ 200 series IED with a current transformer The example is for applications with protection CTs for just two phases The connection is suitable for both motor an...

Page 359: ...ough the IED s digital output and all the way to the open coil of the breaker It is recommended to supervise the health of the trip circuit when breaker is closed Trip circuit supervision with one digital input and one non latched trip output The figure below presents an application scheme for trip circuit supervision with one digital input and a non latched trip output With this connection the cu...

Page 360: ... be added to the digital input An activation delay that is slightly longer than the circuit breaker s operations time should be enough When circuit breaker failure protection CBFP is used adding its operation time to the digital input activation time is useful The whole digital input activation time is therefore tDI tCB tIEDrelease tCBFP The image below presents the necessary settings when using a...

Page 361: ...e IED s output relay contact opens in under 50 ms or after a set release delay that takes place after the breaker is opened This means that the open coil is energized for a while after the breaker has already opened The coil could even be energized a moment longer if the circuit breaker failure protection has to be used and the incomer performs the trip Trip circuit supervision with one digital in...

Page 362: ...closed again The following logic scheme or similar blocks the supervision alarm when the circuit breaker is open The alarm is issued whenever the breaker is closed and whenever the inverted digital input signal TCS activates A normally closed digital input activates only when there is something wrong with the trip circuit and the auxiliary power goes off Logical output can be used in the output ma...

Page 363: ...Figure 7 4 180 Example block scheme A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 361 ...

Page 364: ... number of inputs and outputs and the power supply as well as one separate voltage measurement module and one separate current measurement module The images below present the modules of both the non optioned model AQ X255 XXXXXXX AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA and a partially optioned model AQ X255 XXXXXXX BBBBBCAAAA BBBBBCAAAAJ J Figure 8 1 181 Modular construction of AQ X255 XXXXXXX AAAAAAAAAAA A AQ Q ...

Page 365: ...ed from Arcteq Relays Ltd or its representative who can then provide the module with its corresponding unlocking code to allow the device to operate correctly once the hardware configuration has been upgraded This also means that the module s location in the device cannot be changed without updating the device configuration data which again requires the unlocking code When an I O module is inserte...

Page 366: ...f the code and the modules do not match the device issues and alarm An alarm is also issued if the device expects to find a module here but does not find one 5 Scan Scans Slot D and finds the five channels of the CT module fixed for AQ X255 If the CTM is not found the device issues an alarm 6 Scan Scans Slot E and moves to the next slot if Slot E is empty If the scan finds an 8DI module it reserve...

Page 367: ...ree DI1 DI3 in the CPU module and the rest in Slots C H in groups of eight It also has a total of 10 digital output channels available five DO1 DO5 in the CPU module and five DO6 DO10 in Slot I Additionally there is a double LC fiber Ethernet communication option card installed in Slot N These same principles apply to all non standard configurations in the AQ X255 IED family 8 2 CPU module Figure ...

Page 368: ...t with software The digital output controls are also set by the user with software By default the digital outputs are controlled in 5 ms program cycles All output contacts are mechanical The rated voltage of the NO NC outputs is 250 VAC DC The auxiliary voltage is defined in the ordering code the available power supply models available are A 85 265 VAC DC and B 18 75 DC The power suppy s minimum a...

Page 369: ...ing lug terminals Connector Description CTM 1 2 Phase current measurement for phase L1 A CTM 3 4 Phase current measurement for phase L2 B CTM 5 6 Phase current measurement for phase L3 C CTM 7 8 Coarse residual current measurement I01 CTM 9 10 Fine residual current measurement I02 A basic current measurement module with five channels includes three phase current measurement inputs as well as coars...

Page 370: ...rable voltage measurement input U4 A basic voltage measurement module with four channels includes four voltage measurement inputs that can be configured freely The voltage measurement module is connected to the secondary side of conventional voltage transformers VTs or directly to low voltage systems secured by fuses The nominal voltage can be set between 100 400 V Voltages are calibrated in a ran...

Page 371: ...an be upgraded in the field after the device s original installation when required The properties of the inputs in this module are the same as those of the inputs in the main processor module The current consumption of the digital inputs is 2 mA when activated while the range of the operating voltage is from 0 265 VAC DC The activation and release thresholds are set in the software and the resolut...

Page 372: ...0 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 0 to 1 DIx Drop off time 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 1 to 0 DIx AC Mode 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Selects whether or not a 30 ms deactivation delay is added to take the alternating current into account The DIx Release threshold parameter is hidden and forced to 10 of the...

Page 373: ...n DIx 1 31 characters DIx Description of the digital input This description is used in several menu types for easier identification Digital input voltage measurements Digital input option card channels measure voltage on each channel The measured voltage can be seen at Control Device IO Digital inputs Digital input voltages Table 8 5 308 Digital input channel voltage measurement Name Range Step De...

Page 374: ...ll digital outputs are scanned in 5 ms program cycles and their contacts are mechanical in type The rated voltage of the NO NC outputs is 250 VAC DC For the naming convention of the digital inputs provided by this module please refer to the chapter titled Construction and installation For technical details please refer to the chapter titled Digital output module in the Technical data section of th...

Page 375: ...up to three 3 light sensors serially connected to it The user can choose how many of the channels are in use The high speed outputs HSO1 and HSO2 operate only with a DC power supply The battery s positive terminal must be wired according to the drawing The NO side of the outputs 1 or 2 must be wired through trip coil to the battery s negative terminal The high speed outputs can withstand voltages ...

Page 376: ... HSO control 8 8 RTD input module optional Figure 8 8 191 RTD input module connectors The RTD input module is an add on module with eight 8 RTD input channels Each input supports 2 wire 3 wire and 4 wire RTD sensors The sensor type can be selected with software for two groups four channels each The card supports Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 374 Arcteq R...

Page 377: ... module connectors Connector Name Description COM E Serial fiber GG PP GP PG Serial based communications Wavelength 660 nm Compatible with 50 125 μm 62 5 125 μm 100 140 μm and 200 μm Plastic Clad Silica PCS fiber Compatible with ST connectors A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 375 ...

Page 378: ...mmunications COM F Pin 8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin 9 COM F Pin 10 3 3 V output spare Spare power source for external equipment 45 mA COM F Pin 11 COM F Pin 12 The option card includes two serial communication interfaces COM E is a serial fiber interface with glass plastic option COM F is an RS 232 interface 8 10 LC or RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module optional Figur...

Page 379: ...ectors 10BASE T and 100BASE TX Both cards support both HSR and PRP protocols 8 11 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module optional Figure 8 11 195 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module connectors Connector Description Two pin connector IRIG B input ST connectors Duplex ST connectors 62 5 125 μm or 50 125 μm multimode fiber Transmitter wavelength 1260 1360 nm nominal 1310 nm Rec...

Page 380: ...edundancy options please refer to the option card LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module The images below present two example configurations the first displays a ring configuration note how the third party devices are connected in a separate ring while the second displays a multidrop configuration Figure 8 11 196 Example of a ring configuration A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 3...

Page 381: ...ble RJ45 10 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module optional Figure 8 12 198 Double RJ 45 10 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module Connector Description Two pin connector IRIG B input A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 379 ...

Page 382: ...figurations For other redundancy options please refer to the option card LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module Figure 8 12 199 Example of a multidrop configuration 8 13 Milliampere mA I O module optional Figure 8 13 200 Milliampere mA I O module connections A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 380 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 383: ...in the factory or it can be upgraded in the field after the device s original installation when required The user sets the mA I O with the mA outputs control function This can be done at Control Device I O mA outputs in the relay configuration settings 8 14 Dimensions and installation The device can be installed either to a standard 19 rack or to a switchgear panel with cutouts The desired install...

Page 384: ...Figure 8 14 202 Device installation A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 382 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 385: ...Figure 8 14 203 Panel cut out and spacing of the IED A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 383 ...

Page 386: ...equency measurement range From 6 75Hz fundamental up to the 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 25 mA 250 A RMS Current measurement inaccuracy 0 005 4 000 IN 0 5 or 15 mA 4 20 IN 0 5 20 50 IN 1 0 Angle measurement inaccuracy 0 2 I 0 1 A 1 0 I 0 1 A Burden 50 60 Hz 0 1 VA Transient overreach 8 Coarse residual current input I01 Rated current IN 1 A configurable 0 1 10 A Thermal withstand...

Page 387: ...reach 5 Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact FRONT 4 H 6 35 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 4 mm2 NO NOTE TE Current measurement accuracy has been verified with 50 60 Hz The amplitude difference is 0 2 and the angle difference is 0 5 degrees higher at 16 67 Hz and other frequencies 9 1 1 2 Voltage measurement Table 9 1 1 2 312 Technical data for the voltage measure...

Page 388: ...Power and energy measurement accuracy Power measurement P Q S Frequency range 6 75 Hz Inaccuracy 0 3 1 2 IN or 3 VA secondary 1 0 1 2 IN or 3 VA secondary Energy measurement Frequency range 6 75 Hz Energy and power metering inaccuracy 0 5 down to 1A RMS 50 60Hz as standard 0 2 down to 1A RMS 50 60Hz option available see the order code for details 9 1 1 4 Frequency measurement Table 9 1 1 4 314 Fre...

Page 389: ...erminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 Other Minimum recommended fuse rating MCB C2 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports Table 9 1 2 2 317 Front panel local communication port Port Port media Copper Ethernet RJ 45 Number of ports 1 Port protocols PC protocols FTP Telnet Features Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Cannot be used fo...

Page 390: ... Table 9 1 2 3 320 CPU model isolated digital inputs with thresholds defined by order code Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V AC DC Nominal voltage Order code defined 24 110 220 V AC DC Pick up threshold Release threshold Order code defined 19 90 170 V Order code defined 14 65 132 V Scanning rate 5 ms Settings Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800 s Polarity Software settable Normally On ...

Page 391: ... 322 Digital outputs Change Over Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V AC DC Continuous carry 5 A Make and carry 0 5 s Make and carry 3 s 30 A 15 A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48 VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stra...

Page 392: ...aking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48 VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 9 1 3 3 Point sensor arc protection module Table 9 1 3 3 325 Technical data for the point sensor arc protection modu...

Page 393: ...ues Voltage withstand 265 VDC Nominal voltage Pick up threshold Release threshold 24 VDC 16 VDC 15 VDC Scanning rate 5 ms Polarity Normally Off Current drain 3 mA Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 NO NOTE TE Polarity has to be correct 9 1 3 4 Milliampere module mA out mA in Table 9 1 3 4 328 Technical da...

Page 394: ...ata for the RTD input module Channels 1 8 2 3 4 wire RTD Pt100 or Pt1000 9 1 3 6 RS 232 serial fiber communication module Table 9 1 3 6 330 Technical data for the RS 232 serial fiber communication module Ports RS 232 Serial fiber GG PP GP PG Serial port wavelength 660 nm Cable type 1 mm plastic fiber 9 1 3 7 Double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module Table 9 1 3 7 331 Technical data for the ...

Page 395: ...tep 0 01 Ifund Inaccuracy Current 2nd harmonic blocking 0 5 Iset or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 Iset 1 0 unit of the 2nd harmonic setting Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 30 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B IDMT ...

Page 396: ...0 0001 In Inaccuracy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Starting I0Calc 5 A 0 5 I0set or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 Iset 1 5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 Iset 1 0 I0set or 15 mA 0 005 4 0 Iset Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 30 ms IDMT setting paramet...

Page 397: ... setting step 0 10 deg Pick up current setting 0 10 40 00 In setting step 0 01 In Inaccuracy Current U1 I1 angle U 15 V U1 I1 angle U 1 15 V 0 5 Iset or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 Iset 0 20 1 5 Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT setting parame...

Page 398: ...0 Petersen coil GND Wattmetric 180 Earthed Adjustable sector When the earthed mode is active Tripping area center Tripping area size 0 00 360 00 deg setting step 0 10 deg 45 00 135 00 deg setting step 0 10 deg Pick up current setting Pick up voltage setting 0 005 40 00 In setting step 0 001 In 1 00 75 00 U0n setting step 0 01 U0n Inaccuracy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Starting I0Calc 5 A V...

Page 399: ...urrent setting Pick up voltage setting 0 05 40 00 In setting step 0 001 In 1 00 100 00 U0n setting step 0 01 U0n Pick up inaccuracy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Voltage U0 0 5 I0set or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 x Iset 1 5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 x Iset 1 0 U0set or 30 mV Operation time setting Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Operation time inaccura...

Page 400: ...e IDMT minimum operating time 2 0 or 30 ms 20 ms Retardation time overshoot 5 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip Im Iset ratio 1 05 70 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of the pick up setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 5 or 60 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 55 ms 9 2 1 7 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H Tab...

Page 401: ...hat the harmonic stage may be activated by a rapid load change or fault situation An intentional activation lasts for approximately 20 ms if a harmonic component is not present The harmonic stage stays active if the harmonic content is above the pick up limit Tripping When using the harmonic overcurrent stage for tripping please ensure that the operation time is set to 20 ms DT or longer to avoid ...

Page 402: ...el I01 Coarse Residual current channel I02 Fine Current input calculations Calculated bias and residual differential currents Pick up Operating modes Restricted earth fault Cable end differential Characteristics Biased differential with 3 settable sections and 2 slopes Pick up current sensitivity setting Slope 1 Slope 2 Bias Turnpoint 1 2 0 01 50 00 IN setting step 0 01 0 00 150 00 setting step 0 ...

Page 403: ... Reset Reset ratio 97 of the pick up voltage setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 45 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms 9 2 1 11 Undervoltage protection U 27 Table 9 2 1 11 343 Technical data for the undervoltage function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 UL31 U0 Voltage input magnitudes RMS line to line or line to ne...

Page 404: ...ion the undervoltage stage does not trip unless the voltage exceeds the pick up setting first 9 2 1 12 Neutral overvoltage protection U0 59N Table 9 2 1 12 344 Technical data for the neutral overvoltage function Measurement inputs Voltage input selectable Residual voltage from U3 or U4 voltage channel Residual voltage calculated from UL1 UL2 UL3 Voltage input magnitudes RMS residual voltage U0 Cal...

Page 405: ... up setting 1 00 80 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite Time UM USET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B IDMT constant C IDMT constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0...

Page 406: ...x step size 100 mHz Reset Reset ratio 0 020 Hz Instant reset time and start up reset IM ISET ratio 50 mHz Fixed IM ISET ratio 50 mHz Tracking 110 ms max step size 100 mHz 3 cycles or 70 ms max step size 100 mHz No Not te e The secondary voltage must exceed 2 volts or the current must exceed 0 25 amperes peak to peak in order for the function to measure frequency The frequency is measured two secon...

Page 407: ...r a signal is received 9 2 1 16 Line thermal overload protection TF 49F Table 9 2 1 16 348 Technical data for the line thermal overload protection function Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Current input magnitudes TRMS phase currents up to the 31st harmonic Settings Time constants τ 1 Time constant value 0 0 500 00 min step 0 1 min Service factor maximum ove...

Page 408: ...ime setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 000 150 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 35 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms No Not te e Voltage measurement starts from 0 5 V and current measurement from 50 mA In case either or both are missing the power measurement is forced to 0 kW If the settings allow it low power blocking 0 kW the P might be in the trip state during this condition The trip is rele...

Page 409: ...perate below the relay s current squelch limit 25 mA on the relay terminal With very small under power pick up settings time delay inaccuracy might double 9 2 1 19 Non directional undercurrent protection I 37 Table 9 2 1 19 351 Technical data for the undercurrent function Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Current input magnitudes RMS phase currents Pick up Pi...

Page 410: ...ased phase current measurement Sample based residual current measurement Arc point sensor inputs Channels S1 S2 S3 S4 pressure and light sensor or light only sensor Up to four 4 sensors per channel System frequency operating range 6 00 75 00 Hz Pick up Pick up current setting phase current Pick up current setting residual current Pick up light intensity 0 50 40 00 IN setting step 0 01 IN 0 10 40 0...

Page 411: ... object control and monitoring function Signals Input signals Digital inputs Software signals Output signals Close command output Open command output Operation time Breaker traverse time setting 0 02 500 00 s setting step 0 02 s Max close open command pulse length 0 02 500 00 s setting step 0 02 s Control termination time out setting 0 02 500 00 s setting step 0 02 s Inaccuracy Definite time opera...

Page 412: ... on to fault function Initialization signals SOTF activate input Any IED blocking input signal Object closed signal etc Pick up SOTF function input Any IED blocking input signal I or similar SOTF activation time Activation time 40 ms measured from the trip contact SOTF release time Release time setting 0 000 1800 000 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time 1 0 or 30 ms SOTF instant release...

Page 413: ...n relays 9 2 3 2 Voltage transformer supervision 60 Table 9 2 3 2 359 Technical data for the voltage transformer supervision function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 UL31 Voltage input magnitudes RMS line to line or line to neutral voltages Pick up Pick up settings Voltage low pick up Voltage high pick up Angle shift limit 0 05 0 50 UN setting step 0 01 UN 0 50 1 10 UN sett...

Page 414: ...N 0 2 of the measured current rest 0 5 0 5 of operations deducted 9 2 3 4 Total harmonic distortion Table 9 2 3 4 361 Technical data for the total harmonic distortion function Input signals Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Residual current channel I01 Coarse Residual current channel I02 Fine Current input magnitudes Current measurement channels FFT result up to the 31st harmon...

Page 415: ...hnical data for the event logger function General information Event history capacity 15 000 events Event timestamp resolution 0 001 seconds 9 3 Tests and environmental Electrical environment compatibility Table 9 3 364 Disturbance tests All tests CE approved and tested according to EN 60255 26 Emissions Conducted emissions EN 60255 26 Ch 5 2 CISPR 22 150 kHz 30 MHz Radiated emissions EN 60255 26 C...

Page 416: ... and bump test EN 60255 1 EN 60255 27 IEC 60255 21 2 20 g 1 000 bumps dir Table 9 3 367 Environmental tests Damp heat cyclic EN 60255 1 IEC 60068 2 30 Operational 25 55 C 93 97 RH 12 12h Dry heat EN 60255 1 IEC 60068 2 2 Storage 70 C 16 h Operational 55 C 16 h Cold test EN 60255 1 IEC 60068 2 1 Storage 40 C 16 h Operational 20 C 16 h Table 9 3 368 Environmental conditions IP classes Casing protect...

Page 417: ...kaging net Dimensions Height 208 mm Width 257 mm rack Depth 165 mm no cards or connectors Weight 1 5 kg With packaging gross Dimensions Height 250 mm Width 343 mm Depth 256 mm Weight 2 0 kg A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 415 ...

Page 418: ...ADAM 4015 CE External 6 channel 2 or 3 wires RTD Input module pre configured Requires an external power module Advanced Co Ltd ADAM 4018 BE External 8 ch Thermocouple mA Input module pre configured Requires an external power module Advanced Co Ltd A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 416 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

Page 419: ...t 50 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit 8 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02B Pressure and light point sensor unit 25 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02C Pressure and light point sensor unit 50 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 0...

Page 420: ...nd postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Website arcteq fi Technical support support arcteq fi 358 10 3221 388 EET 9 00 17 00 E mail sales sales arcteq fi A AQ Q C255 C255 Instruction manual Version 2 06 418 Arcteq Relays Ltd IM00035 ...

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