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AEA PAKRATT PK-232, Operating Manual

The AEA PAKRATT PK-232 offers seamless communication and data transfer capabilities, making it an essential tool for tech enthusiasts. For a comprehensive understanding of its features and operations, the Technical Reference Manual is available for free download at manualshive.com. Unlock the device's full potential with this easily accessible manual.

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USER'S GUIDE

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS

PK232UG Rev. E 9/87

H-2

194

Summary of Contents for PAKRATT PK-232

Page 1: ...ADVANCED ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS INC PAKRATT MODEL PK 232 Multi Mode Data Controller Operating Manual ...

Page 2: ...on If this equipment does cause interference to radio or TV reception which can be de termined by turning the PK 232 on and off the user is encouraged to try and correct the interfer ence using one or more of the following measures Reorient the antenna of the device receiving interference Relocate the computer with respect to this device Plug the computer into a different outlet so the computer an...

Page 3: ...ication and troubleshooting assistance may be had by calling AEA during our 8 12 1 4 30 working hours in Seattle WA Ask for the Customer Service Department The phone number is 206 775 7373 Please have your product serial number and version date of the software available The version date is on the first screen that comes up when you turn on the PK 232 We will also need to know the nature of any oth...

Page 4: ... which case it will go back UPS Blue COD or 2 If you designate billing to VISA or MASTERCARD or 3 you enclose a BLANK personal check endorsed not to exceed or 4 you specify some other method of return We will typically service the product in two or three days if we have all the facts If we must call you it may take longer PLEASE if you send it in include a letter stating the problem and were you c...

Page 5: ...led with significant enhancements based on the experience gained by thousands of TAPR equipped amateur packet stations worldwide This manual is your guide into the realm of digital Amateur Radio Join a Packet Club Sbscribe To Newsletters Join a Voice Net Join a Packet Radio club they exist in all states as of this writing You might also subscribe to the ARRL publication Gateway which describes all...

Page 6: ...ion 2 1 19 2 1 3 1 Initial Control Settings 2 1 19 2 1 3 2 Power Connections 2 1 19 2 1 3 3 Radio Input and Output Connections 2 2 20 2 1 3 4 Computer Connections 2 2 20 2 1 4 Controls 2 3 21 2 1 5 Indicators 2 3 21 2 1 5 1 Status LEDs 2 3 21 2 1 5 2 Mode LEDs 2 3 21 2 1 5 3 Tuning Indicator 2 3 21 2 2 Serial Port Configuration 2 4 22 2 3 Screen Display 2 4 22 2 3 1 Echoes 2 5 23 2 3 2 Line Feeds ...

Page 7: ...s 3 3 39 3 3 1 Entering Commands 3 3 39 3 3 2 Command Responses 3 3 39 3 3 3 Error Messages 3 4 40 3 3 4 Command Names 3 4 40 3 3 5 Default Values 3 5 41 3 3 6 Parameters Arguments and Values 3 5 41 3 3 7 Using Commands Without Arguments 3 7 43 3 3 8 PK 232 Controller Messages 3 7 43 3 3 8 1 General Messages 3 7 43 3 3 8 2 Command Mode Error Messages 3 8 44 3 3 9 Link Status Messages 3 9 45 3 3 10...

Page 8: ... 4 3 56 4 2 4 Special Morse Characters 4 4 57 4 2 5 Morse Code Practice 4 4 57 4 3 Baudot RTTY Operation 4 4 57 4 3 1 Transmit Receive Function Keys 4 5 58 4 3 2 Baud Rate Speed Change 4 5 58 4 3 3 CCITT On Off 4 6 59 4 3 4 Unshift On Space 4 6 59 4 4 ASCII RTTY Operation 4 6 59 4 4 1 Transmit Receive Function Keys 4 7 60 4 4 2 Baud Rate Speed Change 4 7 60 4 4 3 General Use of Control Key Functio...

Page 9: ...Packet Character 4 20 73 4 6 6 3 Return to Command Mode 4 20 73 4 6 6 4 Return to Converse Mode 4 21 74 4 6 6 5 Terminate the Link Disconnect 4 21 74 4 6 7 You First Packet QSO 4 21 74 4 6 7 1 System Cable and Switch Check 4 21 74 4 6 7 2 Starting the QSO 4 22 75 4 6 7 3 What If 4 22 75 4 6 8 Automatic Operation 4 23 76 4 6 8 1 Beacon Operation 4 23 76 4 6 8 2 Will You Accept Connections 4 24 77 4...

Page 10: ... 92 5 2 1 1 Special Characters in Command Mode 5 1 92 5 2 1 2 Display Control in Command Mode 5 2 93 5 3 Flow Control 5 2 93 5 3 1 Type in Flow Control 5 2 93 5 3 2 Data Flow Control 5 3 94 5 3 2 1 XON XOFF Software Flow Control 5 3 94 5 3 2 2 Hardware Flow Control 5 4 95 5 4 Data Transfer Modes 5 4 95 5 4 1 Converse Mode 5 5 96 5 4 1 1 SENDPAC Character 5 5 96 5 4 1 2 CANPAC Character 5 5 96 5 4 ...

Page 11: ...er Messages 6 6 108 6 4 1 General 6 6 108 6 4 2 Command Mode Error Messages 6 7 109 6 4 3 Link Status Messages 6 8 110 6 5 Special Keyboard Control Codes 6 10 112 6 5 1 Morse Code 6 10 112 6 5 2 Baudot and ASCII RTTY 6 10 112 6 5 3 AMTOR Mode 6 11 113 6 5 4 Clear String Commands 6 11 113 6 6 Specific Commands 6 11 113 8BITCONV 6 12 114 AAB 6 12 114 ABAUD 6 12 114 ACHG 6 13 115 ACRDISP 6 13 115 ACR...

Page 12: ...ATUS 6 32 134 CTEXT 6 33 135 CWID 6 34 136 DAYTIME 6 35 137 DAYSTAMP 6 36 138 DELETE 6 36 138 DFROM 6 36 138 DISCONNE 6 37 139 DISPLAY 6 37 139 DWAIT 6 38 140 EAS 6 39 141 ECHO 6 39 141 ESCAPE 6 40 142 FEC 6 40 142 FLOW 6 40 142 FRACK 6 41 143 FULLDUP 6 41 143 HBAUD 6 42 144 HEADERLN 6 42 144 HELP 6 43 145 HID 6 43 145 HOST 6 43 145 ID 6 44 146 LCOK 6 44 146 LOCK 6 45 147 MAXFRAME 6 45 147 MBX 6 4...

Page 13: ...PASSALL 6 59 161 RBAUD 6 59 161 RCVE 6 60 162 RECEIVE 6 60 162 REDISPLA 6 60 162 RESET 6 61 163 RESPTIME 6 61 163 RESTART 6 61 163 RETRY 6 61 163 RXREV 6 62 164 SELFEC 6 62 164 SENDPAC 6 62 164 SQUELCH 6 63 165 SRXALL 6 63 165 START 6 63 165 STOP 6 64 166 TBAUD 6 64 166 TCLEAR 6 64 166 TIME 6 65 167 TRACE 6 65 167 TRANS 6 66 168 TRFLOW 6 66 168 TRIES 6 66 168 TXDELAY 6 67 169 TXFLOW 6 67 169 TXREV...

Page 14: ...NAL HF AMTOR CALLING FREQUENCIES C 1 178 APPENDIX D AMTOR OPERATING SUGGESTIONS FROM G3PLX D 1 179 APPENDIX E AMTOR THEORY E 1 185 APPENDIX F ASYNCHRONOUS VERSUS SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION F 1 188 APPENDIX G DATA TRANSMISSION CODES G 1 189 APPENDIX H SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS H 1 193 APPENDIX I PARTS PICTORIAL I 1 195 APPENDIX J PARTS LIST J 1 196 APPENDIX K SPECIFIC RADIO CONNECTIONS K 1 198 APPENDIX L LI...

Page 15: ...on operation with nonstan dard interfaces or terminals please contact AEA 1 3 1 Application Your PK 232 Data Controller is the connection between your radios and computer or ter minal The PK 232 provides all of the decoding encoding and transmitter control routines needed to send and receive Morse code Baudot and ASCII RTTY RadioTeleTypewriter AMTOR and Packet Radio You can use your computer or da...

Page 16: ...roprocessor RAM 16 kilobytes ROM Up to 48 kilobytes of ROM may be used Hardware HDLC Zilog 8530 SCC 1 3 2 4 Input Output Connections Radio Interface Two five pin TTL connectors selectable on the front panel Input output Lines Receive audio Transmit audio Push To Talk PTT External squelch input Ground External modem connector Five pin TTL TXD RXD DCD PTT Ground Direct FSK Outputs Normal and reverse...

Page 17: ...cket Radio using the AX 25 international packet protocol o Host Mode including raw HDLC mode o Link and terminal data rates to 9600 bits per second o Amtor error correcting operation using Mode A ARQ Mode B FEC Mode L ARQ Listen and SELFEC selective FEC o Baudot RTTY at standard speeds 45 50 57 75 and 100 bauds 60 66 75 100 and 132 WPM o Baudot RTTY Unshift On Space USOS o Baudot CCITT Internation...

Page 18: ...d retrieve messages for transmis sion Although highly desirable these peripheral or I O devices are not needed for PK 232 operation NOTE In this User s Guide the terms computer and terminal mean the same thing the keyboard and monitor you use to communicate with your PK 232 1 4 2 System Transmitter Receiver Performance Requirements Most modern radio transceivers are capable of excellent performanc...

Page 19: ...e made with the best commercial quality shielded materials and that careful and correct grounding and bonding procedures be observed in the installation of the radio equipment being used with your PK 232 2 1 3 Installation The following sections describe the initial settings of the switches connectors and their connections to your computer and your radio 2 1 3 1 Initial Control Settings For initia...

Page 20: ...TT common return PK 232 keys transmitter Table 2 1 J4 and J6 Radio Port Connectors 2 1 3 4 Computer Connections See Table 1 2 The PK 232 s rear panel serial port connector carries data and control signals between your computer and the PK 232 The minimum number of pins that must be connected is shown in Table 2 2 The PK 232 is connected to a computer just like you connect a RS 232C modem If you now...

Page 21: ...Ready to receive ARQ or FEC STA Packetframe s unacknowledged CON Packet link is in connected state RQ In ARQ Requests for repetition from distant station CMD In Packet System is in Command Mode TFC In ARQ System is sending receiving traffic data TRANS In Packet System is in Transparent Mode OVER AMTOR changeover 2 1 5 2 Mode LEDs STBY ARQ Standby ready to answer SELCAL or display FEC MODE L ARQ Li...

Page 22: ...ommon parity and word length combinations are seven bits even parity and one stop bit Your computer will probably accept the PK 232 s default setting even if it actually uses a dif ferent setting If your computer requires eight data bits you may have to set parity to none otherwise text may be interpreted as graphics or other special characters To set eight bits space parity type AWLEN 8 8 bit wor...

Page 23: ...o restore the PK 232 s auto matic line feeds 2 3 3 Screen Width The screen width default value is 80 the width of many CRT displays The PK 232 sends an extra CR or CR LF if ALSDSISP is ON when 80 characters have been dis played on a line If your computer does not automatically break long lines o Set ACRDISP the screen width to the width of your display o For a computer using a TV set for a display...

Page 24: ... right away Please type a star for auto baud routine If this message appears go to Step 9 now If you re using your computer or terminal at a different data rate your screen may show meaningless junk characters If true go to Step 9 now Don t panic your PK 232 is doing its auto baud routine with which it will measure your computer s data rate and set itself accordingly The PK 232 scans for baud rate...

Page 25: ...ed by a RETURN Your monitor should respond with HBAUD was 1200 Type K followed by a RETURN Your monitor should echo the characters you ve just typed Type CONTROL C Your monitor should respond with cmd Type D followed by a RETURN Your monitor should respond with DISCONNECTED AAA If you ve done all the above steps successfully you ve completed the system quick check you re ready to begin operating I...

Page 26: ...ecial characters I Identification parameters L Link parameters M Monitor parameters R RTTY parameters includes Morse Baudot ASCII and AMTOR T Timing parameters Z All parameters displayed The following paragraphs list the commands by class with a brief explanation of each command s function 2 5 3 Display Asynchronous Port Parameters cmd disp a 8BITCONV OFF Strip bit 7 in CONVERSE ACRDISP 80 Screen ...

Page 27: ...M Character that sends a packet START 11 CTRL Q Resume sending data to terminal STOP 13 CTRL S Stop sending data to terminal TIME 14 CTRL T Insert send time in text XOFF 13 CTRL S Stop sending data to terminal XON 11 CTRL Q Resume sending data to terminal 2 5 5 Display Identification Parameters cmd disp i UNPROTO CQ Path adress to send UI frames AAB PK 232 0 17 character answerback WRU BEACON EVER...

Page 28: ...LEN 128 of user typed bytes in Packet PASSALL OFF Ignore CRC in HDLC Junk Mode RETRY 10 Maximum number of frame repeats TRIES 0 Show or force retry count USERS 1 of multi connections allowed VHF ON Packet wide or narrow shift XMITOK ON PTT line can be keyed 2 5 7 Display Monitor Parameters cmd disp m CONSTAMP OFF Mark connections with time date DAYSTAMP OFF Include DATE in time stamp HEADERLN ON I...

Page 29: ... data sense SQUELCH OFF Select receiver squelch polarity TXREV OFF Reverse transmitter data sense USOS OFF RTTY Unshift On Space WIDESHIFT OFF RTTY wide or narrow shift WORDOUT OFF RTTY word or character output 2 5 9 Display Timing Parameters cmd disp t AXDELAY 0 Repeater key up delay 10 ms AXHANG 0 Repeater hang time 10 ms CHECK 30 Idle link timeout 10 seconds CMDTIME 1 Transparent Mode escape ti...

Page 30: ...rent operating mode PACKET Start Packet Mode RCVE Switch to receive Morse RTTY AMTOR RESET RESET bbRAM to factory defaults RESTART Same as power on off reset SELFEC Start AMTOR Selective FEC call SELCAL TCLEAR Non Packet clear Transmit Buffer TRANS Start Transparent Data Mode XMIT Start transmission key PTT 2 7 Quick Start Radio Connections and Set Up Let s go through a simple step by step routine...

Page 31: ...n on using both HF and VHF radios prepare the two cables with suitable microphone plugs Quick Start requires that you have a second receiver in your shack so that you can listen to your own signal Read the remainder of this chapter carefully before connecting your PK 232 to your radio IMPORTANT NOTE MAKE SURE THAT THE RADIO CABLES EXIT DOWNWARD FROM THE TWO RADIO JACKS ON THE REAR PANEL ALTHOUGH N...

Page 32: ... ter automatically after 60 sixty seconds As you perform the following ad justments unkey periodically then rekey the transmitter by typing K 4 Enter the Calibrate mode by typing CAL RETURN 5 Press the K key on the keyboard to key the transmitter You should hear a continuous tone in the monitor receiver 6 Tap the space bar several times until the higher pitched of the two tones space is heard 7 Pr...

Page 33: ...ing precau tions o Set VOX to OFF o Set speech compression to OFF o Set AGC to FAST if available o Disconnect the ALC cables between your SSB radio and any external RF amplifier you wish to use in AMTOR or Packet Radio service Remember Baudot ASCII RTTY and Node B FEC AMTOR are continuous key down conditions your radio s duty cycle is 100 for the duration of each transmission If your SSB radio isn...

Page 34: ...til you hear the lower pitched of the two tones mark 10 Press K again to unkey the transmitter 11 With the PK 232 keying the transmitter and transmitting the lower of the two tones adjust the transmit audio level as follows o Rotate the microphone gain control clockwise to about one quarter open o Turn the PK 232 s rear panel AFSK Output Level adjustment screw clockwise CW until the ALC meter show...

Page 35: ...ded for Mode A ARQ AMTOR or data speeds in ex cess of 110 bauds 100 WPM in either Baudot or ASCII To install and operate your PK 232 and radio in the FSK mode 1 Connect a shielded cable from the PK 232 s J7 DIN receptacle pin 1 or 4 to the ra dio s FSK input NOTE Polarity of the FSK signals which are DC rather than audio is not standar dized by the radio manufacturers Consult the manufacturer s in...

Page 36: ...ethod you ll use the same cables and connections to the microphone input circuits previously described for RTTY AMTOR and Packet 1 Connect your radio to a dummy load 2 Set your radio s Mode Selector switch to the USB or LSB position Your PK 232 will key the PTT line and send a keyed single audio tone to the radio s microphone input 3 While typing random letters at your keyboard adjust the radio s ...

Page 37: ...PK 232 s front panel as we re view the LEDs and their meanings 3 2 1 Status Indicator LEDs ERROR ARQ Error Lit when system receives errors from the distant sta tion IDLE ARQ FEC Idle Lit when system sends synchronizing or idle characters PHASE ARQ Phasing Lit when system sends SELCAL or phasing signals to distant station STBY ARQ Standby Lit when system is available to answer ARQ SELCAL from dista...

Page 38: ...K 232 should be lit for the duration of the received Packet frame If the DCD LED is lit by random noise rotate the THRESHOLD control counterclockwise until the DCD LED is extinguished Valid received packets will almost always light the DCD LED although your PK 232 may actually decode packets too weak to light the DCD LED 3 2 3 LED at System Start You PK 232 always starts in the Command Mode At sys...

Page 39: ...trings of characters chosen by the user You ll probably never change the values of some parameters however each user has maximum flexibility to adapt the PK 232 to the local environment and operating condi tions o Use either upper case capital letters or lower case small letters when entering commands o End the command with a carriage return CR Carriage returns are not shown in the examples below ...

Page 40: ...command What cmd BEACON E A parameter was left out bad cmd PACLEN 265 Unacceptable numerical value range cmd DAY You didn t set the PK 232 s clock clock not set cmd x Command is not valid for the mode in use not while in PACKET cmd C N6IA Command is not valid for the mode in use not while in MORSE cmd C N6IA Command is not valid for the mode in use not while in ASCII cmd C N6IA Command is not vali...

Page 41: ...P has a Boolean parameter o The value that fill this parameter is either ON or OFF When you type FULLDUP ON FULLDUP is the command ON is its argument the value you want the PK 232 to use to execute the command FULLDUP o Immediate commands such as ID have no parameters Typing only ID causes the PK 232 to execute the command Some commands such as CONNECT have optional parameters o If you enter CONNE...

Page 42: ...message or CTEXT connect message can be en tered in upper or lower case A text parameter can include numbers spaces and punctuation The text is accepted exactly as you type it Some commands require call signs as parameters These parameters are usually amateur call signs but may be any string of numbers and at least one letter up to six characters the character strings identify stations sending and...

Page 43: ...table entry would be C WX1AAA V WX2BBB WX3CCC 3 3 7 Using Commands Without Arguments If you type a command name without an argument the current value of the command s argument is displayed For example cmd MDIGI Y Sets the value to YES ON MDIGI WAS OFF Displays the previous value cmd MDIGI Command with no argument MDIGI ON Displays the present value NOTE The DISPLAY command shows you the values of ...

Page 44: ...displayed This confirm that the PK 232 properly interpreted your command and re minds you of what you have done 3 3 8 2 Command Mode Error Messages An error massage will displayed if you make a mistake typing a command to the PK 232 Depending on the type of error you ve made you may see the following mes sages bad You typed a command correctly but the parameters arguments or values in the com mand...

Page 45: ...L2V2 while in a connected or connecting state range You gave a numeric argument too large for that specific command too many packets outstanding You ll get this massage after a CONVERSE or TRANS command if you ve already typed packet data and filled the outgoing buffer and then tried to return to the Command Mode You ll be allowed to enter the mode after some of the packets have been suc cessfully...

Page 46: ...tate a disconnect command starts the disconnect process o CONNECTED to call1 VIA call2 call3 call9 This message appears when your PK 232 switches from the disconnected or con nect in progress state to the connected state The connection may be a result of a CONNECT command typed by you or a connect request packet received from a dis tant station o Connect request call1 VIA call2 call3 call9 Your PK...

Page 47: ...otocol error as described above This mes sage will not appear if your PK 232 is in Transparent Mode 3 3 10 Special Keyboard Control Codes Except for Packet operation each operating mode assigns special uses for certain key board characters The assigned function depends on the mode and except where noted is typing from the Command Mode 3 3 10 1 Morse Code From Command Mode L Locks to speed of the r...

Page 48: ...O CFROM DFROM 3 3 11 Detailed Command Descriptions Chapter 5 Command Summary presents detailed descriptions of each command con tained in the PK 232 s operating system software You ll find more information on the meaning use and effects of each command its parameters default values and argu ments Examples of command usage are included 3 4 General Operating Information Before we discuss the specifi...

Page 49: ...t time in format HH MM where HH is the hour in the 24 hour system and MM is the minute The colon is transmitted in all codes including Morse If DAYSTAMP is ON the date is included with the time 3 4 1 5 CW Identifier CTRL F In the Baudot and ASCII RTTY modes you can insert the character specified by the CWID command default CTRL F as you type live into the PK 232 s transmit buf fer or you can write...

Page 50: ... by the PK 232 don t type it as part of your answerback text 3 4 1 8 WRU Who Are You Use the WRU feature in Baudot and AMTOR to enable or disable your PK 232 s auto matic answerback feature The default value is OFF If WRU is set ON your PK 232 send your answerback on receipt of a distant station s WRU request character FIGS D or Your PK 232 turns on your transmitter sends the text string stored in...

Page 51: ...3 4 2 4 Line Feed CTRL J CTRL J is part of the standard terminal keyboard RETURN or ENTER key oper ation and is normally send with a carriage return You can insert CTRL J in any text where you need an isolated line feed function with out an associated carriage return This is known as an index function in word process ing and can be useful when formatting text files in your buffers 3 4 2 5 Carriage...

Page 52: ... text into the transmit buffer and don t want the bother of watching the screen to see when you come to the end of a line The same restriction apply to this option as to the automatic carriage return option described above 3 4 2 8 Backspace and Delete DEL Use your keyboard s BACKSPACE to backspace Depending on how you ve set the BKONDEL and DELETE parameters your BACKSPACE key may be a destructive...

Page 53: ... charac ters appear on your screen at the time it is sent to the air Type EAS OFF to see your typing exactly as you type the characters or send from a disk file The PK 232 responds with EAS was ON Type EAS ON to see the data as it appears on the air The PK 232 responds with EAS was OFF 3 4 2 11 Clear transmit Buffer TCLEAR Use the TCLEAR command to clear your PK 232 s transmit buffer and cancel an...

Page 54: ...ll character set found in ASCII The Baudot Murray code is still the most widely used RTTY in the amateur radio service in the world 4 1 3 ASCII RTTY The ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange code is also known as International Alphabet Number 5 ASCII is a seven bit asynchronous transmission code used to send text or data traffic that requires a more complete character set than t...

Page 55: ...ility of text and data transmission Your PK 232 uses the AX 25 Packet protocol AX 25 is based on the international protocols standardized throughout the telephone net works It has been modified within our fraternity for use in amateur radio We ll discuss each of the operating modes separately in the following paragraphs For a more detailed discussion of appropriate amateur radio applications of AS...

Page 56: ...nual you ll learn how to use the PK 232 program with your computer to improve your own CW fist 4 2 2 Speed Change Use the MSPEED command to change Morse keying speed Type MSPEED Return or MSP RETURN to read the present Morse speed The PK 232 responds with MSPEED 20 Type MSPEED followed by one or two digits from 5 to 99 and a RETURN The PK 232 responds with the previous Morse speed MSPEED was 20 Th...

Page 57: ...ur radio has an input monitor or sidetone output your hand keying will be sent to the PK 232 and displayed on your monitor Send test words for a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the relationship between your hand keying at various speeds observe how the system decodes your fist You may be a bit unhappy or surprised at the quality of your keying After a few sessions you ll notice an improve...

Page 58: ...rate Type RBAUD RETURN or RB RETURN to read the present baud rate The PK 232 re sponds with RBAUD 45 Type RBAUD followed two or three digits and a RETURN The PK 232 responds with the new baud rate RBAUD was 45 The number you enter becomes the new data rate and replaces the value previously stored in the program You can also change the baud rate one step up or down one step at a time by typing RB U...

Page 59: ... RTTY under poor HF receiving conditions a received LETTERS SHIFT character can be garbled or another character can be wrongly interpreted as a FIGURES SHIFT character Many otherwise good characters received after this point would be interpreted as upper case number and punctuations rather than the lower case let ters typed by the originating station USOS helps reduce reception errors under these ...

Page 60: ...ge Use the ABAUD command to change the ASCII data rate Type ABAUD RETURN or AB RETURN to read the present baud rate The PK 232 re sponds with ABAUD 110 Type ABAUD followed two or three digits and a RETURN The PK 232 responds with the new baud rate ABAUD was 110 The number you enter becomes the new data rate and replaces the value previously stored in the program You can also change the baud rate o...

Page 61: ... CTRL L CTRL M CTRL N CTRL O CTRL P CTRL Q CTRL R CTRL S CTRL T CTRL U CTRL V CTRL W CTRL X CTRL Y CTRL Z CTRL CTRL CTRL CTRL CTRL _ SPACE DELETE NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US SP DEL Null or blank Start of Heading Start of Text End of Text End of Transmission Enquiry Acknowledge Bell or Alarm Backspace Horizontal ...

Page 62: ...er immediately 4 5 2 Speed Change Not Permitted In accordance with FCC Part 97 69 and international regulations AMTOR is operated at one speed only 100 bauds The PK 232 does not permit AMTOR operation at any other speed 4 5 3 SELCAL Selective Sequential Calling AMTOR operating modes require a SELCAL Selective Sequential Calling code This unique character sequence must contain four alphabetic chara...

Page 63: ...on in another call district or zone is also active on AMTOR and may be using the same SELCAL you can derive your own unique SELCAL by substituting a letter for your call district number Use the letter corresponding to the call district num ber as it appears on the keys of a standard typewriter or Baudot RTTY keyboard Let s assume that your call sign is N7ML You discover that there is another stati...

Page 64: ...he delay between your typing and the appearance of your characters on the screen indicates the quality of the radio link quite accurately The better the link be tween you and the distant station the faster your typed characters will scroll across your screen If your typing does not appear on your screen the distant station is not receiving valid data from you and the automatic error detection and ...

Page 65: ...peration Don t bother with KKK at the end of your turn the system does it all for you when you type The FCC requires station identification once every ten minutes It s sufficient to begin with QRA mycall or end your transmission with QRA mycall before the change over code 4 5 4 3 Mode A ARQ Break in ACHG Command In Mode A ARQ when you re the Information Receiving Station you can use the ACHG comma...

Page 66: ...t link If the stations you re monitoring are sending error codes and RQ codes and repeating blocks of characters across their link you ll display the repeated character blocks If they re having link problems the data on your screen can look very strange indeed although the two synchronized stations are getting error free copy 4 5 6 Mode B FEC Call Starting the Contact After selecting AMTOR from th...

Page 67: ... 5 6 1 LED Status and Mode Indicators After typing FEC your PK 232 displays system status on its LEDs STATUS SEND lit IDLE lit TFC lit only briefly MODE FEC lit Your Transmitter is now keyed and sending the FEC idle signals As you type your comments or traffic the IDLE LED is extinguished the TFC LED is lit during the mo ments when your PK 232 is sending your data characters Whenever you stop typi...

Page 68: ... fast you type characters on our keyboard you will see them echoed on your screen only after the distant station partner in the AMTOR link has validated Ack d your block of three characters With EAS ON the characters will appear on your screen or printer only as the distant sta tion acknowledges them three at a time o If the data scrolls across your monitor at a nice even rate in rhythm with your ...

Page 69: ...use the PTT line from your interface o Turn off the AGC circuit use the RF gain control to prevent receiver blocking on stronger signals o Turn off all compression or other audio processing o Keep the AFSK audio input level to the microphone circuit as low as possible avoid overdriving the audio input stages o Disable the ALC circuit or reduce excessive ALC action use more effective RF anten na lo...

Page 70: ...monics or minimum abbreviations for each command as shown in the Command Summary chapter along with a full description of each command Your PK 232 automatically enters the Packet Mode when you first turn on the power or type the RESET command If you ve been in any other mode Type PACKET or PA followed by a RETURN The PK 232 answers with OPMODE was whatever mode you were in 4 6 1 Change Radio Link ...

Page 71: ...ntil you ve done this If you try to connect to a station without installing your call sign your PK 232 does not transmit but instead sends you this error message need MYCALL 4 6 2 2 Substation Identifiers SSIDs You can identify additional stations with the secondary station ID or SSID a number from 0 to 15 appended to the call sign by a dash cmd MYCALL WX2BBB 1 If you don t specify the SSID extens...

Page 72: ... to start new contacts Packet connections can also use digipeaters other Packet stations that relay packets au tomatically from one station to another over a specified route We re going to connect your PK 232 to itself to see how this works You ve already set the PK 232 up in loopback therefore your PK 232 will receive all the packets that it sends 4 6 5 LED Status and Mode Indicators Your PK 232 ...

Page 73: ...ers in a packet and transmit them We ll explain in the Command Summary chapter how you can use a different charac ter to send packets In the Converse Mode everything you type is assembled into a packet addressed and sent to the station to which you re connected If no connection QSO exists the packet is addressed to CQ or whatever address you ve typed into the UNPROTO field Your PK 232 entered Conv...

Page 74: ... to the desired station to begin the QSO o You sent and received messages o You disconnected from that station at the end of the QSO 4 6 7 Your First Packet QSO There are more features you should be familiar with for comfortable Packet operation but you re probably eager to get on the air and try your PK 232 so here goes Try to arrange with an experienced Packet operator to help you get started Be...

Page 75: ...lays nothing on your screen This is normal operation If your system still had any unacknowledged packets outstanding your PK 232 s STA Status LED would be lit but it s not Unless you set MONITOR to a value higher then 4 you won t display the ACK frames 4 6 7 3 What If If you have trouble connecting take a few minutes to check each of the following items Verify that o Your PK 232 s AFSK Output Leve...

Page 76: ...off the beacon Set your beacon text using the BTEXT commend Set the beacon timing interval using the BEACON EVERY or BEACON AFTER com mand For example to transmit your beacon at 15 minute 15 60 seconds intervals type cmd BEACON EVERY 90 Beacon is sent every 900 seconds cmd BEACON EVERY 0 Beacon is disabled EVERY sends your beacon text at regular intervals AFTER sends your beacon once after the spe...

Page 77: ...set to NONE your monitor displays Connect request call sign Your PK 232 sends the calling station a DM packet or busy signal The caller sees MYCALL busy DISCONNECTED call sign You can set the CFROM field to accept or reject call requests from specific stations To accept calls from one or more specific stations o Type CFROM YES plus a list of call signs Connect requests will be accepted only from l...

Page 78: ...elephone answering machine If you re not available to answer connect requests your PK 232 automatically sends the CTEXT message to each station that connects to your system The CTEXT message can be any text string up to 120 characters You can include CR s by prefixing them with the pass character CTRL V is the default cmd CTEXT Sorry I can t talk right now CTRL V CR I ll be on air again after 8 PM...

Page 79: ...rompt type CONNECT WX3CCC VIA WX2BBB You can specify a routing list of up to eight intermediate stations For example consider a modification of the example above ___ WX1AAA_____ _____WX3CCC WX4DDD WX5EEE WX2BBB has turned off his station but you can still contact WX3CCC by going around the mountain through WX4DDD and WX5EEE This time type the connect command like this cmd CONNECT WX3CCC VIA WX4DDD...

Page 80: ... to be used as a digipeater DFROM determines if your station will digipeat other stations and which stations pack ets will be digipeated DFROM works with four arguments ALL NONE YES and NO ALL and NONE are used alone and work this way o ALL your PK 232 will repeat packets from any station o NONE your PK 232 will not repeat packets from any station YES and NO work with a list of call signs o YES li...

Page 81: ...t get an ACK after that num ber of repeats it quits and show Retry count exceeded DISCONNECTED call sign 4 6 10 1 Retries While Connect The same try mechanism and count continues after the connection is established you re in Converse Mode and the QSO has started Each packet frame sent by your PK 232 must be acknowledged or ACKed by the other station and vice versa ACK means that the packet was rec...

Page 82: ...meaning of the MONITOR numbers are 0 Monitor is disabled 1 Only unnumbered unconnected frames are displayed Use this for an unproto round table type QSO Other connected stations using the frequency are not dis played This setting will also display beacons 2 Numbered I frames are also displayed I Frames are numbered in order of genera tion and appear in a connected transmission Use this to monitor ...

Page 83: ...by sending HEADERLN ON WX1AAA WX2BBB WX3CCC Hello Bill 4 6 11 3 Monitoring Other Stations While Connected Use the MCON command for selective monitoring of other traffic on the channel while connected to a distant station MCON works like MONITOR but affects your display while in the connected state As the value of MCON is increased additional functions are included in the monitoring sequences You P...

Page 84: ... signs Only packets from stations whose call signs are listed after YES will be displayed To hide or mask packets only from one or more specific stations type MFROM NO fol lowed by a list of call signs Only packets from stations whose call signs are listed after NO will not be displayed You can add optional SSIDs specified as n after the call sign If MFROM is set to NO N6IA or YES N6IA any combina...

Page 85: ...to stations whose call signs are listed after YES will be displayed To hide or mask packets addressed to one or more specific stations type MTO NO fol lowed by a list of call signs Only packets addressed to stations whose call signs are listed after NO will be hidden or masked You can add optional SSIDs specified as n after the call sign If MTO is set to NO WB9FLW or YES WB9FLW any combination of ...

Page 86: ...n specify up to four characters by giving the ASCII character code in hex or decimal Some examples follow o To prevent a CTRL L character from clearing your screen set MFILTER to 12 o To eliminate CTRL Z characters which some computer interpret as end of file markers set MFILTER to 26 o To prevent CTRL G characters from beeping your computer or terminal set MFILTER to 7 Enter the ASCII or hexadeci...

Page 87: ... the display is dd mm yy hh mm ss DAYTIME 08 Jul 86 06 57 33 The format for entering the date and time is yymmddhhmm where yy is the last two digits of the year 00 99 mm is the two digit month code 01 12 dd is the date 01 31 hh is the hour 00 23 mm is the minutes after the hour 00 59 cmd daytime 8607080657 4 6 13 Packet Formatting The PK 232 uses some special characters to control its operations M...

Page 88: ...re what your rub out key does try both settings of the DELETE command and see which work When you rub out typing errors your PK 232 tries to correct the screen display This works with most computers and display type terminals It won t work for hardcopy type terminals If your display doesn t look right after you rub out a character try setting BKONDEL OFF Your PK 232 won t correct the display but w...

Page 89: ...nd packet character to CR you ll probably want the CR to be included in the packet for display at the other end If you set the send packet character to a non printing character you ll probably want that character to be treated only as a command The ACRPACK command determines whether the send packet character is echoed and included in the packet You can add a LF after the CR in your packets by sett...

Page 90: ...SERS 3 allows incoming connections on logical channels 0 1 and 2 and so on through USERS 10 4 6 14 3 Select the CHSWITCH Character The CHSWITCH command selects the character used to show that a new multiple con nect channel is being addressed The value of n 0 to FF 0 to 255 decimal specifies an ASCII character CHSWITCH characters must not be one of the channel numbers 0 to 9 Your PK 232 s default ...

Page 91: ...r to using MRPT to show digipeat paths when monitoring the channel Set CHCALL ON if you intend to operate multiple connections 4 6 14 5 Display Doubled Characters The CHDOUBLE Command When CHDOUBLE is set ON your monitor displays received characters as doubled char acters if are the same as your CHSWITCH character Set CHDOUBLE ON when operating with multi connections to tell the difference be twee...

Page 92: ...rent Mode is a data mode like Converse Mode but is intended primarily for computer data interchange rather than human conversa tion 5 2 1 Command Mode Command Mode provides the communication or dialogue between your keyboard and your PK 232 nothing goes to the outside world You must use Command Mode to enter commands which alter the PK 232 s operating parameters When your PK 232 is in Com mand Mod...

Page 93: ...g system can handle it Some programs try to deal with this by pro viding data buffers for storing incoming data until the program is ready for it However this merely postpones the problem all buffers have size limitations To prevent loss of data the computer controls data flow by telling the other device to stop sending data until the computer can empty its buffer When the computer s buffer has be...

Page 94: ...ugh Some computers dis able interrupts during disk accesses If the program enters a routine which doesn t allow it to check for data or respond to it the computer should signal your PK 232 to stop send ing data Your PK 232 provides two methods of flow control o XON XOFF flow control sometimes called software flow control sends a special character usually CTRL S to stop the output and another speci...

Page 95: ... a given commu nication terminal program is written The XFLOW OFF command activates hardware flow control in Converse Mode and Com mand Mode Your computer may receive as many as two characters after it signals your PK 232 to stop sending some characters may be en route already through serial I O chips Refer to AEA s PK 232 Technical Manual for hardware flow control interface re quirements 5 4 Data...

Page 96: ...Because the BREAK signal is simple it s easy to generate a BREAK with circuitry outside the computer thus guaranteeing return to Command Mode in automatic station operation 5 4 1 1 SENDPAC Character The send packet character packetizes the typed characters for transmission If you type a full length packet of characters the default value is 128 character without typ ing the send packet character yo...

Page 97: ...rder bit from serial port ALFDISP Add LF after CR BKONDEL Echo after character deletion ECHO Automatic echo of serial input ESCAPE ESCAPE translation FLOW Type in flow control LCOK Lower case translation NUCR Nulls after CR NULF Nulls after LF NULLS Null count ACRDISP Automatic CR insertion after n characters 5 4 2 Transparent Mode Packet Radio is an ideal means of transferring data between comput...

Page 98: ...parent Mode also disables most of the link status messages that appear as your PK 232 cycles between the disconnected and connected states 5 4 2 3 Escape or Exit from Transparent Mode In order for the Command Mode entry character default CTRL C to be transmit ted freely in Transparent Mode escaping or exiting from Transparent Mode to Com mand Mode becomes a bit more complicated o Use BREAK to retu...

Page 99: ...CT com mand cmd UNPROTO QST VIA NK6K For example if you set UNPROTO to QST other stations will see your beacon like this MYCALL QST The default address for unconnected packets is CQ 5 5 3 PASSALL The Junque Mode PASSALL is sometimes known as the garbage mode PASSALL is useful in diagnosing connection failures and protocol problems It s really not very useful in ordinary packet operations If PASSAL...

Page 100: ... period in which your PK 232 is holding PTT active but not sending data your PK 232 transmits a series of contiguous synchronizing signals flags 5 5 4 2 AXDELAY and AXHANG You may require a longer key up delay when sending packets through an audio repeat er than normally needed for direct communications However the extra key up delay is not required if the repeater has not had time to drop since t...

Page 101: ...nnel to transmit packets wait for this time interval after the channel clears before transmitting This wait does not apply if the station is transmitting one or more digipeated packets This usu ally gives the digipeater a clear chance at the channel The DWAIT command sets your PK 232 s wait time in ten millisecond intervals If digi peating is not being done by anyone in your local area this parame...

Page 102: ...ed to a dis tant station when the other station disappears for longer than the specified time Your PK 232 uses this time somewhat differently depending on the setting of AX25L2V2 If AX25L2V2 is OFF a pre Version 2 0 connection the link is preserved by initiating a reconnect call the PK 232 returns to the connect in progress state and sends connect request SABM frames In addition the PK 232 adds a ...

Page 103: ...bbreviations that jog your memory made up of strings of characters that you type You ll may not change the values of some parameters however you have maximum flexi bility to adapt the PK 232 to your local environment and operating conditions o Use either upper case capital letters or lower case small letters when entering commands o End the command with a carriage return CR Carriage returns are no...

Page 104: ...short for busy channels WARNING BEACON too often o If you type an improper SELCAL call sign Here are a few more examples cmd ASDFASDF What This isn t a command cmd BEACON E bad A parameter was left out cmd PACLEN 265 range Unacceptable numerical value cmd DAY clock not set You didn t set the PK 232 s clock cmd x Command is invalid for the mode in use cmd C N6IA not while in PACKET Command is inval...

Page 105: ... command name as well as the default value For example o n means the command takes a numerical parameter value 6 2 2 Default Values Some commands have initial values that your PK 232 assumes as defaults or used most often These defaults are stored in EPROM and loaded into RAM when the PK 232 is first turned on or when you type the RESET command 6 3 Parameters Arguments and Values Some commands nee...

Page 106: ...exadecimal notation you must prefix the number you type with a charac ter The PK 232 displays some of these numeric parameters those which set special charac ters in hexadecimal format Here s a brief explanation of hex numbers o The digits of a hex number represent powers of 16 in the same manner as the power of 10 represented by a decimal number o The numbers 10 through 15 are indicated by hexade...

Page 107: ...ill help you understand these explanations o BEACON EVERY AFTER n The BEACON command requires an argument You must specify either EVERY or AFTER abbreviated to E or A followed by an argument n which you may choose from a range of values A typical appropriate entry would be BEACON EVERY 180 a beacon is sent ever 180 times 10 seconds every 30 minutes or BEACON EVERY 0 the beacon is not trans mitted ...

Page 108: ...32 loads the defaults in response to the RESET com mand cmd This is the Command Mode prompt When this prompt appears the PK 232 is waiting for you to issue a command Anything you type after this prompt up to and including the first CR is interpreted as a command to the PK 232 If a monitored packet has been displayed the prompt may not be visible even though you are in Command Mode You can type the...

Page 109: ...parameter and displays the date and time if it is given without parameters What Your first entry is not a command or a command abbreviation your PK 232 did not understand your instructions not enough You didn t type enough arguments for a command that expects several parameters For example CONNECT W2JUP VIA not while connected You attempted to change MYCALL or AX25L2V2 while in a connected or conn...

Page 110: ...ime from the Command Mode by typing the CONNECT command without parameters If you attempt a connection when your PK 232 is not in the disconnected state your mon itor displays the link status but takes no other action The following messages appear in response to the CONNECT command Link state is CONNECTED to call1 VIA call2 call3 call9 Your station is connected to a distant station you ll see the ...

Page 111: ...essage appears when your PK 232 switches from the disconnected or connect in progress state to the connected state The connection may be a result of a CONNECT command typed by you or a connect request packet received from a distant station Connect request call1 via call2 call3 call9 Your PK 232 has received but not accepted a connect request from a distant station This can happen if you ve set CFR...

Page 112: ...cimal format This message will not ap pear if your PK 232 is in Transparent Mode 6 5 Special Keyboard Control Codes Except for Packet operation each mode uses specific characters for special functions These functions vary with the mode and unless noted are typed from the Command Mode 6 5 1 Morse Code From Command Mode L Locks to speed of the received signal MO Unlocks from speed of received signal...

Page 113: ... Sends LETTERS character CTRL N Sends FIGURES character 6 5 4 Clear String Commands While in Command Mode the following commands can be cleared by typing the command word followed by a single percent sign an ampersand or N NO NONE OFF as the command s argument BTEXT CTEXT MBX MYALIAS MHEARD MFROM MTO CFROM DFROM 6 6 Specific Commands The following section contains detailed descriptions of the mean...

Page 114: ...ard seven bit ASCII character set bit seven is always re moved in Command Mode AAB text Mnemonic AA Default empty Mode Baudot ASCII AMTOR Parameters text Any combination of characters up to a maximum of 17 characters Use the AAB command to enter an acknowledgment text in the ANSWERBACK section of the PK 232 s memory AAB sends automatic confirmation in Baudot ASCII and AMTOR operation in re sponse ...

Page 115: ...nding station s transmission Use the ACHG command with care and only in situations where it essential to do so There are inherent reasons why recovery from such an interruption can result in garbled copy at one end of the contact in particular in FIGS garble If possible wait until the other station is idling before breaking in If the other station breaks in to your transmission it will probably he...

Page 116: ...en sending Baudot or ASCII RTTY the ACRRTTY feature automatically inserts and sends a car riage return at the first space character following the nth character or column After the line ending sequence is sent the character counter is reset to 0 zero and the count starts again Use this option when you are hand typing into the transmit buffer and don t want to be both ered by watching the screen or ...

Page 117: ...ffects are not provoked by the distant station before chang ing your defaults If changing your ADELAY values does not improve link performance reinstall your original or default values Because the ARQ mode allows 170 milliseconds for the signal to travel to the distant station and than return increasing ADELAY will reduce the maximum working distance At 300 kilometers per millisecond the maximum t...

Page 118: ... sent after each CR If ALFRTTY is set ON when transmitting Baudot or ASCII RTTY a line feed character is added and transmitted automatically after each CR character you type Use this option when you are hand typing into the transmit buffer and don t want to be both ered by watching the screen or worrying about line length or to see when you are coming to the end of a line There are several cases i...

Page 119: ... automatic access by and response to any AMTOR station that sends your SELCALL Your monitor will now display any inbound FEC Mode B transmissions on the received channel without any additional action on your part You must set MYSELCAL before you can use the AMTOR command ARQ aaaa Mnemonic AR Immediate Command Mode AMTOR Parameters aaaa The distant station s SELective CALling code ARQ is an immedia...

Page 120: ...input output I O terminal port and your computer or terminal program Set AWLEN to 7 for most packet operations such as conversation bulletin board operation and transmission of ASCII files If eight bit words are sent to the PK 232 in the Command or Converse Mode the eighth bit is nor mally removed leaving a standard ASCII character regardless of the setting of AWLEN All 8 data bits of each charact...

Page 121: ...crease channel efficiency when an audio repeater has a hang time greater than 100 milliseconds For a repeater with a long hang time it is not necessary to wait for the repeater keyup delay after keying the transmitter if the repeater is still transmitting When the PK 232 has heard a packet sent within the hang period it does not add the repeater keyup delay AXDELAY to the key up time If you are us...

Page 122: ...urther activity is detected This mode can be used to send announcements or test messages only when Packet stations are on the air Proper choice of n avoids cluttering a busy channel with lots of unnecessary transmissions Beacon frames from other Packet stations can be monitored by setting MONITOR in the range 1 6 If you set the BEACON timing less than 90 a value judged by most authoritative source...

Page 123: ...0RLI Use a N NO NONE or OFF as the first characters in the text to clear the BTEXT text without issuing the RESET Although the beacon subject is controversial in Packet circles you can use beacon texts intelli gently and benefit the Packet community Don t type your call sign in BTEXT the normal packet header shows it Don t fill BTEXT with screen graphics such as asterisks parentheses colons and se...

Page 124: ...K 232 NOTE Set D OFF to transmit a continuous mark or space tone CANLINE n Mnemonic CAN Default 18 CTRL X Mode All Parameters n 0 to 7F 0 to 127 decimal specifies an ASCII character code CANLINE changes the CANCEL LINE input editing command character The parameter n is the ASCII code for the character you want to use to cancel an input line You can enter the code in either hex or decimal For examp...

Page 125: ...se echoed are thrown away by the PK 232 Typing the cancel output character a second time restores normal output To see how this works type DISPLAY then type a CTRL Y The command list display will stop You won t see any response from the PK 232 to commands To verify that the display is back to normal type CTRL Y and then type DISPLAY again Use the CANCL DISPLAY feature if you inadvertently do somet...

Page 126: ... E R T Y U I O P Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L A S D F G H J K L Z X C V B N M Z X C V B N M If you set CCITT ON the PK 232 sends International Telegraph Alphabet 2 character set in Bau dot and AMTOR Modes LOWER CASE SET UPPER CASE SET 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Q W E R T Y U I O P Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L A S D F G H J K L Z X C V B N M Z X C V B N M NOTE FCC Part 97 69 b 1 calls fo...

Page 127: ...de optional SSIDs specified as n after the call sign If CFROM is set to no W2JUP or yes W2JUP any combination W2JUO W2JUO 1 W2JUP 15 will be matched and processed If CFROM is set to yes W2JUP 1 or no W2JUP 1 then only W2JUP 1 will match and be processed You can send your own connect command if you wish to chat with the calling station even thought his her call request has been rejected Clear CFROM...

Page 128: ...your multi connect conversations type CHSWITCH char acters 0 and 1 without a after them CHDOUBLE ON OFF Mnemonic CHD Default OFF Mode Packet Parameters ON Received CHSWITCH characters appear twice doubled OFF Received CHSWITCH characters appear once not doubled CHDOUBLE ON displays received CHSWITCH characters as doubled characters In the following example CHDOUBLE is ON and CHSWITCH is set to 7C ...

Page 129: ... AX25L2V2 is ON and packets have not been heard from the distant end for n times 10 sec onds your PK 232 sends a check packet to test if the link still exists to the other station The check packet frame contains no information but is interpreted by the distant station s TNC to see if it is still connected If the distant station s TNC is still connected the distant station sends an appropriate resp...

Page 130: ...he Converse Mode is used to exit Transparent Mode although the procedure is different The Command Mode entry characters is set by COMMAND Three Command Mode entry characters must be entered less than n seconds apart with no in tervening characters after a delay of n seconds following the last characters typed You will then see the normal Command Mode prompt cmd The following diagram illustrates th...

Page 131: ...ir on Packet Radio type CTRL C cmd See CMDTIME or the discussion of Transparent Mode for instructions on the Command Mode entry character to escape from Transparent Mode CONMODE CONVERSE TRANS Mnemonic CONM Default CONVERS Mode Packet Parameters CONVERSE Your PK 232 enters Converse Mode when a connection in established TRANS Your PK 232 enters Transparent Mode when a connection is estab lished CON...

Page 132: ... type CONNECT while your PK 232 is connected or trying to connect to or disconnect from a distant station your monitor will show Link state is CONNECT in progress If the distant station doesn t ack your connect request after the number of tries in RETRY the CONNECT command is canceled Your monitor displays cmd Retry count exceeded DISCONNECTED call sign To connect directly to WX1AAA you would type...

Page 133: ...ap plications Date and time must be set initially by the DAYTIME command before time stamping will occur For example if CONSTAMP is ON and the date and time have been set in the PK 232 a connect and disconnect sequence appears as follows cmd connect w2jup cmd 10 55 23 CONNECTED to W2JUP cmd disconnect cmd 10 55 59 DISCONNECTED W2JUP The CONNECT and DISCONNECT command can be abbreviated as shown be...

Page 134: ...32 then treats a CR as an ordinary character Set CPACTIME ON for a mode of operation similar to full break in CW Setting CPACTIME ON transmits your text soon after you type it in short bursts of a few charac ters The other station may break in at will Some operators find it easier to chat in this mode long delays are eliminated while long packets are being typed CRADD ON OFF Mnemonic CRA Default O...

Page 135: ...CC Ch 3 CONNECTED to WX4DDD Ch 4 CONNECT in progress Ch 5 DISCONNECTED Ch 6 DISCONNECTED Ch 7 CONNECTED to WX5EEE via WX6FFF Ch 8 DISCONNECTED Ch 9 DISCONNECTED This sample display shows that CHANNEL 0 has the input and output channels you re using it CHANNEL 1 is connected to WX2BBB permanently All other channels states are shown as they might appear with multiple connections CTEXT text Mnemonic ...

Page 136: ...send CWID control character typed at the end of your Baudot and ASCII RTTY keyboard dialogue or text file stored on disk When the PK 232 reads this specific character embedded at the end of the text or keyboard input it switches to the Morse Mode and sends your call sign in Morse code at the keying speed set by the MSPEED command As soon as your call sign has been sent in Morse the PK 232 turns of...

Page 137: ...long as it is powered up The clock is not set when the PK 232 is turned on The DAYTIME command displays the following error message cmd day clock not set You must reset date and time each time you turn on the PK 232 Otherwise CONSTAMP and MSTAMP won t stamp the time If you type DAYTIME without a parameter the PK 232 displays current date and time information The format of the display is dd m m yy ...

Page 138: ...cters type the redisplay line character which is set by the REDISPLA command DFROM all none yes no call1 call2 Mnemonic DF Default all Mode Packet Parameters call all none YES list NO list list of up to eight call signs separated by commas DFROM uses arguments to determines how your PK 232 responds to stations trying to use your station as a digipeater which stations will be repeated and which sta...

Page 139: ...wledge your discon nect command your PK 232 switches to the disconnected state If another disconnect command is entered while your PK 232 is trying to disconnect the retry count is immediately set to the maximum number In either case your monitor displays Retry count exceeded DISCONNECTED call sign Disconnect messages are not displayed when your PK 232 is in the Transparent Mode DISPLAY class Mnem...

Page 140: ...ast hearing data on the channel for the duration of the DWAIT Default wait time before it begins its transmitter keyup sequence Where ever possible the value of DWAIT should be agreed on by all stations in a local area when digipeaters are used in the area The best value will be determined by experimenting DWAIT is necessary because digipeated packets are not retried by the digipeater but are alwa...

Page 141: ... the distant station EAS has special significance in AMTOR Mode A ARQ If EAS is ON no matter how fast you type characters on your keyboard you ll see them echoed on your screen only after the distant station your partner in the AMTOR link has validates ack d your block of three characters With EAS ON the characters will appear on your screen or printer only as the distant station ac knowledges the...

Page 142: ...ll you back in ARQ with your SELCAL If you want replies only on FEC for example for contacts via a long path include that information in your CQ call see sample below Don t start typing right away Let your PK 232 begin each transmission with three to five sec onds of idling Under poor conditions this may help the distant station to tune your signal Avoid the RTTY practice of transmitting a line of...

Page 143: ...e resending or retrying that frame After sending a packet requiring acknowledgment the PK 232 waits for FRACK seconds before in crementing the retry counter and sending another frame If the packet address includes digipeat instructions the time between retries is adjusted to Retry interval in seconds n 2 m 1 where m is the number of intermediate relay stations When a packet is retried a random wai...

Page 144: ...versally accepted for FSK and AFSK operating using monobit data In these cases the terms bauds and bits per second mean the same thing Either term may be used HEADERLN ON OFF Mnemonic HE Default ON Mode Packet Parameters ON The header in a monitored packet is printed on a separate line from the text OFF The header and text of monitored packets are printed on the same line HEADERLN affects the disp...

Page 145: ...unsequenced I frame with your station identification MYCALL and MYALIAS in the data field Set HID ON to force your PK 232 to send an ID packet every 9 5 minutes when it s being used as a digipeater Set HID OFF to stop your PK 232 from sending any ID packets The HID identification packet is addressed to the CQ address set by the UNPROTO command Your station identification is the call sign you ve se...

Page 146: ...h and without a MYALIS with MONITOR set to 6 W2JUP 9 ID UI W2JUP 9 ID UI W2JUP digipeater BHTC W2JUP digipeater LCOK ON OFF Mnemonic LC Default ON Mode All Parameters ON The PK 232 sends lower cases characters to your computer or terminal OFF The PK 232 translates lower cases characters to upper case before sending characters to your computer or terminal When LCOK is OFF lower case characters in r...

Page 147: ...aters you can use the default value of MAXFRAME 4 When the amount of traffic the path in use the digipeaters involved or other variables not under your control make Packet operation difficult as shown by lots of retries you can actually improve your throughput by reducing MAXFRAME If packet traffic is heavy or the path is poor reduce MAXFRAME to 3 or 2 If you re sharing the channel with several PB...

Page 148: ...e source station originating the transmission is strong MCON n Mnemonic MC Default 0 zero Mode Packet Parameters n 0 to 6 signifies various levels of monitor indications Use MCON for selective monitoring of other packet traffic while connected to a distant station MCON works in similar fashion to MONITOR but affects your display only while in the connected state As the value of MCON settings is in...

Page 149: ...l Use MDIGI to see why your transmitter is being keyed when you re not actively involved in a com munication session or when your system is more active than you would expect When MDIGI is OFF you ll see those frames that include your station as one of the digipeaters if your monitor modes have been set this way If your monitor modes have not been set so you can see these frames set MDIGI ON to dis...

Page 150: ...y combination N6IA N6IA 1 N6IA 15 will be matched and processed If MFROM is set to YE N6IA 1 or NO N6IA 1 then only N6IA 1 will match and be processed When MFROM and MTO contain different types of arguments to avoid any possible conflict the arguments take the following priority 1 ALL 2 NO list 3 YES list 4 NONE Clear MFROM with or OFF as arguments MHEARD Mnemonic MH Immediate Command Mode Packet ...

Page 151: ...n 0 to 6 signifies various levels on monitor indications As the value of MONITOR settings is increased additional functions are included in the monitoring sequence The meanings of the parameter values are 0 All packet monitoring functions are disabled 1 Only unnumbered UI frames resulting from an unconnected transmission are displayed Use this for an unproto round table type QSO Other mutually con...

Page 152: ...4 W1AW 4 I 0 3 When MRPT is ON the call signs of all stations in the entire digipeat path are displayed The call signs of the stations heard directly are flagged with an asterisk W2JUP 4 WA1IXU W1AW 5 W1AW 4 I 0 3 NOTE These actual samples were taken with MONITOR set to 6 MSPEED n Mnemonic MSP Default 20 WPM Mode Morse Parameters n 5 to 99 signifies your PK 232 s Morse transmit speed The MSPEED co...

Page 153: ... list list of up to eight call signs separated by commas MTO uses arguments to determine how your PK 232 monitors the Packet channels and displays in formation which stations packets will be displayed and which stations packets will be masked or hidden MTO is set to NONE when you start your PK 232 for the first time Type MTO to display the ALL NONE YES list NO list status of call signs of the stat...

Page 154: ... change their call sign to a shorter and usually easier to remember identifier Identifiers used include International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO airport IDs sometimes combined with telephone area codes MYALTCAL aaaa Mnemonic MYALT Default empty Mode AMTOR Parameters aaaa Your alternate SELective CALling code SELCALL Use the MYALTCAL command to specify an your alternate SELCALL which under ce...

Page 155: ...ion of their main station and SSID of 1 or 2 for a secon dary station or dedicated digipeater under their responsibility Local area networks operated or maintained by a Packet group or club may use the same call sign for several stations in their network each node or unit being identified with a different SSID As Packet networks grow and become more complex with multi port and gateway systems and ...

Page 156: ...ELCALL from the call sign your PK 232 is capable of in cluding any AMTOR character in the SELCALL including digits 0 through 9 In accordance with CCIR Recommendation 491 four or five digit numbers may be entered the PK 232 automatically translate the numeric entry to your four letter alpha SELCALL NEWMODE ON OFF Mnemonic NE Default ON Mode Packet Parameters ON The PK 232 automatically returns to t...

Page 157: ... by making your PK 232 send NULL characters ASCII code 00 to your com puter or terminal This introduces any necessary delay after any CR sent to the terminal The NULLS command sets the number of individual NULL characters that are to be sent when NUCR is ON Set NUCR ON if your terminal or printer misses one or more characters after responding to a CR if this is the case you will sometimes see over...

Page 158: ...owly The null characters are sent from your PK 232 to your computer only in Converse and Command Modes OPMODE Mnemonic O Immediate Command Mode Command OPMODE is an immediate command that shows the PK 232 s current mode of operation and sys tem status Use the OPMODE command O at any time when your PK 232 is in the Command Mode to dis play the present operating mode Here is a typical indications cm...

Page 159: ...ths If the radio link is good and optimal relationship will exist between the parameter set by these commands Set PACLEN so that the maximum number of characters outstanding doesn t ex ceed the receive buffer space of the TNC receiving the data NOTE It is not necessary that two TNCs be set to the same PACLEN value to exchange data however some TNCs may not be compatible when frames contain more th...

Page 160: ... ASCII code for the character you ll used to signal that the charac ter immediately following it is to be included in a packet or text string You can enter the code in either hex or decimal Use the PASS character default CTRL V to send characters that usually have special functions A common use for the PASS character is to allow CR to be included in the BTEXT and CTEXT messages so that the transmi...

Page 161: ...e displayed periodically because there is no basis for distinguishing between actual packets and random noise When PASSALL is ON logging of stations heard for display by MHEARD is disabled the call signs detected may be incorrect RBAUD n Mnemonic RB Default 45 bauds 60 WPM Mode Baudot RTTY Parameters n Specifies the rate or signaling speed in bauds from the PK 232 to the radio RBAUD sets the radio...

Page 162: ...EDISPLA changes the redisplay line input editing character Parameter n is the numeric ASCII code for the character you ll use when you want to re display the current input line You can enter the code in either hex or decimal Type the REDISPLA character to re display a line you ve just typed The following things happen 1 Type in flow control is temporarily turned off if it had been active Any incom...

Page 163: ...ccasionally the sending TNC may not have a packet ready in time to prevent transmission from being stopped temporarily with the result that the acknowledgement of earlier packets collides with the final packet of the series These collisions can be avoided if the receiving TNC sets RESPTIME to 10 RESTART Mnemonic RESTART Immediate Command Mode Command RESTART is an immediate command that reinitiali...

Page 164: ...R FEC Parameters aaaa Specifies your SELective CALling code SELCALL The SELFEC command starts a SELective FEC Mode Bs transmission to a specific distant station when you enter that station s SELCALL SELective CALLing code The SELFEC command must be a unique character sequence that contains four alphabetic charac ters It is normally derived from the call sign of the distant station See MYSELCAL for...

Page 165: ...ily connected in many radios to the busy light or indicator on the radio s front panel or to other circuit locations that indicate the presence or absence of carrier or received sig nals Because your carrier sensing signal can be active low or active high depending on the indi vidual radio manufacturer s design you can set your PK 232 to sense either positive or negative squelch voltages SRXALL ON...

Page 166: ... and stops transmission on receipt of the character toggels TBAUD n Mnemonic TB Default 1200 bauds Mode All Parameters n Specifies the rate or signaling speed in bauds on the serial I O port TBAUD displays the baud rate set by the auto baud routine when you first apply power to the PK 232 or after typing RESET Use TBAUD to set terminal rates not covered by the auto baud routine such as 110 and 600...

Page 167: ...t use TRA The PK 232 will change to Trans parent Mode The TRACE display is shown as it appears on an 80 column display The following monitored frame is a sample W2JUP TESTER UI This is a test message packet Byte Hex Shifted ASCII ASCII 000 A88AA6A8 8AA460AE 6494AAA0 406103F0 TESTER0W2JUP 0 x d a 010 54686973 20697320 61207465 7374206D 449 49 0 29 6 This is a test m 020 65737361 67652070 61636B65 7...

Page 168: ...p and User Start characters are disabled hardware flow control must be used by the computer If TRFLOW is ON and START and STOP are set to values other than zero software flow control is enabled for the user s computer or terminal The PK 232 responds to the User START and User STOP characters set by START and STOP while remaining transparent to all other characters from the terminal Unless TXFLOW i...

Page 169: ... require that you increase TXDE LAY to allow for the additional delays Experiment to determine the best TXDELAY value for a specific radio TXDELAY can also compensate for certain characteristics of the radio used by the station with whom you re communicating If the distant station s radio has slow AGC recovery or squelch release times when switching from transmit to receive increasing your TXDELAY...

Page 170: ... sets the digipeat and destination address fields of packets sent in the unconnected un protocol mode Unconnected packets are sent as unsequenced I frames with the destination and digipeat fields taken from call1 through call9 options When a destination is not specified unconnected packets are sent to CQ Unconnected packets sent from other packet stations can be monitored by setting MONITOR to a v...

Page 171: ...es to let ters after receiving a space character When using Baudot RTTY in poor HF receiving conditions a received character can be incorrectly interpreted as a FIGURES SHIFT character forcing the received data into the wrong case Many otherwise good characters received after this will be interpreted as figures numbers and punctua tion not as the letters sent by the distant station USOS ON helps r...

Page 172: ...er or not you can edit while entering text for transmission When WORDOUT is ON each character you type is held in a buffer until you type a space a car riage return a line feed or any punctuation mark including parentheses plus signs asterisks etc You can correct spelling or change words before the transmit buffer s contents are sent to the radio When WORDOUT is OFF each character you type is sent...

Page 173: ...to 00 XMIT Mnemonic X Immediate Command Mode Command Mode in Baudot ASCII Morse XMIT is an immediate command that keys your radio s PTT line and prepares the radio to receive outbound data and Morse characters from the PK 232 The XMIT Command can only be used from the Command Mode Type CTRL C default to enter Command Mode before typing the X XMIT switches your PK 232 to either Converse Mode or Tra...

Page 174: ...tivity might fill the PK 232 s buffers you can define the Stop character as CTRL G 07 the beep character on many ter minals XON n Mnemonic XON Default 11 CTRL Q Mode All Parameters n 0 to 7F 0 to 127 decimal specifies an ASCII character code XON selects the PK 232 Start character that is sent to the computer or terminal to restart input from that device You can enter the code in either hex or deci...

Page 175: ...S SP BS for DELETE char BTEXT BT Empty 120 byte BEACON message text CALIBRAT CAL Immediate Command Start calibrate mode CANLINE CAN 18 CTRL X LINE DELETE character CANPAC CANP 19 CTRL Y PACKET DELETE character CASEDISP CAS 0 as is Display case as is lower UPPER CBELL CB OFF Enable Connect bell CCITT CC ON Select CCITT ITA 2 or US Baudot CFROM CF Empty enter calls Connect request accept list CHCALL...

Page 176: ...nter hex addresses Read write IO register K K Immediate Command Same as CONVERSE KISS KI OFF Use KISS TNC host protocol LOCK L ON Morse receive speed lock MARSDISP MAR OFF Translate LTRS FIGS characters MAXFRAME MAX 4 Maximum un ACK d frames allowed MBELL MBE OFF Rings bell when station heard MBX MB none enter calls Monitor channel without headers MCON MC 0 zero Monitor while connected 0 6 MDIGI M...

Page 177: ...C SEL Empty enter SELCAL Start Selective FEC with SELCAL SENDPAC SE OD CTRL M Character that sends a packet SLOTTIME SL 10 P persistent CSMA slot time ms SQUELCH SQ OFF Select receiver squelch polarity SRXALL SRX OFF SELFEC Receive SELECTIVE or ALL START STA 11 CTRL Q Resume sending data to terminal STOP STO 13 CTRL S Stop sending data to terminal TBAUD TB 1200 bauds Set terminal data rate TCLEAR ...

Page 178: ...station with which contact is desired can be readily accessed you can t raise another station by sending the SELCAL on a channel that the distant station may not be actively monitoring The Discipline After initial contact is made both stations involved in the contact quickly move off to another channel to continue their communication The calling channel should not be used as a working channel Call...

Page 179: ...rs sta tions are active 2 Getting started on AMTOR for the first time The most popular AMTOR mode is ARQ since it is the most effective However do not attempt to make the first QSOs on ARQ until FEC has been tested and is known to be working If there is a fault in part of the system no contact will result on ARQ at all whereas at least in one di rection transmit or receive is working faults can be...

Page 180: ... this 3 1 3 1 Listeners cannot identify the calling station in an ARQ CQ call Thus they either must risk replying to a station with whom contact was not desirable or suffer the embarrass ment of having to terminate a contact if for example it turns out to be the station you have just worked 3 1 3 2 If a contact which resulted from a CQ call on ARQ subsequently runs into a re phasing attempt the re...

Page 181: ...r associated with the commercial equipment 3 2 3 To make a CQ call to start an AMTOR QSO do so on FEC mode mentioning your own SELCAL code so that at the end of your call a prospective QSO partner can call you back directly with your SELCAL If you are expecting replies only on FEC for example for con tacts via a long path mention this fact in the CQ call 3 3 Operating techniques whilst in contact ...

Page 182: ...hronizations in which the master station clock determines the phasing for the contact 3 4 2 Changing frequency during an ARQ QSO Since both stations are listening through if there is some interference on the frequency or if a change of frequency is desirable for some other reason for example to clear a call ing frequency then both stations may wish to move together to another frequency Whilst at f...

Page 183: ...e quency shift is universally accepted to be 170 Hz Thus in any specification of a frequency in connection with AMTOR working due re gard must be taken of the convention intended at least until such time as one of these conventions is dropped in favour of the other Another factor is significant in respect of setting frequencies on the dials of SSB trans ceivers used on AMTOR with audio frequency s...

Page 184: ...lways good practice to send the ap propriate shift code at the start of each contact and indeed at the start of each mes sage and perhaps at more frequent intervals With terminals encoded in teleprinter code there are always two keys labeled letters and figures and so it is simply necessary to hit the appropriate one of these keys as required However on more modern terminals these two keys may not...

Page 185: ...ion A sends a block of three characters during an interval of 210 milliseconds The sending system then pauses for 240 milliseconds during which Station B transmits a single acceptance code 1 3 Mode A ARQ In the interactive ARQ mode all transmitted characters are sent in blocks or groups each containing three characters This mode operates between two synchronized or phased sta tions If the receivin...

Page 186: ...ding simply slows the text received on your screen as the sta tions transmit a higher proportion of retries The overall accuracy of the data is maintained In the ARQ mode your station must know the identity of the other station Therefore FEC see APPENDIX D is normally used to call CQ and start a contact Then stations switch to ARQ The ARQ mode also allows you to access and activate selectively any...

Page 187: ...ntified correctly The sequence looks like this Idle 1 Idle 2 Idle 1 Idle 2 Idle 1 etc for ten occurrences Then each character is transmitted interleaved with four sequential characters and its own repetition Unlike ARQ Mode A in FEC Mode B the transmitter operates at 100 duty cycle Con sult the operating manual and duty cycle specifications of your radio equipment for the cor rect operating condit...

Page 188: ...ending more information for more people As data processing requirements became more demanding newer forms of synchronization evolved A method was developed which applied a single synchronizing string to an entire string of characters rather than include sync information in each character The overhead or housekeep ing bits previously inserted into each character for sync purposes were eliminated hi...

Page 189: ...of packet network transmission and switching standards the telex networks of the world had been growing world wide at an annual rate of about 22 per year This does not indicate obsolescence Here in the U S A many of the commercial carriers are still enlarging their networks Instead of abandoning the Baudot code in favor of anything else they are changing from the traditional 50 baud operating spee...

Page 190: ...at s fine if you never need to handle anything but text message traffic or connect to computers Code Variations Over the years different versions of the same code have evolved creating some confusion in both domestic and international traffic Western Union the Bell System the Weather Bureau the F A A the Armed Forces and the Associated Press all developed their own versions of the same code Some u...

Page 191: ...ed machines started to communicate with other machines without involving humans Better and more efficient codes had to be developed for transmitting information so that the ma chines themselves could evaluate the received information and request repeats if errors were re ceived As data processing first evolved and data communication codes were developed the data process ing systems used their own ...

Page 192: ...arac ters have redefined the code using EBCDIC as a base and identifying particular characters with odd or even parity bits Although there are occasional compatibility problems because of parity def initions varying between users EBCDIC is still widely used in data processing communications sys tems Still Other Codes Several other data codes are in use today some of them dating back decades Holler...

Page 193: ...USER S GUIDE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS PK232UG Rev E 9 87 H 1 193 ...

Page 194: ...USER S GUIDE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS PK232UG Rev E 9 87 H 2 194 ...

Page 195: ...USER S GUIDE PARTS PICTORIAL PK232UG Rev B 9 86 I 1 195 APPENDIX I PARTS PICTORIAL ...

Page 196: ... R162 R163 R91 R92 R106 R107 R126 R159 R79 R35 R93 R97 R110 R150 R6 R13 R18 R133 R186 R160 R135 R171 R125 R1 R2 R25 R29 R37 R141 R142 R144 R145 R149 R161 R169 R177 R180 R182 R183 R127 R134 R9 R10 R132 R80 R123 R128 R170 RES W 5 680 00 RES W 5 8 20K RES W 5 10 00K RES W 5 100 00K RES W 1 1 10K RES W 1 11 00K RES W 1 1 69K RES W 1 16 90K RES W 1 1 78K RES W 1 174 00K RES W 1 18 70K RES W 1 19 60K RE...

Page 197: ...DS20 DS22 DS21 Q6 Q7 Q10 Q11 Q8 Q3 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q4 Q9 U41 U21 U13 U23 U26 U28 U30 U32 U34 U40 U36 U15 U16 U39 U18 U37 U38 U14 U17 U11 U12 U10 U9 U8 U3 U2 U4 U5 U1 U7 U6 U22 U24 U25 U27 U29 U31 U33 U35 U20 U19 DIP SOCK 20 PIN DIP SOCK 28 PIN DIP SOCK 40 PIN HDR R AX2 1 3 POS HDR R A 10 5 POS HDR R AX2 10 7 POS HDR STR 10 2 POS HDR STR 10 3 POS HDR R A D 25 POS JACK PWR 2 1MM JACK PHON 3 5MM JACK PHONO ...

Page 198: ...on tip of large conn YAESU 4 pin AFSK 2 PTT 3 GND 1 8 pin AFSK 8 PTT 6 GND 7 FT 270 2700 require mic DC block cap series diode w PTT FT x03 FT x09 FT 727 RX audio available on tip of large conn FT 208 AFSK 1 PTT 3 GND 4 RX audio on pin 2 KENWOOD 4 pin AFSK 1 PTT 2 GND 3 4 5 pin AFSK 1 PTT 2 GND 4 5 6 pin AFSK 1 PTT 2 GND 6 8 pin AFSK 1 PTT 2 GND 7 8 TR 2500 RX audio available on tip of small conn ...

Page 199: ...ip GND sleeve AZDEN 12 pin AFSK 12 PTT 9 GND 2 11 8 pin AFSK 1 PTT 7 GND 2 DRAKE 4 pin AFSK 1 PTT 2 GND 3 1 4 stereo AFSK ring PTT tip GND sleeve This information has been obtained from various sources and AEA assumes no responsibility for ac curacy Please consult your particular transceiver operator s manual for confirmation ...

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